GSEB Class 12 Gujarati Textbook Solutions Chapter 18 અઘરો દિવસ

Adharo Divas Exercise

1. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

Question 1. According to the connoisseur, what kind of person and devotee was the poet Dayaram?
Answer: According to the connoisseur, poet Dayaram was a beloved person and a cherished devotee.
In simple words: The expert believed that Dayaram was a very dear person and a much-loved devotee.

Exam Tip: When asked about a person's qualities, make sure to include both aspects mentioned in the question (person and devotee). Use strong adjectives to describe them.

Question 2. The connoisseur Venibhai Purohit sees the adornment of whom in Dayaram's creations?
Answer: The connoisseur Venibhai Purohit sees the adornment of Radha and Krishna in Dayaram's creations.
In simple words: Venibhai Purohit observed that Dayaram's works depict the beauty of Radha and Krishna.

Exam Tip: Focus on identifying the key figures mentioned in the question (Radha and Krishna) as they are central to the answer. Always name the specific individuals.

Question 3. To assert that 'Dayaram's poetry has a regal and sattvic nature,' what example does the connoisseur give?
Answer: To assert that 'Dayaram's poetry has a regal and sattvic nature,' the connoisseur gives the example, 'My beloved resides in the palace of determination.'
In simple words: To show Dayaram's poetry is both grand and pure, the connoisseur uses the example, 'My darling lives in the palace of firm resolve.'

Exam Tip: When a question asks for an example, always provide the exact quote or specific reference from the text to support your statement.

Question 4. According to the connoisseur's belief, under what circumstances might poet Dayaram have written the work "Adharo Divas"?
Answer: According to the connoisseur's belief, Dayaram might have created this work when he felt an intimation of the conclusion of his life's journey.
In simple words: The expert thought Dayaram wrote "Adharo Divas" when he sensed his life was nearing its end.

Exam Tip: Connect the creation of the work directly to the specific circumstances or feelings of the author mentioned in the question.

2. Answer the following questions in three-four sentences.

Question 1. Why does the poet find the day of death difficult?
Answer: The poet finds the day of death difficult because when the day of demise arrives and the messengers of Yama come to take his life, he will have to depart, leaving behind wealth, luxury, relatives, and loved ones. The poet wants to live longer. If, at such a moment, God does not give him support, his enemies will succeed in their schemes, and Yama's messengers will take his life. Thus, the poet considers the day of death to be challenging.
In simple words: The poet feels death is hard because he has to leave everything and everyone. He wants to live, and fears if God doesn't help, his enemies will win, and Yama will take him.

Exam Tip: Explain all the factors that contribute to the poet's feeling that death is difficult, including separation from worldly possessions and fear of enemies.

Question 2. Whose surrender does Dayaram accept? Why?
Answer: Dayaram accepts the surrender to Lord Krishna. This is because it is certain that he will leave this world. He has spent his whole life in greed, delusion, deceit, and trickery, but he desires that his final moments be auspicious, helpful, and lead to liberation. For this reason, the poet accepts the surrender to God.
In simple words: Dayaram gives himself to Lord Krishna. He knows he'll leave this world. He spent his life in bad ways, but wants a good ending and freedom, so he seeks God's help.

Exam Tip: Clearly state who Dayaram surrenders to and then elaborate on the reasons, linking his past life and his desire for a peaceful end.

Question 3. How long do our relationships last? Why?
Answer: Our relationships exist only as long as life is present. This is because human relationships belong only to this world; attachment and illusion persist from birth until death. They do not continue after death. From birth until death, people have siblings, relatives, and so on. All these relationships end with death. The relationships of the body are not connected to the soul.
In simple words: Our relationships last only while we are alive because they are earthly connections that end with death. Body relationships don't link to the soul.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the temporary nature of worldly relationships and clearly explain the philosophical reason behind their termination at death.

3. Write Detailed Answers.

Question 1. Dayaram's sense of surrender
Answer: In the connoisseur's essay 'Adharo Divas,' the eternal truth of human life is explained. It is certain that no matter how much a person lives, he will one day have to leave this world. Poet Dayaram says that when the difficult day, meaning the day of demise, arrives, "O Lord! Take care of me." When the messengers of Yama arrive, all relatives will stay far away. Relationships of illusion will not be of any use at that time. "At such a time, O Lord! Hold my hand, otherwise, the enemies' plan will succeed." "If, seeing my mistakes, O Lord, you withdraw, who will save me from Yama's noose? Just as a father covers his son's faults, you too should not pay attention to my faults. Otherwise, your own prestige will decrease. O Lord! I am yours just as I am. You have to sustain me." In this way, through true heartfelt faith, a person can attain the shelter of God. Thus, the significance of devotion to God and God's grace is clearly demonstrated here.
In simple words: Dayaram's surrender shows how he accepts death as truth. He asks God to protect him from Yama's messengers and enemies when death comes because worldly ties won't help. He pleads with God to overlook his flaws, just as a father forgives a child, so God's honor isn't diminished. He declares himself God's, showing deep faith and reliance on divine grace.

Exam Tip: For detailed answers, structure your response by introducing the core concept, then elaborating on Dayaram's plea and arguments for divine support, and concluding with the overarching message of faith and grace.

Question 2. Write Short Notes: 1. Dayaram's Chanting of Krishna's Name
Answer: Poet Dayaram is a remarkable person. He was a beloved devotee of God. His creations contain the sweetness of lovers. The adornment of Radha and Krishna is seen with emotional tenderness. In his Garbis, an effort has been made to guide souls entangled in worldly illusions towards the path of devotion. Poet Dayaram, while chanting Krishna's name, says, "O Lord! Take care of me. When the messengers of Yama arrive, all relatives will stay far away. No one will give me support at such a time, O Lord! Hold my hand, otherwise, the enemies' plan will succeed." And he will say that throughout his life, he chanted "Krishna, Krishna," yet God abandoned him. "In that case, your own honor will be lost. As a devotee, I have earned much respect, but as a human being, I must have made mistakes. If, seeing my mistakes, O Lord, you withdraw, who will save me from Yama's noose? O Lord! I am yours just as I am. You have to sustain me."
In simple words: Dayaram, a devoted poet, adored Krishna. His works beautifully describe Radha and Krishna's love and guide people to devotion. He prays to Krishna for care during death, fearing loneliness and enemy success. He urges Krishna not to abandon him for his human flaws, lest Krishna's own honor be stained. He humbly affirms his belonging to Krishna, seeking divine support.

Exam Tip: When writing a short note, begin with a concise introduction to the subject, then expand on key details and themes, and conclude with a summary of the main idea, as demonstrated by Dayaram's devotion.

Question 2. Adharo Divas According to Dayaram
Answer: According to poet Dayaram, 'Adharo Divas' means the day of demise. The eternal truth of life, death, is explained in the essay 'Adharo Divas.' It is certain that no matter how much a person lives, he will one day have to leave this world. If a person has spent their whole life in greed, delusion, deceit, and trickery, then God will not be remembered at the last moment. He will not provide support. The foolish person wishes for their final moments to be auspicious and hopes for assistance. It is true that a person, no matter how good or bad, can attain God's grace and shelter through true heartfelt faith. The poet says, "Every person makes some mistakes as a human being; I must have also made mistakes. If, seeing my mistakes, O Lord, you withdraw, who will save me from Yama's noose? O Lord! I am yours just as I am. You have to sustain me."
In simple words: For Dayaram, "Adharo Divas" is the day of death. He believes death is unavoidable. If one lives a life of greed, God might not be remembered or offer help at the end. Yet, he states that sincere faith, despite mistakes, can lead to God's grace and shelter. He pleads with God to accept him despite his flaws.

Exam Tip: Define "Adharo Divas" clearly and then elaborate on Dayaram's perspective, including his views on worldly life, the inevitability of death, the importance of faith, and his plea for divine acceptance.

Adharo Divas Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions in one sentence each [1 Mark].

Question 1. Who is the author of the essay "Adharo Divas"?
Answer: The author of the essay 'Adharo Divas' is Venibhai Purohit.
In simple words: Venibhai Purohit wrote the essay "Adharo Divas".

Exam Tip: For authorship questions, always provide the full name of the author as given in the text.

Question 2. State the type of lesson "Adharo Divas".
Answer: The type of lesson 'Adharo Divas' is an appreciative essay.
In simple words: "Adharo Divas" is a literary essay that appreciates a subject.

Exam Tip: Clearly identify the genre or type of the literary work as specified in the question.

Question 3. What moral lesson is learned from the lesson "Adharo Divas"?
Answer: From the lesson 'Adharo Divas,' the moral learned is that no matter how much a person lives, he is certain to leave this world one day. It explains this eternal truth and confirms that God will surely grant mercy through genuine faith and surrender.
In simple words: The lesson "Adharo Divas" teaches that death is certain for everyone, and God shows mercy to those with true faith.

Exam Tip: Summarize the main teaching or message of the lesson clearly and concisely, focusing on the core moral point.

2. Choose the correct option from the following and answer [1 Mark].

Question 1. Which lesson by Venibhai Purohit is in your textbook?
(a) Moranan Indan
(b) Adharo Divas
(c) Thigadu
(d) Akhan Sansartyag
Answer: (b) Adharo Divas
In simple words: The correct lesson by Venibhai Purohit in your book is "Adharo Divas."

Exam Tip: Make sure to recall the specific titles of works by authors mentioned in the curriculum to answer such questions accurately.

Question 2. State the type of lesson "Adharo Divas".
(a) Navlika
(b) Laghukatha
(c) Mulakat
(d) Asvadalekh
Answer: (d) Asvadalekh
In simple words: "Adharo Divas" is a type of essay that appreciates or evaluates a subject.

Exam Tip: Understand the different genres of literature to correctly classify a given work. An 'Asvadalekh' is an appreciative essay.

Question 3. According to the connoisseur, what kind of person and devotee was Dayaram?
(a) Dulho Adami ne Dulharo Bhakt
(b) Sahanshil Adami ne Bagbhagat
(c) Sajjan ane Durjan ne Samajavnar
(d) Duniyadari thi Ajan ne Alipt Bhakt
Answer: (a) Dulho Adami ne Dulharo Bhakt
In simple words: The connoisseur saw Dayaram as a beloved and dear person, and a cherished devotee.

Exam Tip: Remember specific descriptive phrases used in the text when characterizing individuals, as they often appear as options in MCQs.

Question 4. Which poet described the adornment of Radha and Krishna in his creations?
(a) Sundaram
(b) Venibhai Purohit
(c) Prabhulal Dwivedi
(d) Harindra Dave
Answer: (b) Venibhai Purohit
In simple words: Venibhai Purohit is the poet who portrayed the beauty of Radha and Krishna in his writings.

Exam Tip: Associate key themes or descriptions with their respective authors to correctly identify them in multiple-choice questions.

Question 5. Dayaram composed which poem with the premonition of the end of his life's journey?
(a) Rasik Vallabh
(b) Prabodh Bavani
(c) Adharo Divas
(d) Ajamil - Akhyan
Answer: (c) Adharo Divas
In simple words: Dayaram wrote "Adharo Divas" when he felt his life was drawing to a close.

Exam Tip: Connect specific works to significant life events or themes associated with the author. The title of the current chapter is a strong hint.

Question 6. Which nature does the example of 'in the palace of determination' convey in Dayaram's poetry?
(a) Sattvic and Tamasic
(b) Rajasic and Sattvic
(c) Tamasic and Rajasic
(d) Tamasic and Sattvic
Answer: (b) Rajasic and Sattvic
In simple words: The example 'in the palace of determination' shows that Dayaram's poetry has both grand and pure qualities.

Exam Tip: When analyzing literary examples, identify the underlying characteristics or qualities they represent, such as different aspects of human nature.

Question 7. Who is the author of the lesson 'Adharo Divas'?
(a) Venibhai Purohit
(b) Purushottam Deshpande
(c) Govardhanram Tripathi
(d) Chandravadan Mehta
Answer: (a) Venibhai Purohit
In simple words: Venibhai Purohit is the writer of the lesson 'Adharo Divas'.

Exam Tip: Remember to clearly state the full name of the author when asked about authorship.

Adharo Divas Grammar

1. Join the following simple sentences using appropriate conjunctions:

Question 1. (a) Dayaram was an unparalleled devotee of Krishna. (b) Dayaram was a great poet. (c) Dayaram was a great creator.
Answer: Dayaram was an unparalleled devotee of Krishna, a great poet, and a great creator.
In simple words: Dayaram was Krishna's unique devotee, a top poet, and a wonderful creator.

Exam Tip: When joining multiple simple sentences about the same subject, use conjunctions like 'and' to combine related ideas efficiently and avoid repetition.

Question 2. (a) He enjoyed the journey of life. (b) He enjoyed the life of the journey. (c) He enjoyed the fruit of the journey.
Answer: He enjoyed the journey of life, the life of the journey, and its fruits.
In simple words: He found joy in his life's path, the experience of living, and the positive outcomes.

Exam Tip: Identify common elements and combine them using commas and conjunctions to create a flowing sentence. Make sure the phrasing remains natural and clear.

Question 3. (a) Shriji's support is true. (b) Shriji's support saves the world. (c) Shriji's support grants salvation.
Answer: Shriji's support is true, saves the world, and grants salvation.
In simple words: Shriji's support is real; it helps the world and brings liberation.

Exam Tip: When combining sentences with a common subject and predicate, list the attributes or actions in a parallel structure for clarity and conciseness.

2. Choose the correct option from the following and answer:

1. Give the meaning of the following compound words:

Question 1. Matharvu
(a) Samajpurvak Lakhvu
(b) Tika Karvi
(c) Judi Rite Shanagarvu
(d) Game Tem Lakhvu
Answer: (a) Samajpurvak Lakhvu
In simple words: 'Matharvu' means to write thoughtfully.

Exam Tip: When asked for the meaning of a word, choose the option that best reflects its primary sense and usage. 'Samajpurvak Lakhvu' implies writing carefully and thoughtfully.

Question 2. Niradhar
(a) Bijha Par Adharit
(b) Jeno Koi Adhar Nathi Te
(c) Svavalamban thi Rehnar
(d) Potanu Kam Pote Karnar
Answer: (b) Jeno Koi Adhar Nathi Te
In simple words: 'Niradhar' describes someone who has no support.

Exam Tip: Break down the word into its roots if possible (Nir-adhar, meaning 'without support') to find the most accurate definition.

Question 3. Dinanath
(a) Shrimanto na Bhagvan
(b) Divas na Nath
(c) Garibo na Nath
(d) Param Tatv na Swami
Answer: (c) Garibo na Nath
In simple words: 'Dinanath' means the Lord of the poor.

Exam Tip: Recognize the traditional meanings of compound words, especially those with religious or cultural significance. 'Dina' refers to the helpless or poor.

2. Find synonyms for the following words:

Question 1. Kinkar
(a) Kirpan
(b) Sevak
(c) Samarpan
(d) Swami
Answer: (b) Sevak
In simple words: A 'kinkar' is a servant or attendant.

Exam Tip: For synonyms, choose the word that has the closest meaning in the given context. 'Sevak' directly means servant.

Question 2. Upeksha
(a) Apeksha
(b) Bahuman
(c) Sapeksh
(d) Avganana
Answer: (d) Avganana
In simple words: 'Upeksha' means neglect or disregard.

Exam Tip: Be careful with options that sound similar but have opposite meanings, like 'Apeksha' (expectation).

Question 3. Prakruti
(a) Samay
(b) Kah
(c) Svabhav
(d) Yug
Answer: (c) Svabhav
In simple words: 'Prakruti' refers to one's nature or inherent disposition.

Exam Tip: In the context of inner qualities or essence, 'Svabhav' (nature/temperament) is the most fitting synonym for 'Prakruti'.

Question 4. Marmik
(a) Chotdar
(b) Ghatadar
(c) Marodadar
(d) Khabardar
Answer: (a) Chotdar
In simple words: 'Marmik' means poignant or striking.

Exam Tip: 'Chotdar' implies something that hits the mark or is incisive, aligning well with the meaning of 'Marmik' (ironic, subtle but effective).

Question 5. Pamarat
(a) Khatrag
(b) Anurag
(c) Mahek
(d) Soundarya
Answer: (c) Mahek
In simple words: 'Pamarat' means fragrance or a pleasant scent.

Exam Tip: 'Mahek' directly translates to fragrance, making it the most accurate synonym for 'Pamarat'.

Question 6. Varanagi
(a) Kutumb
(b) Chhelbatau
(c) Aptarangi
(d) Saptarangi
Answer: (b) Chhelbatau
In simple words: 'Varanagi' describes someone who is showy or flashy.

Exam Tip: 'Chhelbatau' specifically refers to someone who is fond of dressing up or showing off, which matches the meaning of 'Varanagi' (foppery).

3. Find antonyms for the following words:

Question 1. Avgun
(a) Sagun
(b) Doshy
(c) Gun-dosh
(d) Manovrutti
Answer: (a) Sagun
In simple words: The opposite of 'avgun' (demerit/fault) is 'sagun' (merit/virtue).

Exam Tip: For antonyms, look for the word that conveys the directly opposite meaning. 'Sagun' is the direct opposite of 'Avgun'.

Question 2. Raji
(a) Bekari
(b) Samajdari
(c) Bedarkari
(d) Naraji
Answer: (d) Naraji
In simple words: The antonym of 'raji' (pleased) is 'naraji' (displeased).

Exam Tip: Often, antonyms in Gujarati can be formed by adding a negative prefix like 'na-' to the original word.

4. Find the correctly spelled word from the following.

Question 1.
(a) Dashman
(b) Kinkar
(c) Putr
(d) Madhurya
Answer: (d) Madhurya
In simple words: The word 'Madhurya' is spelled correctly among the given options.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to vowel sounds and common spelling patterns in Gujarati to identify the correct spelling. Practice with common difficult words.

5. Find the pair of proverbs with similar meanings from the following.

Question 1.
(a) Akkarmio Padia Kanno - Bhagyashali ne Bhut Rale
(b) Adhuro Ghado Chhalkay Ghano - Khali Chano Vage Ghano
(c) Jeva Sathe Teva - Vave Tevu Lane
(d) Ujadu Atlu Dudh Nahi - Man Hoy To Malve Javay
Answer: (c) Jeva Sathe Teva - Vave Tevu Lane
In simple words: The pair "As you sow, so shall you reap" (Jeva Sathe Teva - Vave Tevu Lane) shares the same meaning, emphasizing consequences matching actions.

Exam Tip: Understand the core meaning of each proverb to correctly identify pairs that convey the same message, even if phrased differently.

Adharo Divas Summary in Gujarati

Adharo Divas - Introduction to the Lesson

The eternal truth of life, death, is explained in the appreciative essay "Adharo Divas." It is certain that no matter how much a person lives, he will one day have to leave this world. If one has spent one's whole life in greed, delusion, deceit, and trickery, then God will not be remembered at the last moment. He will not provide support. A foolish person wishes for their final moments to be auspicious and hopes for assistance. It is true that a person, no matter how good or bad, can attain God's grace and shelter through true heartfelt faith. Here, the significance of devotion to God and God's grace is clearly demonstrated.
[It has been clarified in this essay ‘Agharo Divas’ that death is the eternal truth of human existence. It is certain that everyone must depart from this world one day. A person who has spent their entire life in avarice and deceit will not remember God at their final moment, and God will not offer assistance. A miserable person desires an auspicious end and anticipates help. It is true that, irrespective of one's actions, a person can achieve God's grace and protection through genuine faith. Here, the significance of devotion to the Divine and the blessings of God is made clear.]
In simple words: The essay "Adharo Divas" talks about how death is a sure thing for everyone. It says that if you live a life full of greed and tricks, you won't think of God at the end, and God won't help you. But, even if you're a miserable person, if you have real faith, God will give you grace and shelter. The essay shows how important it is to be devoted to God and receive His kindness.

Exam Tip: When summarizing, ensure you capture the main philosophical points about life, death, faith, and divine grace as presented in the text, including any English explanations provided.

Adharo Divas - Explanation of the Poem

O beloved Shriji! Please take care of me when the difficult day arrives! [O tempting Shriji! please take care when my difficult day comes!].
O beloved Shriji! When Yama's messengers arrive, all relatives will stay far away.
[O tempting Shriji! My relatives will live away, when the messengers of Yama come.]
O beloved Shriji! If you do not help me at that time, the enemies' plan will succeed.
[O tempting Shriji! If you don't help me in such time, the enemies trick will be successful.]
O beloved Shriji! Please do not retreat upon seeing my mistakes, but help me.
[O tempting Shriji! Please don't go back at that time seeing my mistakes, but help me.]
Just as a father always covers his errant son's faults, so too, do not look at my faults.
[Reputation of the father lies in hiding his son's vices. If he discloses his vices, he will lose his reputation.]
O Lord! I am yours just as I am. Who will sustain me without you?
[Dayaram says, “O God, I am thine whether I am good or bad! who will tolerate me except thou !].
In simple words: The poet pleads with Lord Shriji to protect him during the tough time of death. He fears that when Yama's messengers come, his family will abandon him, and his enemies will win if God doesn't help. He asks God to overlook his flaws, like a father forgiving his child, because his reputation also depends on it. He declares himself entirely God's, asking who else would support him.

Exam Tip: When explaining a poem, break it down line by line or stanza by stanza. Provide a literal translation or interpretation, and then offer a simpler explanation to clarify its meaning and emotional impact.

Adharo Divas (Meanings)

• Adharo (p) - Mushkel; difficult.
• Shudh- (here) Sambhal; care.
• Kinkar (p) - Dut, Sevak; messenger.
• Avsar (p) - Samay, Same; opportunity.
• Kar (p) - Hath, Hast; hand.
• Sahasho - Pakadsho; to hold.
• Dushman (p) - Shatru, Ari; enemy.
• Dav (s) - Hak, Malikhi; right, stake.
• Osarvu - Pachha Hathvu; to recede.
• Avgun (p) - Dosh; fault.
• Vina - Vish; without.
• Nibhavvu - Chalavvu; to maintain.
• Rasik (p) - Premi; romantic.
• Madhurya - Mithash; sweetness.
• Alabel - Chetvani; warning.
• Kavan - Kavya-Nirman; composition of poetry.
• Marmik - Chotdar; ironic.
• Romanch (p) - Prem; romance.
• Prakruti (f) - Svabhav; nature.
• Sang (s) - Sath; companionship.
• Upay (p) - Rasto; remedy.
• Pankhyo - Avkaryo; to nourish.
• Matharvu - Samajpurvak Lakhvu; to repair and shape well.
• Parampara (f) - Ritarivaj; custom.
• Varanagi - Chhelbatau; foppery.
• Ansara (p) - Khyal; concept.
• Raji - Prasanna; pleased.
• Cheshtha (f) - Dekhav; gestures.
• Upeksha (f) - Avganana; neglect.
• Kshati (f) - Bhul; defect.
• Paramat (m) - Mahek; fragrance.

Exam Tip: Memorize the meanings of key vocabulary words from the lesson. This helps in understanding the text better and answering vocabulary-based questions accurately.