GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 2 यद्भविष्यो विनश्यति

 

Question 1. धीवराणां वचनं कीदृशी आसीत्?
(क) विषोपमम्
(ख) अनलोपमम्
(ग) कुलिशोपमम्
(घ) कृतान्तोपमम्
Answer: (ग) कुलिशोपमम्
In simple words: Fishermen's words were like a thunderbolt.

Exam Tip: Understand the meaning of key adjectives in Sanskrit texts to correctly interpret comparisons and similes.

 

Question 2. अन्यं जलाशयां गन्तुं कः मत्स्यः निश्चयं करोति?
(क) सर्वे
(ख) अनागतविधाता
(ग) यद्भविष्यः
(घ) प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः
Answer: (ख) अनागतविधाता
In simple words: The fish named Anagathavidhata decided to go to another lake.

Exam Tip: Identify which character performs specific actions in the story to answer questions about their decisions.

 

Question 3. धीवरैः उक्तम्, अद्य अस्माकं वृत्ति –
(क) सज्जाता
(ख) सज्जातः
(ग) सज्जाति
(घ) सज्जातम्
Answer: (क) सज्जाता
In simple words: The fishermen said that their livelihood is now fixed for today.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the verb forms and their agreements with the subject (धीवरैः) to select the correct option.

 

Question 4. अनागत विधाता .......... सह निष्क्रान्तः।
(क) परिजनम्
(ख) परिजनाय
(ग) परिजनस्य
(घ) परिजनेन
Answer: (घ) परिजनेन
In simple words: Anagathavidhata left with his family members.

Exam Tip: Remember that 'सह' (with) often takes the instrumental case, which is 'परिजनेन' here.

 

Question 5. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः प्राह, भविष्यदर्भ प्रमाणाभावात् कुत्र मया..............
(क) गन्तुम्
(ख) गतम्
(ग) गन्तव्यम्
Answer: (ग) गन्तव्यम्
In simple words: Pratyutpannamati said, "Where should I go since there is no proof of future events?"

Exam Tip: Focus on the context of the sentence and the meaning of 'गन्तव्यम्' (should be gone/must go) to choose the correct verb form.

 

Question 6. अनागतविधाता प्राह, अत्र क्षणमपि युक्तम्।
(क) अवस्थातुम्
(ख) अवस्थितः
(ग) गन्तुम्
(घ) अवगम्य
Answer: (क) अवस्थातुम्
In simple words: Anagathavidhata said it is not right to stay here even for a moment.

Exam Tip: Recognize the infinitive form 'अवस्थातुम्' (to stay) which fits the context of "it is not proper to stay".

 

Question 1. जलाशये के त्रयः मत्स्याः वसन्ति स्म ?
Answer: जलाशये अनागतविधाता, प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः, यद्भविष्यः चेति त्रयः मत्स्याः वसन्ति स्म।
In simple words: In the lake, there lived three fish named Anagathavidhata, Pratyutpannamati, and Yadbhavishya.

Exam Tip: When listing characters, ensure all names are included and correctly spelled, along with the verb describing their action.

 

Question 2. अपरेयुः धीवरैः जलाशये किं क्षिप्तम्?
Answer: अपरेधुः धीवरैः जलाशये जालं क्षिप्तम्।
In simple words: The next day, the fishermen cast a net into the lake.

Exam Tip: Identify the specific object mentioned (net) and the action performed (cast) in the context of the question.

 

Question 3. कौ द्वौ मत्स्यौ जलाशये एव स्थितौ ?
Answer: प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः यद्भविष्यः च इति द्वौ मत्स्यौ जलाशये एव स्थितौ।
In simple words: The two fish, Pratyutpannamati and Yadbhavishya, stayed in the lake itself.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the names of both characters and confirm their location as requested by the question.

 

Question 4. जालात् अपसारितः प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः कीदृशं नीरं प्रविष्टः?
Answer: जालात् अपसारितः प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः गम्भीरं नीरं प्रविष्टः।
In simple words: Pratyutpannamati, having been removed from the net, entered deep water.

Exam Tip: Describe the type of water (deep) that the character entered after escaping the net.

 

Question 5. कः मत्स्यः धीवरैः व्यापादितः?
Answer: यद्भविष्यः धीवरैः व्यापादितः।
In simple words: The fish named Yadbhavishya was killed by the fishermen.

Exam Tip: State the name of the character who faced the consequence mentioned in the question.

 

Question 3.1. सजाता
Answer: सजाता – (सम् + जन् आत्मनेपदी धातोः) तः प्रत्ययान्तं कर्तरि भूतकाल वाचकं धातु साधितं कृदन्त विशेषणम्।
In simple words: 'Sajāta' is an adjectival participle, formed with the suffix 'ta' from the root 'sam + jan' (ātmanepadi dhātu), indicating a past active sense.

Exam Tip: When analyzing participles, identify the root verb, prefixes, and suffixes to determine its tense, voice, and grammatical function.

 

Question 3.2. अनुष्ठेयम्
Answer: अनुष्ठेयम् – (अनु + स्था परस्मैपदी धातोः विध्यर्थ कर्मणि धातुसाधितं कृदन्त-विशेषणम्।
In simple words: 'Anuṣṭheyam' is an adjectival participle, formed with the root 'anu + sthā' (parasmaipadi dhātu), used in the sense of 'should be done' in the passive voice.

Exam Tip: For potential passive participles, look for the 'ya' or 'tavya' suffixes and understand they convey obligation or suitability.

 

Question 3.3. समाकर्ण्य
Answer: समाकर्ण्य – (सम् + आ + कर्ण परस्मैपदी धातोः) पूर्वकाल वाचकं धातुसाधितं ल्यबन्तम् अव्ययम्।
In simple words: 'Samākarṇya' is an indeclinable participle (lyapanta avyaya), formed with the root 'sam + ā + karṇ' (parasmaipadi dhātu), used to indicate an action that happened before the main verb.

Exam Tip: Recognise 'lyap' participles by their 'ya' ending after a prefix, always indicating a preceding action.

 

Question 3.4. बद्धः
Answer: बद्धः (बन्ध् परस्मैपदी धातोः) कर्तरि भूतकाल वाचकं धातुसाधितम् विशेषण-कृदन्तम्।
In simple words: 'Baddhaḥ' is an adjectival participle, derived from the root 'bandh' (parasmaipadi dhātu), signifying a past active sense.

Exam Tip: Note that 'ta' suffix participles can sometimes have irregular forms, like 'bandh' becoming 'baddha'.

 

Question 3.5. अवस्थातुम्
Answer: अवस्थातुम् – (अव + स्था परस्मैपदी धातोः) हेत्वर्थकं धातुसाधितं तुमन्तम् अव्ययम्।
In simple words: 'Avasthātum' is an infinitive (tumanta avyaya), formed with the root 'ava + sthā' (parasmaipadi dhātu), indicating purpose or 'to stay'.

Exam Tip: 'Tumun' infinitives typically end in '-tum' and express the purpose or goal of an action.

 

Question 3.6. गन्तव्यम्
Answer: गन्तव्यम् – (गम् परस्मैपदी धातोः) विध्यर्थकं कर्मणि धातुसाधितं कृदन्त-विशेषणम्।
In simple words: 'Gantavyam' is an adjectival participle, derived from the root 'gam' (parasmaipadi dhātu), used in the passive sense of 'should be gone' or 'is to be gone'.

Exam Tip: 'Tavya' participles (like 'gantavyam') always express obligation or necessity in the passive voice.

 

Question 4.1. जलाशयः
Answer: जलाशयः – जलस्य आशयः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः।
In simple words: 'Jalāśayaḥ' means 'reservoir of water', which is a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

Exam Tip: In a Tatpurusha compound, identify the relationship between the two words; 'Genitive' (षष्ठी) indicates possession or relation (of water).

 

Question 4.2. बहुमत्स्यः
Answer: बहुमत्स्यः – बहवः मत्स्याः यस्मिन् सः – बहुव्रीहि समासः।
In simple words: 'Bahumatsyaḥ' describes 'one who has many fish', which is a Bahuvrihi compound, focusing on an external entity.

Exam Tip: A Bahuvrihi compound describes a quality of something else, not the components themselves, making it an adjective.

 

Question 4.3. धीवरालापः
Answer: धीवरालापः – धीवराणाम् आलापः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः।
In simple words: 'Dhīvarālāpaḥ' refers to 'the conversation of fishermen', which is a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

Exam Tip: Look for the possessive relationship (of fishermen) to determine if it's a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

 

Question 4.4. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः
Answer: प्रत्युत्पन्ना मतिः यस्य सः – बहुव्रीहि समासः।
In simple words: 'Pratyutpannamatiḥ' means 'one whose intelligence is ready', a Bahuvrihi compound, referring to a person with quick wit.

Exam Tip: Remember that Bahuvrihi compounds act as adjectives, describing someone with a particular quality.

 

Question 4.5. प्रमाणाभावात्
Answer: प्रमाणाभावात् – प्रमाणस्य प्रमाणानाम् वा अभावः तस्मात् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः।
In simple words: 'Pramāṇābhāvāt' means 'due to lack of proof', which is a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

Exam Tip: The 'ābhāvāt' part indicates absence, and its relation to 'pramāṇa' (proof) forms a Genitive Tatpurusha.

 

Question 5.1. यद्भविष्यश्चेति
Answer: यद्भविष्यः + च + इति
In simple words: The word 'Yadbhaviṣyaśceti' separates into 'Yadbhaviṣyaḥ', 'ca', and 'iti'.

Exam Tip: Practice identifying common Sandhi rules for consonants and vowels to correctly separate words.

 

Question 5.2. श्रुतोऽयम्
Answer: श्रुतः + अयम्
In simple words: The word 'Śruto'yam' splits into 'Śrutaḥ' and 'ayam'.

Exam Tip: Look for the 'o' sound followed by a dropped 'a' (indicated by an avagraha sign in Devanagari) to identify Visarga Sandhi with 'a'.

 

Question 5.3. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिस्तथा
Answer: प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः + तथा
In simple words: The word 'Pratyutpannamatistathā' breaks down into 'Pratyutpannamatiḥ' and 'tathā'.

Exam Tip: Recognize the 's' sound before 't' as a common indicator of Visarga Sandhi changing to 's'.

 

Question 6.1. बहुमत्स्यः अयं हृदः। (Replace 'बहुमत्स्यः' with the correct interrogative word)
Answer: कीदृशः (The interrogative pronoun 'कीदृशः' replaces 'बहुमत्स्यः' to ask 'what kind of' heart it is.)
In simple words: To ask "What kind of lake is this?", we use 'कीदृशः' instead of 'बहुमत्स्यः'.

Exam Tip: Select 'कीदृशः' (what kind of) when asking about the nature or quality of a noun.

 

Question 6.2. अस्माभिः रात्रौ एव समीपं सरः गन्तव्यम्। (Replace 'रात्रौ' with the correct interrogative word)
Answer: कदा (The interrogative pronoun 'कदा' replaces 'रात्रौ' to ask 'when' the action should be done.)
In simple words: To ask "When should we go?", we use 'कदा' instead of 'रात्रौ'.

Exam Tip: Use 'कदा' (when) when forming a question about the time of an event.

 

Question 6.3. अनागतविधाता परिजनेन सह निष्क्रान्तः। (Replace 'परिजनेन' with the correct interrogative word)
Answer: केन (The interrogative pronoun 'केन' replaces 'परिजनेन' to ask 'with whom' Anagathavidhata left.)
In simple words: To ask "With whom did Anagathavidhata leave?", we use 'केन' instead of 'परिजनेन'.

Exam Tip: Employ 'केन' (by whom/with whom) when the original word is in the instrumental case, indicating agency or accompaniment.

 

Question 6.4. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः जालात् अपसारितः। (Replace 'जालात्' with the correct interrogative word)
Answer: कस्मात् (The interrogative pronoun 'कस्मात्' replaces 'जालात्' to ask 'from what' Pratyutpannamati was removed.)
In simple words: To ask "From what was Pratyutpannamati removed?", we use 'कस्मात्' instead of 'जालात्'.

Exam Tip: Use 'कस्मात्' (from what/why) when the original word is in the ablative case, indicating separation or cause.

 

Question 6.5. धीवरैः यद्भविष्यः व्यापादितः। (Replace 'यद्भविष्यः' with the correct interrogative word)
Answer: कः (The interrogative pronoun 'कः' replaces 'यद्भविष्यः' to ask 'who' was killed.)
In simple words: To ask "Who was killed by the fishermen?", we use 'कः' instead of 'यद्भविष्यः'.

Exam Tip: Use 'कः' (who) for masculine singular subjects in the nominative case when inquiring about the agent of an action.

 

Question 7. Write sentences according to story order:
1. अहं तावज्जलाशयान्तरं गच्छामि।
2. पितृपैतामहिकस्य जलाशयस्य त्यागः न युज्यते।
3. प्रमाणाभवात् कुत्र मया गन्तव्यम्
4. श्वः अत्र आगम्य मत्स्यकूर्मादयो व्यापादयितव्याः।
5. धीवरैः जलाशये जालं क्षिप्तम्।
6. यद्भविष्यः धीवरैः प्राप्तः व्यापादितः च।
Answer: The correct order of sentences according to the story is:
(4) श्वः अत्र आगम्य मत्स्यकूर्मादयो व्यापादयितव्याः। (Tomorrow, coming here, fish and tortoises should be killed.)
(1) अहं तावज्जलाशयान्तरं गच्छामि। (I shall now go to another lake.)
(3) प्रमाणाभवात् कुत्र मया गन्तव्यम् (Since there is no proof, where should I go?)
(2) पितृपैतामहिकस्य जलाशयस्य त्यागः न युज्यते। (Abandoning the ancestral lake is not proper.)
(5) धीवरैः जलाशये जालं क्षिप्तम्। (The fishermen cast nets in the lake.)
(6) यद्भविष्यः धीवरैः प्राप्तः व्यापादितः च। (Yadbhavishya was caught and killed by the fishermen.)
In simple words: Arrange the sentences in the sequence they happen in the story. First, the fishermen decide to kill the fish. Then Anagathavidhata decides to leave. Pratyutpannamati questions where to go without proof. Yadbhavishya argues against leaving the ancestral home. Finally, the fishermen arrive, cast nets, and Yadbhavishya is caught and killed.

Exam Tip: Read the entire passage carefully to understand the flow of events and character dialogues before attempting to reorder sentences.

 

Question 1. What did fishermen think on seeing the lake?
Answer: On seeing the lake, fishermen thought, “Ah! How wonderful! This lake is full of many fish. How come we saw it only today? Now everything is settled. We will come tomorrow and kill the fish, tortoise, and other creatures. There is enough for us.”
In simple words: When the fishermen saw the lake, they were excited. They realized it had lots of fish and decided to return tomorrow to catch them.

Exam Tip: For direct questions, always extract the exact thoughts or words attributed to the characters in the story.

 

Question 2. What did fish tell one other on listening to fishermen's conversation?
Answer: After hearing the fishermen's discussion, the fish asked each other, “What should we do after hearing these words from the fishermen?” The fishermen's speech impacted them like a thunderbolt.
In simple words: The fish were shocked by the fishermen's talk and wondered what they should do next.

Exam Tip: Describe the immediate reaction of the fish and their collective concern after hearing the fishermen's plans.

 

Question 3. What was the opinion of अनागतविधाता?
Answer: Anagathavidhata expressed his view, saying, “The fishermen will surely come here and kill the fish. So it is not right to stay here even for a moment. We should go to some other lake tonight only. As for me, I am going to leave for the other lake.”
In simple words: Anagathavidhata believed it was unsafe to stay. He wanted to leave for another lake right away with his family to avoid being caught.

Exam Tip: Clearly state Anagathavidhata's foresight and his proactive decision to avoid the impending danger.

 

Question 4. Why did प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः give the idea to go to another lake?
Answer: Pratyutpannamati said, "Where should I go since there is no proof of what will happen in the future? When the right occasion appears, whatever seems appropriate to be done should be done. It is often stated that he who handles calamity when it arrives is intelligent.” Being confident of his own intelligence, Pratyutpannamati gave up the idea of going to another lake.
In simple words: Pratyutpannamati chose not to leave, arguing that without clear proof of future danger, it's better to act when the problem actually shows up. He trusted his own quick thinking.

Exam Tip: Distinguish Pratyutpannamati's strategy of quick, on-the-spot thinking from Anagathavidhata's proactive planning.

 

Question 5. What does यद्भविष्य believe about leaving the lake?
Answer: According to Yadbhavishya, it was not appropriate to leave the lake just because of hearing the fishermen's words. After all, the lake was their ancestral home. If life is destined to end, changing place will be of no use. It is said that whatever is meant to happen will happen, and it will not be otherwise. This way of thinking is like a remedy that puts an end to all worries.
In simple words: Yadbhavishya felt leaving the ancestral lake was wrong. He believed in fate, thinking that what's meant to happen will happen regardless of changing places.

Exam Tip: Highlight Yadbhavishya's fatalistic approach, his attachment to the ancestral home, and his belief that destiny cannot be changed.

 

Question 6. What is the moral of the story?
Answer: The moral of this story is as follows: A person who visualizes the future and takes appropriate steps to overcome potential trouble (Anagathavidhata), as well as someone who is quick-witted enough to make a fast decision (Pratyutpannamati), leads a happy life. However, someone who is lazy and leaves everything to chance is certainly ruined.
In simple words: The story teaches that it's good to plan for future problems or to be smart enough to solve them quickly. But being lazy and leaving everything to luck will only lead to trouble.

Exam Tip: When stating the moral, mention each character's approach and the outcome of their actions to provide a comprehensive lesson.

 

Question 9. Match the words from column 'B' with their speakers from column 'A':

Answer:1. धीवराः – अहो बहुमत्स्योऽयं हृदः। (The fishermen: "Oh, what a lake full of fish!") 2. अनागतविधाता – तन्न युक्तं साम्प्रतं क्षणमपि अत्र अवस्थातुम्। (Anagathavidhata: "It is not right to stay here even for a moment now.") 3. यद्भविष्यः – यद्भावि न तद्भावि। (Yadbhavishya: "What is to happen, will happen; what is not to happen, will not.") 4. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः – तदुत्पन्ने यथाकार्यं तदनुष्ठेयम्। (Pratyutpannamati: "When trouble arises, action should be taken accordingly.")
In simple words: Match each speaker to the sentence they said in the story. This shows who said what important line.

Exam Tip: Memorize key dialogues spoken by each character to correctly match them with their statements in such questions.

 

Question 1. धीवराणां वचनं कीदृशम् आसीत्?
Answer: धीवराणां वचनं कुलिशोपमम् आसीत्।
In simple words: Fishermen's words were like a thunderbolt.

Exam Tip: When describing speech, use vivid adjectives like 'कुलिशोपमम्' (like a thunderbolt) to convey its impact.

 

Question 2. 'उत्पन्नामापदं यस्तु समाधत्ते स बुद्धिमान्।' इति सूक्तिं कः वदति?
Answer: इति सूक्तिं प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः वदति।
In simple words: This saying, "He who solves a problem when it arises is wise," is spoken by Pratyutpannamati.

Exam Tip: Associate famous sayings or maxims in the story with the character who utters or embodies them.

 

Question 3. जालेन बद्धः प्रत्युत्पन्नमति केन प्रकारणे स्थितः?
Answer: जालेन बद्धः प्रत्युत्पन्नमति मृतवद् आत्मानं संदर्घ्य स्थितः।
In simple words: Pratyutpannamati, caught in the net, stayed pretending to be dead.

Exam Tip: Focus on the specific action and state (pretending to be dead) that Pratyutpannamati adopted to escape.

 

Question 4. एकस्मिन् जलाशये किं नाम धेयाः कति मत्स्याः अवसन्?
Answer: एकस्मिन् जलाशये अनागतविधाता, प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः, यद्भविष्यः चेति नाम त्रयः मत्स्याः अवसन्।
In simple words: In a lake, there lived three fish named Anagathavidhata, Pratyutpannamati, and Yadbhavishya.

Exam Tip: Clearly list all characters and the quantity mentioned in the question (three fish).

 

Question 5. जलाशयं दृष्ट्ा धीवराः कं निश्चयम् अकुर्वन् ?
Answer: जलाशयं दृष्ट्वा धीवराः निश्चयम् अकुर्वन् यत् श्वः अत्रागम्य मत्स्यकूर्मादयो व्यापादयितव्याः।
In simple words: Seeing the lake, the fishermen decided that they would come there tomorrow to kill the fish and tortoises.

Exam Tip: State the fishermen's exact resolution, including what they planned to do and when.

 

Question 6. 'नूनं प्रभातसमये धीवरा अत्रागम्य मत्स्य संक्षयं करिष्यन्ति' इति वचनं कस्य?
Answer: इदं वचनम् अनागतविधाता इति मत्स्यस्य।
In simple words: This statement, "Surely in the morning, the fishermen will come here and destroy the fish," is of the fish named Anagathavidhata.

Exam Tip: Attribute specific dialogues correctly to the character who speaks them, identifying their unique perspective.

 

Question 7. कीदृशस्य जलाशयस्य त्यागः न योग्यः ?
Answer: यद्भविष्यस्य मतानुसारं पितृपैतामहिकस्य जलाशयस्य त्यागः न योग्यः।
In simple words: According to Yadbhavishya, abandoning an ancestral lake is not appropriate.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the character's opinion and the type of lake (ancestral) that should not be abandoned.

 

Question 8. कौ द्वौ सुखमेधेते?
Answer: अनागतविधाता, प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः च सुखमेधेते।।
In simple words: Anagathavidhata and Pratyutpannamati both prospered happily.

Exam Tip: Identify the characters who were successful or happy, linking their actions to their positive outcome.

 

Question 2.1. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to number: जलम्
Answer:

In simple words: The word 'जलम्' (water) changes its form to 'जले' for dual and 'जलानि' for plural in the nominative/accusative case.

Exam Tip: Practice noun declensions for neuter nouns like 'जलम्', focusing on the nominative and accusative plural endings.

 

Question 2.2. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to number: मेघम्
Answer:

In simple words: The word 'मेघम्' (cloud) changes to 'मेघौ' for dual and 'मेधान्' for plural in the accusative case.

Exam Tip: For masculine nouns ending in 'a' (like 'मेघ'), remember the 'au' and 'ān' endings in dual and plural accusative cases respectively.

 

Question 2.3. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to number: मत्स्यः
Answer:

In simple words: The word 'मत्स्यः' (fish) changes to 'मत्स्यौ' for dual and 'मत्स्याः' for plural in the nominative case.

Exam Tip: Practice the declensions for masculine 'a'-ending nouns in the nominative case, noting the 'aḥ', 'au', 'āḥ' pattern.

 

Question 2.4. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to number: जलाशये
Answer:

In simple words: The word 'जलाशये' (in the lake) changes to 'जलाशययोः' for dual and 'जलाशयेषु' for plural in the locative case.

Exam Tip: The locative case (seventh case) for masculine 'a'-ending nouns uses 'e', 'ayoḥ', and 'eṣu' endings for singular, dual, and plural respectively.

 

Question 2.5. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to number: धीवरेण
Answer:

In simple words: The word 'धीवरेण' (by the fisherman) changes to 'धीवराभ्याम्' for dual and 'धीवरैः' for plural in the instrumental case.

Exam Tip: For masculine 'a'-ending nouns in the instrumental case, the endings are 'eṇa', 'ābhyām', and 'aiḥ' for singular, dual, and plural.

 

Question 2.6. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words according to number: मतू
Answer:

In simple words: This example illustrates pronoun declension, specifically 'I' (मतू), 'by us two' (आवाभ्याम्), and 'from us' (अस्मत्), showing changes in case and number.

Exam Tip: Pronoun declensions often follow different patterns than noun declensions; pay close attention to the specific forms for each pronoun.

 

Question 3.1. Write the form of words according to example: जलाशये
Answer:

In simple words: 'Jalāśaye' comes from the root 'Jalāśaya' (masculine), is in the seventh case (locative), and is singular.

Exam Tip: Identify the root, gender, and case endings (e.g., 'e' for locative singular) to correctly classify noun forms.

 

Question 3.2. Write the form of words according to example: धीवराः
Answer:

In simple words: 'Dhīvarāḥ' comes from the root 'Dhīvara' (masculine), is in the first case (nominative), and is plural.

Exam Tip: Recognize the 'āḥ' ending as a strong indicator of a masculine plural nominative form.

 

Question 3.3. Write the form of words according to example: मतये
Answer:

In simple words: 'Mataye' comes from the root 'Mati' (feminine), is in the fourth case (dative), and is singular.

Exam Tip: For 'i'-ending feminine nouns, the dative singular often takes the 'aye' ending.

 

Question 3.4. Write the form of words according to example: मृत्योः
Answer:

In simple words: 'Mṛtyoḥ' comes from the root 'Mṛtyu' (masculine), can be in the fifth (ablative) or sixth (genitive) case, and is singular.

Exam Tip: Be aware that some case endings, like 'oḥ' for 'u'-ending masculine nouns, can serve for multiple cases (ablative and genitive singular).

 

Question 3.5. Write the form of words according to example: आत्मानम्
Answer:

In simple words: 'Ātmānam' comes from the root 'ātman' (masculine), is in the second case (accusative), and is singular.

Exam Tip: For 'n'-ending masculine nouns, the accusative singular usually ends in 'ānam' or 'ānam'.

 

Question 3.6. Write the form of words according to example: नीरम्
Answer:

In simple words: 'Nīram' comes from the root 'nīra' (neuter), and can be in the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case, singular.

Exam Tip: Neuter nouns often have identical forms for the nominative and accusative singular, usually ending in 'am'.

 

Question 4.1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb according to member: तिष्ठति
Answer:

In simple words: The verb 'tiṣṭhati' (he/she/it stands) changes to 'tiṣṭhataḥ' for dual subjects and 'tiṣṭhanti' for plural subjects.

Exam Tip: Memorize the standard verb endings for singular, dual, and plural in different tenses and voices.

 

Question 4.2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb according to member: गच्छति
Answer:

In simple words: The verb 'gacchati' (he/she/it goes) changes to 'gacchataḥ' for dual and 'gacchanti' for plural subjects.

Exam Tip: Practice conjugating common verbs in the present tense (laṭ-lakāra) across all numbers.

 

Question 4.3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb according to member: इच्छामि
Answer:

In simple words: The verb 'icchāmi' (I wish) changes to 'icchāvaḥ' for dual (we two wish) and 'icchāmaḥ' for plural (we all wish).

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the first-person endings ('mi', 'vaḥ', 'maḥ') for present tense verbs.

 

Question 4.4. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb according to member: जायेत
Answer:

In simple words: The verb 'jāyeta' (may it be born) changes to 'jāyeyātām' for dual and 'jāyeran' for plural in the optative mood.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the optative mood (vidhi-liṅ) endings, which express possibility, desire, or command.

 

Question 4.5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb according to member: प्राह
Answer:

In simple words: The verb 'prāha' (he/she said) changes to 'prāhatuḥ' for dual and 'prāhuḥ' for plural, showing past tense.

Exam Tip: Learn irregular past tense forms like 'prāha' and its conjugations, as they do not follow regular patterns.

 

Question 5.1. Make Sandhis: 'धीवरैः + उक्तम्,'
Answer: = धीवरैरुक्तम्
In simple words: The words 'Dhīvaraiḥ' and 'uktam' combine to form 'Dhīvairuktam' through Visarga Sandhi.

Exam Tip: The Visarga (ः) before a soft consonant can change to 'ru' when followed by a vowel or soft consonant, and then combines with the vowel.

 

Question 5.2. Make Sandhis: 'बहुमत्स्यः + अयम्'
Answer: = बहुमत्स्योऽयम्
In simple words: 'Bahumatsyaḥ' and 'ayam' join to become 'Bahumatsyo'yam' due to Visarga Sandhi.

Exam Tip: A Visarga (ः) followed by 'a' often results in 'o' and an avagraha (ऽ) for the 'a'.

 

Question 5.3. Make Sandhis: 'कदाचित् + अपि'
Answer: = कदाचिदपि
In simple words: 'Kadācit' and 'api' combine to form 'Kadācidapi' through Jashattva Sandhi.

Exam Tip: In Jashattva Sandhi, a voiceless stop consonant at the end of a word changes to its corresponding voiced stop when followed by a vowel or voiced consonant.

 

Question 5.4. Make Sandhis: 'करिष्यन्ति + इति'
Answer: = करष्यिन्तीति
In simple words: 'Kariṣyanti' and 'iti' merge to form 'Kariṣyantīti' by lengthening the vowel before 'iti'.

Exam Tip: When 'iti' follows a word ending in a short vowel, that vowel is typically lengthened in Sandhi.

 

Question 5.5. Make Sandhis: 'तदा + अन्यत्र'
Answer: = तदान्यत्र
In simple words: 'Tadā' and 'anyatra' combine to form 'Tadānyatra' through Savarṇadīrgha Sandhi.

Exam Tip: In Savarṇadīrgha Sandhi, two similar vowels combine to form a single long vowel.

 

Question 5.6. Make Sandhis: 'मृत्युः + भविष्यति'
Answer: = मृत्युभविष्यति
In simple words: 'Mṛtyuḥ' and 'bhaviṣyati' combine to form 'Mṛtyubhavisyati' due to Visarga Sandhi.

Exam Tip: A Visarga (ः) followed by a soft consonant (like 'bh') often disappears or changes, in this case, it disappears.

 

Question 5.7. Make Sandhis: 'श्रुतः + अयम्'
Answer: – श्रुतोऽयम्
In simple words: 'Śrutaḥ' and 'ayam' combine to form 'Śruto'yam' through Visarga Sandhi.

Exam Tip: A Visarga (ः) followed by 'a' often results in 'o' and an avagraha (ऽ) for the 'a'.

 

Question 5.8. Make Sandhis: 'धीवरैः + आगत्य'
Answer: = धीवरैरागत्य
In simple words: 'Dhīvaraiḥ' and 'āgatya' combine to form 'Dhīvarairāgatya' through Rūttva Sandhi.

Exam Tip: When a Visarga (ः) is preceded by 'a' or 'ā' and followed by a vowel or soft consonant, it can change to 'r' (rūttva).

 

Question 6.1. Write the correct type of compounds: आहारवृत्तिः
Answer: आहारवृत्तिः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष
In simple words: 'Āhāravṛttiḥ' (means 'livelihood of food') is a Genitive Tatpurusha compound, where 'livelihood' is related to 'food'.

Exam Tip: Identify the relationship between the two parts of the compound; 'of' or 'for' often indicate a Tatpurusha compound, specifically Genitive.

 

Question 6.2. Write the correct type of compounds: मत्स्यकूर्मादयः
Answer: मत्स्यकूर्मादयः – बहुव्रीहि.
In simple words: 'Matsyakūrmādayaḥ' (meaning 'fish, tortoises, and others') is a Bahuvrihi compound, referring to a group that includes these elements.

Exam Tip: Bahuvrihi compounds typically refer to an external entity possessing the qualities described by the compound's elements.

 

Question 6.3. Write the correct type of compounds: कुलिशोपमम्
Answer: कुलिशोपमम् – बहुव्रीहि
In simple words: 'Kuliśopamam' (meaning 'like a thunderbolt') is a Bahuvrihi compound, describing something that possesses the likeness of a thunderbolt.

Exam Tip: Look for comparison or likeness, as these often signal a Bahuvrihi compound describing a quality.

 

Question 6.4. Write the correct type of compounds: मत्स्यसंक्षयम्
Answer: मत्स्यसंक्षयम् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष
In simple words: 'Matsyasaṅkṣayam' (meaning 'destruction of fish') is a Genitive Tatpurusha compound, where 'destruction' relates to 'fish'.

Exam Tip: When one noun modifies another in a possessive or relational sense (e.g., destruction *of* fish), it's a Tatpurusha compound.

 

Question 6.5. Write the correct type of compounds: यथाकार्यम्
Answer: यथाकार्यम् – अव्ययी भाव
In simple words: 'Yathākāryam' (meaning 'according to work') is an Avyayibhava compound, which functions as an adverb.

Exam Tip: Avyayibhava compounds often start with prefixes like 'yathā', 'anu', 'prati', and always act as indeclinable adverbs.

 

Question 6.6. Write the correct type of compounds: वचनमात्रेण
Answer: वचनमात्रेण – अव्ययी भाव
In simple words: 'Vacanamātreṇa' (meaning 'merely by words') is an Avyayibhava compound, indicating 'only by means of words'.

Exam Tip: Compounds formed with 'mātra' (only/merely) often fall under the Avyayibhava category, expressing restriction or measure.

 

Question 6.7. Write the correct type of compounds: जलाशयान्तरम्
Answer: जलाशयान्तरम् – कर्मधारय
In simple words: 'Jalāśayāntaram' (meaning 'another lake') is a Karmadharaya compound, where 'another' modifies 'lake'.

Exam Tip: Karmadharaya compounds involve an adjective-noun relationship, where one word modifies the other within the compound.

 

Question 6.8. Write the correct type of compounds: चिन्ताविषम्
Answer: चिन्ताविषम् – कर्मधारय
In simple words: 'Cintāviṣam' (meaning 'poison of worry' or 'worry-poison') is a Karmadharaya compound, comparing worry to poison.

Exam Tip: Karmadharaya compounds can also involve metaphorical comparisons, where one noun is equated to another.

 

Question 6.9. Write the correct type of compounds: यथाशक्ति
Answer: यथाशक्ति – अव्ययी भाव
In simple words: 'Yathāśakti' (meaning 'according to strength') is an Avyayibhava compound, functioning adverbially to express degree or manner.

Exam Tip: Compounds starting with 'yathā' (as per, according to) are classic examples of Avyayibhava compounds.

members of his family. These two stayed there in the lake itself. Next day the fishermen came and threw the net. Trapped in the net प्रत्युत्पन्नमति remained showing himself like (pretending to be) a dead one. Then being thrown away from the net, he jumped according to his strength and entered deep water. He was caught and killed by the fishermen. Therefore it is said. अनागतविधाता (one who provides for the future) and प्रत्युत्पन्नमति (one who is ready witted)these two prosper happily, यद्भविष्य (one who believes in come what may happen)gets completely destroyed.

Glossary:

तयो- of the two, i.e., of two male fish, प्रत्युत्पन्नमति and यद्भविष्य, निश्चयम् - decision, ज्ञात्वा - having known, निष्क्रान्तः - he went out, सह परिजनेन with the family members,. द्वौ इमौ - these two, तत्रैव - तत्र + एव there itself, स्थितौ - अतिष्ठताम् - remained or stayed, अपरेयुः - the next day, जालम् क्षिप्तम् - the net was thrown, बद्धः - bound, trapped, आत्मानम् मृतवत् संदर्घ्य showing hiself like (pretending to be) a dead being, अपसारितः - was thrown away. Note that अपसृत is the past passive participle अपसारितः is a causal past passive participle, यथाशक्ति - शक्तिम् अनतिक्रम्य (अनुसृत्य वा) अव्ययीभाव समास according to strength, उत्प्लुत्य - having jumped out, गम्भीरम् नीरम् - deep water, प्रविष्टः - प्राविशत् - entered, व्यापादितः - killed, वि + आ + पद् causal past passive participle, प्रयोजक भूत कृदन्त - masculine nominative singular. अनागतविधाता - one who provides for the future (अनागत), प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः - ready-witted, द्वावेतो - द्वौ + एतौ - these two, सुखम् - happily, easily, this is an adverb, एधेते - (thse two) prosper, become happly, एध् - present tense लट् लकार, third person, dual verb of the subject एतौ द्वौ, यद्भविष्यः - यद्भविष्य (a lazy person believing in the theory that whatever is destined to happen will happen, farafa - is ruined completely.

अव्ययानां वाक्य प्रयोगः

अव्ययाः वाक्यप्रयोगः

प्रति रामम् प्रति पश्य।