GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 1 सं वदध्वम्

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit सं वदध्वम् Questions and Answers

Question 1. पूर्वे के से जाना भागम् उपासते?
(क) मनुष्याः
(ख) असुराः
(ग) देवाः
(घ) सर्वे
Answer: (ग) देवाः
In simple words: पुरानाः देवाः ज्ञानसहिताः भागम् स्वीकुर्वन्ति स्म।

Exam Tip: Always read the Sanskrit question carefully to understand the context before selecting the appropriate option.

Question 2. कविः किं याचते?
(क) भद्रम्
(ख) दुरितम्
(ग) सुखम्
(घ) धनम्
Answer: (क) भद्रम्
In simple words: कविः शुभं वा कल्याणं प्रार्थयते।

Exam Tip: Identify the main verb in the question to know what the subject is seeking.

Question 3. जाया कीदृशीं वाचं वदतु?
(क) ललिताम्
(ख) शान्तिनाम्
(ग) ज्ञानयुताम्
(घ) शोभनाम्
Answer: (ख) शान्तिनाम्
In simple words: पत्नी शान्तं वचनं वदतु।

Exam Tip: Remember the Sanskrit terms for different qualities of speech, as these are frequently tested.

Question 4. सर्वे कीदृशाः भवन्तु ?
(क) योगिनः
(ख) मानिनः
(ग) सुखिनः
(घ) बलिनः
Answer: (ग) सुखिनः
In simple words: सर्वे जनाः प्रसन्नचित्ताः भवन्तु।

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with wishes for well-being expressed in Sanskrit verses.

Question 5. पर्जन्यः कदा वर्षतु?
(क) ह्यः
(ख) अद्य
(ग) श्वः
(घ) काले
Answer: (घ) काले
In simple words: वृष्टिः योग्यसमये एव भवतु।

Exam Tip: Pay attention to adverbs of time (like कदा, ह्यः, अद्य, श्वः, काले) in questions.

Question 6. हे देव ........ दुरितानि परासुव।
(क) अग्ने
(ख) वरुण
(ग) सवित्
(घ) वायो
Answer: (ग) सवित्
In simple words: हे सूर्यदेव, अस्माकं पापानि दूरीकुरु।

Exam Tip: Recall the deities addressed in the mantras and their specific functions.

Question 7. पुत्रः ".........." अनुव्रतः भवतु।
(क) मित्रस्य
(ख) मातुः
(ग) पितुः
(घ) स्वसुः
Answer: (ग) पितुः
In simple words: पुत्रः स्वपितुः आचरणं अनुसरतु।

Exam Tip: Understand the roles and relationships emphasized in the social context of the verses.

Question 8. ........ निरामयाः भवन्तु ।
(क) पक्षिणः
(ख) जन्तवः
(ग) सर्वे
(घ) पशवः
Answer: (ग) सर्वे
In simple words: सर्वे जनाः रोगरहिताः भवन्तु।

Exam Tip: Identify words that denote universal well-being or inclusiveness in Sanskrit prayers.

Question 9. सर्वे ........ पश्यतु।
(क) दुरितानि
(ख) फलानि
(ग) धनानि
(घ) भद्राणि
Answer: (घ) भद्राणि
In simple words: सर्वे जनाः शुभानि वस्तूनि पश्यन्तु।

Exam Tip: Distinguish between positive and negative outcomes when completing verses about well-being.

Question 10. पृथिवी ........ भवतु।
(क) बलशालिनी
(ख) सस्यशालिनी
(ग) जलपूर्णा
(घ) धनपूर्णा
Answer: (ख) सस्यशालिनी
In simple words: भूमिः धान्यसम्पन्ना भवतु।

Exam Tip: Relate the adjectives used to describe the earth (पृथिवी) to its natural features and blessings.

2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषायाम् उत्तरं लिखत – Answer in one Sanskrit sentence:

Question 2.1. पूर्वे देवाः कथं भागम् उपासते ?
Answer: पूर्वे देवाः संजानानाः भागम् उपासते।
In simple words: पूराणाः देवाः ज्ञानसहिताः भागम् स्वीकुर्वन्ति स्म।

Exam Tip: For Sanskrit one-sentence answers, provide a direct and concise response from the text.

Question 2.2. जाया कस्मै मधुमतीं वाचं वदतु?
Answer: जाया पत्ये मधुमतीं वाचं वदतु।
In simple words: पत्नी पतये मधुरां वाणीं वदतु।

Exam Tip: Identify the object of the verb to correctly form the answer in Sanskrit.

Question 2.3. मानवाः कीदृशाः सन्तु?
Answer: मानवाः निर्भयाः सन्तु।
In simple words: जनाः भयरहिताः भवन्तु।

Exam Tip: Focus on the adjective describing the human condition as requested by the question.

Question 2.4. कः क्षोभरहितः भवतु?
Answer: अयं देशः (भारतदेशः) क्षोभरहितः भवतु।
In simple words: एषः देशः शान्तिपूर्णः भवतु।

Exam Tip: When a specific entity (like 'country') is identified, ensure it's explicitly included in the answer.

3. रेखाङ्कितानां पदानां स्थाने प्रकोष्ठात् उचितं पदं प्रयुज्यं प्रश्नवाक्यं स्वयत Choose the correct word from the brackets to replace the underlined word and make interrogative sentences: (कदा, कः, कीदृशी, का)

Question 3.1. जाया मधुमती वाचं वदतु।
Answer: का मधुमती वाचं वदतु?
In simple words: "जाया" इति पदस्य स्थाने "का" इति प्रश्नवाचकं पदं प्रयुज्यते।

Exam Tip: To form an interrogative sentence, replace the underlined word with the correct 'किम' (who/what) form.

Question 3.2. पुत्रः मात्रा, संमनाः भवतु।
Answer: कः मात्रा, संमनाः भवतु?
In simple words: "पुत्रः" इति पदस्य स्थाने "कः" इति प्रश्नवाचकं पदं प्रयुज्यते।

Exam Tip: Identify the subject to be replaced and choose the appropriate masculine singular 'किम' form.

Question 3.3. काले वर्षतु पर्जन्यः।
Answer: पर्जन्यः कदा वर्षतु?
In simple words: "काले" इति पदस्य स्थाने "कदा" इति प्रश्नवाचकं पदं प्रयुज्यते।

Exam Tip: For time-related words, use 'कदा' to form the interrogative sentence.

4. आज्ञार्थस्य अन्यपुरुष बहुवचनरूपाणि चिनुत Choose the imperative mood third person plural forms:

Question 4. आज्ञार्थस्य अन्यपुरुष बहुवचनरूपाणि चिनुत Choose the imperative mood third person plural forms: भवतु सन्तु भवेत् पश्यन्तु वर्षतु भवन्तु
Answer: सन्तु, पश्यन्तु, भवन्तु
In simple words: आज्ञार्थस्य अन्यपुरुष बहुवचनरूपाणि "सन्तु", "पश्यन्तु", "भवन्तु" सन्ति।

Exam Tip: Recall the conjugations for the imperative mood (लोट् लकार) in Sanskrit, especially the third person plural forms.

5. अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि आङ्ग्लभाषायां लिखत – Answer the following questions in English:

Question 5.1. For what does the rishi request the Sun?
Answer: The sage asks the Sun to take away bad deeds or faults and provide good, fortunate things for him.
In simple words: The sage asks the Sun to remove all bad things and give him good, lucky things.

Exam Tip: When answering about prayers, clearly state what is requested and why it is important.

Question 5.2. In what way should a wife talk with her husband?
Answer: A wife should speak with her husband in a pleasant and calm way.
In simple words: A wife should speak to her husband gently and calmly.

Exam Tip: Highlight the specific qualities of communication expected, such as 'sweet' and 'peaceful'.

Question 5.3. What does the rishi expect for all?
Answer: The sage hopes everyone will be joyful, well, and fortunate to experience good things in their existence. He wishes that nobody should feel sad.
In simple words: The sage wishes for everyone to be happy, healthy, and see good things, and for no one to be sad.

Exam Tip: Include all aspects of well-being (happiness, health, good fortune) mentioned in the rishi's expectations.

Question 5.4. What does the poet make understood to do to remain united?
Answer: To stay united, the poet suggests that a son should respect his father, and a wife should speak kindly and calmly to her husband. The poet also suggests we move in agreement, speak with one voice, and share similar thoughts to remain united.
In simple words: To stay together, the poet tells a son to follow his father, a wife to speak sweetly to her husband, and everyone to work together, speak alike, and think similarly.

Exam Tip: Summarize the key advice given for unity, covering both familial and communal harmony.

Question 6. "मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग् भवेत्। Express the spirit of this maxim in your own words.
Answer: No person lives alone. We exist in a community, and our well-being or joy is linked with the well-being and joy of other people. Therefore, the poet correctly states, "May everyone be happy and healthy. May all encounter good things and let no one experience sadness." If someone nearby is sad or suffering, we cannot genuinely be happy. "मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग् भवेत्।" is a generous and honorable feeling conveyed in a very straightforward way.
In simple words: No one lives alone, so our happiness is tied to others' happiness. The maxim means everyone should be happy, healthy, and see good, with no one suffering.

Exam Tip: When explaining a maxim, first state its meaning, then elaborate on its significance in context.

7. श्लोकपूर्ति कुरुत – Complete the following verses:

Question 7.1. सं गच्छध्वं "........." उपासते।।
Answer: सं गच्छध्वं सं वदध्वं सं वो मनांसि जानताम्। देवा भागं यथा पूर्वे संः जानाना उपासते।।
In simple words: एकत्र गच्छन्तु, एकत्र वदन्तु, युष्माकं मनसां ज्ञानं भवतु। यथा देवाः पूर्वे ज्ञानसहिताः भागं स्वीकुर्वन्ति स्म।

Exam Tip: Memorize the complete verses (shlokas) to correctly fill in the missing parts.

Question 7.2. सर्वे भवन्तु.............भवेत्।।
Answer: सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः। सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग् भवेत।
In simple words: सर्वे सुखिनः भवन्तु, सर्वे निरोगिनः भवन्तु। सर्वे शुभानि पश्यन्तु, कोऽपि दुःखभाग् न भवतु।

Exam Tip: Ensure all parts of the prayer for universal well-being are accurately reproduced.

सं वदध्वम् Introduction

This first three Mantras in this lesson have been taken respectively from ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद and अथर्ववेद. The last two verses are popular prayers called शांतिमन्त्रऽ.

ऋग्वेद is the first among the Vedas. It is most ancient collection of hymns addressed to gods and deities. The verse in this book is called ऋक, ऋग्वेद consists of ten chapters that are called मंडलऽ.

Hoots contains the mantras that are useful for sacrifices. Each mantra is called Hi There are 40 chapters (अध्यायs) and 1975 mantras. The two collections (संहिताs) of यजुर्वेद are known as शुक्लयजुर्वेद and कृष्णयजुर्वेद.

अथर्ववेद is the last among the Vedas. अर्थवेद contains many forms of imprecations for the destruction of enemies, and also prayers for safety and averting mishaps, evils, sins and a number of hymns addressed to gods. For more information about the Vedas, search 'Google'. You can listen to these Mantras on You-tube. Type the first two, three words in the search box for this.

सं वदध्वम् Prose-Order, Translation And Glossary

1. सं गच्छध्वं सं वदध्वं सं वो मनांसि जानताम्। देवा भागं यथा पूर्वे सं जानाना उपासते॥ ऋग्वेद

Separation of words: सम् । गच्छध्वम् । सम् वदध्वम् / सम् / वः । मनांसि / जानताम् । देवाः / भागम् । यथा / पूर्वे / सम् / जानानाः / उपासते / - ऋग्वेदः

Prose-order: पूर्वे यथा सं जानानाः देवाः भागम् उपासते (तथा यूयम्) सम् गच्छध्वम्, सम् वध्वम्, वः मानांसि सम् जानताम्।

Translation: May you move in harmony, speak together (in one voice) let your minds be all of one accord; just as the ancient gods shared their portion of the sacrifice.

Explanation: The verse is addressed to the priests who perform a sacrifice and it explains the importance of unity. Do we not say “United we stand and divided we fall?"

Glossary: पूर्व - in the past, यथा - just as, सं जानानाः - living in harmony agreeing together, the adjective of the means जानाना: - is a present active participle of the root, ज्ञा - it means those who know, भागम् - portion, a part (of offerings made is a sacrifice), share; object of the verb, उपासते - so in the accusative case, उपासते - (they) accept, consume, the verb of the subject, देवाः उप + आस् - present tense, (लट् लकार) - third person plural, सम् गच्छध्वम् - move together (in harmony). Note that a prefix (सम्) is written separately in Vedic literature, सम् गच्छध्वम् is the verb of the subject यूयम् that is understood.

The root गम् is परस्मैपदs but with the prefix सम् it is used in आत्मनेपद, सम + गम् (I.A.) imperative mood (लोट् लकार) second person plural, गच्छध्वम्, वध्वम् - In modern or classical Sanskrit, this imperative mood, second-person plural forms would be गच्छत and वदत 'गच्छध्वम् and 'वध्वम्', the आत्मनेपद forms are peculiar to avoid Sanskrit, सम् वदध्वम् सहवदत/परस्पर विरोध परित्यज्य एकविधम् एव वाक्यं ब्रूत। - Speak-together or unanimously, वः - युष्माकम् - your, मनांसि - minds, सम् जानताम् - may your minds known similarly, जानताम्-ज्ञा - (Qu.) An imperative mood third person plural; the verb of the subject, वः मनांसि - your minds, सम् जानताम्-समानम् एकरूपम् एव अर्थम् अवगच्छन्तु।

2. विश्वानि देव सवितर्दुरितानि परा सुव। यद्भद्रं तन्नऽ आ सुव॥ 2 ॥ यजुर्वेद॥

Separation of words: विश्वानि / देव / सवितः / दुरितानि / परा / सुव / यद्भद्रम् / तन्न / आ / सुव / - यजुर्वेदः।

Prose-order: (हे) देव सवितः, विश्वानि दुरितानि परा सुव। यद् भद्रम् तद् नः आ सुवः। त्रिष्टुप)

Translation: O Sun-god, remove all evil deeds or vices (from us and) bless us with all that is good.

Explanation: The prayer is addressed to the sun-god who according to Vedas is the creator of the universe. Like the sun is the sky removes darkness and brings light, the sun-god will remove the vices and bring auspicious, good things.

Glossary: (हे) देव सवितः - O Sun-god, सवितः - the vocative singular of the noun सवित्। सवित् विश्वानि दुरितानि - all evil deeds, vices or sins, परा सुव - remove, verb of the subject त्वम् which is understood, यद् भद्रम् - whatever is good, auspicious, तद् नः - the same, for us, आ सुव - grant, secure, verb of the subject त्वम्।

3. अनुव्रतः पितुः पुत्रो मात्रा भवत् संमनाः। जाया पत्ये मधुमती वाचं वदतु शान्तिवाम् ॥3॥ अथर्ववेद

Separation of words: अनुव्रतः / पितुः / पुत्रः / मात्रा । भवतु / संमनाः / जाया / पत्ये / मधुमतीम् / वाचम् / वदतु / शान्तिवाम्। - अथर्ववेदः

Prose-order: पुत्रः पितुः अनुव्रतः मात्रा संमनाः भवतु, जाया पत्ये मधुमतीम् शान्विाम् वाचम् वदतु। (अनुष्टुम्)

Translation: May son follow the vow of father (and) be of the same thinking as that of mother. May wife speak sweet and peaceful words with (her) husband.

Explanation: Vedic civilization was patriarchal. Families were ruled by male members. The son was expected to act in accordance with the father's wishes and to be of one mind with the mother as well. The wife was expected to set on example before her children by talking to her husband in soothing words as sweet as honey.

Glossary: अनुव्रतः - one who follows the vow (व्रत) attached, devoted. This adjective is used with genitive so, पितुः मात्रा संमनाः - having the same (समान) mind (मनः) as that of mother, जाया-भार्या, wife, पत्ये - with husband, dative singular of पति, मधुमतीम् - sweet; adjective of the feminine noun वाचम्, शान्तिवाम् - peaceful, soothing, the adjective of वाचम्, वदतु - may speak; the verb of the subject जाया।

4. सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः। सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग् भवेत्॥4॥

Prose-order: सर्वे सुखिनः भवन्तु, सर्वे निरामयाः सन्तु, सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु। कश्चित दुःखभाग् मा भवेत्। (अनुष्टुम्) 63 संस्कृत-x -

Translation: May all (human beings, living beings) be happy here. May all be healthy. May all see good things. May no one be unhappy.

Explanation: Man is a social animal. He cannot be happy without the company of others. So it follows that one should wish for the happiness of all mankind. If any person in the family is unhappy, other cannot be happy. If the whole world is our family (वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्), should we not pray for the happiness of all?

Glossary: सर्वे - all human beings or living beings, सुखिनः - happy; adjective of the pronoun, सर्वे निरामयाः - free from disease or illness, healthy, भद्राणि - good things, पश्यन्तु - let (them) see; verb of the subject सर्व, दुःख भाग् - unhappy; adjective of कश्चित्-मा भवेत् - may not become; verb of the subject (कश्चित)

5. काले वर्षतु पर्जन्यः पृथिवी सस्यशालिनी।। देशोऽयं क्षोभरहितो मानवाः सन्तु निर्भयाः॥5॥

Prose-order: पर्जन्यः काले वर्षतु, पृथिवी सस्यशालिनी (अस्तु) अयम् देशः क्षोभरहितः (भवतु)। मानवाः निर्भयाः सन्तु।

Translation: May rainfall at the right time. May the earth look beautiful with crops. May this country be free from disturbance. May human beings be free from fear.

Explanation: Not the significant order of the wishes. If the rain falls at the right time, there will be good crops. If the crops are good, people will be happy. Similarly, if the country is without disturbance people will be fearless.

Glossary: पर्जन्यः - rain, काले - at the right time, वर्षतु - may shower; verb of the subject पर्जन्यः, पृथिवी - the earth, सस्यशालिनी - rich with crops; adjective of the noun, पृथिवी, अयम् देशः - this place country, क्षोभरहितः - devoid of turbulence; adjective of the noun देश:, निर्भया: - fearless; adjective of the noun मनान मन्तु - let (them) be.