GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 13 गीतामृतम्

Question 1. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत -
Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:
1. कः न जायते म्रियते वा कदाचित्?
(a) मनुष्यः
(b) भक्तः
(c) आत्मा
(d) देहः
Answer: (c) आत्मा
In simple words: The question asks what is never born and never dies. Among the options, the soul (आत्मा) is considered eternal and imperishable in Hindu philosophy.

Exam Tip: Understand key philosophical concepts like the eternal nature of the soul (आत्मा) as per Hindu scriptures for such questions.

Question 2. कस्य मृत्युः ध्रुवः?
(a) पदार्थस्य
(b) जातस्य
(c) धनस्य
(d) आत्मनः
Answer: (b) जातस्य
In simple words: This question asks whose death is certain. According to the Bhagavad Gita, death is certain for anything that is born (जातस्य).

Exam Tip: Memorize the core tenets of the verses, especially those about birth, death, and the soul, as they often appear in direct questions.

Question 3. कस्मिन् अर्थे त्वं न शोचितुमर्हसि ?
(a) अपरिहार्ये
(b) परिहार्ये
(c) मरणे
(d) दु:खे
Answer: (a) अपरिहार्ये
In simple words: The question asks about what one should not grieve. The answer (अपरिहार्ये) means that which is unavoidable or inevitable, implying one should not mourn what cannot be changed.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to words with negative prefixes (like 'अ-' or 'न-') as they often change the meaning significantly, for example, अपरिहार्ये means unavoidable.

Question 4. कस्मिन् ते सङ्गः न स्यात्?
(a) कर्मणि
(b) अकर्मणि
(c) ज्ञाने
(d) धने
Answer: (b) अकर्मणि
In simple words: This question asks about what one should not be attached to. The teaching suggests one should not have attachment to inaction (अकर्मणि).

Exam Tip: When dealing with philosophical concepts, note the distinction between action (कर्मणि) and inaction (अकर्मणि) and their implications for detachment.

Question 5. ज्ञानं कः लभते?
(a) भक्तिमान्
(b) गुणवान्
(c) श्रद्धावान्
(d) धनवान्
Answer: (c) श्रद्धावान्
In simple words: The question asks who gains knowledge. The answer (श्रद्धावान्) means one who has faith or devotion. This implies that true knowledge is acquired by those who possess faith.

Exam Tip: Remember the virtues emphasized in the teachings, such as faith (श्रद्धा), as they are often linked to acquiring wisdom.

Question 6. कतिविधाः भक्ताः भवन्ति?
(a) चतुर्विधाः
(b) द्वाविधौ
(c) त्रिविधाः
(d) एकविधः
Answer: (a) चतुर्विधाः
In simple words: This question asks how many types of devotees there are. The answer (चतुर्विधाः) indicates that there are four types of devotees.

Exam Tip: For numerical questions about categories or types, remember the exact number and, if possible, the names of each category.

Question 2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषायाम् उत्तरं लिखत -
Answer in one Sanskrit sentence:

Question 1. अजः नित्यः शाश्वतः पुराणः च कः?
Answer: आत्मा अजः नित्यः शाश्वतः पुराणः च।
In simple words: The question asks who is unborn, eternal, everlasting, and ancient. The answer states that the soul (आत्मा) is all of these things.

Exam Tip: When asked to answer in Sanskrit, ensure your response is grammatically correct and directly addresses the question using the appropriate vocabulary from the text.

Question 2. मृतस्य किं ध्रुवम्?
Answer: मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम्।
In simple words: The question asks what is certain for the dead. The answer explains that for the dead, birth is certain.

Exam Tip: Focus on linking specific words from the question (like 'मृतस्य' and 'ध्रुवम्') to their corresponding concepts in the answer.

Question 3. कस्मिन् ते अधिकारः अस्ति?
Answer: कर्मणि एव ते अधिकारः अस्ति।
In simple words: The question asks about what one has the right or authority over. The answer states that one's right is only in action (कर्मणि).

Exam Tip: This is a fundamental teaching from the Gita; ensure you can accurately quote or paraphrase it for philosophical questions.

Question 4. (जनः) कदा शान्तिम् अधिगच्छति?
Answer: (जनः) ज्ञानं लब्धवा परां शान्ति अधिगच्छति।
In simple words: The question asks when a person attains peace. The answer indicates that a person attains supreme peace after acquiring knowledge.

Exam Tip: Highlight the condition ('ज्ञानं लब्धवा' - having gained knowledge) and the outcome ('परां शान्तिम् अधिगच्छति' - attains supreme peace) in your answer.

Question 5. कः भक्तः भगवतः प्रियः?
Answer: यस्मात् लोकः न उद्विजते, यः लोकात् न उद्विजते, यः च हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैः मुक्तः सः भक्तः भगवतः प्रियः।
In simple words: The question asks which devotee is dear to God. The answer describes a devotee who neither troubles people nor is troubled by them, and who is free from joy, envy, fear, and anxiety.

Exam Tip: For descriptive questions about characteristics, list all qualities mentioned in the text to provide a complete answer.

Question 3. वचनानुसारं शब्दरूपैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत -
Fill in the blanks by word according to number.

Exam Tip: Practice declension tables (शब्दरूप) regularly to master the different forms of nouns and pronouns across various cases and numbers.

Question 4. प्रवृत्तिः प्रवृत्ती प्रवृत्तयः रिक्तस्थानानां पूर्तिः विधेया
Fill in the blanks of following sentences.

Question 1. न ............ म्रियते वा कदाचित् आत्मा।
Answer: न जायते म्रियते वा कदाचित् आत्मा।
In simple words: The missing word means "is born." The complete sentence means "The soul is never born nor does it ever die."

Exam Tip: For verse completion, identify key phrases or verbs that fit the context of the verse's meaning.

Question 2. कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा ..........." कदाचन।
Answer: कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु" कदाचन।
In simple words: The missing word refers to "fruits" or "results." The full phrase means "You have a right to action alone, never to its fruits."

Exam Tip: This is a very famous and important line from the Bhagavad Gita; knowing it by heart will help in completing such verses.

Question 3. आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी "..........." च भरतर्षभ।
Answer: आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी "ज्ञानी" च भरतर्षभ।
In simple words: The missing word means "knower" or "wise person." The sentence lists the four types of devotees dear to Krishna.

Exam Tip: Remember the four types of devotees (distressed, seeker of knowledge, seeker of wealth, and the wise) as they are frequently tested.

Question 4. बन्धं मोक्षं च यो वेत्ति सा "........." सात्त्विकी।
Answer: बन्धं मोक्षं च यो वेत्ति सा "बुद्धिः" सात्त्विकी।
In simple words: The missing word means "intellect" or "understanding." The sentence indicates that the intellect which discerns bondage and liberation is of the mode of goodness (सात्त्विकी).

Exam Tip: Identify the subject of the clause (here, what 'knows' bondage and liberation) to correctly fill in the blank with the appropriate noun.

Question 5. रेखाङ्कितपदानां स्थाने प्रकोष्ठकात् प्रश्नवाक्यं पदं लिखित्वा प्रश्नवाक्यं रचयत -
Choose the correct word from the brackets to replace the underlined words and make interrogative sentences:
(कम्, कीदृशे, किम्, कीदृशी, कस्य)

Question 1. आत्मा हन्यमाने शरीरे न हन्यते।
Answer: आत्मा कीदृशे शरीरे न हन्यते?
In simple words: The original sentence states that the soul is not killed even when the body is killed. The question asks "In what kind of body is the soul not killed?", using 'कीदृशे' (in what kind of).

Exam Tip: Select the interrogative pronoun that accurately replaces the underlined part while maintaining grammatical consistency (case and number).

Question 2. ज्ञानं लब्धा शान्तिम् अधिगच्छति।
Answer: किम् लब्ध्वा शान्तिम् अधिगच्छति?
In simple words: The original sentence states that one attains peace after gaining knowledge. The question asks "What is attained after gaining peace?", using 'किम्' (what).

Exam Tip: Ensure the interrogative word correctly targets the 'what' or 'how' aspect of the sentence to form a meaningful question.

Question 3. सुकृतिनः जनाः मां भजन्ते।
Answer: के जनाः मां भजन्ते?
In simple words: The original sentence means "Righteous people worship me." The interrogative form should ask "Who are the people who worship me?", where 'के' means 'who' (plural masculine).

Exam Tip: Match the case and number of the interrogative pronoun (e.g., 'के' for plural masculine nominative) with the word it replaces.

Question 4. सा बुद्धिः सात्त्विकी वर्तते।
Answer: सा बुद्धिः कीदृशी वर्तते?
In simple words: The original sentence states that "that intellect is of the mode of goodness." The question asks "What kind of intellect is that?", using 'कीदृशी' (what kind of, feminine).

Exam Tip: The interrogative adjective 'कीदृशी' should agree in gender with the noun 'बुद्धिः' (feminine).

Question 6. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत
Dissolve the sandhis:

Question 1. अजो नित्यः = अजः + नित्यः
Answer: अजः + नित्यः
In simple words: This shows how the compound word 'अजो नित्यः' is separated into its original words 'अजः' (unborn) and 'नित्यः' (eternal) by dissolving the Sandhi.

Exam Tip: When performing Sandhi dissolution, focus on identifying the original words and the Sandhi rule that joins them.

Question 2. शाश्वतोऽयम् = शाश्वतः + अयम्
Answer: शाश्वतः + अयम्
In simple words: The word 'शाश्वतोऽयम्' is broken down into 'शाश्वतः' (eternal) and 'अयम्' (this one).

Exam Tip: Recognize the 'ओ' vowel often indicating a 'विसर्ग' (ः) becoming 'ओ' before certain letters, which is a common Sandhi rule.

Question 3. कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते = कर्मणि + एव + अधिकार: + ते
Answer: कर्मणि + एव + अधिकार: + ते
In simple words: This sandhi is dissolved into four separate words: 'कर्मणि' (in action), 'एव' (only), 'अधिकार:' (right), and 'ते' (your).

Exam Tip: For longer Sandhi compounds, break them down step-by-step into their constituent words, identifying each part correctly.

Question 4. सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि = सङ्गः + अस्तु + अकर्मणि अपि
Answer: सङ्गः + अस्तु + अकर्मणि + अपि
In simple words: This compound word is dissolved into 'सङ्गः' (attachment), 'अस्तु' (let there be), 'अकर्मणि' (in inaction), and 'अपि' (even).

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to subtle sound changes like 'त्' becoming 'द्' or 'स्' before vowels, which are key in Sandhi dissolution.

Question 7. समासप्रकारं लिखत –
Make types of compound:

Question 1. गीतामृतम् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः (or) कर्मधारय समासः।
Answer: षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समासः (or) कर्मधारय समासः
In simple words: This word can be understood as "nectar of the Gita" (genitive case, Tatpurusha) or "Gita which is nectar" (Karma-Dharaya), demonstrating two possible compound interpretations.

Exam Tip: For ambiguous compounds, be prepared to explain all valid interpretations and their corresponding Samasa types.

Question 2. अपरिहार्ये – नञ् तत्पुरुष समासः।
Answer: नञ् तत्पुरुष समासः
In simple words: This compound means "that which is unavoidable," and it is a Tatpurusha compound where 'नञ्' (negation) is the first part.

Exam Tip: Recognize 'नञ् तत्पुरुष' by the negative prefix (अ-, अन्-) that negates the meaning of the second part of the compound.

Question 3. संयतेन्द्रियः – बहुव्रीहि समासः।
Answer: बहुव्रीहि समासः
In simple words: This compound means "one whose senses are controlled," referring to a third entity, which is characteristic of a Bahuvrihi compound.

Exam Tip: Bahuvrihi compounds describe a person or thing by their qualities or attributes, often translating to "one who has..." or "one whose...".

Question 4. हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगाः – इतरेतर द्वंद्व समासः।
Answer: इतरेतर द्वंद्व समासः
In simple words: This compound combines "joy, envy, fear, and agitation" as a list of separate items, linked by 'and', which is typical of an Itaretara Dvandva compound.

Exam Tip: Itaretara Dvandva compounds list distinct items, usually ending in a dual or plural form, implying "A and B and C."

Question 5. भयाभये – इतरेतर द्वंद्व समासः।
Answer: इतरेतर द्वंद्व समासः
In simple words: This compound means "fear and fearlessness," listing two distinct but related concepts together.

Exam Tip: Dvandva compounds are often identified by the sense of 'and' between the constituent words, and 'इतरेतर' indicates each component retains its individual identity.

Question 8. अधस्तनयोः श्लोकयोः पूर्ति कुरुत –
Fill in the blanks of following verses.

Question 1. जातस्य हि .......... शोचितुमर्हसि।।
Answer: जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युः ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च। तस्मादपरिहार्येऽर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि।।
In simple words: The full verse explains that for all that is born, death is certain, and for all that is dead, birth is certain. Therefore, one should not grieve over the unavoidable.

Exam Tip: Learning complete verses helps in filling in blanks correctly, as the context and meter provide clues.

Question 2. यस्मान्नोद्विजते .......... मे प्रियः।।
Answer: यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः। हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैः मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः।।
In simple words: This verse describes the qualities of a devotee dear to God: one who neither disturbs others nor is disturbed by others, and who is free from joy, anger, fear, and anxiety.

Exam Tip: Focus on the adjectives and qualities used to describe the ideal devotee as they often form the missing parts of such verses.

Question 9. अर्थविस्तारं कुरुत
Expand meaning:

Question 1. कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन। मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूः मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि।।
Answer: In this verse, Lord Shri Krishna tells Arjuna, "You have a right to work but no right to demand its result or fruit. Do not work with the expectation of result. At the same time, do not be lazy." Humans cannot live without doing something. A kind of inner drive makes them do something or act. Very often, a person is prompted to undertake an activity to attain some result. But when the expected result does not follow, they become disappointed or unhappy.
So, the Lord says, "Do not work to get the fruit." Why? You should apply your mind only to the work you have started. When you think about what you will get from it, a part of your mind gets pulled away. Some energy is wasted in thinking about the result or fruit, over which you have no control. It is better to focus on the work at hand and not waste mental energy thinking about its outcome. This verse is probably the most famous and often quoted one because it contains a secret for peaceful action.
In simple words: Krishna tells us to focus on doing our work without worrying about the results. Don't be lazy, but also don't get too attached to what you might gain. Just do your best.

Exam Tip: When explaining this verse, emphasize the concepts of duty (karma), detachment from results (karma-phala), and avoiding inaction. Use simple language to make the profound message clear.

Question 2. श्रद्धावान् लभते ज्ञानं तत्परः संयतेन्द्रियः ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति।।
Answer: To get knowledge, one needs to have faith. Secondly, one should be entirely devoted to knowledge. Our sense organs can distract us, driving us in many directions. Someone who wants to get knowledge should control their senses. The first line tells us the qualities needed for gaining knowledge, while the second line tells us the effect of gaining knowledge.
One gets the highest kind of peace as soon as they gain knowledge of God or realize God. In other words, this verse describes how a devotee progresses from being a seeker (जिज्ञासु) to becoming a knower (ज्ञानी). By controlling the outward flow of the mind, a devotee commits themselves to the sole goal of achieving God-realization, with unwavering faith. When they become enlightened, they are rewarded with lasting peace.
In simple words: To get true knowledge, you need faith and control over your senses. By focusing fully on knowledge and understanding God, you can achieve deep and lasting peace.

Exam Tip: When explaining this verse, highlight the three essential qualities for attaining knowledge (faith, diligence, and sense control) and the ultimate benefit (supreme peace).

Question 3. चतुर्विधा भजन्ते मां जनाः सुकृतिनोऽर्जुन। आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी ज्ञानी च भरतर्षभ।।
Answer: In this verse, Lord Shri Krishna tells Arjuna, "There are four types of righteous people who worship me: (1) those who are distressed, (2) those who desire knowledge, (3) those who desire material things, and (4) those who have attained spiritual knowledge (realized God)." This list is comprehensive and covers all devotees of God. Most people fall into the first (distressed) and third (desirous of material things) categories. When afflicted by some difficulty or other, a person becomes distressed and turns to God for relief. Others seek God with the desire to get material things they crave.
In simple words: Krishna explains that four types of good people worship Him: those in trouble, those who seek knowledge, those who want things, and those who are already wise.

Exam Tip: Remember to list and briefly describe all four types of devotees when asked to explain this verse, as it shows a complete understanding of the classification.

Question 1. अधोदत्तानां पद्यांशानाम् आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवाद कुरुत –
Translate the following verses into English:

Question 1. अपरिहार्येऽये न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि।
Answer: You should not lament about the thing that is unavoidable.
In simple words: Don't worry about things you can't change.

Exam Tip: For translations, ensure you capture the core message and tone of the Sanskrit verse accurately in English.

Question 2. अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणो।
Answer: This (soul) is unborn, eternal, ever-existing and the oldest one.
In simple words: The soul is never born, lasts forever, and is ancient.

Exam Tip: Be precise with adjectives like 'unborn', 'eternal', and 'oldest' as they describe fundamental attributes of the soul.

Question 3. जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युः ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च।
Answer: Indeed, death of the one who is born is definite and birth of the one who is dead is definite.
In simple words: Everyone born will surely die, and everyone who dies will surely be reborn.

Exam Tip: Note the reciprocal nature of birth and death as described in this key verse about the cycle of existence.

Question 4. मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूः मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि।
Answer: Do not be the one who desires the fruit of action. May you not be fond of inaction or idleness.
In simple words: Don't work just for the rewards, and don't be lazy.

Exam Tip: This verse has two parts: non-attachment to results and avoidance of inaction. Make sure both are clearly conveyed in your translation.

Question 5. ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति।
Answer: He having attained spiritual knowledge achieves the highest kind the tranquility.
In simple words: After gaining spiritual knowledge, one quickly finds supreme peace.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the direct link between attaining knowledge and achieving tranquility, and include the swiftness ('अचिरेण' - quickly) if mentioned.

Question 6. आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी ज्ञानी च भरतर्षभ।
Answer: O the best among those who are born in the dynasty of Bharata (i.e., Arjuna) distressed, having a desire for spiritual knowledge, desirous of material objects and one who has already attained knowledge (are the four types of devotees).
In simple words: O Arjuna, the four types of good devotees are those in distress, those seeking knowledge, those seeking wealth, and those who are wise.

Exam Tip: Clearly list all four categories of devotees as enumerated in the verse for a complete translation.

Question 7. यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः।
Answer: He who is not perplexed by the people and by whom people are not perplexed (is dear to me).
In simple words: The person who neither bothers others nor gets bothered by others (is dear to me).

Exam Tip: Note the dual aspect of this verse: not disturbing others and not being disturbed by them, which are hallmarks of a balanced mind.

Question 8. बन्ध मोक्षं च यो वेत्ति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी।
Answer: The intellect that understands bondage and liberation is the best of virtuous one.
In simple words: The intellect that knows the difference between being bound and being free is considered pure and virtuous.

Exam Tip: Highlight the intellect's role in discerning fundamental spiritual concepts like bondage (बन्ध) and liberation (मोक्ष).

Question 2. अधोदत्तानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि चिनुत -
Choose the answers of the following questions:

Question 1. आत्मा "........." शरीरे न हन्यते। रिक्तस्थाने उचितं पदं किम्?
(a) हन्यमानो
(b) हन्यमाने
(c) हन्यमानेन
(d) हन्यमानान्
Answer: (b) हन्यमाने
In simple words: The blank requires a word that means "in a body being killed." 'हन्यमाने' is the correct locative singular form to fit the sentence's meaning and grammar.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the case endings of words to ensure grammatical agreement in fill-in-the-blank questions involving contexts like 'in the body'.

Question 2. त्वं "............" न अर्हसि। रिक्तस्थाने उचितं कृदन्तपदं किम?
(a) शोचयति
(b) शोचितान्
(c) शोचितानि
(d) शोचितुम्
Answer: (d) शोचितुम्
In simple words: The blank needs an infinitive form meaning "to grieve." 'शोचितुम्' (to grieve) correctly completes the phrase "you ought not to grieve."

Exam Tip: Identify the grammatical function required by the blank (e.g., an infinitive verb form) to select the correct 'कृदन्तपदं' (participle form).

Question 3. ." एवं अधिकारः ते। रिक्तस्थाने उचितं पदं किम्?
(a) कर्म
(b) कर्माः
(c) कर्मणि
(d) कर्मन्
Answer: (c) कर्मणि
In simple words: The blank requires a word meaning "in action." 'कर्मणि' (in action) is the correct locative singular form, as the famous phrase states "Your right is only in action."

Exam Tip: This is a direct recall from the key verse "कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते". Knowledge of this verse's exact wording is crucial.

Question 4. उद्विजते-किम् रूपम् अस्ति?
(a) बहुवचनस्य
(b) आज्ञार्थ एकवचनस्य
(c) वर्तमानकाल एकवचनस्य ।
(d) विध्यर्थ अन्य पुरुषस्य
Answer: (c) वर्तमानकाल एकवचनस्य ।
In simple words: The word 'उद्विजते' is a verb form. It belongs to the present tense (वर्तमानकाल) and is in the singular form (एकवचनस्य).

Exam Tip: To identify verb forms, analyze their endings for tense, number, and person, as these indicate their grammatical role.

Question 5. ......... भक्ताः माम् भजन्ति। रिक्तस्थाने उचितं संख्यावाचकं पदं किम्?
(a) त्रिविधाः
(b) चतुर्विधाः
(c) त्रयः
(d) चत्वारः
Answer: (b) चतुर्विधाः
In simple words: The blank needs a numerical word meaning "four types." 'चतुर्विधाः' (four types) correctly fits the context of the verse describing the four types of devotees.

Exam Tip: For numerical descriptions, remember the specific term used in the text to denote categories or types, not just the generic number.

Question 3. अर्थविस्तारं कुरुत –
Expand the meaning:

Question 1. जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युः ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च। तस्मादपरिहार्येऽर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि।।
Answer: The death of anyone who is born is indeed definite, so you should not lament in matters that are unavoidable. Expansion of meaning: Arjuna is unwilling to fight with his relatives and elderly persons. Death is inevitable, especially on a battlefield. There is no point in trying to avoid the unavoidable; what cannot be fixed must be endured. This verse emphasizes the inevitable cycle of birth and death that every soul experiences.
In simple words: Everything born must die, and everything that dies will be reborn. So, don't grieve over what cannot be changed or avoided.

Exam Tip: In your explanation, connect the philosophical statement about birth and death to the practical advice of not lamenting the inevitable, as applied to Arjuna's dilemma.