GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 18 मुक्तानि मुक्तकानि

Question 1. कस्य मूर्तिः पवर्गरचिता अस्ति?
(क) कृष्णस्य
(ख) रामस्य
(ग) शिवस्य
(घ) विष्णोः
Answer: (ग) शिवस्य
In simple words: The statue is made of the 'pavarga' letters, and it belongs to Shiva.

Exam Tip: Remember to correctly identify the deity associated with the "pavarga" letters as mentioned in the text to select the proper option.

Question 2. किम् उपादेयम् अस्ति?
(क) कार्यम्
(ख) अकार्यम्
(ग) गुरुवचनम्
(घ) मित्रवचनम्
Answer: (ग) गुरुवचनम्
In simple words: What is worth accepting or adopting? It is the advice or words of a guru.

Exam Tip: Focus on the core message of the verse or teaching that emphasizes the value of a guru's words.

Question 3. यः शिष्यस्य ........... उद्यतः सः गुरुः।
(क) हिताय
(ख) सुखाय
(ग) धनाय
(घ) रक्षणाय
Answer: (क) हिताय
In simple words: A true guru is someone who always works for the good or well-being of their student.

Exam Tip: Understand the qualities of a good teacher as depicted in the text; "हिताय" means 'for welfare' or 'for good'.

Question 4. का नदी त्वरिता वहति?
(क) गङ्गा
(ख) यमुना
(ग) सरस्वती
(घ) नर्मदा
Answer: (क) गङ्गा
In simple words: Which river flows very quickly? The Ganga river moves fast.

Exam Tip: Recall the specific river mentioned in the verse that is known for its quick flow.

Question 5. कर्मणा पुरुष.......... भवति।
(क) द्विगुः
(ख) तत्पुरुषः
(ग) द्वन्द्वः
(घ) बहुव्रीहिः
Answer: (घ) बहुव्रीहिः
In simple words: By one's actions, a person becomes a 'बहुव्रीहि' (rich or prosperous).

Exam Tip: Connect the idea of "कर्मणा" (by action) with the outcome that the "बहुव्रीहि" compound implies, which is often about a person having many possessions or qualities.

Question 6. मद्नेहि नित्यं किं वर्तते?
(क) अव्ययीभावः
(ख) बहुव्रीहिः
(ग) द्विगुः
(घ) द्वन्द्वः
Answer: (क) अव्ययीभावः
In simple words: What always exists in my house? It is an "avyayibhava" (a state of no expense or unchanging condition).

Exam Tip: Identify the compound that describes an unchanging or stable condition, often associated with words like 'always' or 'without change'.

Question 7. तृतीयाविभक्तेः रूपं किम् ?
(क) वः
(ख) मया
(ग) द्विगुः
(घ) कदा
Answer: (ख) मया
In simple words: Which option shows a form of the third case ending (Tritiya Vibhakti)? The word 'मया' represents this case.

Exam Tip: Review the different case endings for pronouns and nouns to recognize the correct form for the third case.

Question 8. विध्यर्थकृदन्तस्य उदाहरणं किम्?
(क) कृतवान्
(ख) दृष्ट्ा
(ग) रचिता
(घ) कर्मव्यम्
Answer: (घ) कर्मव्यम्
In simple words: What is an example of a potential passive participle (vidhyartha kridanta)? The word 'कर्मव्यम्' shows this type of verb form.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with different types of participles and their endings to correctly identify them in Sanskrit grammar.

Question 1. हेयं किम् अस्ति?
Answer: अकार्यं हेयम् अस्ति। (What should be avoided? That which is not proper to do should be avoided.)
In simple words: What should be left aside? Things that are not right to do must be given up.

Exam Tip: When asked what is to be avoided, think about actions that are incorrect or inappropriate according to moral guidelines.

Question 2. का कैलासं नगं नयति?
Answer: गानसरस्वती कैलासं नगं नयति। (Who carries Kailash mountain? The Goddess of Music, Saraswati, carries Kailash mountain.)
In simple words: Who carries Mount Kailash? It is Saraswati, the goddess of music, who brings Kailash.

Exam Tip: This question refers to a riddle or a metaphorical statement. Focus on the unusual association between a deity and a mountain to find the answer.

Question 3. पितुः का आज्ञा?
Answer: शस्त्रं न खलु कर्तव्यम् इति पितुः आज्ञा। (What is the father's command? The father's command is that a weapon certainly should not be used.)
In simple words: What was the father's order? The father ordered that no weapon should ever be used.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific command given by the father concerning weapons.

Question 1. युधिष्ठिरः धर्मस्य पुत्रः।
Answer: युधिष्ठिरः कस्य पुत्रः? (Yudhishthira is whose son?)
In simple words: Yudhishthira is the son of Dharma. The question asks, "Whose son is Yudhishthira?"

Exam Tip: When converting a statement to an interrogative sentence, identify the key noun that needs to be questioned and replace it with the appropriate interrogative pronoun.

Question 2. गुङ्गा कैलासं न नयति।
Answer: का कैलासं न नयति? (Who does not carry Kailash mountain?)
In simple words: Ganga does not carry Kailash mountain. The question asks, "Who does not carry Kailash mountain?"

Exam Tip: For sentences with a negative, ensure the interrogative sentence also reflects that negation where appropriate.

Question 3. वृक्षस्याग्रे फलं दृष्टम्।
Answer: वृक्षस्याग्रे किम् दृष्टम्? (What is seen on the top of the tree?)
In simple words: Fruit is seen on the top of the tree. The question asks, "What is seen on the top of the tree?"

Exam Tip: Identify the object in the sentence that needs to be questioned and use the correct interrogative pronoun to replace it.

Question 1. अपवर्गप्रदास्तु
Answer: अपवर्गप्रदा + अस्तु
In simple words: The word 'apavargapradastu' can be broken down into 'apavargaprada' and 'astu'.

Exam Tip: Practice identifying common sandhi rules, especially for vowels and visarga, to correctly separate the words.

Question 2. अपूर्वोऽयम्
Answer: अपूर्वः + अयम्
In simple words: The word 'apurvo'yam' is divided into 'apurvah' and 'ayam'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the transformation of the visarga into 'o' before certain letters in sandhi rules.

Question 3. पितुराज्ञा
Answer: पितुः + आज्ञा
In simple words: The word 'piturajna' can be separated into 'pituh' and 'ajna'.

Exam Tip: Observe how 'r' often indicates a visarga sandhi with a following vowel.

Question 4. द्विगुरपि
Answer: द्विगुः + अपि
In simple words: The word 'dvigurapi' breaks down into 'dviguh' and 'api'.

Exam Tip: Similar to 'piturajna', the 'r' in 'dvigurapi' points to a visarga sandhi.

Question 1. गुरुवचनम्
Answer: षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः
In simple words: The compound 'guruvachanam' is a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

Exam Tip: A Tatpurusha compound where the first word is in the genitive case (sixth case) is known as a Shashti Tatpurusha.

Question 2. फलाग्रे
Answer: षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः
In simple words: The word 'phalagre' forms a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

Exam Tip: Identify the relationship between the two parts of the compound, where "fruit's front" indicates a genitive connection.

Question 3. गानसरस्वती
Answer: षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः
In simple words: The term 'ganasaraswati' is an example of a Genitive Tatpurusha compound.

Exam Tip: Here, "Saraswati of song" implies a possessive or genitive relationship, pointing to Shashti Tatpurusha.

Question 4. बहुव्रीहिः
Answer: बहुव्रीहि समासः
In simple words: The term 'bahuvrihih' itself is a Bahuvrihi compound.

Exam Tip: Understand that a Bahuvrihi compound describes a characteristic of something else, rather than the objects themselves, as in "one who has much rice."

Question 1. हिताय
Answer: हित (नपु.) नाम्नः चतुर्थी एकवचनम्
In simple words: 'Hitaya' is the dative singular form of the neuter noun 'hita'.

Exam Tip: Memorize the declension patterns for common nouns in different genders and cases to accurately identify their forms.

Question 2. हंसस्य
Answer: हंस (पु.) नाम्नः षष्ठी एकवचनम्
In simple words: 'Hansasya' is the genitive singular form of the masculine noun 'hansa'.

Exam Tip: Recognize the 'sya' ending as a strong indicator of the genitive singular for masculine nouns.

Question 3. मया
Answer: अस्मद् (त्रिषु लिङ्गेषु समान) सर्वनाम्नः तृतीया एकवचनम्
In simple words: 'Maya' is the instrumental singular form of the pronoun 'asmad', which is the same across all three genders.

Exam Tip: Learn the declensions of common pronouns like 'asmad' (I/we) and 'yushmad' (you) as they have unique patterns.

Question 4. कमललोचने
Answer: कमललोचना (स्त्री.) नाम्नः सम्बोधने एकवचनम्।
In simple words: 'Kamalalochané' is the vocative singular form of the feminine noun 'kamalalochana'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the context to determine if a form is vocative (used for addressing someone), as it sometimes matches other case endings.

Question 1. How is the image of शिव, giving salvation formed with?
Answer: The image of Lord शिव is created using five specific things: पिनाक (a bow called Pinaka), फणि (snake), बालेन्दु (crescent moon), भस्म (sacred ash), and मन्दाकिनी (the river Ganga). If we take the first letter of each of these-प, फ, ब, भ, and म-they belong to the 'pavarga' group of letters. Because of this, the poet has named the image of Lord शिव as 'parga rachita'. This image ultimately provides 'apavarga' (liberation) to all devotees.
In simple words: Lord Shiva's image is made from five items: a bow, a snake, a crescent moon, sacred ash, and the Ganga river. The first letter of each of these items belongs to the 'pavarga' group, which is why the image is called 'parga rachita' and offers freedom to worshippers.

Exam Tip: List the five components clearly and explain how their initial letters relate to the 'pavarga' and the concept of liberation.

Question 2. What are the characters of Guru?
Answer: Adi Shankara has specified two key characteristics of a Guru. Firstly, the Guru should be 'adhigatatattva', meaning they are a person who has understood the truth, or in simpler terms, God. Secondly, the Guru must be 'shishyahitaya udyatah satatam', which means they should always make an effort for the well-being of their disciple. This definition clearly describes a spiritual Guru.
In simple words: Adi Shankara said a Guru has two main traits. First, they must know the truth or God. Second, they must always try to help their student.

Exam Tip: Make sure to explain both characteristics of a Guru, using the Sanskrit terms and then clarifying their meaning in English.

Question 3. How can anyone become बहुव्रीहि?
Answer: The word 'bahuvrihi' is explained as 'bahavah brihayah yasya sah', meaning 'one who has plenty of rice grains', which signifies a wealthy person. Therefore, anyone can become rich by putting in consistent efforts in the right way.
In simple words: The word 'bahuvrihi' means someone who has lots of rice, which means a rich person. Anyone can get rich by working hard and smart.

Exam Tip: Start by explaining the etymological meaning of 'bahuvrihi' and then connect it to the broader concept of achieving wealth through effort.

Question 1. भगवन् किमुपादेयं गुरुवचनम् हेयमपि च किम् कार्यम्। को गुरुरधिगततत्त्वः, शिष्यहितायोद्यतः सततम्।।
Answer: This verse consists of several questions and their answers. The first question is: "What should be accepted?" The answer is "Guru's words." The second part asks, "What should be avoided?" The answer is provided in one word: 'akaryam' (that which is not proper to be done). The third question is: "Who is a Guru?" Two qualifications are given: (1) A Guru should be a person who has understood the truth, and (2) A Guru should always make an effort for the welfare of their disciple. This also implies that for masters other than spiritual ones, a Guru should have gained knowledge in their subject and show real interest in sharing that knowledge with students.
In simple words: This verse asks: What should we accept? The guru's words. What should we avoid? Bad actions. Who is a guru? Someone who knows the truth and always works for their student's good. For other teachers, they should be knowledgeable and keen to teach.

Exam Tip: Break down the verse into its individual questions and answers, providing a clear explanation for each part.

Question 2. यथा नयति कैलासं नगं गानसरस्वती। तथा नयति कैलासं न गङ्गा न सरस्वती॥
Answer: These two lines use the same letters arranged differently in each line. Neither the river Ganga nor Saraswati leads one to the actual Kailash, where Lord Shiva lives, in the way that the art of music does. The main theme here is the power of music. Music can transport us to heaven even while we are still on earth. While a dip in a holy river is thought to wash away sins and lead to heaven after death, music immediately takes us to a heavenly state. It provides an experience of divine ecstasy right here and now. 'Ganasaraswati' means the art of music.
In simple words: The lines show that music's power is unique. Unlike the Ganga or Saraswati rivers, the art of music (Ganasaraswati) can take us to a heavenly experience while we are alive, providing immediate divine joy.

Exam Tip: Focus on the comparison between rivers and music, highlighting music's unique ability to provide spiritual experience immediately.

Question 9. Expand meaning of the given sentence: धर्मस्य त्वरिता गतिः।
Answer: The sentence "Dharmasya tvarita gatih" is a proverb-like statement. It means that the movement of 'Dharma' (duty, righteousness, or religion) is very swift. In the early Vedic period, praying to gods was considered religion. Later, performing sacrifices became a crucial part of religion. In modern times, doing good to others or working ethically has gained the status of Dharma. Its meaning changes based on circumstances or situations.
In simple words: "The pace of righteousness is fast." This means 'Dharma' moves quickly. Initially, Dharma was about praying to gods; later, it involved sacrifices. Today, doing good to others and working fairly is considered Dharma, and its definition adjusts with time.

Exam Tip: Explain the literal meaning of the proverb and then discuss how the concept of Dharma has evolved over different periods.

Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. Translate the following verses in English:

Question 1. पवर्गरचिता मूर्तिरपवर्गप्रदास्तु वः।
Answer: May the image, which is made of the 'pavarga' letters, grant you liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
In simple words: May the image formed by the 'pavarga' letters give you freedom from being born and dying again and again.

Exam Tip: Ensure your translation captures both the idea of the image being composed of 'pavarga' and its ultimate benefit of liberation.

Question 2. को गुरुरधिगततत्त्वः, शिष्यहितायोधतः सततम्।
Answer: Who is the preceptor? He is someone who has understood the truth and who is always striving for the good of the disciple.
In simple words: Who is a teacher? A teacher is someone who knows the truth and always tries to help their student.

Exam Tip: Your translation should accurately reflect the two main qualities of a Guru: knowledge of truth and dedication to the disciple's welfare.

Question 3. वृक्षस्याग्रे फलं दृष्टं फलाग्रे वृक्ष एव च।
Answer: The fruit is seen on the top of a tree, and the tree itself is seen on the top of the fruit.
In simple words: We see the fruit on the tree's top, and the tree is also seen on the fruit's top.

Exam Tip: This is a riddle-like verse; ensure your translation conveys the paradoxical nature of the statement.

Question 4. तत्पुरुष कर्मधारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः।
Answer: O man, perform actions by which I may become a 'bahuvrihi' (a man having plenty of rice grains, i.e., wealthy).
In simple words: O man, do things so that I can become a 'bahuvrihi', meaning a rich person with lots of rice.

Exam Tip: The translation should accurately reflect the speaker's desire to achieve wealth through his actions, signified by the term 'bahuvrihi'.

2. Choose the answer of the following questions:

Question 1. पवर्गरचिता मूर्तिः कस्य देवस्य अस्ति?
(क) शिवस्य
(ख) श्रीरामस्य
(ग) गणेशस्य
(घ) कार्तिकेयस्य
Answer: (क) शिवस्य
In simple words: The statue made of 'pavarga' letters belongs to which god? It belongs to Shiva.

Exam Tip: This question refers back to the first verse; remember that the image formed by 'pavarga' letters is of Lord Shiva.

Question 2. हेयम् च किम्?
(क) असस्यम्
(ख) अकार्यम्
(ग) अलीकम्
(घ) उरवाधम्
Answer: (ख) अकार्यम्
In simple words: What should be avoided? Actions that are not proper or bad deeds should be avoided.

Exam Tip: Recall the teaching about what is to be discarded or given up, which is 'akaryam' or improper actions.

Question 3. वृक्षस्य अग्रे किं दृष्टम्?
(क) एकः खगः
(ख) एकः जन्तुः
(ग) व्याधः
(घ) फलम्
Answer: (घ) फलम्
In simple words: What is seen on the top of the tree? A fruit is seen on the top of the tree.

Exam Tip: Remember the riddle about the tree and the fruit, where the fruit is explicitly stated to be on the treetop.

Question 4. गङ्गा कीदृशी वहति?
(क) शान्तप्रवाहेण
(ख) त्वरितगत्या
(ग) तीव्रतया
(घ) सवेगम्
Answer: (ख) त्वरितगत्या
In simple words: How does the Ganga river flow? It flows with swift movement.

Exam Tip: Recall the description of the Ganga river's flow, specifically its speed, as mentioned in the verses.

मुक्तानि मुक्तकानि Introduction

Sanskrit literature has many 'pahhelika' (riddles), 'kutashloka' (puzzles), and 'prashnottaramala' (garlands of questions and answers). These verses have a unique charm that appeals more to the reader's intellect than to their emotions or heart. A collection of such verses is famously known by the name 'Subhashitaratnabhandagara'.

In this lesson, eight such verses are presented. Besides challenging your intelligence, they will also inspire your interest in these types of compositions. Words like 'dharmasya tvarita gatih' will make you think deeply, and the verse about 'ganasaraswati' will make you aware of music's power. The verse that weaves together the names of compounds will amuse you. All of these contribute to the poet's skill.

मुक्तानि मुक्तकानि Prose Order, Translation And Glossary

1. पिनाक-फणि-बालेन्दु-भस्म-मन्दाकिनीयुता। पवर्गरचिता मूर्तिरपवर्गप्रदास्तु वः॥

Prose-order: पिनाक-फणि-बालेन्दु-भस्म-मन्दाकिनीयुता पवर्गरचिता मूर्तिः वः अपवर्गप्रदा अस्तु। (अनुष्टुभ)

Translation: May the image of Lord शिव, which includes five things-पिनाक (a bow called Pinaka), फणि (snake), बालेन्दु (crescent moon), भस्म (sacred ash), and मन्दाकिनी (the river Ganga)-be the giver of अपवर्ग (liberation or freedom from the cycle of birth and death) to all of you.

Glossary: पवर्गरचिता – formed with 'pavarga' (a group of letters starting with 'प', i.e., प, फ, ब, भ, and म), an adjective for the feminine noun मूर्ति (image, idol). पिनाक-फणि-बालेन्दु-भस्म-मन्दाकिनीयुत – equipped (युता) with पिनाक (a bow of Lord शिव), फणि (snake), बालेन्दु (crescent moon), भस्म (sacred ash), and मन्दाकिनी (the river Ganga); these five items linked with Lord शिव begin with the five letters in 'pavarga'. अपवर्गप्रदायिनी – granting salvation or freedom from the cycle of birth and death. वः – to (all of) you. अस्तु – may it be.

2. भगवन् किमुपादेयं गुरुवचनम्, हेयमपि च किमकार्यम्। को गुरुरधिगततत्त्वः, शिष्यहितायोद्यतः सततम्॥2॥

Prose-order: भगवन् किम् उपादेयम? गुरुवचनम्। अपि च हेयम् किम् अकार्यम् कः गुरुः? अधिगततत्त्वः शिष्यहिताय सततम् उद्यतः (आर्या)।

Translation: Revered sir, what should be accepted? The words of the preceptor. And what should be discarded? That which is not worthy of being done. Who is the preceptor? He who has realized the truth and who always works for the welfare of the disciple.

Glossary: भगवन् – O Lord, here meaning 'revered sir'. उपादेयम् – should be accepted (from उप + आ + दा). This is a potential passive participle in the neuter nominative-accusative singular. हेयम्-त्याज्यम् – should be discarded, avoided, or given up. अकार्यम् – न कार्यम् – a Nanj Tatpurusha compound, meaning whatever is not worthy of being done. अधिगततत्त्वः – अधिगतम् तत्त्वम् येन 'सः बहुव्रीहि समास – one who has realized the truth; an adjective for the substantive noun गुरुः. शिष्यहिताय – for the welfare of the disciple; उद्यतः – striving for.

3. अपूर्वोऽयं मया दृष्टः कान्तः कमललोचने। शोऽन्तरं यो विजानति स विद्वान्नत्र संशयः ॥3॥

Translation: O lotus-eyed one, an amazing dear person was seen by me in your lotus-like eye. He who understands it to be the middle one is undoubtedly a learned man.

Glossary: हे कमललोचने – O lotus-eyed one (vocative, Bahuvrihi compound: one whose eyes are like lotuses). मया – by me (instrumental, subject of दृष्टः). अपूर्वः कान्तः दृष्टः – an unprecedented dear person was seen. कमललोचने – in (your) lotus-like eye (locative, Karmadharaya compound: eye like lotus). शोऽन्तरम् – शो + अन्तरम् (the letter 'शो' in the middle). अपूर्वः – having the letter 'अ'. कान्तः – 'कः' + 'अन्तः' (the letter 'क' is at the end).

4. शस्त्रं न खलु कर्तव्यमिति पित्रा नियोजितः। तदेव शस्त्रं कृतवान् पितुराज्ञा न लङ्गिता॥4॥

Prose-order: शस्त्रमन खलु कर्तव्यम् इति पित्रा नियोजितः (अथवा, शस्त्रम् नखलु कर्तव्यम् इति पित्रा नियोजितः। तत् एव शस्त्रम् कृतवान, पितुः अराज्ञा न लङ्घिता। (अनुष्टुभ)

Translation: The father ordered, "Indeed, a weapon should not be used." He then used only that as a weapon, and still, the father's order was not disobeyed.

Glossary: न खलु – certainly not. कर्तव्यम् – should be done (here, should be used). पित्रा नियोजितः – ordered by the father. तदेव – तत् + इव (the same). शस्त्रम् कृतवान् – made/used as a weapon. न लङ्गिता – not disobeyed. नखलु – nail cutter.

5. वृक्षस्याग्रे फलं दृष्टं फलाने वृक्ष एव च।। अकारादि सकारान्तं यो जानाति स पण्डितः॥5॥

Glossary: न खलु – not indeed. कर्तव्यम् – should be done (here, should be used). पित्रा नियोजितः – ordered by the father. तदेव – तत् + इव (the same). शस्त्रम् कृतवान् – made/used as a weapon. न लविता – not disobeyed. नखलु – nail cutter.

Prose-order: वृक्षस्य अग्रे फलम् दुष्टम्, फलाग्रे वृक्षः एव च (दष्ट) अकारादि सकारान्तम् यः जानाति पण्डितः। (अनुष्टुभ)

Translation: This verse is a riddle. The fruit is seen on the top of a tree, and the tree itself is seen on the top of the fruit. It has the letter 'अ' at the beginning and 'स' at the end.

Glossary: वृक्षस्य अग्रे – on the tip (top) of the tree. दृष्टम् – seen. फलाग्रे – फलस्य अग्रम्, तस्मिन्-षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास (on the top of the fruit). अकारादि – अकारः आदिः यस्य तत् बहुव्रीहि समास (that which has the letter 'अ' in the beginning). सकारान्तम् – सकारः अन्त यस्य तत् – बहुव्रीहि समास (that which has the letter 'स' in the end).

7. यथा नयति कैलासं नगं गानसरस्वती। तथा नयति कैलासं न गङ्गा न सरस्वती॥6॥

Prose-order: यथा गानसरस्वी कैलासम् नगम् नयति तथा कैलासम् न गङ्गा न सरस्वती नयति। (अनुष्टुभ)

Translation: Neither the river Ganga nor Saraswati takes one to the mountain Kailash in the way that the art of music does.

Glossary: गानसरस्वती – गानस्य सरस्वती – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास (Goddess Saraswati in the form of musical music). कैलासम् नगम् – to the mountain (नगम्) named Kailash, a peak of the Himalayas and residence of Lord शिव and कुबेर.

8. युधिष्ठिरः कस्य पुत्रो गङ्गा वहति कीदृशी। हंसस्य शोभा का वास्ति धर्मस्य त्वरिता गतिः॥7॥

Prose-order: युधिष्ठिरः कस्य पुत्रः? धर्मस्य गङ्गा कीदृशी वहति? त्वरिता, हंसस्य शोभा का वा अस्ति? गतिः। (अनुष्टुभ)

Translation: This verse contains three questions followed by their respective one-word answers.

Question. Whose son is युधिष्ठिर?
Answer: धर्मस्य- of यमधर्म, the god of death.
In simple words: Yudhishthira is the son of Yama-Dharma, the god of justice.

Exam Tip: Remember the specific parentage of Yudhishthira as mentioned in the context of the Mahabharata.

Question. In what manner does the river गङ्गा flow?
Answer: त्वरिता – Fast
In simple words: The Ganga river flows swiftly.

Exam Tip: Recall the adjective used to describe the speed of the Ganga river's flow.

Question. What is the beauty of a swan?
Answer: गति: its gait.
In simple words: The elegance of a swan lies in how it moves or walks.

Exam Tip: Focus on the specific characteristic that is highlighted as the beauty of a swan.

9. द्वन्द्वो द्विगुरपि चाहं मद्गेहे नित्यमव्ययीभावः। तत्पुरुष कर्मधारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः॥४॥

Prose-order: द्वन्द्वः द्विगुः अपि च अमम् (अस्मि मद्नेहे नित्यम् अव्ययीभावः (अस्ति)। (हे) तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय) बहुव्रीहिः स्याम्। (अनुष्टुभ)

Translation: I am 'Dvandva' (a married couple), and I am 'Dvigu' (I have two) as well. In my house, there is always a state of no expenditure. O 'Tatpurusha' and 'Karmadharaya', may I become 'Bahuvrihi' by your actions (a man having plenty of rice grains).

Glossary: द्वन्द्व – couple, pair. द्विगु – group of two or more, he who has two. मद्गेहे – मम् गेहम् तस्मिन् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास (in my house). अव्ययीभावः – न अव्ययीभावः – नञ् तत्पुरुष समास (the condition of absence of expenditure, 'avyaya'). तत्पुरुष – तस्य पुरुषः, तत्संबोधने – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास (O his man). कर्मधारयः – कर्मधारय – (do perform some work). येन – by which, येन = येन कर्मणा. बहुव्रीहिरहम् – बहुव्रीहिः + अहम् बहवः, व्रीहयः यस्य सः बहुव्रीहि समास (I am Bahuvrihi – he who has plenty of rice grains).