GSEB Class 12 Gujarati Textbook Solutions Chapter 20 બે લઘુકથાઓ

Daag Exercise

Exercise 1. Write the answer in one sentence for each of the following questions.

Question 1. Whom did Rajima have immense affection for?
Answer: Rajima had great affection for her cattle.
In simple words: Rajima deeply loved her cows and buffaloes.

Exam Tip: For direct questions, always state the subject of the affection clearly.

Question 2. What advice did the author give Rajima?
Answer: The author suggested Rajima sell her cattle and live peacefully.
In simple words: The writer told Rajima to get rid of her animals and enjoy a relaxed life.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to character interactions and advice given within the story.

Exercise 2. Write the answer in two-three sentences for each of the following questions.

Question 1. What message does Rajima send to her son in the letter? What is his reply?
Answer: Rajima's two sons had settled in the city. They wrote letters inviting Rajima to come to the city. But Rajima said, "I cannot give up my attachment to my homeland; you all should visit me." Her son sent another letter. He wrote that they did not have any leave left from work. Also, his wife was unwell. "We cannot come now. We have sent money. Now sell the cattle and live peacefully. You have wasted enough. Do prayers. Take care of your health."
In simple words: Rajima asked her sons to visit as she couldn't leave her homeland. Her son replied they couldn't come due to work and his wife's health, sending money and advising her to sell the cattle for a peaceful life.

Exam Tip: When asked about a message and a reply, make sure to include both parts of the communication clearly.

Question 2. For what reason did Rajima abandon the decision to write a letter?
Answer: One time, Rajima went to the writer to have a letter written. The writer suggested she sell her cattle and live peacefully. Rajima then said with tears in her eyes, "If I sell my cattle, they will break other people's tethers and return home. My own children have been sold without being sold." Saying this, she tore up the paper and abandoned her decision to write a letter.
In simple words: Rajima decided not to write the letter after the writer suggested selling her cattle. She felt her cattle were more loyal than her children, who had "sold themselves" by moving away.

Exam Tip: Focus on the emotional reason behind a character's decision, especially when it involves family relationships.

Exercise 3. Write a detailed answer.

Question 1. What deep meaning does the short story 'Dhoran' convey?
Answer: The short story 'Dhoran' by Ishwar Parmar profoundly illustrates the emotional chasm between parents living in their ancestral home and their children who have moved to the city. It highlights how these children, influenced by modern life, often fail to comprehend the loneliness and deep emotional attachment their parents feel towards their simple life and even their animals. Rajima, the protagonist, represents this parental love, finding immense comfort and loyalty in her cattle, which she considers her own family. Her attempts to sell them are met with their stubborn return, symbolizing an unbreakable bond. In stark contrast, her sons, despite her longing, cannot spare time to visit, fulfilling their duty merely by sending money. This leads Rajima to a heartbreaking realization: her animals demonstrate greater loyalty and affection than her own flesh and blood. The story's powerful message culminates in the poignant statement, "My children are like the cattle, and the cattle are like my children," underscoring the profound irony that non-human relationships can sometimes offer more unwavering love and companionship than human kin. It critically examines the changing family values and the growing emotional distance in contemporary society.
In simple words: The story 'Dhoran' shows how children moving to cities forget their parents' deep love for their homeland and animals. It teaches us that animals can sometimes show more love and loyalty than human family members, especially when children get too busy for their parents. The story critiques modern family values, where money replaces emotional connections.

Exam Tip: For detailed answers, always explain the core theme, provide supporting examples from the story, and summarize the author's message or critique.

Dhoran Exercise

Exercise 1. Write the answer in one sentence for each of the following questions.

Question 1. What effect does a deficiency of "Vitamin A" have on the body?
Answer: A deficiency of Vitamin A causes white spots to appear on the body.
In simple words: When you don't have enough Vitamin A, white marks can show up on your skin.

Exam Tip: Remember specific symptoms related to nutritional deficiencies for concise answers.

Exercise 2. Write the answer in three-four sentences for each of the following questions.

Question 1. For what reason was Dr. Sunita Shah's marriage broken?
Answer: Society's supposedly wise and understanding people view the sacred relationship of marriage with a very narrow perspective. Because of this, women have to endure much suffering. On the day of her marriage, Dr. Sunita Shah's husband abandoned her because of the white patches of leucoderma on her forehead, which were present from birth, instead of a traditional bindi.
In simple words: Dr. Sunita Shah's marriage ended because her husband rejected her on their wedding day. He did this because she had birthmark-like white patches on her forehead instead of a bindi, showing society's rigid views on marriage and women.

Exam Tip: When asked about reasons, ensure you provide the direct cause and the societal context if applicable.

Question 2. Why was Dr. Sunita Shah heartbroken?
Answer: Dr. Sunita Shah was heartbroken because of the injustice done to women in a male-dominated society, which she herself experienced. On her wedding night, her husband abandoned her due to the white patches of leucoderma on her forehead where a bindi should have been. This painful experience made her feel utterly broken inside.
In simple words: Dr. Sunita Shah felt heartbroken because her husband left her on their wedding night. He abandoned her due to white marks on her forehead, an injustice common for women in that society, which shattered her deeply.

Exam Tip: Connect the character's emotional state to specific events and societal issues mentioned in the story.

Exercise 3. Write a detailed answer.

Question 1. Explain the sentiment expressed in the short story "Daag".
Answer: Narendra Barad's short story "Daag" presents a harsh reality of society. It reveals how supposedly wise and understanding people in society view the sacred relationship of marriage with a very narrow perspective, causing much suffering for women. On the day of her marriage, Dr. Sunita Shah's husband abandoned her because of the white patches of leucoderma on her forehead, which were present from birth, instead of a traditional bindi. This humiliation stayed with Dr. Sunita throughout her life. One day, a mother brought her child to Sunita Shah's clinic. The child had white spots all over her body. The mother was very worried and asked, "This is my daughter's body, after all! Tell me the truth, sister! Is there no cause for concern?" Sunita Shah replied, "There is no reason to worry; the white spots have appeared only due to a deficiency of Vitamin A. I am prescribing this medicine." Hearing this answer, the child's mother was magically relieved and left the clinic with gratitude in her eyes. Sunita then rested her head on the table, closing her eyes, and plunged into the painful memories of her past.
In simple words: The story "Daag" shows the sad truth that many people in society judge marriage and women very harshly. Dr. Sunita Shah's own husband left her on their wedding day because of white spots on her forehead. Later, she comforted a worried mother whose child also had white spots, explaining it was just a vitamin deficiency. This event brought back Sunita's own painful past, making her realize how unfair she was treated.

Exam Tip: For detailed answers, provide a complete narrative, linking events to the central theme of societal perspective and personal suffering.

Daag Questions and Answers

Exercise 1. Answer in one sentence for each of the following questions [1 Mark]

Question 1. State the name of the author of the short story "Daag".
Answer: The author of the short story 'Daag' is Narendra Barad.
In simple words: Narendra Barad wrote the story called 'Daag'.

Exam Tip: Remember the authors for important literary works as these are common direct questions.

Question 2. What reality of society is revealed in the short story "Daag"?
Answer: The short story 'Daag' reveals the reality that even today, women and the institution of marriage are viewed with a narrow and confined perspective in society.
In simple words: 'Daag' shows that society still views women and marriage in a very limited and old-fashioned way.

Exam Tip: Identify the core social message or critique presented in the literary piece.

Question 4. Why did the woman who brought the child to the clinic thank Sunita?
Answer: The woman who brought the child to the clinic thanked Sunita with her eyes when Sunita told her that the white spots on the child's body were only due to a deficiency of Vitamin A.
In simple words: The mother looked thankfully at Sunita because Sunita explained that her child's white spots were only from a Vitamin A shortage.

Exam Tip: Look for acts of gratitude and the reasons behind them within the narrative.

Question 5. Why did Dr. Sunita Shah rest her head on the table?
Answer: After the woman who had come to the clinic left, Sunita rested her head on the table because the injustice she had suffered in the past became fresh in her memory.
In simple words: Sunita put her head on the table because remembering her past unfair treatment made her sad after the woman left.

Exam Tip: Relate a character's actions or posture to their internal emotional state or past experiences.

Dhoran Questions and Answers

Exercise 1. Answer the following question in detail (approximately 100 words): 14 Marks.

Question 1. What deep meaning does the short story 'Dhoran' convey?
Answer: The short story "Dhoran," written by Ishwar Parmar, deeply explores how children who leave their hometown for cities often fail to understand the profound sorrow of their mothers living alone. The core of this story lies in the contrast between human relationships and the unconditional love shown by animals. The sons, deeply influenced by modern life, move to the city and ask their mother, Rajima, to join them. However, Rajima is deeply tied to her cattle with bonds of affection, finding it hard to leave her homeland for urban life. When Rajima tries to sell her cattle, they consistently break free from their new owners and return to her at night. This selfless loyalty from the animals starkly contrasts with her sons' behavior; they only send money and refuse to visit, citing busy schedules and illness. Rajima's ultimate act of tearing up the letter, declaring, "My children are like the cattle, and the cattle are my children," serves as a poignant critique. This powerful statement highlights the immense emotional gap and the perceived lack of warmth from her own children compared to the steadfast devotion of her animals, revealing a deep message about changing family values and true loyalty.
In simple words: Ishwar Parmar's story "Dhoran" shows that city-dwelling children often don't understand their mothers' lonely feelings back home. The story contrasts human ties with animal loyalty: Rajima's cattle always return to her, but her sons are too busy to visit. This makes her feel that her animals are more like family than her own children.

Exam Tip: For literary analysis, always articulate the central theme and support it with specific actions or dialogues from the characters.

Exercise 2. Answer in one sentence for each of the following questions (1 Mark)

Question 1. What did the cattle do when Rajima sold them?
Answer: When Rajima sold the cattle, they would break the tethers of their new owners, return home in the middle of the night, and low outside her door.
In simple words: The cattle always came back to Rajima, breaking free from whoever bought them and waiting at her door.

Exam Tip: Detail specific actions mentioned in the story to fully answer "what did they do?".

Question 2. What lesson do we learn from this short story?
Answer: This short story teaches us that animals often show more love and loyalty towards each other than humans do in so-called blood relationships.
In simple words: The story shows that animals can be more loving and loyal than people, even family members.

Exam Tip: Identify the moral or central message of the story for such questions.

Question 3. What is the eternal line of Gujarati literature in the form of fate's irony?
Answer: The eternal line of Gujarati literature in the form of fate's irony is: "Brother, now my children are the cattle, and the cattle are my children."
In simple words: The classic Gujarati line showing life's irony is, "My kids are like my cattle, and my cattle are my kids."

Exam Tip: Quote famous lines accurately when specifically asked, including any specific context.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct option from the given alternatives for each of the following questions and write the answer (1 Mark)

Question 1. State the name of the author of the short story "Daag".
(a) Narendra Barad
(b) Ishwar Parmar
(c) Ishwar Petlikar
(d) Venibhai Purohit
Answer: (a) Narendra Barad
In simple words: Narendra Barad wrote the story 'Daag'.

Exam Tip: Ensure you remember the author's name associated with each story.

Question 2. What effect does a deficiency of "Vitamin A" have on the body?
(a) The body feels weak.
(b) White spots appear on the body.
(c) Mental stress is experienced.
(d) The body becomes healthy and strong.
Answer: (b) White spots appear on the body.
In simple words: Not having enough Vitamin A causes white marks to show up on the skin.

Exam Tip: Accurately recall the physical symptoms caused by specific vitamin deficiencies.

Question 3. In which lesson is it shown that women and the institution of marriage are viewed with a narrow perspective?
(a) Dhoran Short Story
(b) Daag Short Story
(c) Morna Inda
(d) Other Story
Answer: (b) Daag Short Story
In simple words: The story 'Daag' shows how people have very limited views on women and marriage.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific literary work that addresses a particular social theme or issue.

Question 4. What injustice did Sunita Shah face in the past?
(a) Her husband forbade her from further studies.
(b) Society boycotted Sunita.
(c) She was never counted as part of the family.
(d) Her husband abandoned her on the wedding night.
Answer: (d) Her husband abandoned her on the wedding night.
In simple words: Sunita was unfairly treated when her husband left her right after their wedding.

Exam Tip: Focus on significant turning points or injustices in a character's past to answer such questions.

Question 5. State the name of the author of the short story "Dhoran".
(a) Ishwar Parmar
(b) Govardhanram Tripathi
(c) Chandravadan Mehta
(d) Narendra Barad
Answer: (a) Ishwar Parmar
In simple words: Ishwar Parmar wrote the story named "Dhoran".

Exam Tip: Know the authors of all the prescribed short stories for quick recall.

Question 6. What advice did the author give Rajima?
(a) To earn money by working hard.
(b) To sell the cattle and live peacefully.
(c) To go to her children in the city.
(d) To give up her attachment to her sons.
Answer: (b) To sell the cattle and live peacefully.
In simple words: The author advised Rajima to sell her farm animals and relax.

Exam Tip: Recall direct advice given by key characters to solve such questions.

Question 7. "Brother, now my children are the cattle, and the cattle are my children." Who says this quote and to whom?
(a) Rajima to herself
(b) Rajima to the author
(c) The author to Rajima
(d) The author to Sunita
Answer: (b) Rajima to the author
In simple words: Rajima said, "My kids are like my cattle, and my cattle are my kids," to the author.

Exam Tip: Identify important dialogues and their speakers, along with the context, to answer quotation-based questions.

Dhoran Grammar

Exercise 1. Combine the simple sentences using appropriate conjunctions:

Question 1. (1) Rajima had immense affection for the cattle. (2) Rajima could not sell the cattle. (3) Rajima could not live without the cattle.
Answer: Rajima had immense affection for the cattle, so she could not sell the cattle and could not live without them.
In simple words: Rajima loved her cattle very much, so she couldn't sell them or live without them.

Exam Tip: Use conjunctions like "so," "and," or "because" to logically connect ideas into a single sentence.

Question 2. (1) The injustice Sunita suffered in the past became fresh. (2) Sunita rested her head on the table. (3) Sunita cried bitterly.
Answer: The injustice Sunita suffered in the past became fresh, so she rested her head on the table and cried bitterly.
In simple words: Sunita felt the past unfairness again, so she put her head on the table and wept a lot.

Exam Tip: Combine sentences using cause-and-effect relationships for clarity.

Question 3. (1) Animals are more loyal than humans. (2) Animals can be trusted more than humans. (3) Animals never betray humans.
Answer: Animals are more loyal and trustworthy than humans because they never betray.
In simple words: Animals are more faithful and reliable than people, as they never cheat.

Exam Tip: Group similar ideas and use a strong conjunction like "because" or "as" to explain the combined thought.

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions in the following sentences:

Question 1. (1) વરસાદની – પણ હતો. (2) વિદેશની – તેઓ પોતાના દેશમાં ગયાં. (3) પુત્રના સાથ સહકારને – તેઓ સફળ થયા. (4) રસોઈનો મઘમઘાટ – વાતાવરણને સુગંધિત બનાવે છે. (5) શિક્ષકની હૂંફને સહકાર – વિદ્યાર્થીઓ ઉત્તમ માણસ બને છે.
Answer:
(1) વરસાદની સાથે પણ હતો.
(2) વિદેશની માફક તેઓ પોતાના દેશમાં ગયાં.
(3) પુત્રના સાથ સહકારને કારણે તેઓ સફળ થયા.
(4) રસોઈનો મઘમઘાટ આસપાસના વાતાવરણને સુગંધિત બનાવે છે.
(5) શિક્ષકની હૂંફને સહકાર દ્વારા વિદ્યાર્થીઓ ઉત્તમ માણસ બને છે.

Exam Tip: Choose prepositions that logically connect the noun or pronoun to other words in the sentence, indicating relationships of time, place, or manner.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct option from the given alternatives for each of the following questions and write the answer:

Exercise 1. Give the meanings of the following compound words:

Question 1. મરહૂમ
(a) Happened before time
(b) Came first
(c) Happened previously, before
(d) Happened after many years
Answer: (c) Happened previously, before
In simple words: "Marhoom" means something that took place earlier or in the past.

Exam Tip: Understand the subtle differences in meaning between similar-sounding options to choose the precise definition.

Question 2. ત્યક્તા
(a) Abandoned
(b) Regained
(c) Accepted
(d) Found later
Answer: (a) Abandoned
In simple words: "Tyakta" means something that has been left or given up.

Exam Tip: For vocabulary questions, focus on the most direct and accurate synonym or definition.

Exercise 2. Find the synonym for the following words:

Question 1. સહાય
(a) Illusion
(b) Favor
(c) Discovery
(d) Experience
Answer: (b) Favor
In simple words: The word "sahay" means to help or give assistance. From the options, "favor" is the closest synonym.

Exam Tip: When the word for which a synonym is required is implied or missing, deduce the most logical word based on the provided options and the correct answer. The options provide related concepts, and 'Favor' (ઉપકાર) is a direct synonym for 'help' (સહાય).

Question 2. ભોમકા
(a) Earth
(b) World
(c) Universe
(d) Homeland
Answer: (d) Homeland
In simple words: "Bhomka" means your native land or the place you were born.

Exam Tip: Be precise with synonyms; while 'Earth' or 'World' are broad, 'Homeland' captures the specific emotional and geographical context of 'Bhomka'.

Question 3. માયા
(a) Bribery
(b) Wealth
(c) Deception
(d) Attachment
Answer: (c) Deception
In simple words: "Maya" can refer to an illusion or trickery, which means deception.

Exam Tip: Consider all possible connotations of a word when selecting a synonym, as 'Maya' has multiple meanings. The source indicates 'Deception'.

Exercise 3. Find the antonym for the following word:

Question 1. નિશ્ચિત
(a) Unstable
(b) Worried
(c) Mental Anguish
(d) Separation
Answer: (b) Worried
In simple words: "Nischit" means definite or certain. Although "worried" isn't a direct opposite, the given answer suggests it as the intended antonym in this context.

Exam Tip: When choosing antonyms, select the option that represents the most opposite meaning, even if it's not a perfect pair, especially if following a provided answer key.

Exercise 4. Find the correctly spelled word from the following:

Question 1. Correct Spelling
(a) દ્રષ્ટિકોણ
(b) ઉણપ
(c) વાસ્તવિક્તા
(d) મારમીક
Answer: (c) વાસ્તવિક્તા
In simple words: The correct spelling among the given choices is "વાસ્તવિક્તા".

Exam Tip: Practice identifying common spelling errors and remembering the correct forms of frequently used words in Gujarati.

Two Short Stories Summary in Gujarati

Daag Lesson Introduction

This short story criticizes the mindset and false beliefs of supposedly wise people in society. Right from the beginning of "Daag," the phrase "After all, it's a daughter's nature" is spoken innocently, yet it conveys a serious sentiment.
The grave matter of how people view the sacred bond of marriage is illustrated by the events in Dr. Sunita's life.

Exam Tip: Understand how the author uses specific phrases or character experiences to convey deeper societal criticisms.

Meanings

• બિલકુલ – જરાપણ; કોઈપણ રીતે. (Completely; whatsoever.)
• ત્યક્તા – છોડી દીધેલી; અવગણેલી. (Abandoned; disregarded.)
• પંપાળવું – વહાલ કરવું; વહાલથી સ્પર્શ કરવો. (To caress; to pat.)
• ભોમકા (સ્ત્રી.) – માતૃભૂમિ; જન્મભૂમિ. (Homeland; motherland.)

Exam Tip: Learn contextual meanings of words, especially those with multiple interpretations, as they often deepen understanding of the text.

Dhoran Lesson Introduction

The sons leave their hometown and settle in the city. Rajima also calls them to the city. However, Rajima could not live without her cattle, and the cattle could not exist without Rajima. A strong bond of love was formed between the two.
In comparison to so-called blood relationships, Rajima's loneliness and her affection for mute animals win. The exceptional weaving of the story is the true skill of this short story. The eternal line of Gujarati literature, "Brother, now my children are the cattle, and the cattle are my children," expresses the core essence of this short story.

Exam Tip: Note how the author establishes emotional connections between characters and elements to convey the story's central message.

Dhoran Meanings

• નિરાંતે – શાંતિથી; શાંતિપૂર્વક, આરામ. (Peacefully; peace, rest.)
• આપદા (સ્ત્રી) – મુશ્કેલી; સંકટ. (Calamity; trouble.)
• માયા (સ્ત્રી.) – છળ; કપટ. (Illusion; deception.)
• સઘરિયા – સહકુટુંબ; બધા પરિવારના સભ્યો. (With family; all family members.)
• આંટો (પં) – ફેરો; મુલાકાત. (Round; turn, trip.)
• વેઠવું – સહન કરવું; ભોગવવું. (To endure; to suffer.)
• ભજન (નવું) – નામસ્મરણ; પ્રાર્થના. (Hymn; prayer.)
• માડી (સ્ત્રી.) – મા; માતા. (Mother; mother.)
• ભાંભરડાં – પશુઓનો અવાજ; અવાજ કરવો. (Lowing; to bellow.)
• છોરાં – બાળકો; સંતાન. (Children; offspring.)
• પતું (નવું) – કાગળ; પોસ્ટકાર્ડ. (Paper; postcard.)

Exam Tip: Master the vocabulary related to rural life and human emotions to fully grasp the nuances of the story.