GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 20 तथैव तिष्ठति

Question 1. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत – Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:
शिक्षा कस्मात कारणात् क्षयं गच्छति?
(क) अवस्थापर्ययात्
(ख) कालपर्ययात्
(ग) बुद्धिपर्ययात्
(घ) गुरुपर्ययात्
Answer: (ख) कालपर्ययात्
In simple words: Learning gets lost over time. It means that knowledge fades away with the passing of days if it is not remembered or used.

Exam Tip: When answering questions about the reasons for decay or loss, look for terms that indicate the passage of time or natural processes.

Question 2. सन्तः किं कृत्वा अन्यतरत् भजन्ते?
(क) परीक्ष्य
(ख) दृष्ट्ा
(ग) अनुभूय
(घ) विचार्य
Answer: (क) परीक्ष्य
In simple words: Good people accept something only after carefully checking it. They do not just believe everything but first test or examine it.

Exam Tip: For questions asking how wise or good people decide, the key action is usually 'examining' or 'testing' before acceptance.

Question 3. कीदृशः नीचः प्रायेण दुःसहो भवति?
(क) लब्धपदः
(ख) लब्धधनः
(ग) लब्धयशाः
(घ) लब्धविद्यः
Answer: (क) लब्धपदः
In simple words: A low-minded person who gains a high position often becomes very difficult to tolerate. Their newly acquired power makes them annoying.

Exam Tip: This question highlights a common theme in literature: how power changes character, especially in those with base tendencies. The term 'लब्धपदः' refers to someone who has obtained a position or rank.

Question 4. दुःखानि अनुभूय किं शोभते?
(क) धर्म:
(ख) धनम्
(ग) विद्या
(घ) सुखम्
Answer: (घ) सुखम्
In simple words: After experiencing difficulties, happiness shines brighter. It means that joy is appreciated more when one has gone through hard times.

Exam Tip: This question focuses on the contrast between suffering and happiness, suggesting that adversity enhances the value of positive experiences.

Question 5. सुजनो न याति वैरं ...... विनाशकाले अपि।
(क) परहितनिरतः
(ख) परकर्मनिरतः
(ग) परधर्मनिरतः
(घ) परहानिनिरतः
Answer: (क) परहितनिरतः
In simple words: A good person, who is always focused on others' well-being, does not turn hostile even in their time of destruction. They remain kind even when facing difficulties.

Exam Tip: This question praises the unwavering nature of virtuous individuals. The blank needs a word describing their inherent quality or focus.

Question 1. सुबद्धमूलाः पादपाः कस्मात् कारणात् निपतन्ति?
Answer: सुबद्धमूलाः पादपाः कालपर्ययात् निपतन्ति। This means that trees with strong roots still fall because of the passage of time. Even deep-rooted things eventually yield to time.
In simple words: Even trees with strong roots fall down because time passes.

Exam Tip: Remember that "कालपर्ययात्" refers to the passage of time, which is a key concept in many Sanskrit verses about impermanence.

Question 2. मूढः जनः कीदृशः भवति?
Answer: मूढ़ जनः परप्रत्ययनेयबुद्धि भवति। This explains that a foolish person has an intellect that is easily led by the opinions of others. They lack their own sound judgment.
In simple words: A foolish person has thoughts easily swayed by others' opinions.

Exam Tip: The term "परप्रत्ययनेयबुद्धि" is crucial here, meaning "whose intellect is led by the conviction of others." Understand this compound word to answer correctly.

Question 3. लोकोत्तराणां चेतांसि कस्मादपि मृदूनि भवन्ति?
Answer: लोकोत्तराणां चेतांसि कुसुमात् अपि मृदूनि भवन्ति। This states that the minds of extraordinary people are softer even than a flower. This shows their extreme compassion and sensitivity.
In simple words: The hearts of special people are softer than a flower.

Exam Tip: This question uses a simile to describe the nature of great souls. Focusing on "कुसुमात् अपि मृदूनि" (softer than a flower) is key to the answer.

Question 4. सुखं कदा शोभते?
Answer: सुखं दुःखानि अनुभूय शोभते। Happiness truly shines and is appreciated after experiencing sorrows. The contrast makes joy more meaningful.
In simple words: Happiness looks good after experiencing sadness.

Exam Tip: The phrase "दुःखानि अनुभूय" (having experienced sorrows) is essential. It highlights that previous hardship enhances the present good.

Question 3. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत – Dissolve sandhis:
Answer:
(1) नवमित्यवद्यम् = नवम् + इति + अवद्यम्
(2) कुसुमादपि = कुसुमात् + अपि
(3) अन्यस्माल्लब्धपदो नीचः = अन्यस्मात् + लब्धपदः + नीचः
(4) यो याति = यः + याति
(5) विनाशकालेऽपि = विनाशकाले + अपि
In simple words: To break down the words, we split them into their original parts. This helps us see how different words join together to form a new sound or meaning.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific Sandhi rules, such as those involving 'm' becoming 't' or 'd' becoming 'l', and the addition of 'iti' (इति) in certain cases.

Question 4. समासप्रकारं लिखत – Name the type of compound:
Answer:
(1) सुबद्धमूलाः – बहुव्रीहि समासः
(2) लोकोत्तराणाम् – पञ्चमी तत्पुरुष समासः
(3) लब्धपदः – बहुव्रीहि समासः
(4) वालुकानिकरः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः
(5) परहितनिरतः – चतुर्थी and सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समासः
In simple words: We identify the type of compound word by looking at how its parts combine and which part is more important in defining the whole meaning. Each type has its own rule.

Exam Tip: For Samasa, always analyze the relationship between the components. Bahuvrihi compounds describe someone or something, while Tatpurusha compounds show a specific case relationship.

Question 5. रिक्तस्थाने विशेष्यानुसार योग्यं कोष्ठगतं विशेषणपदं लिखत – Write proper adjective according to substantive:
Answer:
(1) सुबद्धमूलाः पादपाः निपतन्ति। (सुबद्धमूल)
(2) नवम् काव्यम् अवद्य भवति इति न। (नव)
(3) लोकोत्तराणां चेतांसि वज्रादपि कठोराणि भवन्ति। (कठोर)
(4) नीचः प्रायेण दुःसह भवति। (दुःसह)
(5) परहितनिरतः सुजनः विनाशकालेऽपि वैरं न याति। (पराहितनिरत)
In simple words: We fill in the blanks with the correct adjective form. The adjective must match the noun it describes in gender, number, and case to be grammatically right.

Exam Tip: Agreement between adjective and substantive (noun) is crucial in Sanskrit. Ensure the chosen adjective form (gender, number, case) perfectly matches the noun it modifies.

Question 1. Difference between good and foolish person.
Answer: A good person praises or accepts anything only after careful examination. They do not base their judgment on how old or new something is. In short, they have an open mind, ready to judge everything fairly. A foolish person blindly trusts or depends on what others know. This is the view shown in the play's prologue.
In simple words: Good people check things before accepting them, while foolish people believe others without thought.

Exam Tip: When distinguishing between characters, focus on their decision-making processes and the basis of their beliefs. Good characters are analytical, while foolish ones are credulous.

Question 2. Mentality of a mean-minded person.
Answer: A mean-minded person becomes more significant when they get a high position and the power to trouble others that comes with it. Since they know they might lose the post anytime, this fear and feeling of insecurity make them more annoying to everyone around them.
In simple words: A mean person with power causes more trouble because their fear of losing it makes them more annoying.

Exam Tip: This answer illustrates the corrupting effect of power on a base character. Highlight how insecurity drives their bothersome behavior.

Question 3. Nature of a good person.
Answer: A truly good person is naturally inclined towards doing good for others. They are selfless in the sense that their goodness does not depend on how others act towards them. A sandalwood tree makes the axe's edge fragrant even when it is being cut. A person who is good to those who want to destroy them is the rarest human being. Goodness can never be taken from them.
In simple words: Good people are naturally kind, selfless, and do good even to their enemies, just like sandalwood makes the axe fragrant. Their goodness cannot be removed.

Exam Tip: Use the analogy of the sandalwood tree to powerfully illustrate the enduring and inherent nature of a good person's kindness, even in adverse situations.

Question 1. शिक्षा क्षयं गच्छति कालपर्ययात् सुबद्धमूला: निपतन्ति पादपाः। जलं जलस्थानगतं च शुष्यति हुतं च दत्तं च तथैव तिष्ठति ॥
Answer: This is spoken by Karna to his charioteer, who attempts to stop him from giving away his divine weapons and earrings to Indra, disguised as a Brahmin. Learning is forgotten after some time. Trees, even with strong roots, fall down. Water in the reservoir dries up, but oblations given in sacrifice and acts of charity last forever.
In simple words: Karna says learning is forgotten, strong trees fall, and water dries up, but offerings in sacrifice and gifts of charity last forever.

Exam Tip: This verse emphasizes the eternal nature of good deeds compared to transient material possessions or knowledge. Focus on the contrast between what perishes and what endures.

Question 2. वज्रादपि कठोराणि मृदूनि कुसुमादपि। लोकोत्तराणां चेतांसि को नु विज्ञातुमर्हति।।
Answer: The great poet Bhavabhuti says in this verse, "Who can truly understand the minds of the great, which are softer than a flower and harder than a thunderbolt?" The floral softness and thunderbolt-like firmness are characteristics of great souls. They become generous and compassionate or harsh, depending on the situation. Lord Rama abandoned Sita, appearing to be hard, but he performed a horse-sacrifice with a golden image of Sita beside him. Hearing this, Vasanti, a female ascetic, utters these words, which have been quoted many times.
In simple words: Bhavabhuti asks who can understand great minds, which are both softer than a flower and harder than a thunderbolt. They are kind or harsh as needed.

Exam Tip: This verse highlights the complex and paradoxical nature of great personalities. Emphasize their ability to show both extreme softness (compassion) and extreme hardness (resolve) as the situation demands.

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit तथैव तिष्ठति Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. अधोदत्तानां पद्यांशानाम् आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवाद चिनुत – Translate the following sentences into English:

Question 1. हुतं च दत्तं च तथैव तिष्ठति।
Answer: That which is offered as an oblation into the sacrificial fire and that which is given in charity remain as it is.
In simple words: What is given in offerings or charity stays forever.

Exam Tip: This sentence is a concise statement about the permanence of good deeds, specifically sacrifices and acts of giving. Focus on the lasting nature of these actions.

Question 2. लोकोत्तराणां चेतांसि को नु विज्ञातुमर्हति?
Answer: Who indeed is able to comprehend the hearts of the extraordinary persons?
In simple words: Who can truly understand the minds of extraordinary people?

Exam Tip: The question emphasizes the difficulty of understanding great souls due to their unique qualities and profound thoughts. The answer should reflect this sense of wonder or mystery.

Question 3. पुराणामित्येव न साधु सर्व।
Answer: All that is old is not good only because it is old.
In simple words: Not everything old is good just because it is old.

Exam Tip: This proverb cautions against valuing something solely based on its age. It encourages critical evaluation rather than blind reverence for tradition.

Question 4. अन्यस्माल्लब्धपदो नीचः प्रायेण दुःसहो भवति।
Answer: The wicked man who has got a (high) post due to the other person usually becomes unbearable.
In simple words: A bad person who gets a high position from another person usually becomes impossible to tolerate.

Exam Tip: This statement warns about the negative impact of undeserved power on wicked individuals, making them more oppressive or insufferable.

2. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां समानार्थकान् शब्द (पर्यायशब्दान्) चिनुत – Choose the synonyms of following word

Question 1. 'पादपः' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) वृक्षः
(ख) वनस्पतिः
(ग) फलिनः
(घ) लता
Answer: (क) वृक्षः
In simple words: The word 'पादपः' means a tree. So, the correct synonym for it is 'वृक्षः', which also means tree.

Exam Tip: When looking for synonyms, choose the word that most directly and commonly shares the same meaning. 'वनस्पतिः' is a broader term for plant life.

Question 2. 'दरिद्रता' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) दीनः
(ख) दैन्यम्
(ग) क्षुद्रता
(घ) दुर्गतिः
Answer: (ख) दैन्यम्
In simple words: 'दरिद्रता' refers to poverty or a state of destitution. 'दैन्यम्' is the most accurate synonym, also meaning misery or poverty.

Exam Tip: While other options relate to misfortune, 'दैन्यम्' specifically captures the sense of destitution and poverty associated with 'दरिद्रता'.

Question 3. 'निधि': इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) संग्रहः
(ख) निधानम्
(ग) निधनम्
(घ) निदानम्
Answer: (ख) निधानम्
In simple words: 'निधि:' means a treasure or a store. 'निधानम्' is its direct synonym, also referring to a treasure, deposit, or fund.

Exam Tip: Be careful with similar-sounding words like 'निधनम्' (death). 'निधि' and 'निधानम्' both denote wealth or something valuable kept hidden or stored.

Question 4. 'नवम् इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) नूतनम्
(ख) हुतम्
(ग) मृदु
(घ) अनुगम्
Answer: (क) नूतनम्
In simple words: 'नवम्' means new. The correct synonym is 'नूतनम्', which also means new or fresh.

Exam Tip: This is a straightforward synonym pair. Ensure you know the basic meanings of common adjectives.

Question 5. 'प्रायेण' इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्दः कः?
(क) आम्
(ख) एवम्
(ग) नूनम्
(घ) प्रायः
Answer: (घ) प्रायः
In simple words: 'प्रायेण' means mostly or usually. Its direct synonym is 'प्रायः', which conveys the same meaning of generally or for the most part.

Exam Tip: Both 'प्रायेण' and 'प्रायः' are adverbs indicating frequency or common occurrence. Recognize that sometimes synonyms might be very similar in form.

3. अधोदत्तानां शब्दानां विरुद्धार्थकान् शब्दान् चिनुत Choose the antonym for given word:

Question 1. 'दरिद्रता' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) दारिघम्
(ख) दीनः
(ग) धनाढ्यता
(घ) दैन्यम्
Answer: (ग) धनाढ्यता
In simple words: 'दरिद्रता' means poverty. The opposite of poverty is wealth or richness, which is represented by 'धनाढ्यता'.

Exam Tip: To find antonyms, consider the core meaning of the word. Poverty (दरिद्रता) is directly contrasted with wealth (धनाढ्यता).

Question 2. 'सुबद्धम्' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) दृढः
(ख) शिथिलम्
(ग) सुदृढम्
(घ) सुष्ठुतया
Answer: (ख) शिथिलम्
In simple words: 'सुबद्धम्' means well-tied or strongly bound. The opposite is 'शिथिलम्', which means loose or slack.

Exam Tip: The prefix 'सु-' often indicates 'well' or 'good'. To find the antonym, look for a word that conveys the opposite state of being unbound or weak.

Question 3. 'परीक्ष्य' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) अपरीक्ष्य
(ख) दृष्ट्ा
(ग) ईक्षित्वा
(घ) अवलोक्य
Answer: (क) अपरीक्ष्य
In simple words: 'परीक्ष्य' means having examined. The opposite is 'अपरीक्ष्य', meaning without examining or untested.

Exam Tip: The negative prefix 'अ-' is commonly used to form antonyms in Sanskrit. If 'परीक्ष्य' means to examine, 'अपरीक्ष्य' logically means not to examine.

Question 4. "विज्ञातुम' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) ज्ञातुम
(ख) अवगन्तुम्
(ग) बोधितुम्
(घ) अनवगन्तुम्
Answer: (घ) अनवगन्तुम्
In simple words: 'विज्ञातुम' means to know or to understand. The opposite is 'अनवगन्तुम्', which means not to understand or to be ignorant.

Exam Tip: Similar to 'परीक्ष्य', the negative prefix 'अन-' (or 'अन्' before a vowel) is used here to create the antonym for 'understanding'.

Question 5. 'मृतः' इति शब्दस्य विरुद्धार्थकः शब्दः कः?
(क) जीवितः
(ख) निर्जीवः
(ग) जडः
(घ) अचेतनः
Answer: (क) जीवितः
In simple words: 'मृतः' means dead. The opposite is 'जीवितः', meaning alive.

Exam Tip: This is a fundamental antonym pair. 'निर्जीवः', 'जडः', and 'अचेतनः' also relate to lifelessness but 'जीवितः' is the direct opposite of 'मृतः'.

4. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत Make sandhis:

Question 1. 'विनाशकाले + अपि' – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) विनाशकलेपि
(ख) विनाशकालेऽपि
(ग) विनाशकालोऽपि
(घ) विनाशकालपी
Answer: (ख) विनाशकालेऽपि
In simple words: When 'विनाशकाले' (at the time of destruction) and 'अपि' (even) are joined, the 'e' sound from 'काले' and 'a' from 'अपि' combine to form 'ऽ' (Avagraha) resulting in 'विनाशकालेऽपि'.

Exam Tip: This is an example of Purvarupa Sandhi, where an 'a' (अ) following 'e' (ए) or 'o' (ओ) is absorbed and marked with an Avagraha (ऽ).

Question 2. 'दुःखानि + अनुभूय' – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) दु:खानुभूय
(ख) दुःखानिभूय
(ग) दुःखान्यभू
(घ) दुःखान्यनुभूय
Answer: (घ) दुःखान्यनुभूय
In simple words: When 'दुःखानि' (sorrows) and 'अनुभूय' (having experienced) combine, the final 'i' of 'दुःखानि' changes to 'y' (य्) before the vowel 'a' of 'अनुभूय', forming 'दुःखान्यनुभूय'.

Exam Tip: This illustrates a common rule in Sanskrit Sandhi (Yan Sandhi) where 'i' or 'ī' changes to 'y' before a dissimilar vowel.

Question 3. 'पुराणम् + इति+एव'-एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) पुराणमित्येव
(ख) पुराणमितियेव
(ग) पुराणमितीव
(घ) पुराणमितेव
Answer: (क) पुराणमित्येव
In simple words: When 'पुराणम्' (old), 'इति' (thus), and 'एव' (only) combine, 'म्' (m) becomes 'न्' (n) before 'इ', then 'इ' combines with 'ए' to form 'ये', resulting in 'पुराणमित्येव'.

Exam Tip: This involves multiple Sandhi rules: first, the 'm' of 'पुराणम्' changes, and then 'इति + एव' combines to form 'इत्येव' (Yan Sandhi followed by Vriddhi Sandhi in some interpretations or a direct blend of 'i' + 'e' becoming 'ye').

5. उचितेन विशेषण रिक्तस्थानं प्ररय – Fill in the blanks with appropriate adjective:

Question 1. ............... सुजनः विनाशकालेऽपि वैरं न याति।
(क) परहितनिरतम्
(ख) परहितनिरताय
(ग) परहितनिरतः
(घ) परहितनिरते
Answer: (ग) परहितनिरतः
In simple words: The blank needs an adjective that fits 'सुजनः' (a good person) in its masculine singular nominative form. 'परहितनिरतः' (devoted to others' welfare) correctly matches this.

Exam Tip: Always check the gender, number, and case of the noun being modified. 'सुजनः' is masculine singular nominative, so its adjective must also be masculine singular nominative.

Question 2. ............... काव्यम् अवद्यं न भवति इति।
(क) नवानि
(ख) नवस्य
(ग) नवात्
(घ) नवम्
Answer: (घ) नवम्
In simple words: The blank needs an adjective for 'काव्यम्' (poetry), which is neuter singular nominative. 'नवम्' (new) is the correct form to match it.

Exam Tip: The word 'काव्यम्' is neuter singular in this context. Therefore, the adjective modifying it must also be in the neuter singular nominative form, which is 'नवम्'.