GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 3 स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर Textbook Questions and Answers

1. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत

Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:

 

Question 1. बालः किं समाचरेत्?
(a) भ्रमणम्
(b) स्वस्थवृत्तम्
(c) कार्यम्
(d) सौस्यम्
Answer: (b) स्वस्थवृत्तम्
In simple words: What should a child do? The answer is to follow a healthy routine.

Exam Tip: Remember key Sanskrit terms and their meanings to correctly answer comprehension questions.

 

Question 2. किं कृत्वा स्नानं समाचरेत्?
(a) भोजनम्
(b) पठनम्
(c) तैलमर्दनम्
(d) व्यायामम्
Answer: (c) तैलमर्दनम्
In simple words: What should one do before bathing? The correct action is to apply oil to the body.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the sequence of actions described in the text when answering questions about routines.

 

Question 3. त्वं मित्रैः ............ पाठशाला गच्छ।
(a) परितः
(b) समम्
(c) ऋते
(d) पुरतः
Answer: (b) समम्
In simple words: You should go to school with friends. The word 'समम्' means 'with' or 'together'.

Exam Tip: Understand the prepositions and their usage in Sanskrit sentences to fill in the blanks correctly.

 

Question 4. शत्रोरपि गुणाः............
(a) ग्राह्याः
(b) त्याज्याः
(c) हेयाः
(d) ध्येयाः
Answer: (a) ग्राह्याः
In simple words: Even the good qualities of enemies should be accepted. The phrase 'ग्राह्याः' means 'should be accepted'.

Exam Tip: Remember ethical principles taught in the chapter, such as accepting good qualities from all, even adversaries.

 

Question 5. जनैः किं ध्येयम्?
(a) सुखम्
(b) दुःखम्
(c) (missing in source)
(d) जनसेवनम्
Answer: (d) जनसेवनम्
In simple words: What should people focus on or aim for? They should aim for public service, which means helping others.

Exam Tip: When faced with ambiguous options, relate the question back to the main themes and teachings of the chapter to find the most fitting answer.

 

Question 6. कथम् आसीनेन सन्ध्याविधिः करणीयः?
(a) दक्षिणाभिमुखेन
(b) उत्तराभिमुखम्
(c) पश्चिमाभिमुखेन
(d) पूर्वाभिमुखेन
Answer: (d) पूर्वाभिमुखेन
In simple words: In which direction should one sit to perform the evening prayer? One should sit facing the east.

Exam Tip: Remember specific instructions about daily routines, such as the direction for prayers, as they are often tested.

 

2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषायाम् उत्तरं लिखत

Answer in one Sanskrit sentence:

 

Question 1. प्रातःकाले कं स्मरे?
Answer: प्रातःकाले जगद्विधातारं स्मरेत्।
In simple words: Whom should one remember in the morning? One should remember the Creator of the world in the morning.

Exam Tip: Provide a complete Sanskrit sentence for the answer, directly addressing the question as required.

 

Question 2. कीदृशं जलं पिबेत्?
Answer: शुद्ध जलं पिबेत्।
In simple words: What kind of water should one drink? One should drink pure water.

Exam Tip: Focus on the adjective describing the water when answering questions about its quality.

 

Question 3. कीदृशः तातः पुत्रं समादिश?
Answer: पुत्रहिते रतः तातः पुत्रं समादिशम्।
In simple words: What kind of father gives instructions to his son? A father who is devoted to his son's welfare gives instructions.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific quality of the father mentioned in the text for an accurate answer.

 

Question 4. कस्य संसर्गं त्यजेत्?
Answer: दुर्जनस्य संसर्गं त्यजेत्।
In simple words: Whose company should one avoid? One should avoid the company of wicked people.

Exam Tip: The answer should directly name the type of company to be shunned as per the lesson's moral teachings.

 

Question 5. किं कृत्वा उत्तरं देयम् ?
Answer: प्रविचार्य (सम्यक् चिन्तयित्वा) उत्तरं देयम्।
In simple words: What should one do before giving an answer? One should consider deeply (think properly) before giving an answer.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the importance of thoughtful consideration before responding, as indicated by the verb 'प्रविचार्य'.

 

3. पुरुष वचनानुसारं धातुरूपैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत् –

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs according to person and number:

 

Question 1. Complete the table with the correct forms of the verb 'गच्छ्' (to go) in the given persons and numbers:

Answer:
In simple words: This table shows how the verb 'to go' changes based on who is doing the action (person) and how many people are doing it (number). It helps you use verbs correctly in sentences.

Exam Tip: Memorize the conjugations of common verbs across different persons and numbers, especially for imperative mood forms.

 

Question 2. Complete the table with the correct forms of the verb 'वन्द्' (to salute/bow) in the given persons and numbers:

Answer:
In simple words: This table completes the forms for the verb 'to salute' in Atmanepada for different persons and numbers, showing how the verb conjugates.

Exam Tip: Practice Atmanepada verb conjugations, as they follow distinct patterns compared to Parasmaipada verbs.

 

4. वचनानुसारं शब्बनपैः रिक्तस्थामानि पूरयत –

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to the number:

 

Question 1. Provide the complete declension forms for the masculine noun 'गुरु' (teacher).

Answer:
In simple words: This table shows all the different ways the word 'guru' changes its ending depending on its role in a sentence (case) and how many teachers are being talked about (number).

Exam Tip: Understanding the declension patterns for 'u'-ending masculine nouns like 'guru' is essential for correct Sanskrit grammar.

 

Question 2. Given the instrumental plural form `मित्रैः` (with friends), provide its instrumental singular form.
Answer: मित्रेण
In simple words: If 'मित्रैः' means 'with friends' (many), then 'मित्रेण' means 'with a friend' (one).

Exam Tip: Understand how Sanskrit nouns change their endings to indicate singular, dual, and plural forms, especially in different cases.

 

Question 3. Given the locative singular form `काये` (in the body), provide its locative dual and locative plural forms.
Answer: काययोः, कायिषु
In simple words: If 'काये' is 'in the body' (one), then 'काययोः' is 'in two bodies' and 'कायिषु' is 'in many bodies'.

Exam Tip: Memorize the declension patterns for 'a'-ending masculine nouns, paying special attention to dual and plural forms in various cases.

 

Question 4. Given the nominative/accusative singular form `वस्त्रम्` (garment), provide its instrumental plural and nominative/accusative plural forms.
Answer: वस्त्रै, वस्त्राणि
In simple words: If 'वस्त्रम्' is 'a garment', then 'वस्त्रै' means 'by garments' (many) and 'वस्त्राणि' means 'many garments'.

Exam Tip: Understand the declension of 'a'-ending neuter nouns, as they have specific forms for instrumental and nominative/accusative plurals.

 

5. अधोलिखिताना प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि आपलभाषायां लिखत –

Answer the following questions in English:

 

Question 1. Write your day-to-day routine on the basis of this poem.
Answer: If someone wakes up early in the morning, they should first think about their well-being. After that, remembering God, the creator of the entire world, they should consume pure water. Walking a short way, one should visit the toilet and wash their hands. It is good to do proper exercise. Then, it is better to rub the body with oil before bathing. It is also good to wash one's own clothes after bathing. Next, facing the east, one should sit for morning prayer. This activity should be followed by showing respect to parents and having breakfast. A child should then go to school and study lessons with friends. In this context, one should always keep away from bad company and look for the company of good people. Generally, trying to gain religious merit and remembering God is a sound principle. Think carefully before answering a question. Good qualities should be taken from everyone, even rivals. Bad habits or flaws should be abandoned. It is pointless to spend time worrying about future problems. Enjoying good physical condition and simple joys, one should also dedicate time to community service.
In simple words: The poem outlines a daily routine: wake early, think about health, remember God, drink pure water, go to the toilet, wash, exercise, oil massage, bathe, wash clothes, pray facing east, respect parents, eat breakfast, go to school with friends, avoid bad company, seek good company, remember God, think before speaking, accept good traits from all, give up bad habits, don't worry about the future, enjoy health, and serve society.

Exam Tip: Structure your answer by listing the routine activities in chronological order, and incorporate the moral lessons at the end as taught in the poem.

 

2. Change the verb used in potential mood in the poem into potential participle.

 

Question 1. Convert the following verbs from potential mood into their corresponding potential participle forms.

Answer: The provided list already shows the correct conversion from potential mood to potential participle forms. For example, `यच्छेत्` (potential mood) correctly converts to `देयम्` (potential participle). Each pair accurately demonstrates the required grammatical change.
In simple words: The question asks to change words from one verb form (potential mood) to another (potential participle). The list already provides the correct pairs, so each word on the right matches its correct changed form on the left.

Exam Tip: Understand the rules for forming potential participles (`तव्यत्`, `अनीयर्`, `यत्`) from verb roots in the potential mood to ensure accurate conversions.

 

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर Additional Important Questions and Answers

 

Question 1. What is the meaning of the word जगत् विधाता।?
Answer: The term जगत् विधाता। is a combined word that can be described as जगतः विधाता। It signifies the creator of the world. It points to the supreme truth (परब्रह्म) taking the three forms of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
In simple words: जगत् विधाता means 'the creator of the world'. It refers to God, who appears in forms like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.

Exam Tip: When defining Sanskrit terms, always provide both the literal meaning and any deeper philosophical or contextual interpretations.

 

Question 2. What is meant by the word 'स्वस्थवृत्तम्'?
Answer: स्वस्थवृत्तम् is a compound word that is explained as स्वस्थम् च तत् वृत्तम् – a Karmadharaya Samasa. The behavior or routine (वृत्तम्) that promotes good health (स्वस्थ) is a significant subject.
In simple words: 'स्वस्थवृत्तम्' means a healthy routine or behavior. It refers to actions that help one stay well.

Exam Tip: Understand the etymology and grammatical structure (like compound types) of key Sanskrit terms to give comprehensive definitions.

 

Question 3. What is meant by the words 'तातः त्याज्याः गुरोः अपि'?
Answer: This phrase refers to a teacher, a preceptor, and also an elderly individual. Since older people and educators are human, they are likely to possess certain faults or imperfections. The flaws of even a teacher or an older person should be discarded. Any positive qualities found in us should be embraced.
In simple words: The phrase means that even teachers and elders, being human, have faults. These faults should be ignored, but their good qualities should always be adopted.

Exam Tip: Explain the ethical implications of the Sanskrit phrase, highlighting the message about discerning between good and bad qualities in all individuals.

 

4. अधोदत्तानां पद्यानाम् आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवाद कुरुत –

Translate into English of the following verses.

 

Question 1. Translate into English: प्रविचार्योत्तरं देयं सहसा न वदेः क्वचित्। शत्रोरपि गुणाः ग्राह्या दोषास्त्याज्याः गुरोरपि।।
Answer: An answer should be provided after very careful thought. One should never speak impulsively or without thinking. Good qualities must be accepted even from an enemy. Flaws, even those of a teacher, should be abandoned.
In simple words: Give answers only after much thought; never speak without thinking. Accept good traits even from enemies, and reject bad traits even if a teacher has them.

Exam Tip: Break down the verse into meaningful phrases and translate each part accurately, ensuring the overall ethical message is conveyed clearly.

 

Question 2. Translate into English: ध्येयं सनातनं ब्रह्म हेयं दुःखमनागतम्। कायिकं सुखमादेयं विधेयं जनसेवनम्।।
Answer: The eternal supreme being should be contemplated. Sorrow that has not yet arrived should be avoided. Physical comfort should be embraced. Service should be provided to others.
In simple words: Focus on the eternal God. Don't worry about future troubles. Enjoy bodily comfort. Help people.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the translation maintains the deep philosophical and moral essence of the Sanskrit verse, translating key terms like 'सनातनं ब्रह्म' precisely.

 

5. कोष्ठकगतपदानि प्रयुज्य अधोलिखितानां वाक्यानां संस्कृतानुवादं कुरुत –

Choose the correct word from the brackets and translate following sentences into Sanskrit:

 

Question 1. Translate into Sanskrit: Child, get up from bed. (वत्स शय्या उद् रु स्था)
Answer: हे वत्स, त्वं शय्यायाः उत्तिष्ठ।
In simple words: This translates "Child, get up from bed" into Sanskrit, using the right forms of the words provided.

Exam Tip: Correctly identify the vocative case for 'child' (वत्स), the ablative case for 'from bed' (शय्यायाः), and the imperative verb for 'get up' (उत्तिष्ठ).

 

Question 2. Translate into Sanskrit: All of you drink pure water. (युष्मद् सर्व शुद्ध जल पा)
Answer: यूयं सर्वे शुद्ध जलं पिबत।
In simple words: This translates "All of you drink pure water" into Sanskrit, ensuring the verb 'drink' matches 'all of you'.

Exam Tip: Ensure the pronoun 'यूयं' (you all), adjective 'शुद्ध' (pure), and verb 'पिबत' (drink, plural imperative) are used in their correct grammatical forms.

 

Question 3. Translate into Sanskrit: In the morning always take exercise. (युष्मद् नित्य प्रभात व्यायाम कृ)
Answer: त्वं नित्यं प्रभाते व्यायाम कुरुत।
In simple words: This means "You should always do exercise in the morning" in Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Ensure correct usage of adverbs like 'नित्यं' (always), time expressions like 'प्रभाते' (in the morning), and the appropriate imperative verb form for 'to do exercise'.

 

Question 4. Translate into Sanskrit: Practise morning/evening prayer facing the east. (पूर्वाभिमुख आस् सन्ध्याविधि कृ)
Answer: पूर्वाभिमुखम् आसीनः त्वं सन्ध्याविधिं कुरु।
In simple words: This translates "Sitting facing east, you should do your morning/evening prayer" into Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: Use the correct participial form for 'sitting' (आसीनः), the adverb for 'facing east' (पूर्वाभिमुखम्), and the imperative verb for 'perform' (कुरु).

 

Question 5. Translate into Sanskrit: Service to people should be done by you. (लोकसेवा कृ युष्मद्)
Answer: त्वया लोक सेवा कर्तव्या।
In simple words: This means "Public service should be done by you" in Sanskrit, using the passive construction.

Exam Tip: Practice forming passive sentences in Sanskrit, using the instrumental case for the agent (त्वया) and the potential passive participle (कर्तव्या) for the action.

 

स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर Introduction

Generally speaking, Ayurveda has two main parts: `पर्रतर` (regimen for a healthy life) and `आतुरवुथारम्` (the study of illnesses and their treatment). Our ancient medical science places more importance on disease prevention. Since body and mind are completely interconnected, the instructions given in this lesson are for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. You might have heard the proverb 'sound mind in a sound body' or the Sanskrit phrase `चित्ते प्रसन्ने, भुवनं प्रसन्नम्।` Meditation or remembering God is crucial because it makes our minds calm and peaceful, which then helps our bodies stay healthy. The rules provided should be followed wholeheartedly.

 

स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर Summary Of The Chapter

This chapter advises that, O child, you should wake up from bed; practice good behavior for health, and remember the world's creator. Then, drink clean water. Everyone should walk about a hundred steps after leaving the house and quickly go for bowel evacuation. After that, they should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and perform exercises regularly.

You should massage your body with oil, then take a bath. Wash your own clothes properly and also do the morning ritual facing the east. Always bow down to your parents and then enjoy your morning meal and breakfast. You should go to school with your companions and study lessons. The father, who was focused on his son's welfare, gave him these instructions.

You should give up bad company. Choose the company of good people. Remember the Lord's name all day and night. Earn religious merit. Answers should be given only after careful thought. Never speak impulsively or without thinking. Good qualities should be adopted even from an adversary. Bad qualities, even from a teacher or an elder, should be discarded. The eternal supreme being should be meditated upon. Give up thoughts about future sorrow. Accept physical enjoyment. Service should be provided to people.

 

स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर Prose-Order, Translation And Glossary

 

1. बाल उत्तिष्ठ शय्यातः स्वस्थवृत्तं समाचर। स्मर जगद्विधातारं ततः शुद्धं जलं पिब॥1॥

Prose-order: (हे) बाल, शय्यातः उत्तिष्ठ। स्वस्थ वृत्तम् समाचर, जगद्विधातारम् स्मर। ततः शुद्धम् जलम् पिब।

Translation: O child, get up from bed; practice good behavior for health, remember the world's creator. Then, drink pure water.

Glossary: शय्यातः – from the bed; the suffix 'स:' is added to the noun शय्या, similar to पाठशालात: – from school, मन्दिरतः – from the temple. उत्तिष्ठ – means to get up, formed from उद् + स्था, an imperative mood, second person singular, verb for the subject त्वम्. स्वस्थवृत्तम् – healthy behavior, explained as स्वस्थम् च तत् वृत्तम्, a Karmadharaya Samasa. समाचर – to practice (आचार) well, from सम् + सम्यक् and सम् + आ + चर्, an imperative mood, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्. जगद्विधातारम् – the creator of the world, जगतःविधाता, तम् – a Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa; this is the object of the verb स्मर. स्मर – (you) remember, from स्मृ, an imperative mood, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्. ततः – then, after that; this is an unchangeable word. शुद्धम् जलम् – pure water, the object of the verb पिब. पिब – (you) drink, from पा – पिब्, an imperative mood, second person singular verb for the object त्वम्।

 

2. शतं पदानि निष्क्रम्य शौचार्थं गच्छ सत्वरम्। फेनिलेन करौ कृत्वा शुद्धौ व्यायाममाचर॥2॥

Prose-order: शतम् पदानि निष्क्रम्य (त्वम्) शौचार्थम् सत्वरम् गच्छ। फेनिलेन करौ शुद्धौ कृत्वा व्यायामम आचर।

Translation: Walking a distance of one hundred steps after leaving the house, go quickly for bowel evacuation. Then, after making your hands clean with soap, perform exercises.

Glossary: शतम्-पदानि – one hundred steps. निष्क्रम्य – going out, from निस् + क्रम. शौचार्थम् – for defecation, from शौचाय इति, a Chaturthi Tatpurusha Samasa; शौचम् is an abstract noun from the adjective शुचि – meaning purification. सत्वरम् – quickly, from त्वरया सह यथा स्यात् तथा, an Avyayibhava Samasa; this is an adverb modifying the verb. गच्छ – go, from गम् – गच्छ, an imperative mood, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्. फेनिलेन – with soap. करौ – both hands. शुद्धौ कृत्वा – having cleaned, using कृ dhatu with ktva pratyaya; शुद्धौ is an adjective of करौ. व्यायामम् – exercises; this is the object of the verb आचर, in the accusative case. आचर (you) do, practice, from आ + चर, an imperative mood, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्, which is understood.

 

3. तैलं मर्दय काये त्वं ततः स्नानं समाचर। यथाविधि जलेनैव वस्त्रं स्वीयं प्रधावय ॥3॥

Prose-order: त्वम् काये तैलम् मर्दय, ततः स्नानम् समाचर। जलेन एव यथाविधि स्वीयम् वस्त्रम् प्रधावय।

Translation: Massage your body with oil, then take your bath. Wash your own garment in the correct manner using only water.

Glossary: काये – into the body; काय (a masculine noun ending in 'a') in the locative singular. तैलम् – oil. मर्दय – rub, massage; this is a causal imperative mood (प्रेरक लोट् लकार), second person singular. जलेन एव – with water only. यथाविधि – according to rule, from विधिम् अनुसृत्य, an Avyayibhava Samasa. स्वीयम् वस्त्रम् – one's own garment; this adjective is formed to mean 'belonging to oneself'. Other similar adjectives include मदीय (mine), त्वदीय (yours), तदीय (his), and राष्ट्रिय (national). प्रधावय – wash (धावय) in the correct way (प्र), from प्र + धाव्, a causal imperative (प्रेरक लोट् लकार), second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्।

 

4. पूर्वाभिमुखमासीनः कुरु सन्ध्याविधिं तथा। वन्दस्व पितरौ नित्यं प्रातराशम् अशान च॥4॥

Prose-order: तथा पूर्वाभिमुखम् आसीनः (त्वम्) सन्धाविधिम् कुरु। नित्यम् पितरौ वन्दस्व प्रातराशम् च अशान।

Translation: And also perform the morning ritual sitting facing the east. Always bow down to your parents and then eat your morning meal (take your breakfast).

Glossary: तथा – similarly, an unchangeable word used to mean 'and also' or 'so also'. पूर्वाभिमुखम् – facing the east; this is an adverb. आसीनः – sitting, from आस् (present active participle), masculine nominative singular, an adjective of 'त्वम्'. सन्ध्याविधिम् – here 'morning prayer'; विधि means ritual or custom. कुरु (you) perform, from कृ (an imperative mood, लोट् लकार, second person singular verb, active voice); the passive voice would be त्वया संन्ध्याविधिः क्रियताम्. नित्यम् – always. पितरौ – parents, from माता च पिता च, an Ekashesha Dvandva Samasa; so named because only one mother and father are meant. वन्दस्व – (you) bow down, from वन्द (an imperative mood, लोट् लकार, second person singular verb for the subject 'त्वम्'). प्रातराशम् – morning meal, breakfast; प्रातराश (a masculine noun ending in 'a') in the accusative singular. अशान – (you) eat, from अश् (an imperative mood, लोट् लकार, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्), similar to गृहाण (ग्रह), बधान (बन्ध), मथान (मन्थ्), and पुषाण (पुष्)।

 

5. पाठशाला समं मित्रैः गच्छ पाठं तथा पठ। एवं समादिशत् पुत्रं तातः पुत्रहिते रतः॥5॥

Prose-order: मित्रैः सम् (त्वम्) पाठशालाम् गच्छ। तथा पाठम् पठ। एवम् पुत्रहिते रतः तातः पुत्रम् समादिशत्।

Translation: Go to school with your friends and study lessons there. The father, who was deeply committed to his son's well-being, instructed his son in this manner.

Glossary: मित्रै समम् – with friends; for example, 'राम with Janaki went to the forest'. पाठशालाम् गच्छ – go to school; when any root of meaning 'motion' is used, the place name is in the accusative case. पाठम् पठ – learn your lessons. एवम् – in this way, thus; this is an unchangeable word. पुत्र हिते – in the welfare of the son, from पुत्रस्य हितम्, तस्मिन्, a Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa. रतः – engrossed, engaged; पुत्रहिते रतः is an adjective of the noun तातः. समादिशत् – instructed, from सम् + आ + दिश्, imperfect past tense, लङ् लकार, third person singular.

 

6. त्यज दुर्जनसंसर्ग भज साधुसमागमम्। कुरु पुण्यमहोरात्रं स्मर नाम हरेः सदा ॥6॥

Prose-order: (त्वम्) दुर्जनसंसर्गम् त्यज, साधुसमागमम् भज, अहोरात्रम् पुण्यम् कुरु, सदा हरेः नाम स्मर।

Translation: Give up the company of wicked people. Prefer the association of good people. Earn religious merit day and night, and always remember the name of Hari.

Glossary: दुर्जनसंसर्गम् – association with wicked people; from दुष्टः जनः दुर्जनः, a Praditatpurusha Samasa, and दुर्जनस्य संसर्गः, a Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa; this is the object of the verb त्यज. त्यज – give up, from त्यज् (an imperative mood, लोट् लकार, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्). साधुसमागमम् – the company of good people, from साधोः समागमः, तम्, a Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa. भज – prefer, enjoy, accept, from भज (an imperative mood, लोट् लकार, second person singular). अहोरात्रम् – day and night, from अहः च रात्रिः च एतयोः समाहारः, a Samahara Dvandva Samasa. पुण्यम् कुरु – to secure religious merit. हरेः नाम – the name of Hari. स्मर – remember, from स्मृ (an imperative mood, लोट् लकार, second person singular verb for the subject त्वम्)।

 

7. प्रविचार्योत्तरं देयम् सहसा न वदेक्वचित्। शत्रोरपि गुणाः ग्राह्या दोषास्त्याज्याः गुरोरपि॥7॥

Prose-order: प्रविचार्य उत्तरं देयम्, क्वचित् सहसा न वदेः, शत्रोः अपि गुणाः ग्राह्याः, दोषाः त्याज्याः।

Translation: An answer should be provided after very careful thought. One should never speak impulsively or without thinking. Good qualities must be accepted even from an enemy. Flaws, even those of a teacher or elderly person, should be abandoned.

Glossary: प्रविचार्य – thinking carefully, from प्र + वि + चर्, a lyabanta (gerund). उत्तरम् – answer, reply; this is the object of the potential passive participle देयम्. देयम् – should be given. क्वचित् न – never; क्वचित is an unchangeable word. सहसा – suddenly, thoughtlessly; this is an unchangeable word. न वदेः – should not speak; from वद्, a vidhilinga (potential mood) verb, second person singular. शत्रोः – of the enemy. गुणाः – virtues, good points. ग्राह्याः – should be accepted, from ग्रह कर्मणि विध्यर्थक कृदन्त. गुरोः – of the teacher or elderly person. त्याज्याः – should be given up or discarded; from त्यज्, a masculine nominative plural adjective of दोषाः।

 

8. ध्येयं सनातनं ब्रह्म हेयं दुःखमनागतम्। कायिकं सुखमावेयं विधेयं जनसेवनम्॥8॥

Prose-order: सनातनम् ब्रह्म ध्येयम्, अनागतम् दुःखम् हेयम्, कायिकम् सुखम् आदेयम्, जनसेवनम् (च) विधेयम्।

Translation: The eternal supreme being should be meditated upon. Sorrow that has not yet come should be avoided. Physical pleasure should be accepted and public service should be rendered.

Glossary: सनातनम् ब्रह्म – eternal supreme being. ध्येयम् – should be meditated upon, from ध्यै, a karmani vidhyarthaka kridanta. अनागतम् – not yet arrived, from न आगतम्, a Nanj Tatpurusha Samasa. हेयम् – should be given up, from त्याज्यम्, a karmani vidhyarthaka kridanta. कायिकम् – physical; an adjective formed from the noun काय. आदेयम्-ग्राह्यम्; should be accepted. जनसेवनम् – service to people, from जनानाम् सेवनम्, a Shashti Tatpurusha Samasa. विधेयम्-कार्यम्; should be done, from वि + धा, a karmani vidhyarthaka kridanta.