GSEB Class 11 Solutions Unit 9 Read 3 Drip Irrigation

Comprehension

Question. Label the components of a drip Irrigation plant.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक ड्रिप सिंचाई प्रणाली के विभिन्न घटकों को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक कुएँ या पानी के स्रोत से पानी खींचने वाला पंप, फिर पानी को फ़िल्टर करने के लिए सैंड फिल्टर और स्क्रीन फिल्टर जैसी इकाइयाँ शामिल हैं। पानी का दबाव मापने के लिए प्रेशर गेज और वितरण नियंत्रित करने के लिए विभिन्न वाल्व (जैसे बैक-वॉश वाल्व, बॉल वाल्व, फ्लश वाल्व) मौजूद हैं। एक वेंटुरी और सैंड सेपरेटर हाइड्रो-साइक्लोन भी प्रणाली का हिस्सा हैं, जो पानी के साथ-साथ पोषक तत्वों को वितरित करने में मदद करते हैं। मुख्य लाइन, सबमेन लाइन और लेटरल लाइनें पानी को खेत में पौधों तक पहुंचाती हैं, जहाँ से ड्रिपर/एमिटर के माध्यम से पानी टपकता है।

In simple words: This diagram illustrates a drip irrigation system, showing how water is drawn, filtered, pressurized, and delivered through a network of pipes and emitters directly to plant roots, ensuring efficient water and nutrient distribution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately labeling diagrams demonstrates a clear understanding of the system's components and their functions, which is key for scoring well in practical and theoretical exams.

 

Question 1. Why is different volume of water emitted according to the type of land?
Answer: Drip irrigation is suitable for most soil types, but the amount of water released varies based on the land's composition. For instance, on clay soils, water must be applied slowly to prevent pooling and runoff. Conversely, sandy soils require higher emitter discharge rates to ensure adequate lateral wetting of the soil, as water drains more quickly through them.

In simple words: Water flow in drip irrigation changes depending on soil type; clay soils need slow application to prevent runoff, while sandy soils need faster rates to ensure proper wetting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding how soil type influences irrigation rates is crucial for optimizing water use and preventing wastage, a common assessment point in environmental science questions.

 

Question 2. What is the role of control head In drip irrigation plant?
Answer: The pump unit draws water from its source and provides the necessary pressure for distribution throughout the pipe system. The control head contains valves that regulate both the discharge and pressure within the entire irrigation setup. Additionally, some control head units are equipped with a filter and a fertilizer or nutrient tank, which allows for the gradual release of a measured amount of fertilizer into the water during the irrigation process.

In simple words: The control head manages water flow and pressure in a drip irrigation system, often including filters and a tank to mix fertilizers with the water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explaining the control head's multifaceted role, especially its function in pressure regulation and nutrient injection, highlights a comprehensive grasp of drip irrigation mechanics.

 

Question 3. It the water for Irrigation is full of sediments, ... (Complete the sentence.)
Answer: If the water used for irrigation contains a significant amount of sediments, it is imperative to filter such water thoroughly.

In simple words: If irrigation water has a lot of dirt, it needs to be filtered.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests basic problem-solving in irrigation; emphasizing the necessity of filtration when water is dirty is a key point.

 

Question 4. Which are the most suitable crops and soil for drip irrigation?
Answer: Drip irrigation is highly suitable for row crops such as vegetables and soft fruits. Similarly, trees planted in rows and vine orchards also benefit significantly from drip irrigation. For plants grown in rows, one or more emitters can be allocated to each individual plant to optimize water delivery.

In simple words: Drip irrigation works best for crops in rows like vegetables, fruits, and vines, as each plant can get water directly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing specific crop types and explaining the benefit of targeted water delivery demonstrates practical application knowledge of drip irrigation.

 

Question 5. Why is It necessary to bury PVC pipe line?
Answer: PVC or polyethylene hoses used in drip irrigation should be buried underground. This is because if these pipes are left exposed to direct solar radiation, they can degrade and wear out quickly, reducing their lifespan and efficiency.

In simple words: PVC pipes are buried to protect them from the sun, which can make them wear out faster if left exposed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the impact of solar radiation on pipe durability is an important detail for understanding drip irrigation system maintenance and longevity.

 

Question 6. Complete the table :
Answer:

Irrigation	Advantages	Limitations
1. Conventional Irrigation	1. Requires no technical knowledge. 2. Involves less economic investment. 3. Irrigates a larger area. 4. Crops receive sufficient water.	1. Water wastage occurs due to seepage in drains. 2. Can lead to waterlogging problems. 3. Not suitable for all crop types and soil compositions. 4. Excess water can cause underground salts to rise to the surface. 5. Does not allow for a balanced supply of water.
Drip Irrigation	1. Water is delivered directly to plant roots in balanced quantities. 2. Saves 30-70 percent water and can irrigate three times more area with the same amount of water. 3. Weeds do not spread as water reaches only near plants. 4. Fertilizers and insecticides can be supplied along with water. 5. Crop production increases by 20-40 percent because plants get adequate air and water. 6. Requires fewer laborers for irrigation work. 7. Disease-causing bacteria do not grow due to dry atmosphere near plants.	1. This method is very expensive. 2. Requires specialized technical knowledge for successful operation. 3. In heavy soils, it can cause problems with water flow and blockages. 4. Not suitable for every crop.

In simple words: This table compares conventional and drip irrigation, highlighting that conventional methods are simple but waste water and can cause waterlogging, while drip irrigation saves water and boosts yield but is costly and needs technical skill.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing comparison tables, ensure each point is distinct and directly addresses the categories (Advantages/Limitations) for both methods to show a clear understanding.

 

Question 7. Which one would you select for your garden / farm – drip irrigation or conventional watering? Why?
Answer: I would certainly opt for drip irrigation for my garden or farm. Even though it might be expensive initially, I prioritize water conservation. This method eliminates the need to hire laborers for irrigation and saves me from the tedious work of weeding. Furthermore, drip irrigation allows for the direct application of fertilizers and insecticides through the pipelines, which helps achieve better results with fruits, flowers, and vegetables. Additionally, it helps keep plants free from bacteria. Given its numerous benefits over conventional irrigation, I would definitely choose drip irrigation.

In simple words: I would choose drip irrigation for my garden or farm because it saves water, reduces labor for weeding and irrigation, allows easy fertilizer application, and promotes healthier plants, despite its higher initial cost.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a choice between irrigation methods, focus on practical benefits like water efficiency, labor reduction, and improved crop health, as these demonstrate critical thinking and application of knowledge.

Additional Questions

Short Notes

Write a short note focussing on the questions:

Drip Irrigation
(1) What is drip irrigation ?
(2) How is water applied to the plant ?
(3) How does it work?
(4) What are the benefits of it?
(5) What is the main problem of this type of irrigation ?
(6) Why is drip irrigation better than other types of irrigation ?

 

Answer: Drip irrigation is a system that applies water at very low rates (typically 2-20 liters/hour) directly to the base of plants. It utilizes small-diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters. Unlike surface or sprinkler irrigation, this method only wets the soil area where roots grow, making it highly efficient. It is most suitable for row crops such as vegetables and soft fruits, as well as tree and vine orchards, where one or more emitters can be positioned for each plant. This system works well with most soils, including clay and sandy types, though proper filtration is essential to prevent emitter blockage, which is a common problem. The pump unit supplies pressurized water from the source to the pipe system, and a control head—equipped with valves, a filter, and often a fertilizer tank—regulates discharge and pressure while slowly adding nutrients during irrigation. Mainlines, submains, and laterals distribute water from the control head to the fields. This method avoids water wastage, ensures plants receive adequate moisture, and eliminates the need for additional fertilizer application systems. Furthermore, PVC or polyethylene hoses should be buried to protect them from solar radiation, which can cause premature wear and tear.

In simple words: Drip irrigation precisely delivers small amounts of water and nutrients directly to plant roots through emitters, saving water and promoting plant growth, but it requires careful setup and maintenance to prevent blockages.

🎯 Exam Tip: A comprehensive short note on drip irrigation should cover its definition, mechanism, advantages (water saving, nutrient delivery), disadvantages (cost, blockages), and suitability for various crops, demonstrating a complete understanding.

2. Reading Comprehension

Read the extract and answer the questions:

The pump unit takes water from the source and provides the right pressure for delivery into the pipe system. The control head consists of valves to control the discharge and pressure in the entire system. Some control head units contain a filter and fertilizer or nutrient tank. These slowly add a measured dose of fertilizer into the water during irrigation. This is one of the major advantages of drip irrigation over other methods.

Questions:
(1) What is the function of the pump unit in a drip system ?
(2) Explain one of the major advantages of drip irrigation.

 

Answer:
(1) The pump unit is responsible for drawing water from its source and ensuring it is delivered into the pipe system at the correct pressure.
(2) A significant advantage of drip irrigation is that some control head units integrate a filter along with a fertilizer or nutrient tank. This setup allows for the gradual and precise addition of fertilizers into the water during irrigation, combining watering and feeding into one efficient process.

In simple words: The pump pushes water from its source into the pipes at the right pressure, and a big benefit of drip irrigation is that it can add fertilizers directly into the water as it flows.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering comprehension questions, directly extract or concisely paraphrase information from the provided text to ensure accuracy and relevance.

 

Vocabulary

Question 1. Match the words of Column 'A' with their meanings in Column 'B':

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. countryside	A. loose earth
2. soil	B. releaser
3. patch	C. twist
4. buoy	D. rural regions
5. potent	E. small area
6. tangle	F. powerful
7. emitter	G. float

Answer:
(1 → D), (2 → A), (3 → E), (4 → G), (5→ F), (6 → C), (7→ B).

In simple words: This exercise matches words from Column A with their correct definitions or synonyms in Column B.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, carefully read each word and its potential matches, eliminating unlikely options to ensure accurate pairing.

 

Question 2. While reading the passage, you have come across the synonyms of the nine words listed below. Find out the actual words from the first paragraph of the passage.
Answer:
- small area - patch
- barren land - flats
- powerful - potent
- fluid - liquid
- dale - valley
- fruitful - fertile
- origin - source
- generated - caused
- a specialist on the earth's crust - geologist

In simple words: This answer identifies the exact words from the passage that are synonyms for the given descriptions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to context when identifying synonyms from a passage; sometimes, the best fit isn't the most obvious one, and the prompt might specify a particular paragraph.

 

Question 3. Antonyms are words with opposite meaning. They are often formed by using prefixes like in-, im-, il-, ir-, etc. as shown in the table. Underline the prefixes and write antonyms in the blanks:

Prefix	Word	Antonym
In-	Adequate	Inadequate
	Credible	Incredible
Im-	Possible	Impossible
	Mature	Immature
Il-	Legal	Illegal
	Logical	Illogical
Ir-	Regular	Irregular
	Responsible	Irresponsible
Il-	literate	illiterate
In-	active	inactive
Im-	partial	impartial
Ir-	relevant	irrelevant
In-	sufficient	insufficient
Il-	legible	illegible
In-	correct	incorrect
Im-	moral	immoral
Il-	legible	illegible
Ir-	rational	irrational
Im-	polite	impolite
Ir-	religious	irreligious

In simple words: This table shows how common prefixes like 'in-', 'im-', 'il-', and 'ir-' are used to form antonyms (opposite words) by attaching them to base words.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mastering common negative prefixes is a highly effective way to expand vocabulary and quickly determine the antonyms of many words.

 

Question 4. Find out the suitable words from the box and add them to the series of the words :

craved, landscape, lateral, proportion, potent, phenomenon, substantial, bouncing, splinter, emitters

(1) mighty, influential, powerful, potent
(2) wanted, desired, longed, craved
(3) panorama, scenery, environ, landscape
(4) fact, happening, incident, phenomenon
(5) considerable, sizable, large, substantial
(6) relation, balance, percentage, proportion
(7) rebounding, jumping, leaping, bouncing
(8) fall apart, fragment, piece, splinter
(9) marginal, skirting, sideways, lateral
(10) releasers, expellers, dispensers, emitters

In simple words: This task requires adding the most fitting word from a given list to complete various series of synonyms or related terms.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing word series, identify the common theme or nuance among the existing words to accurately select the most appropriate addition from the provided options.

 

Question 5. Frame a sentence using all the words given in the group:

(1) Farmers – large trees – to stop – soil erosion
Answer: Farmers should grow large trees to stop soil erosion.

 

(2) Water – useful – beautiful – countryside
Answer: Water is useful to make countryside beautiful.

 

(3) The rainwater – wash out – land - unfertile
Answer: The rainwater washes out land and makes it unfertile.

 

(4) The reflection – in the pond – tangled images
Answer: The reflection in the pond shows tangled images.

 

(5) Drip irrigation – dripping – emitters
Answer: Drip irrigation is the method of irrigation in which water keeps dripping through - emitters.

In simple words: This task involves constructing a grammatically correct sentence that incorporates all the specified words from a given group.

🎯 Exam Tip: To frame sentences effectively with multiple words, first identify the core subject and verb, then integrate the remaining words logically to create a coherent thought.

Function

1. Study the way the underlined conjunctions are used :

(a) We should grow more trees in order to stop soil erosion.
(b) We should grow more trees with a view to stopping soil erosion.
(c) We should grow more trees so that we can stop soil erosion.
(d) We should grow more trees in order that we can stop soil erosion.

 

2. Read the following sentences. Underline connectors with a straight line and expression or purpose with a zigzag line:

(1) I went to market in order to buy some books.
(2) My teacher called my papa so that they could discuss about my result.
(3) He came to my house with a view to meeting my papa.
(4) I always use bicycle in order that I can save money.
(5) The people of our mohalla got together in order that that could resolve the issue.

Now, find purpose, action and connector from these sentences:

Sentence No.	Purpose	Action	Connector
1.	buy some books	I went to market	in order to
2.	discuss about my result	My teacher called my papa	so that
3.	meet my papa	He came to my house	with a view to
4.	I can save money	I always use bicycle	in order that
5.	resolve the issue	The people of our mohalla got together	in order that

In simple words: This table breaks down sentences to show their main action, the purpose behind that action, and the specific connector phrase used to link them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the purpose, action, and connector helps in understanding sentence structure and the logical flow of ideas, which is vital for both comprehension and composition.

 

3. Identify the phrases as purpose (P), action (A) and connector (C). Put the letter in the blank and frame 15 sentences using P, A and C in proper order:

A people move to urban areas, C in order to P click some photographs, A he took out his camera, P buy good saris, A we should celebrate all festivals in the school, C so that, C with a 'view to, A go for walk, P students know the traditions, A they went to Surat, C in order that,
A I have stared waking up early, earn livelihood.

Example: They went to Surat in order to jbuy good saris.
Answer:
Sentences made using the above mentioned phrases :
(1) People move to urban areas in order to earn livelihood.
(2) He took out his camera in order to click some photographs.
(3) They went to Surat in order that they could buy good saris.
(4) We should celebrate all festivals in the school so that students know the traditions.
(5) We go for a walk with a view to taking exercise.
(6) I have started waking up early in order that I could have time for 'Yoga'.
(7) People move to urban areas to have more luxuries of their living.
(8) He took out his camera so that he can have a quick snap of a jumping dolphin.
(9) You will have to pay more in order to buy good saris.
(10) We should celebrate festivals in our school so that students may not be deprived of their culture and civilization.
(11) We go for a walk with a view to recreating ourselves after fatigue.
(12) They went to Surat in order to attend an important conference.
(13) I have started waking up early so that I can have more time for my studies.
(14) People move to urban areas so that they could keep away from hard work in fields.
(15) They went to Surat with a view to giving personal invitation to an important person.

In simple words: This task involved creating sentences by correctly combining given actions, purposes, and connectors to show the reason behind each action.

🎯 Exam Tip: When constructing sentences with purpose clauses, ensure the connector (e.g., in order to, so that, with a view to) logically links the action to its intended outcome, demonstrating clear cause-and-effect relationships.

 

4. Read the following questions and its answers :

(1) Why should we get minimum hard copies ?
We should get minimum hard copies to save paper.

This question can be answered these ways also :
(a) We should get minimum hard copies in order to save paper.
(b) We should get minimum hard copies so that we can save paper.
(c) We should get minimum hard copies in order that we can save paper.
(d) We should get minimum hard copies with a view to saving paper.

Now complete the following sentences:

(2) Why should we recharge wells and construct check dams ?
We should recharge wells and construct check dams to solve the problem of water permanently.

(a) We should recharge wells and construct check dams In order to solve the problem of water permanently..
(b) We should recharge wells and construct check dams with a view to solving the problem of water permanently.
(c) We should recharge wells and construct check dams so that we can solve the problem of water permanently.
(d) We should recharge wells and construct check dams in order that we can solve the problem of water permanently.,.

In simple words: This section demonstrates different ways to express purpose using connectors like "in order to," "so that," "in order that," and "with a view to" when answering "why" questions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding various purpose clauses allows for diverse and sophisticated sentence construction, showing flexibility in expressing reasons and objectives.

 

5. Answer these questions using the / connectors given in the brackets:

Question 1. Why are you buying this English book ? (with a view to)
Answer: I am buying this English book with a view to preparing for my IELTS Exam.

In simple words: I am purchasing this English book specifically for IELTS exam preparation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "with a view to," remember it's followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to express the purpose or intention.

 

Question 2. What should we do to learn computer skills ? (so that)
Answer: We should learn computer skills so that we can get a good job in the computer field.

In simple words: We need to learn computer skills to secure a good job in the tech industry.

🎯 Exam Tip: The connector "so that" introduces a clause stating the purpose or result, and it is typically followed by a subject and a modal verb (can/could, may/might).

 

Question 3. Why do we keep our food in fridge ? (in order to)
Answer: We keep our food in fridge in order to keep it cold and bacteria-free.

In simple words: Food is kept in the fridge to stay cold and prevent bacteria from growing.

🎯 Exam Tip: "In order to" is used to specify the purpose of an action and is typically followed by the base form of a verb.

 

Question 4. What do you do to keep your body fit? (in order that)
Answer: I do 'Yoga' and 'Pranayam' in order that I can keep my body fit.

In simple words: I practice Yoga and Pranayam to maintain my physical fitness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Similar to "so that," "in order that" introduces a purpose clause often followed by a subject and a modal verb, providing a more formal tone.

 

Question 5. Why are you borrowing money from me ? (so that)
Answer: I am borrowing money from you so that I can pay for my fees.

In simple words: I need to borrow money from you to cover my fees.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "so that" to explain a reason, ensure the subsequent clause clearly states the intended outcome or purpose of the action.

 

6. Now answer the following questions using the words in the brackets:

Question 1. Why do we eat? (to live)
Answer:
1. We eat in order that we can live.
2. We eat so that we can live.
3. We eat with a view to living.

In simple words: We eat to stay alive and sustain ourselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Multiple conjunctions can express purpose; choosing the most appropriate one depends on desired formality and grammatical structure (e.g., infinitive, gerund, or clause).

 

Question 2. Why do we use navigator while travelling ? (find destination)
Answer:
1. We use navigator while travelling so that we can find destination.
2. We use navigator while travelling with a view to finding destination.
3. We use navigator while travelling in order that we can find an easy way to an unknown destination.

In simple words: We use a navigator when traveling to locate our destination and find the easiest route.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the utility of a tool, use purpose clauses that clearly articulate how the tool helps achieve the desired outcome, demonstrating its practical value.

 

7. Ask questions using 'why': (One has been done for you.)

Question 1. You should sleep well so that you can write your exam very well.
Answer: Why should you sleep well ?

In simple words: The question asks for the reason behind the recommendation to sleep well.

🎯 Exam Tip: To formulate a 'why' question from a statement of purpose, identify the action being performed and ask why that action is necessary or recommended.

 

Question 2. He was extra polite to his superiors to avoid adverse comments into his records.
Answer: Why was he extra polite to his superiors ?

In simple words: The question seeks to understand the motivation for his excessive politeness towards superiors.

🎯 Exam Tip: When extracting a 'why' question from a sentence, ensure the question verb tense and subject match the original statement to maintain grammatical accuracy.

 

Question 3. He was invited to the function in order to show him how wonderfully this function has been organized.
Answer: Why was he invited to the function ?

In simple words: This question asks for the specific reason behind his invitation to the event.

🎯 Exam Tip: Formulating a 'why' question requires identifying the main action and then asking for the underlying reason or purpose, effectively reversing the statement's structure.

 

Question 4. Let us go now so that we can catch the train.
Answer: Why should we go now ?

In simple words: The question asks for the urgency or reason for departing immediately.

🎯 Exam Tip: When transforming a purpose statement into a 'why' question, simplify the phrasing while retaining the core inquiry about the action's motive.

Question 5.(so that students could enhance, in order to, in order that students could be enhanced)
Answer: The Board introduced a language laboratory with a view to enhancing students' proficiency in the language.
In simple words: To improve students' language skills, the school board established a language lab.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the nuances of different purpose clauses (with a view to, in order to, so that) to choose the most appropriate one for a given context.

Question 9.Here is a list of some foreigners, either rulers or travellers, who came to India. The column at right shows their intention. Match them properly and frame sentences showing their purpose for coming to India. Frame your answers in four different ways:

The Dutch East India Company	to exchange with the spices they traded in the East Indies
Xuanzang	to get complete interpretation of the Buddhist texts
The East India Company	to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas
The Parsis	to settle
Vasco da Gama	to find new sea routes

Answer:
1. (1) The Dutch East India Company arrived in India to facilitate trade and exchange spices with the East Indies.
(2) The Dutch East India Company came to India in order to exchange with the spices they traded in the East Indies.
(3) The Dutch East India Company came to India with a view to exchanging with the spices they traded in the East Indies.
(4) The Dutch East India Company came to India so that they could exchange with the spices they traded in the East Indies.
2. (1) Xuanzang came to India to obtain a comprehensive interpretation of the Buddhist texts.
(2) Xuanzang came to India in order to get complete interpretation of the Buddhist texts.
(3) Xuanzang came to India with a view to getting complete interpretation of the Buddhist texts.
(4) Xuanzang came to India so that he could get complete interpretation of the Buddhist texts.
3. (1) The East India Company arrived in India to establish residence and construct factories in Surat and various other regions.
(2) The East India Company came to India in order to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas.
(3) The East India Company came to India with a view to residing and building factories in Surat and other areas.
(4) The East India Company came to India so that they could reside and build factories in Surat and other areas.
4. (1) The Parsis migrated to India to establish a permanent settlement.
(2) The Parsis came to India in order to settle here.
(3) The Parsis came to India with a view to settling here.
(4) The Parsis came to India so that they could settle here.
5. (1) Vasco da Gama arrived in India to discover new maritime routes.
(2) Vasco da Gama came to India in order to find new sea routes.
(3) Vasco da Gama came to India with a view to finding new sea routes.
(4) Vasco da Gama came to India so that he could find new sea routes.
In simple words: This exercise demonstrates different ways to express the purpose behind historical figures and entities coming to India, using various connective phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice using "in order to," "with a view to," and "so that" interchangeably to express purpose, as mastering these phrases enhances sentence variety and grammatical precision.

Question 10.Answer the following questions using In order to / with a view to / so that / in order that:

Question 1.Why do you read?
Answer: I read with a view to obtaining good marks in the exam.
In simple words: I read to score well on the test.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering "why" questions, use precise purpose clauses to clearly state the reason or goal.

Question 2.Why do you go on tour?
Answer: We go on tour in order to see new places and meet new people.
In simple words: We travel to experience new locations and interact with different individuals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your purpose clause directly answers "why" the action is performed, providing a logical connection.

Question 3.Why did Ghazni come to Somnath?
Answer: Ghazni came to Somnath in order to plunder its wealth.
In simple words: Ghazni visited Somnath to loot its riches.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical "why" questions require accurate historical reasons. Use specific verbs like "plunder" for clarity.

Question 4.Why should we do exercise?
Answer: We should do exercise in order that we can maintain our fitness.
In simple words: Exercising helps us stay healthy and fit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use formal purpose clauses like "in order that" when providing explanations for general well-being or rules.

Question 5.Why should we drink boiled water?
Answer: We should drink boiled water so that we can protect ourselves from harmful bacteria.
In simple words: Drinking boiled water ensures our safety from germs.

🎯 Exam Tip: For safety or health-related questions, ensure the purpose clearly outlines the protective benefit.

Activity

Question 1.Imagine that you are travelling by a public vehicle. There are a few passengers in it. It's the rainy season. There are showers of rain. It's about 11 pm. Suddenly, your vehicle stops. After repeated attempts of the driver, it does not start. What will be your feelings? What will you do? How will you reach your destination? How will you help your fellow passengers and driver? Write about your feelings and experience.
Answer: If my public vehicle breaks down at 11 p.m. during the rainy season with other passengers, finding assistance would be challenging. I would prioritize contacting the public transport agency via cellphone to request a standby vehicle for our onward journey. Beyond my own concerns, I would also try to assist my fellow passengers and the driver. If the driver expresses helplessness, I would reassure him and calm any agitated passengers, reminding them that the breakdown isn't his fault. Assuming the transport agency confirms a replacement vehicle is en route, we would wait. To keep spirits up during the wait, I would suggest we all step out of the bus to enjoy the moonlight and perhaps initiate a group singing session of old film-songs, encouraging everyone to join in and share their talents to make the wait more enjoyable. The goal would be to turn a potentially frustrating two-hour delay into a memorable experience for everyone involved.
In simple words: If my bus breaks down at night in the rain, I'd first call for help. Then, I'd try to keep everyone calm and entertained by suggesting activities like singing to pass the time until a new vehicle arrives.

🎯 Exam Tip: For scenario-based questions, demonstrate empathy, problem-solving skills, and leadership qualities in your response. Structure your answer to address all parts of the prompt clearly.

Question 2.Collect and fill in the following form: opening of bank account, deposit of money, DD form, railway reservation, online application form [Note: Student will collect these forms themselves and try to fill in the details in them. If needed, they can take help of their friends, parents or teacher.]
In simple words: This activity involves practical experience in collecting and filling out various common official forms, encouraging self-learning and seeking help when necessary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practical application exercises like this help bridge theoretical knowledge with real-world tasks, reinforcing understanding and improving civic literacy.

Question 3.You are going out of station for 10 days. There is nobody to water your plants. Find out the way to do so. Here is one example.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक सरल ड्रिप सिंचाई प्रणाली को दर्शाता है जो घर के पौधों को पानी देने के लिए उपयोग की जाती है। इसमें एक बोतल से जुड़ी एक ट्यूब के माध्यम से पानी की बूंदें धीरे-धीरे पौधे के गमले में रिस रही हैं, जिससे अनुपस्थिति के दौरान भी पौधे को लगातार नमी मिलती रहे। Write an email to your friend about this technique without sending this picture. Tell him / her what to do and how will it help the plant.
Answer:To: harekrishna@vansali.comSubject: Watering the plants in our absence Dear Krishna, I'm writing because I'm heading out of station for ten days, and I've found a clever way to ensure our backyard plants don't wither without water. I've set up a small, homemade drip irrigation system. What I did was arrange all the plant pots in a row and ran a PVC pipe along them, attaching it to approximately eight pots. For each pot, I've secured the pipe and installed an emitter. This lateral pipe is then connected to the main waterline. The key is a timer, much like the one in a washing machine, which I've set to allow water to flow from the main line to the lateral pipe for just half an hour each morning. Since the emitters are quite small, about 0.2 mm, the water flow will be just enough, preventing overwatering while ensuring consistent hydration. This method should keep our plants healthy while we're away! Affectionately yours, Manthan Joshi.
In simple words: Manthan explains how he set up a timed drip irrigation system using PVC pipes and emitters to water his plants automatically while he is away, ensuring they receive just the right amount of water.

🎯 Exam Tip: For email writing tasks, remember to include a clear subject line, appropriate salutation and closing, and organize your information logically to convey the message effectively.

Activity

Question 1.A town is facing acute shortage of water. The government authorities have sanctioned to build a pond for meeting their needs. The only location available for such construction is the garden. Therefore the sarpanch decides to use it. The women of the village welcome the decision. But the children and the senior citizens disagree. This playground is the only place they have for recreation. If they do not come to a decision, the government will cancel the plan. A town meeting is called to solve the issue. Form groups of 7 each. Take up the roles of women, children, senior citizens and sarpanch and come to a decision. You have 20 minutes. The 'Sarpanch' in each group shares the group's decisions to the class at the end.
In simple words: This is a group activity simulating a town meeting to resolve a conflict between the need for a water pond and preserving a playground, requiring participants to role-play and negotiate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Role-playing activities develop critical thinking, negotiation, and communication skills. Focus on presenting a balanced argument that considers all stakeholders' perspectives.

Question 2.List words related to water. (Think of different areas and variety.) e.g., fish, tap, evaporation, lotus, Sarita.
In simple words: This activity prompts you to brainstorm and list various words associated with water, covering diverse contexts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Expanding vocabulary through exercises like word association enhances descriptive writing and comprehension skills.

Question 3.Run a 'Save Water' campaign. Divide into groups of equal number. Discuss what activities for community can be done. Discuss what people and government can do and resolution for yourself. Record them in the table below:

Suggestions to the Government

Suggestions to the people

Resolution for myself

Report your discussion to the class. Play word association game with your friends, family and teachers. Say 'water' and ask them to give the word that comes to their mind immediately. [Note: To be done by the students.]
In simple words: This activity encourages students to collaboratively plan a 'Save Water' campaign, suggesting actions for government and individuals, making personal commitments, and engaging in a word association game.

🎯 Exam Tip: Collaborative projects like campaign planning foster teamwork and raise awareness about important social issues. Articulating personal resolutions demonstrates commitment.

Drip Irrigation Summary in Gujarati

ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિમાં નાના વેહવાળી પ્લાસ્ટિકની પાઇપમાં નાનાં નાનાં કાણાં પાડેલાં હોય છે. આ કાણાંમાંથી ધીમે ધીમે ટપકતું પાણી છેક છોડના મૂળ સુધી પહોંચે છે અને છોડને જરૂરી એવા ભેજનું યોગ્ય પ્રમાણ માટીમાં જળવાઈ રહે છે. શાકભાજી, ફળો, વેલીઓ (દ્રાક્ષ વગેરે) માટે આ પદ્ધતિ વધારે ઉપયોગી છે.

જોકે આ પદ્ધતિની ગોઠવણીમાં ખર્ચ ઘણો વધારે થાય છે. આ પદ્ધતિમાં પાળાઓને સમાંતર પાઇપ્સ ગોઠવવામાં આવે છે અને કોઈ પણ પ્રકારની જમીન માટે આ પદ્ધતિ અનુકૂળ છે. આ પદ્ધતિની મર્યાદા એ છે કે પાઇપમાંથી પાણી નીકળવાનાં કાણાં પાણીમાં આવતા કચરાને લીધે વારંવાર ભરાઈ જાય છે. તેથી સિંચાઈનું પાણી કચરો ગળાઈને પછી પાઇપમાં જાય તે જરૂરી છે.

આ પદ્ધતિમાં એક પંપ યુનિટ ગોઠવવામાં આવે છે. જે સ્રોતમાંથી પાણી ઉઠાવી ખૂબ જ દબાણપૂર્વક ખેતરમાં દૂર સુધી પહોંચાડે છે. કેટલાક પંપ યુનિટ સાથે ફિલ્ટર, ખાતર કે છોડ સુધી પહોંચાડવા અન્ય પોષક તત્ત્વોની ટાંકીઓ જોડેલી હોય છે.

તેથી પાણી સાથે ખાતર, જંતુનાશક દવા તથા છોડના વિકાસ માટે જરૂરી અન્ય પોષક દ્રવ્યો પણ છોડના મૂળ સુધી પહોંચાડી શકાય. મુખ્ય લાઇન, પેટાલાઇન અને છેક છોડના મૂળ સુધી પહોંચતી પાઇપલાઇન પી.વી.સી. કે પૉલિઇથીલિનની બનેલી હોય છે. આ પાઇપ્સ ઝડપથી ફાટી જતી કે બગડી જતી અટકાવવા તેમને જમીનની અંદર દાટવામાં આવે છે.

સિંચાઈ દરમિયાન આ (બધાં) ધીરે ધીરે નિયત માત્રામાં પાણી સાથે ઉમેરાય છે. અન્ય (સિંચાઈની) ." પદ્ધતિઓ કરતાં ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિનો આ મોટામાં મોટો લાભ છે.

નિયંત્રણ એકમથી મુખ્ય, પેટા તથા છોડની બાજુમાં આપેલી – (પાઇપ)લાઇનથી પાણી પૂરું પાડવામાં આવે છે. આ (પાઇપલાઇન) સામાન્ય રીતે પી.વી.સી. કે પૉલિઇથીલિનથી બનાવેલી હોય છે (અને) સૂર્યના સીધા તડકામાં તે (તૂટી જાય) બિનઉપયોગી થઈ ન જાય એ માટે તેને જમીનની અંદર દાટવામાં આવે છે.

છોડની બાજુમાં નાખવામાં આવેલી) પાઇપ સામાન્ય રીતે 13થી 32 મિલિમીટરનો વેહ ધરાવતી હોય છે. આ છોડની બાજુમાં દબાવેલી પાઇપમાંથી નીકળતા પાણીને નિયંત્રિત કરવા પાઇપમાં છિદ્રો પાડવામાં આવે છે.

Glossary (શબ્દાર્થ)

drip irrigation (n.) (ડ્રિપ ઇરિગેશન) watering plants by allowing drops, trickle irrigation - ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ

diameter (n.) (ડાયામીટર) thickness or width - જાડાઈ કે પહોળાઈ

outlet (n.) (આઉટલેટ) a passage for escape - બહાર નીકળવાનો માર્ગ

emitter (n.) (એમિટર) (here) small holes to let the water out - (અહીં) (ટપકાં સ્વરૂપે) પાણી બહાર નીકળવાનાં કાણાં

wetted (p.p.) (વેટેડ) soaked with water - પાણીથી ભીનું કરેલું

sprinkler irrigation (n.) (સ્પ્રિંક્લર ઇરિગેશન) watering crops by scattering water in drops - છંટકાવ સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ

water application (n.) (વૉટર ઍપ્લિકેશન) (here) providing water - (અહીં) પાકને પાણી પાવું તે

frequent (n.) (ફ્રિક્વન્ટ) occurring quite often or at close intervals - વારંવાર થતું કે નજીકના સમયગાળે થતું

favourable (adj.) (ફેવરેબલ) advantageous - લાભપ્રદ, ફાયદાકારક

moisture level (n.) (મોઈશ્વર લેવલ) degree of wetness - ભેજની કક્ષા

flourish (v.) (ફ્લરિશ) develop, grow - વિકસવું, ઉગવું

vine orchards (n.) (વાઇન ઓર્ચાર્ડ્સ) area where vines (of grapes, etc.) are cultivated - દ્રાક્ષ જેવા ફળો માટે વેલીઓ ઉગાડાતી હોય તેવી જમીન, વિસ્તાર, વાડી વગેરે (દ્રાક્ષની વાડી)

capital cost (n.) (કેપિટલ કોસ્ટ) the opportunity cost of the funds employed as the result of an investment decision - ધંધો કરવા જરૂર પડતી મૂડીનો ખર્ચ, મૂડીગત ખર્ચ

install (v.) (ઇન્સ્ટૉલ) set in a particular position - સ્થાપવું, બેસાડવું, ગોઠવવું

contour line (n.) (કૉન્ટૂર લાઇન) (here) a line connecting points of equal elevation, curve - (અહીં) ખેતરમાં કરવામાં આવતા પાળા, ઢાળા

lay (v.) (laid-p.p.) (લે) (એઝ) place or set down - ગોઠવવું, પાથરવું

clay soil (n.) (ક્લે સોઈલ) soil in hard lumps and sticky when wet - સૂકાતાં ગઠ્ઠા થઈ જાય અને પલળતાં ચીકણી બની જાય તેવી માટી

ponding (n.) (પૉન્ડિંગ) (here) accumulation of water - (અહીં) (એક જગ્યાએ) પાણી ભરાઈ રહેવું તે

run off (v.) (રન ઑફ) (here) flow away - વહી જવું તે

sandy soil (n.) (સૅન્ડી સોઈલ) soil with too much sand - રેતાળ જમીન

adequate (adj.) (ઍડિક્વટ) sufficient - પૂરતા પ્રમાણમાં

lateral (adj.) (લૅટરલ) of, at, to or from the side - બાજુ પરનું

blockage (n.) (બ્લૉકેજ) an obstruction - અવરોધ, રૂકાવટ

sediments (n.) (સેડિમન્ટ્સ) material (fragments) that settles to the bottom of a liquid - પ્રવાહીને તળિયે બેઠેલા પદાર્થના કણો

filtration (n.) (ફિલ્ટ્રેશન) act of filtering - ગાળણ (પ્રક્રિયા)

discharge (n.) (ડિસ્ચાર્જ) release, pour forth - આગળ થવું

nutrient (adj.) (ન્યૂટ્રિન્ટ) a source of nourishment - પોષક

dose (n.) (ડોઝ) a quantity of medicine to be taken at one time - દવાની એક વખતની માત્રા

polyethylene (n.) (પૉલિઇથિલિન) a synthetic resin of which plastic containers are made - પાણીની ટાંકી, ડોલ, ટબ, પાણીની પાઈપ વગેરે બનાવવા વપરાતું પ્લાસ્ટિક બનાવવાનું દ્રવ્ય

hose (n.) (હૉઝ) a flexible tube - પાણી લઈ જવા વપરાતી પાઈપ

solar radiation (n.) (સોલર રેડિએશન) energy radiated from the sun - સૌર કિરણોત્સર્ગ

Phrases And Idioms

wear out (વેર આઉટ) become unusable through long use - લાંબા વપરાશ બાદ નકામું (બિનઉપયોગી) થઈ જવું, ઘસાઈ જવું

ભાષાંતર

ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ એટલે એવું એક તંત્ર જેમાં 'એમિટર' નામે ઓળખાતા) પ્રસરણછિદ્રો ધરાવતી નાના વેહવાળી પ્લાસ્ટિકની પાઇપો દ્વારા અત્યંત ઓછી (2થી 20 લિટર { કલાક) માત્રામાં જમીન પર પાણી ટપકે છે. જમીનની સપાટી પરની અને છંટકાવ સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ કે જેમાં સમગ્ર જમીન પલાળવાની થાય છે તેનાથી ઊલટું, ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિમાં છોડને અડીને પાણી પાવામાં આવે છે જેમાં (માત્ર) છોડનાં મૂળ (જ) પલળે.

અન્ય પદ્ધતિઓની સરખામણીએ ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિમાં ઘણી વધારે વાર (સામાન્ય રીતે દર 1થી 3 દિવસે) પાણી પાવામાં આવે છે, જેથી માટીમાં (જમીનમાં) ભેજનું પ્રમાણ સાનુકૂળ રીતે સવિશેષ રહી શકે અને છોડ સારી રીતે વિકસી શકે.

ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ એ હારમાં ઉગાડવામાં આવતા પાક (શાકભાજી, ફળો) તેમજ વૃક્ષ અને વેલીઓની વાડીઓ માટે ખૂબ જ યોગ્ય છે કે જ્યાં દરેક છોડ માટે એક કે વધુ છિદ્રો દ્વારા પાણી પાઈ શકાય. સામાન્ય રીતે ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ બેસાડવા ઊંચું મૂડીરોકાણ થતું હોવાથી ઊંચા મૂલ્ય ધરાવતા પાક માટે જ (તેને બેસાડવાનું) ગણતરીમાં લેવામાં આવે છે.

સામાન્ય રીતે પાળા (કે ઢાળા) ઉપર જ પાકની વાવણી થાય છે અને પાળાને સમાંતર જ પાણી પુરવઠાની પાઇપ નાખવામાં આવે છે. મોટા ભાગના જમીનપ્રકારોમાં ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિ અનુકૂળ છે. માત્ર ચીકણી જમીનમાં પાણી ધીમેથી પાવામાં આવે છે. જેથી સપાટી પર પાણીનો ભરાવો કે પાણીને દૂર જતું રહેતું રોકી શકાય. રેતાળ જમીનમાં માટીમાં (છોડની) બાજુ પર પૂરતો ભેજ જાળવી રાખવા મોટાં કાણાંવાળી પાઇપથી પાણી પાવું જરૂરી બનશે.

ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિની મોટામાં મોટી સમસ્યા છે (પાઇપનાં) કાણાં પુરાઈ જવાં. જો પાણી સ્વચ્છ ન હોય, તો 0.2થી 2.0 મિલિમીટર, પહોળાઈ ધરાવતાં (પાઇપનાં) ખૂબ જ નાનાં કાણાં પુરાઈ જાય છે. આમ સિંચાઈના પાણીને કચરામુક્ત રાખવું આવશ્યક છે. જો આમ ન હોય, તો સિંચાઈના પાણીને ગાળવું જરૂરી બની જાય. તે કેવી રીતે કામ કરે છે?

પંપ એકમ સ્રોતમાંથી પાણી ખેંચે છે અને તેને પાઇપ દ્વારા (છોડ સુધી) પહોંચાડવા યોગ્ય દબાણ આપે છે. નિયંત્રણ એકમમાં સમગ્ર વ્યવસ્થામાં પાણી છોડવા અને (યોગ્ય) દબાણ નિયંત્રિત કરવા વાલ્વ હોય છે. કેટલાંક નિયંત્રણ એકમોમાં ગળણી (તેમજ) ખાતર (તથા અન્ય) પોષક દ્રવ્યો માટે ટાંકી હોય છે.

સિંચાઈ દરમિયાન આ (બધાં) ધીરે ધીરે નિયત માત્રામાં પાણી સાથે ઉમેરાય છે. અન્ય (સિંચાઈની) ." પદ્ધતિઓ કરતાં ટપક સિંચાઈ પદ્ધતિનો આ મોટામાં મોટો લાભ છે.

નિયંત્રણ એકમથી મુખ્ય, પેટા તથા છોડની બાજુમાં આપેલી – (પાઇપ)લાઇનથી પાણી પૂરું પાડવામાં આવે છે. આ (પાઇપલાઇન) સામાન્ય રીતે પી.વી.સી. કે પૉલિઇથીલિનથી બનાવેલી હોય છે (અને) સૂર્યના સીધા તડકામાં તે (તૂટી જાય) બિનઉપયોગી થઈ ન જાય એ માટે તેને જમીનની અંદર દાટવામાં આવે છે.

છોડની બાજુમાં નાખવામાં આવેલી) પાઇપ સામાન્ય રીતે 13થી 32 મિલિમીટરનો વેહ ધરાવતી હોય છે. આ છોડની બાજુમાં દબાવેલી પાઇપમાંથી નીકળતા પાણીને નિયંત્રિત કરવા પાઇપમાં છિદ્રો પાડવામાં આવે છે.