GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 6 काष्ठखण्डः

1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:

Question 1. जलप्रवाहे गुरुः शिष्यं किं दर्शयति?
(a) पाषाणखण्डम्
(b) काष्ठखण्डम्
(c) काञ्चनम्
(d) गमनमार्गम्
Answer: (b) काष्ठखण्डम्
In simple words: गुरु ने पानी के बहाव में शिष्य को क्या दिखाया? उत्तर है एक लकड़ी का टुकड़ा।

Exam Tip: For Sanskrit MCQs, understand the core meaning of the question and each option to select the correct answer.

Question 2. वयं सर्वे मानवाः कीदृशाः इव स्मः?
(a) जलम् इव
(b) नदी इव
(c) विना इव
(d) काष्ठखण्डा इव
Answer: (d) काष्ठखण्डा इव
In simple words: हम सभी मनुष्य कैसे हैं? हम लकड़ी के टुकड़ों की तरह हैं।

Exam Tip: Relate the question to the central metaphor or theme of the chapter to find the right comparison.

Question 3. सामाजिको व्यवहारः कुत्र अपेक्षितो भवति?
(a) सुखे
(b) शुभप्रसने
(c) सर्वत्र
(d) अतिदुःखे
Answer: (c) सर्वत्र
In simple words: सामाजिक व्यवहार की उम्मीद कहाँ की जाती है? सभी जगहों पर इसकी अपेक्षा होती है।

Exam Tip: Think broadly about where social conduct is appropriate; it is a universal expectation.

Question 4. केषां जनानां प्रगतिः बाधिता भवति?
(a) भयग्रस्तानाम्
(b) व्यसनिजनानाम्
(c) व्यावहारिकानाम्
(d) शिष्यजनानाम्
Answer: (b) व्यसनिजनानाम्
In simple words: किन लोगों की प्रगति रुक जाती है? व्यसनी लोगों की प्रगति रुक जाती है।

Exam Tip: Recall the lessons about various obstacles to human progress, with addiction being a key one.

Question 5. गुरू: "..........." सह उपविष्टः आसीत्।
(a) शिष्ये
(b) शिष्येण
(c) शिष्यस्य
(d) शिष्यम
Answer: (b) शिष्येण
In simple words: गुरु किसके साथ बैठे थे? गुरु शिष्य के साथ बैठे थे।

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the case endings in Sanskrit. 'शिष्येण' is the instrumental case, meaning 'with the disciple'.

Question 6. "........." प्रतिमुखत्वम् एव नदीजलवियोगः।
(a) परिवारात्
(b) संसारात्
(c) व्यवहारात्
(d) प्रवाहात्
Answer: (a) परिवारात्
In simple words: नदी के पानी से अलग होना ही किससे विमुख होना है? परिवार से विमुख होना है।

Exam Tip: This question relates to the metaphors used in the chapter where the river represents life and its elements symbolize parts of it.

Question 7. आहारादयः "..........." भवन्ति।
(a) सेवनीयाः
(b) सेवनीयः
(c) सेवनीयो
(d) सेवनीयम्
Answer: (a) सेवनीयाः
In simple words: भोजन आदि क्या होने चाहिए? वे सेवनीय होने चाहिए।

Exam Tip: Remember the grammatical agreement between the subject (आहारादयः - plural) and the predicate (सेवनीयाः - plural feminine adjective).

Question 8. सामाजिको व्यवहारः शक्तिमनतिक्रम्य न ".........”
(a) भवेताम्
(b) भवेयुः
(c) भवेत्
(d) भवेयम्
Answer: (c) भवेत्
In simple words: सामाजिक व्यवहार अपनी शक्ति से ज़्यादा नहीं होना चाहिए। यहाँ 'भवेत्' क्रिया का उचित रूप है।

Exam Tip: Understand the grammatical context and verb forms (विधिलिंग लकार, एकवचन) required for the sentence's meaning.

Question 9. गमनमार्गे .......... विघ्नाः भवन्ति।
(a) एकः
(b) सप्त
(c) त्रयः
(d) चत्वारः
Answer: (d) चत्वारः
In simple words: रास्ते में कितने अवरोध होते हैं? चार अवरोध होते हैं।

Exam Tip: Recall the specific number of obstacles mentioned in the lesson regarding the journey of life.

2. Answer in one Sanskrit sentence:

Question 1. गुरुः कुत्र वर्तमानः आसीत्?
Answer: गुरुः गङ्गातीरे वर्तमानः आसीत्।
In simple words: गुरु कहाँ बैठे थे? गुरु गंगा नदी के किनारे बैठे थे।

Exam Tip: For short answer questions, provide direct and concise responses based on the chapter's content.

Question 2. गुरुः कम् उपदिशति?
Answer: गुरुः शिष्यम् उपदिशति।
In simple words: गुरु किसको उपदेश देते हैं? गुरु शिष्य को उपदेश देते हैं।

Exam Tip: Identify the object of the verb in the question to formulate the correct answer in Sanskrit.

Question 3. प्रवाहरूपे परिवारे किं वहति?
Answer: प्रवाहरूपे परिवारे स्नेहरूप जलं वहति।
In simple words: धारा रूपी परिवार में क्या बहता है? प्रेम रूपी जल बहता है।

Exam Tip: Understand the metaphors used; here, the flow of the river is compared to the family, and the water to love.

Question 4. कीदृशाः जनाः एकस्मिन् स्थाने भ्रमन्ति?
Answer: व्यसनेषु पतिताः जनाः एकस्मिन् स्थाने भ्रमन्ति।
In simple words: किस प्रकार के लोग एक ही जगह पर घूमते रहते हैं? जो लोग व्यसनों में फंसे होते हैं, वे एक ही जगह पर घूमते रहते हैं।

Exam Tip: Connect the idea of being stuck in one place with the concept of being trapped by bad habits.

Question 5. विघ्नरहिताः जनाः कीदृशं समुद्रं प्राप्नुवन्ति?
Answer: विघ्नरहिताः जनाः ज्ञानेन सुखेन च पूर्णम् आनन्दमयं संसारसमुद्रं प्राप्नुवन्ति।
In simple words: बाधाओं से रहित लोग किस प्रकार का सागर पाते हैं? वे ज्ञान और सुख से भरपूर, आनंदमय संसार-सागर पाते हैं।

Exam Tip: Focus on the positive outcome for those who overcome obstacles, emphasizing knowledge, happiness, and joy.

3. Name the type of the following कृदन्तः।

1. आगन्तुम् – हेत्वर्थक धातुसाधित तुमन्त अव्ययम।
2. अतिक्रम्य – सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्तम् (ल्यबन्त अव्यय)।
3. करणीयाः – विध्यर्थ कर्मणि कृदन्तम्।
4. बाधिता – कर्मणि भूतकृदन्तम्।

4. Make sandhis:

1. शिष्य + अपृच्छत् = शिष्योऽपृच्छत्
2. पतितः + जनः = पतितोजनः
3. अतः + तत्र = अतस्तत्र
4. प्रगति + तेषाम् = प्रगतिस्तेषाम्
5. गुरुः + अग्रे = गुरुरग्रे

5. Name the type of the following compound:

1. भाराधिक्येन – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
2. आहारनिद्राभयादयः – इतरेतर द्वन्द्व समास; बहुव्रीहि समास
3. संसारसमुद्रम् – कर्मधारय समास
4. सुखपूर्णम् – तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास

6. Write the form of root verb.

7. Write the form of words according to number and gender.

8. Answer the following questions in English:

Question 1. Who does not deserve real happiness?
Answer: A person who has fallen into any of the bad habits like drinking, gambling, chewing tobacco, or stealing is like someone caught in a whirlpool. Their progress is hindered. They manage to stay afloat but keep moving around in the same spot, never reaching the ocean of genuine happiness. Similarly, a person who has abandoned their family due to selfishness or anger, or one who is overwhelmed by social duties, does not experience happiness.
In simple words: People with bad habits, those who leave their family, or those overloaded with social tasks do not find true happiness.

Exam Tip: When answering about deserving happiness, mention the specific negative traits or actions that prevent individuals from achieving it, as described in the text.

Question 2. Why has the author compared man with a piece of wood?
Answer: The author has compared humans to a piece of wood floating on the river of life. Human existence is depicted as the river itself, while our family represents the current, and love is the water. We can navigate life within our family and eventually attain the ocean of joy if we avoid four specific types of obstacles.
In simple words: The author compares people to wood in a river to show that life is a journey, family is support, and love is what keeps us going, unless obstacles stop us.

Exam Tip: Clearly explain the core analogy and its various components, such as the river of life, the current of family, and the water of love, to demonstrate a full understanding.

Question 3. Which obstacles can be there for piece of wood to reach the ocean?
Answer: A piece of wood can get stuck on the river's bank, drown due to too much weight, get trapped in a whirlpool and spin in place, or become separated from the river's water if someone removes it. In these situations, it is stopped from reaching the ocean.
In simple words: Wood can get stuck on the bank, sink from weight, spin in a whirlpool, or be removed from the water, stopping its journey to the ocean.

Exam Tip: List each obstacle clearly and explain how it prevents the piece of wood (and by extension, a person) from reaching its destination.

Question 4. Explain the obstacle 'falling in the whirlpool'.
Answer: The river has whirlpools that, once a person is caught in them, make it impossible to escape or move forward. Similarly, bad habits like drinking alcohol, gambling, and stealing are as harmful as whirlpools. A person involved in evil rarely gets out safely and is likely ruined by their addiction. It is better to be careful and avoid these 'whirlpools' if we wish to attain the ocean of happiness.
In simple words: Falling into a whirlpool means getting trapped in bad habits, which are hard to escape and can ruin a person's life, preventing happiness.

Exam Tip: Define the obstacle directly and then provide specific examples of bad habits that are analogous to whirlpools, explaining why they are dangerous.

9. Match the words from column 'क' and with those from column 'ख'

1. आवर्तपातता
2. तीरे संलग्नता
3. जलवियोगः
4. जले निमग्नता

1. परिवारात् प्रतिमुखत्वम्
2. सामाजिकव्यवहाराणां भाराधिक्यम्
3. व्यसनेषु सततं पतनम्
4. आहारादीनां सेवने सततं प्रवृत्तिः
5. तन्न युक्तं साम्प्रतं क्षणमपि अत्र अवस्थातुम्

Answer:
1. आवर्तपातता – व्यसनेषु सततं पतनम्।
2. तीरे संलग्नता – आहारादीनां सेवने सततं प्रवृत्तिः।
3. जलवियोगः – परिवारात् प्रतिमुखत्वम्।
4. जल निमग्नता – सामाजिकव्यवहाराणां भाराधिक्त्यम्।

Exam Tip: Carefully read both columns and identify the correct meaning or consequence associated with each obstacle to match them accurately.

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Kāṣṭhakhaṇḍaḥ Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. Choose the correct word from the brackets and translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:

1. One preceptor was wandering on the bank of the river with a disciple. (गङ्गातट् गुरु शिष्य वि + ह् अस्)
उत्तरम्ः गङ्गातटे एकः गुरुः शिष्येण सह विहरन् आसीत्।

2. The preceptor saw a piece of wood in the water. (गुरु जल काष्ठखण्ड दृश्)
उत्तरम्: गुरुः जले एकं काष्ठखण्डम् अपश्यत्।

3. All human beings like us are like pieces of wood. (अस्तद् मानव काष्ठखण्ड इव)
उत्तरम्: वयं सर्वे मानवाः काष्ठखण्डा इव स्मः।

4. In fact the food and other things should be enjoyed. (वस्तुतः आहारादि सेवनीय भू)
उत्तरम्: वस्तुतः तु आहारादयः सेवनीयाः भवन्ति।

5. Being stuck up to the banks is also an obstacle. (तट संलग्नता विघ्न अस्)
उत्तरम्: तटेषु संलग्नता अपि एकः विघ्नः अस्ति।

6. The man who is drowned is not able to reach the ocean in the form of world that is full of happiness. (निमज्जित जन सुखमय संसारसागर प्र + आय् समर्थ)
उत्तरम्: निमज्जितः जनः सुखमयं संसारसागरं प्राप्तु समर्थः न अस्ति।

7. People protected from the four obstacles alone are able to reach the ocean in the form of world that is full of happiness. (चतुर् विघ्न रक्षित आनन्दमय संसाराब्धि प्र + आप् समर्थ भू)
उत्तरम्: चतुर्म्यः विघ्नेभ्यः रक्षिताः जनाः एव आनन्दमयं। संसाराब्धिप्राप्तुं समर्थाः भवन्ति।

2. Translate following sentences into English:

Question 1. यद्यपि सामाजिको व्यवहारः सर्वत्रैव अपेक्षितो भवति। परन्तु सः शक्तिमतिक्रम्य न भवेत्।
Answer: Although social behavior is consistently expected everywhere, it should not go beyond the bounds of one's capabilities.
In simple words: Social behavior is always expected, but it should not exceed our strength.

Exam Tip: When translating, capture both the concessive (although) and the restrictive (should not exceed) clauses accurately.

Question 2. सामान्यतया परिवारे निवसन्तः एव वयं ससारसमुद्रं प्राप्तुं समर्थाः भवामः। तीरेषु संलनप्रता नाम आहार-निद्रा-भ्यादीनां सेवने सततं प्रवृतिः।
Answer: Generally speaking, by living in our own families, we are indeed capable of reaching the ocean of the world. Being stuck to the banks signifies a continuous indulgence in activities like eating, sleeping, and fearing.
In simple words: Usually, living with our families helps us reach life's ocean. Being stuck on banks means always indulging in food, sleep, and fear.

Exam Tip: Break down the complex sentence into smaller parts to translate accurately, focusing on the metaphorical meanings.

Question 3. गुरुरग्रे उपदिशति शिष्यम्। “वयं सर्वे मानवाः अपि काष्ठखण्डा इव। अस्माकं जीवनमेव नदी। स्वकीये परिवारे जीवनं जीवन्तः काष्ठरूपा वयं सुखपूर्ण संसाररूपं समुद्रम् अवश्यं प्राप्तुं शक्नुमः, यदि चत्वारो विघ्ना न भवन्ति।
Answer: The preceptor further instructs the disciple, "All human beings, like us, are also similar to pieces of wood. Our life itself is a river. Living within our own family, we, like pieces of wood, will certainly be able to reach the joyful ocean of the world if four obstacles do not arise."
In simple words: The teacher tells the student that people are like wood in a river; life is the river, family is our journey, and we can reach happiness if four obstacles are avoided.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the translated quote accurately reflects the preceptor's instruction and includes all the metaphorical comparisons mentioned.

4. Make Sandhis:

Question 1. 'वियोगः + च+इति'-एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(a) वियोगचइति
(b) वियोगश्चति
(c) वियोगश्चेति
(d) वयोगस्चेति
Answer: (c) वियोगश्चेति
In simple words: 'वियोगः + च+इति' को जोड़ने पर 'वियोगश्चेति' सही संधि शब्द बनता है।

Exam Tip: Apply the rules of Visarga Sandhi (visarga changing to 'श' before 'च') and Guna Sandhi (अ + इ = ए).

Question 2. 'गुरू: + अग्रे' – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः? ।
(a) गुरुग्रे
(b) गुरुअग्रे
(c) गुरुअग्रे
(d) गुरुरग्रे
Answer: (d) गुरुरग्रे
In simple words: 'गुरुः + अग्रे' को जोड़ने पर 'गुरुरग्रे' सही संधि शब्द है।

Exam Tip: Remember the rule of Visarga Sandhi where a visarga followed by a vowel or soft consonant often changes to 'र'.

Question 3. 'वस्तुतः + तु' – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(a) वस्तुततु
(b) वस्तुवस्तु
(c) वस्तुतोतु
(d) वस्तुवस्तु
Answer: (b) वस्तुवस्तु
In simple words: 'वस्तुतः + तु' को जोड़ने पर 'वस्तुतस्तु' सही संधि शब्द है।

Exam Tip: Apply the rule of Visarga Sandhi where a visarga followed by 'त' changes to 'स्' (sibilant s).

Question 4. 'निमज्जन्ति + एव' – एमस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(a) निमज्जन्त्येव
(b) निमज्जन्तियेव
(c) निमज्जन्तीव
(d) निमज्जन्तेव
Answer: (a) निमज्जन्त्येव
In simple words: 'निमज्जन्ति + एव' को जोड़ने पर 'निमज्जन्त्येव' सही संधि शब्द बनता है।

Exam Tip: This is a 'यण् संधि' (Yan Sandhi) where 'इ' + 'ए' combines to form 'ये', with 'इ' changing to 'य्'.

5. Dissolve the Sandhis:

Question 1. 'तरन्तोऽपि' – एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेः कः?
(a) तरन्त + अपि
(b) तरन्तः + अपि
(c) तरन्त्य + अपि
(d) तरन्तो + अपि
Answer: (b) तरन्तः + अपि
In simple words: 'तरन्तोऽपि' का सही संधि विच्छेद 'तरन्तः + अपि' है।

Exam Tip: Identify the 'अपूर्व रूप' Sandhi (Avagraha 'ऽ') which indicates the dropping of 'अ' and the original word ending in 'ओ' from 'अः'.

Question 2. 'कश्चिज्जनः' – एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(a) कश्चिज् + जनः
(b) कश्चित् + जनः
(c) कश्चित + जनः
(d) कश्चि + ज्जनः
Answer: (b) कश्चित् + जनः
In simple words: 'कश्चिज्जनः' का सही संधि विच्छेद 'कश्चित् + जनः' है।

Exam Tip: This involves 'जशत्व' Sandhi where 'त्' changes to 'द्' (and then to 'ज्' if followed by 'ज्') and 'श' changes to 'छ्'.

Question 3. 'चतुर्यो विघ्नेभ्यः' – एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(a) चतुर्थ्य:+विघ्नेभ्यः
(b) चतुर्यो + विघ्नेभ्यः
(c) चतुभ्यः+विघ्नेभ्यः
(d) चतुभ्यो + विघ्नेभ्यः
Answer: (b) चतुर्यो + विघ्नेभ्यः
In simple words: 'चतुर्यो विघ्नेभ्यः' का सही संधि विच्छेद 'चतुर्यो + विघ्नेभ्यः' है।

Exam Tip: Recognize the case ending and its transformation during sandhi, often involving 'ओ' or 'उ' endings.

Question 4. 'सर्वत्रैव' – एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(a) सर्वत्र + एव
(b) सर्वत्रे + व
(c) सर्वत्र + येव
(d) सर्वत्र + ऐव
Answer: (a) सर्वत्र + एव
In simple words: 'सर्वत्रैव' का सही संधि विच्छेद 'सर्वत्र + एव' है।

Exam Tip: This is a 'वृद्धि संधि' (Vṛddhi Sandhi) where 'अ' + 'ए' combines to form 'ऐ'.

Kāṣṭhakhaṇḍaḥ Introduction

Gurukul is an ancient system used in India, where students live with their teachers, offering service and gaining knowledge simultaneously. The Guru served as a guide, father, and role-model for the students. 'Kul' means family, but it was an expanded family that included the school. This lesson shows how even a simple walk on the river bank and the sight of a piece of wood floating on the water can become a valuable learning experience. As you read the lesson, consider these questions: Are we truly like a piece of wood floating on a river? Do we have choices, or do we not? Metaphors should not be taken literally.

Kāṣṭhakhaṇḍaḥ Summary Of The Chapter

A preceptor was walking along the bank of the Ganga river with his disciple. Pointing to a piece of wood being carried by the water current, he told the disciple, "This will reach the ocean with the water's currents, but only if four obstacles do not occur on its way. These obstacles include being stuck on the bank, drowning due to too heavy a burden, being caught in a whirlpool, and separating from the river water."

The preceptor further instructed the disciple, "All human beings, like us, are similar to pieces of wood. Our life itself is a river. The family is like the current, and the water of love flows within it. Living our lives in our family, we, like pieces of wood, will surely be able to reach the ocean of the world, full of happiness, if four obstacles do not appear."

The disciple asked, "What are these life obstacles?" The preceptor then advised, "In the river of life, things like food, sleep, and fear are like the banks. Being stuck to the banks means constantly engaging in eating, sleeping, or being afraid. Now, food, sleep, and fear are necessary, but constantly sticking to them definitely becomes an obstacle. If this obstacle, in the form of constant indulgence in eating, enjoying sleep, and being afraid, exists, we, like pieces of wood, cannot reach the ocean of joy."

Social life often becomes a burden. Even though social behavior is always expected, it should not exceed our strength limits. People who engage in social activities beyond their capacity surely become overwhelmed by the excessive weight and drown. A person who drowns in this way cannot reach the ocean of happiness in the world.

1. संस्कृतम्:

गङ्गातीरे एकः गुरुः शिष्येण सह वर्तमानः आसीत । स जलप्रवाहेण नीयमानं कञ्चन काष्ठखण्डं दर्शयन् शिष्यमाह-अयं जलप्रवाहेण सह समुद्र प्राप्स्यति, परन्तु गमनमार्गे तीरे संलग्नता, भाराधिक्येन जले निमग्नता, आवर्तपातता, नदीजलवियोगश्चेति चत्वारो विघ्नाः न भवेयुः तदा एव। .

Translation:
A certain preceptor was walking along the bank of the river with his disciple. He pointed out a piece of wood being carried away by the water current and told the disciple, "This will reach the ocean with the water's current, but only if four obstacles do not occur on its way: being stuck on the bank, drowning due to too heavy a burden, being caught in a whirlpool, and separation from the river's water. Only then will it reach the ocean."

Glossary:
गङ्गातीरे – गङ्गायाः तीरम्, तस्मिन् -षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, on the bank of the river, गङ्गाशिष्येण सह – with a disciple, the indeclinable सह is used with the instrumental case e.g., शिष्येण सह, गुरुणा सह, मित्रेण सह etc., वर्तमानः आसीत् – was wandering lit. was being (living; adjective of the noun गुरुः, जलप्रवाहेण – जलस्य प्रवाहः तेन – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, by the current of the water, नीयमानम् – that which is being carried off, adjective of the noun, काष्ठखण्डम्, नी – (IU)

passive present participle कर्मणि वर्तमान कृदन्त masculine accusative singular, कञ्चन काष्ठखण्डम् – a certain piece of wood : कञ्चन – किम् + चित (indefinite pronoun) masculine accusative singular,

दर्शयन् – showing : दश (IP) causal presentavtive participle, कर्तरि वर्तमान कृदन्त, masculine nominative singular, adjective of सः (गुरू:), शिष्यमाह – शिष्यम् + आह – says to the disciple, (20) Ppresent tense, लट् लकार third person singular, optional form, प्राप्स्यति – will reach; प्र + आप् (5P) Second future tense, लृट् लकार, third person singular, verb of the subject अयम्, काष्टखण्डः गमनमार्गे – गमनस्य मार्ग, तस्मिन् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास: on the way of (its) going, गमन is a noun from the root तम गच्छ् and means 'act of going', संलग्नता – sticking संलग्न is an adjective but संलग्नता is an abstract noun, भाराधिक्येन-भारस्य आधिक्यम्, तेन-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, on account of excess (आधिक्य) of weight,

जले निमग्नता – drowing into the water, आवर्तपातता – आवर्तेनातता – सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समास, falling into whirlpool, नदीजलवियोगः – separation (वियोग) – from water of the river, चत्वारः विघ्नाः four obstacles; the word, विघ्न (M) so चत्वारः is also masculine nominative plural of the numerical adjective चतुर compare, चत्वारः विघ्नाः, चत्वारि सङ्कटानि (N), चतस्रः आपदः (F), न भवेयुः – will/should not be, तदा एव – only then.

2. संस्कृतम्:

गुरुरग्रे उपदिशति शिष्यम्। वयं सर्वे मानवाः अपि काष्ठखण्डा इव। अस्माकं जीवनमेव नदी। परिवारः प्रवाहरूपः। तत्र स्नेहरूपं जलं वहति। स्वकीये परिवारे जीवनं जीवन्तः काष्ठरूपा वयं सुखपूर्ण संसाररूपं समुद्रम् अवश्यं प्राप्तुं शक्नुमः, यति चत्वारो विघ्ना न भवन्ति।

Translation:
The preceptor further instructs the disciple, “All human beings like us are also like pieces of wood. Our life itself is a river. The family is like the current. The water of love flows in it. Living life in our own family we, like pieces of wood, will surely be able to reach the ocean of the world full of happiness if four obstacles do not occur.”

Glossary: गुरुरग्रे – गुरु: + अग्रे – the preceptor further, जीवनमेव – जीवनम् + एव – life itself (is a river). Thi is a metaphor, परिवारः – family, प्रवाहरूपः – having the appearance of a current; adjective of परिवारः, स्नेहरूपम् जलम् – water in the form of love, affection, जीवन्तः – living, जीव (IP), present active participle कर्तरि वर्तमानकालवाचक कृदन्त, masculine nominative plural; adjective of वयम्, काष्ठरूपाः वयम् – we are like pieces of wood, सुखपूर्णम् – सुखेन पूर्णः,

तम-तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास; full of happiness; adjective of समुद्रम्, प्राप्तुम् – to reach, शक्नुमः – we are able.

3. संस्कृतम् :

जीवने कीदृशाः विघ्नाः भवन्तीति शिष्यः अपृच्छत्।
गुरुः समुपादिशत्-नदीरूपो जीवने आहार-निद्रा-भयादयः तीरभूताः सन्ति। तीरेषु संलग्नता नाम आहार-निद्रा-भयादीनां सेवने सततं संलग्नता विघ्न एवं। आहार-निद्रा-भयादिक सततं प्रवृत्तिरूपः विघ्नः भवति चेत् काष्ठखण्डरूंपाः वयं सुखरूपं समुद्र प्राप्तु न शक्नुमः।

Translation:
The disciple asked, “what are the obstacles in life like?”
The preceptor duly advised – "In the river of life food, sleep, fear, etc. are like the banks. Being stuck up to the banks mean constant activity of eating food, sleeping or being afraid. Now, actually food, sleep, fear etc. are essential but being constantly sticking to them is surely an obstacle. If the obstacle in the form of being constantly engaged in eating food, enjoying sleep, being afraid, etc. is there, we like the pieces of wood that cannot reach the ocean of joy."

Glossary:
कीदृशाः – what kind of, समुपादिशत् – advised, the verb of the subject गुरुः; सम + उप + दिश् (6P), imperfect past tense, लङ् लकार, third-person singular, आहार-निद्रा-भयादयः – food, sleep, fear etc., तीरभूताः – like the banks of river, संलग्नता – attachment, नाम – means, आहारनिद्राभयादीनाम् सेवने – in enjoying food, sleep, fear etc. in case of भय the word सेवन means experiencing or feeling fear सततम् constant, प्रवृत्तिः – being engaged in, वस्तुतस्तु - वस्तुतः + तु, but in fact, प्रवृत्तिरूपः विघ्नः – an obstacle in the form of activity of आहार, etc.

4. संस्कृतम्:

सामाजिको व्यावहारः भाररूपो भवति। यद्यपि सामाजिको व्यवहारः सर्वत्रैव अपेक्षितो भवति। परन्तु सः शक्तिमतिक्रम्य न भवेत्। ये जनाः स्वकीयां शक्तिमतिक्रम्य सामाजिकान् व्यवहारान् कुर्वन्ति ते अतिभारत्वात् निमज्जन्ति एव। निमज्जितः जनः सुखमयं संसारसमुद्रं प्राप्तुं न शक्नोति।

Translation:
Social life becomes (or is) burdensome. Even though sociable behavior is invariably expected everywhere, it should not be exceeding the limit of our strength. The people who engage themselves in social life (activities) crossing the limit of their strength surely get drowned (overwhelmed) by its unbearable (excessive) weight. A person drowned (like this) cannot reach the ocean of the world of happiness.

5. Sanskrit:

सुरापानम् अक्षक्रीडा तमाखुभक्षणं चौरकर्म इत्यादीनि दुर्व्यसनानि मानवजीवने आवर्तभूतानि सन्ति। एषु पतिततो जनः बहिः आगन्तुं न शक्नोति। अतः तत्र पतनमेव न भवेत् तादृशः प्रयत्नः सततं करणीयो भवति। ये जनाः व्यसनेषु पतिताः सन्ति ते तरन्तः अपि एकस्मिन् स्थाने परितः भ्रमन्ति। तेषां प्रगति बाधिता भवति। ततस्ते सुखादिरूपं संसारसमुद्रं प्राप्तुं नार्हन्ति ।

Translation:

Drinking, playing dice (gambling), chewing tobacco, act of stealing, and other such bad habits are like the whirlpools in human existence. A person who gets caught in these cannot easily get out. Therefore, continuous efforts should be made to avoid falling into them at all. People who engage in bad habits keep rotating in the same spot, even if they appear to float. Their advancement is blocked. As a result, they do not manage to reach the sea of real happiness.

Glossary:

सुरपानम् - सुरायाः पानम् - षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः - drinking. अक्षक्रीडा - अक्षाणाम् क्रीडा - षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, meaning game of dice, or gambling. तमाखुभक्षणम् - तमाखोः भक्षणम् - षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास - eating tobacco. चौरकर्म - चोरस्य कर्म - षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास - act of stealing. इत्यादीनि - etc., referring to these and other things. दुर्व्यसनानि - vices, or bad habits. आवर्तभूतानि - आवर्तः भूतः, तानि - कर्मधारय समास - meaning those that become like a whirlpool. आगन्तुम् - to come, from आ + गम् (IP) हेत्वर्थक धातुसाधित तुमन्त अव्यय, an infinitive form.

न शक्नोति - is not able. पतनम् न भवेत् - will not fall. तादृशः - like that, an adjective of the noun. प्रयत्नः - effort. व्यसनेषु - in the calamities. तरन्तः - swimming, from the root तृ (IP).

कर्तरि वर्तमान कृदन्त - present active participle, masculine nominative plural, an adjective of the noun. जनाः एकस्मिन् स्थाने - is a place. Compare with एकस्मिन् देशे (M), एकस्मिन् स्थाने (N), एकस्याम् नगयम् (F). एकस्मिन् - एक (numerical adjective) masculine neuter locative singular. fa: - around, on all sides; this indeclinable word is used with the accusative case; e.g., पासादम् परितः सैनिकाः सन्ति। बाधिताः भवति - they are hindered or obstructed, from the root बाध् - बाधते, meaning to obstruct or trouble. सुखादिरूपम् संसारसमुद्रम् - to the ocean in the form of the world full of happiness. प्राप्तुम् - to reach. नार्हन्ति - न + अर्हन्ति - (they) do not deserve (they) are not able.

6. Sanskrit:

परिवारात् विमुखत्वम् एव नदीजलवियोगः। सामान्यतया परिवारे निवसन्तः एव वयं संसारसमुद्रं प्राप्तुं समर्थाः भवामः। परन्तु यदि कश्चित् जनः स्वार्थवशात् क्रोधवशात् वा परिवारात् प्रतिमुखो भवति, सोऽपि नदी (परिवार)-जल-(स्नेह) वियुक्तः कदाचिदपि ज्ञानेन सुखेन च पूर्णम् आनन्मयं संसारसमुदं न प्राप्नोति। चतुर्थ्यः विघ्नेभ्यः रक्षिताः जनाः ज्ञानेन् सुखेन च पूर्णम् आनन्दमयं संसाररूपं समुद्रम् अवश्यं प्राप्नुवन्ति।

Translation:

Leaving your family is like being cut off from a river's water. Typically, by living within our family, we can certainly achieve the world's ocean. However, if any person turns his face from the family being overpowered by selfishness or anger, he becomes separated from the water (love) of the river (family) and never reaches the ocean of the world full of joy, happiness, and knowledge. The people saved from the four obstacles surely reach the ocean in the form of a world full of knowledge and happiness.

7. Sanskrit:

परिवारात् विमुखत्वम् एव नदीजलवियोगः। सामान्यतया परिवारे निवसन्तः एव वयं संसारसमुद्रं प्राप्तुं समर्थाः भवामः। परन्तु यदि कश्चित् जनः स्वार्थवशात् क्रोधवशात् वा परिवारात् प्रतिमुखो भवति, सोऽपि नदी (परिवार)-जल-(स्नेह) वियुक्तः कदाचिदपि ज्ञानेन सुखेन च पूर्णम् आनन्मयं संसारसमुदं न प्राप्नोति। चतुर्थ्यः विघ्नेभ्यः रक्षिताः जनाः ज्ञानेन् सुखेन च पूर्णम् आनन्दमयं संसाररूपं समुद्रम् अवश्यं प्राप्नुवन्ति।

Translation:

Leaving your family is like being cut off from a river's water. Typically, by living within our family, we can certainly achieve the world's ocean. However, if any person turns his face from the family being overpowered by selfishness or anger, he becomes separated from water (love) of the river (family) and never reaches the ocean of the world full of joy, happiness, and knowledge. The people saved from the four obstacles surely reach the ocean in the form of a world full of knowledge and happiness.

Glossary:

परिवारात् - from the family. प्रतिमुखत्वम् - turning away; नदीजलवियोगः - separation from the river's water. सामान्यतया - generally. निवसन्तः - living, from नि + वस् (IP) present active participle, masculine nominative plural, adjective of the pronoun 'वयम्'. स्वार्थवशात् - due to selfishness, being controlled by selfishness. क्रोधवशात् - due to anger. प्रतिमुख - one who has turned his face away. नदीजलवियुक्तः - separated from, (वियुक्तः) the water (love) of the river (family). कदाचिदपि - कदाचित् + अपि - never. आनन्तमयम् - full of joy; this is an adjective of the substantive (विशेष्य) 'संसारसुमुद्रम्', meaning 'विशेष्य विशेषणम्'.

विशेष्य - विशेषणम् (Noun - Adjective): These are grammatical terms.
जीवनम् - स्वकीयम् (Life - Own): Life is often described as one's own.
वर्ष - द्वाविंशतिः (Year - Twenty-two): Refers to the number twenty-two.
अव्ययम् प्रयोगः (Use of Indeclinable Words):
असकृत् - सः असकृत् इदं कार्यं अकरोत् (Often - He often did this work).
एकदा - एकदा सः तत्र गतवान् (Once - Once he went there).
विशेष्य - विशेषणम् (Noun - Adjective):
एताम् - द्वाविंशतिः (This - Twenty-two): Demonstrative pronoun and number.
भूमि - परिशुद्धः (Land - Pure): Describes pure land.
निकषा - ग्राम निकषा नदी प्रवहति (Near - The river flows near the village).
तदा - तदा सः उच्चैः अहसत् (Then - Then he laughed loudly).