GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 12 कलिकालसर्वज्ञो हेमचन्द्राचार्यः

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit Textbook Questions and Answers

Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:

Question 1. सिद्धराजः जयसिंहः मालवविजयं कदा कृतवान्?
(क) द्वादश्यां शताब्द्याम्
(ख) विंशतितमायां शताब्द्याम्
(ग) एकविंशतितमायां शताब्द्याम्
(घ) एकादश्यां शताब्द्याम्
Answer: (क) द्वादश्यां शताब्द्याम्
In simple words: King Siddharaja Jayasimha conquered Malwa during the twelfth century. This victory was an important event in his reign.

Exam Tip: Remember important historical facts like dates and events related to key figures for multiple-choice questions.

Question 2. सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरणनाम्ना प्रसिद्ध व्याकरणं केन विरचितम् अस्ति?
(क) जयसिंहेन
(ख) हेमचन्द्रेण
(ग) भोजेन
(घ) यशोवर्मणा
Answer: (ग) भोजेन
In simple words: The famous grammar book known as Saraswati Kanthabharana was written by Bhoja. He was a celebrated scholar.

Exam Tip: For authors and their works, it's crucial to correctly link the name of the work with its creator.

Question 3. भोजस्य कीर्तिः केन आसीत्?
(क) भोजव्याकरणेन
(ख) दयाभावेन
(ग) न्यायेन
(घ) भोजसाहित्येन
Answer: (क) भोजव्याकरणेन
In simple words: Bhoja achieved his fame primarily through his grammar work. His literary contributions were significant.

Exam Tip: Understand the primary reason for a historical figure's renown, as multiple factors might exist, but usually one is most prominent.

Question 4. हेमचन्द्राचार्येण रचितं व्याकरणं केन नाम्ना प्रसिद्धमस्ति?
(क) प्राकृतव्याकरणम्
(ख) जैनव्याकरणम्
(ग) सिद्धहैमव्याकरणम्
(घ) सिद्धव्याकरणम्
Answer: (ग) सिद्धहैमव्याकरणम्
In simple words: The grammar written by Hemchandracharya is widely known by the name Siddhahaima Vyakarana. It's a significant work.

Exam Tip: Make sure you know the specific names of famous texts and their authors, especially in the context of academic works.

Question 5. सिद्धहैमव्याकरणे कति अध्यायाः सन्ति?
(क) षड्
(ख) दश
(ग) अष्टौ
Answer: (ग) अष्टौ
In simple words: The Siddhahaima Vyakarana contains eight chapters in total. Each chapter covers specific aspects of grammar.

Exam Tip: Numerical facts such as the number of chapters or divisions in a book are common MCQ targets, so learn them precisely.

Question 6. हेमचन्द्राचार्येण रचितं साहित्यं .........." वर्तते।
(क) दशसहस्रश्लोकपरिमितम्
(ख) लक्षश्लोकपरिमितम्
(ग) सहस्रश्लोकपरिमितम्
(घ) दशलक्षश्लोकपरिमितम् .
Answer: (ख) लक्षश्लोकपरिमितम्
In simple words: The literary works composed by Hemchandracharya comprise about one lakh verses. This shows his vast contribution.

Exam Tip: Be aware of quantitative descriptions of literary output, as these details often appear in objective questions.

Question 7. हेमचन्द्राचार्येण विरचितस्य कोषग्रन्थस्य नाम किमस्ति?
(क) भट्टिकाव्यम्
(ख) अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
(ग) काव्यालंकारः
(घ) अमरकोषः
Answer: (ख) अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
In simple words: The dictionary written by Hemchandracharya is called Abhidhana Chintamani. It is an important work for vocabulary.

Exam Tip: When different types of works (like dictionaries, epics, grammar) are mentioned, make sure to associate the correct title with its genre and author.

Answer in one Sanskrit sentence:

Question 1. जयसिंहः कं नृपतिं पराजितवान्?
Answer: सिद्धराजः जयसिंहः यशोवर्मणं नृपतिं पराजितवान्।
In simple words: King Siddharaja Jayasimha defeated King Yashovarman. This was a key military achievement.

Exam Tip: For one-sentence answers, directly state the fact asked in the question without adding extra details.

Question 2. भोजेन विरचितं व्याकरणं केन नाम्ना प्रसिद्धमस्ति?
Answer: भोजेन विरचितं व्याकरणं सरस्वतीकण्डाभरणनाम्ना प्रसिद्धमस्ति।
In simple words: The grammar written by Bhoja is known by the name Saraswati Kanthabharana. It is a famous work.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the name of the text and its author are accurately stated for such questions.

Question 3. कस्य निवेदनेन प्ररिताः हेमचन्द्राचार्याः व्याकरणग्रन्थं रचितवन्तः?
Answer: सिद्धराजस्य जयसिंहस्य निवेदनेन प्रेरिताः हेमचन्द्राचार्याः एकमपूर्वं व्याकरणग्रन्थं रचितवन्तः।
In simple words: Hemchandracharya wrote an exceptional grammar book because King Siddharaja Jayasimha asked him to. This request inspired his work.

Exam Tip: Identify the key person or event that prompted a significant action or creation in the narrative.

Question 4. सिद्धहैमव्याकरणस्य षट्सु अध्यायेषु कस्य व्याकरणं वर्तते?
Answer: सिद्धहैमव्याकरणस्य षट्सु अध्यायेषु संस्कृतस्य व्याकरणं वर्तते।
In simple words: The first six chapters of Siddhahaima Vyakarana contain Sanskrit grammar. This shows its focus.

Exam Tip: When a text is divided into sections, remember the specific content covered in each part.

Question 5. हेमचन्द्राचार्येण रचितस्य अलंकारशास्त्रीयस्य ग्रन्थस्य नाम किमस्ति ?
Answer: हेमचन्द्राचार्येण रचितस्य अलंकारशास्त्रीयस्य ग्रन्थस्य नाम काव्यानुशासनम् अस्ति।
In simple words: The book on rhetoric written by Hemchandracharya is titled Kavyanushasana. It focuses on the art of poetry.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the specific field or subject matter of a book when identifying its title and author.

Dissolve the sandhis:

Question 1. ग्रन्थागारोऽपि – ग्रन्थगारः + अपि
Answer: ग्रन्थागारः + अपि
In simple words: This sandhi is broken down into "library" and "also". The "o" sound becomes "ah" before "api".

Exam Tip: For sandhi dissolution, identify the original words by recognizing the sound changes that occur when they combine.

Question 2. कीर्तिर्वर्तते = कीर्तिः + वर्तते
Answer: कीर्तिः + वर्तते
In simple words: The sandhi breaks into "fame" and "exists". The "r" sound shows the visarga has changed.

Exam Tip: Look for common sandhi rules, such as how visarga (ः) changes to 'r' or 's' before certain consonants.

Question 3. व्याकरणमप्यस्ति = व्याकरणम् + अपि + अस्ति
Answer: व्याकरणम् + अपि + अस्ति
In simple words: This sandhi is separated into "grammar", "also", and "is". It involves multiple word combinations.

Exam Tip: Some sandhis involve three or more words, requiring careful breakdown of each part.

Question 4. प्राकृतभाषाणाञ्च = प्राकृतभाषाणाम् + च
Answer: प्राकृतभाषाणाम् + च
In simple words: This sandhi separates into "of Prakrit languages" and "and". The "ch" sound comes from the combined ending.

Exam Tip: Be mindful of how final consonants like 'm' (म्) can change before certain sounds, often becoming 'n' (न्) or dropping.

Question 5. लब्धजनिरयम् = लब्धजनिः + अयम्
Answer: लब्धजनिः + अयम्
In simple words: This sandhi means "one who is born" and "this". The visarga (ः) transforms before the vowel.

Exam Tip: Remember that a visarga (ः) often changes to 'r' (र्) or drops before vowels, based on the specific sandhi rule.

Write suitable form of कर्तरिभूतकृदन्तस्य in place of underline words.

Question 1. विजयानन्तरं जयसिंहः अणहिलपुरं प्रत्यागच्छत्।
Answer: विजयानन्तरं जयसिंहः अणहिलपुरं प्रत्यागतवान्।
In simple words: After his victory, Jayasimha returned to Anahilapur. The verb "returned" is changed to its past participle form.

Exam Tip: Understand how to convert finite verbs into their corresponding 'Kartari Bhutakrudanta' (past active participle) forms, which often end in 'वान्' for masculine singular.

Question 2. एकदा सिद्धराजः अचिन्तयत्।
Answer: एकदा सिद्धराजः चिन्तितवान्।
In simple words: Once Siddharaja thought. The verb "thought" is transformed into its past active participle form.

Exam Tip: Practice identifying the root verb and applying the correct past participle suffix for various verbs.

Question 3. सः हेमचन्द्रस्य समीपम् अगच्छत्।
Answer: सः हेमचन्द्रस्य समीपम् गतवान्।
In simple words: He went near Hemchandra. The verb "went" is changed to its past participle form.

Exam Tip: Ensure agreement in gender, number, and case between the subject and the 'Kartari Bhutakrudanta'.

Question 4. हेमचन्द्राचार्याः व्याकरणग्रन्थम् अरचयन्।
Answer: हेमचन्द्राचार्याः व्याकरणग्रन्थम् रचितवन्तः।
In simple words: Hemchandracharya composed a grammar book. The verb "composed" is changed to its past active participle form.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the plural form of 'Kartari Bhutakrudanta' when the subject is plural, using suffixes like 'वन्तः'.

Question 5. सः लक्षश्लोकपरिमितं साहित्यं अरचयत्।
Answer: सः लक्षश्लोकपरिमितं परिचयं रचितवान्।
In simple words: He composed literature consisting of one lakh verses. The verb "composed" is changed to its past active participle form.

Exam Tip: Practice rewriting sentences using the past active participle to show completion of an action by the subject.

Write the form of words according to information.

Exam Tip: To correctly identify word forms, memorize the declensions for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns across different cases and numbers.

Use words from brackets and make sentences:

Question 1. Abhidhanachintamani is a dictionary (अभिधानचिन्तामणि एक कोषग्रन्थ अस्)
Answer: अभिधानचिन्तामणिः एकः कोषग्रन्थः अस्ति।
In simple words: The book Abhidhanachintamani serves as a dictionary. It is a work of reference.

Exam Tip: When forming sentences from given words, ensure correct case endings and verb conjugations for a grammatically sound structure.

Question 2. Hemachandracharya has composed one epic poem. (हेमचन्द्राचार्य एक महाकाव्य रचा)
Answer: हेमचन्द्राचार्यः एकं महाकाव्यं रचितवान्। अथवा हेमचन्द्राचार्यः एकं महाकाव्यम् अरचेयत्।
In simple words: Hemchandracharya wrote a great epic poem. He authored a significant literary work.

Exam Tip: Understand that Sanskrit often offers multiple ways to express the same idea, such as using past active participles or past tense verbs.

Question 3. Jayasimha came back to Anahilapur. (जयसिंह अणहिलपुर प्रति + आ + गम् (कर्तारि भू.कृ. (क्तवतु)
Answer: जयसिंहः अणहिलपुरं प्रत्यागतवान्।
In simple words: Jayasimha returned to Anahilapur. He made his way back to his city.

Exam Tip: Correctly apply prefixes (like 'प्रत्या') to verbs and form the past active participle (like 'गतवान्') to convey meaning accurately.

Question 4. There are eight Adhyayas is Siddhahaimanushasana. (सिद्धहैमशब्दानुशासन अष्टन् अध्याय अस्)
Answer: सिद्धहैमशब्दानुशासने अष्ट (अष्टौ वा) अध्यायाः सन्ति।
In simple words: The Siddhahaima Shabdhanushasana contains eight chapters. This book is divided into distinct sections.

Exam Tip: When expressing numbers in Sanskrit, ensure you use the correct form, such as 'अष्ट' or 'अष्टौ', based on context.

Question 5. Once Jayasimha thought. (जयसिंह एकदा विचार कृ (कर्तरिभू.कृ. (क्त))
Answer: जयसिंहः एकदा विचारं कृतवान्।
In simple words: Jayasimha once had a thought. He pondered over something.

Exam Tip: Use 'एकदा' for "once" and correctly form the past active participle with 'कृतवान्' when constructing sentences about past actions.

Answer in English:

Question 1. When did सिद्धराज जयसिंह get victory over Malwa?
Answer: Siddharaja Jayasimha gained victory over Malwa in the twelfth century of the Vikram Era. This notable triumph occurred during that time.
In simple words: Siddharaja Jayasimha conquered Malwa in the 12th century according to the Vikram Era.

Exam Tip: Always provide the specific century or era when discussing historical events to ensure accuracy.

Question 2. What did the achieve by getting victory over Malwa?
Answer: Jayasimha acquired King Yashovarma's wealth and his complete library by achieving victory over Malwa. This conquest brought him significant assets.
In simple words: Jayasimha got King Yashovarma's riches and his entire library after conquering Malwa.

Exam Tip: Focus on detailing the specific gains or outcomes mentioned in the text as a result of an action.

Question 3. On account of what did भोज earn. fame?
Answer: Bhoja became famous because he wrote a treatise called Saraswati Kanthabharana which was a work on grammar. His literary contribution gave him immense repute.
In simple words: Bhoja became famous for writing Saraswati Kanthabharana, a grammar book.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the specific achievement or creation that led to a character's fame.

Question 4. What is the proportion of literature composed by हेमचन्द्राचार्य?
Answer: Literature composed by Hemchandracharya consists of one lac verses. This demonstrates the vastness of his writings.
In simple words: Hemchandracharya created a large amount of literature, totaling one lakh verses.

Exam Tip: When asked about the "proportion," provide the numerical or quantitative aspect as described in the source.

Join 'क' and 'ख' parts:

Question 8. 'क' विभागं 'ख' विभागेन सह संयोजयत –
Answer:
1. काव्यानुशासनम् – अलंकारशास्त्रीयः ग्रन्थः
2. प्राकृतभाषायाः व्याकरणम् – अन्तिमयोः अध्याययोः
3. अभिधानचिन्तामणिः – कोषग्रन्थः
4. मालवविजयः – जयसिंहः
5. सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरणम् – शिक्षाशास्त्रम् (भोजव्याकरणम्)
In simple words: Match the literary works with their descriptions or authors. For example, Kavyanushasanam is a book on rhetoric.

Exam Tip: For matching questions, carefully read both columns and make sure each item from the first column is correctly paired with its corresponding item from the second.

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit कलिकालसर्वज्ञो हेमचन्द्राचार्यः Additional Important Questions and Answers

सूचनानुसारं धातुरूपाणां परिचयं कारयत – Write root verb according to information.

Use words from brackets and make sentences:

Question 1. With the wealth he also acquired a library. (धन तत्रत्य ग्रन्थागार तद् हस्तगत् जन्-जा)
Answer: धनेन सह तत्रत्यो ग्रन्थागारः अपि तस्य हस्तगतः जातः।
In simple words: Along with the riches, the local library also came into his possession. This increased his holdings.

Exam Tip: Ensure correct case endings for nouns (e.g., 'धनेन') and proper use of the past active participle ('जातः') when forming sentences.

Question 2. In this library there were many excellent treatises. (इदम् ग्रन्थागार अप्रतिम ग्रन्थ अस्)
Answer: अस्मिन् ग्रन्थागारे बहवः अप्रतिमाः ग्रन्थाः आसन्।
In simple words: This library contained many remarkable books. It housed an extraordinary collection.

Exam Tip: Use the appropriate locative case (अस्मिन् ग्रन्थागारे) for "in this library" and the correct plural form of the verb "to be" (आसन्) for "there were."

Question 3. Having thought in this way he reached the Jain sage. (आचार्य हेमचन्द्र (एवम् वि + चर् तद् जैनमुनि आचार्य हेमचन्द्र प्र + आप्)
Answer: एवं विचार्य सः जैनमुनिम् आचार्यहेमचन्द्र प्राप्तवान्।
In simple words: Thinking thus, he found the Jain sage, Acharya Hemchandra. He sought out the revered teacher.

Exam Tip: Use the gerund 'विचार्य' for "having thought" and the past active participle 'प्राप्तवान्' for "reached," ensuring the sentence flows logically.

Question 4. There are eight chapters in this treatise (इदम् ग्रन्थ अष्टम् अध्याय अस्)
Answer: अस्मिन् ग्रन्थे अष्ट (अष्टौ) अध्यायाः सन्ति।
In simple words: This book consists of eight chapters. It is structured into multiple parts.

Exam Tip: Ensure the numeral 'अष्ट' or 'अष्टौ' correctly agrees with the plural noun 'अध्यायाः' (chapters) and the verb 'सन्ति' (are).

Answer the following questions in English:

Question 1. Where did rfhe go after conquering Malwa?
Answer: After conquering Malwa, he returned to Anahilapur, carrying all the wealth of Yashovarma. He brought back immense riches.
In simple words: After conquering Malwa, he went back to Anahilapur with all of Yashovarma's wealth.

Exam Tip: When answering "where" questions, provide the destination and any relevant details about what was carried or accompanied.

Question 2. From where did सिद्धराज जयसिंह get the famous work of by king भोज?
Answer: Siddharaja Jayasimha received the grammar work composed by King Bhoja, along with the wealth from the library, after he conquered Malwa. This acquisition was significant.
In simple words: Siddharaja Jayasimha got King Bhoja's famous grammar book from the Malwa library after his conquest.

Exam Tip: Specify both the origin (Malwa library) and the context (after conquering Malwa) when asked about the acquisition of a specific item.

Question 3. Who has composed सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरण?
Answer: King Bhoja composed the famous treatise on grammar called Saraswati Kanthabharana. This work is a testament to his scholarship.
In simple words: King Bhoja wrote the well-known grammar book called Saraswati Kanthabharana.

Exam Tip: For "who" questions, state the author's name clearly and mention the specific work they composed.

Question 4. What was सिद्धराज जयसिंह's great desire to achieve? How did he express it before हेमचन्द्राचार्य?
Answer: Siddharaja Jayasimha's great desire was to acquire imperishable fame by creating a treatise like Saraswati Kanthabharana, composed by King Bhoja. He approached Hemchandracharya and said, "If you compose a grammar treatise like Bhojavyakarana, your fame, as well as mine, will become immortal." This shows his ambition.
In simple words: Siddharaja Jayasimha wanted lasting fame by having a grammar book written like Bhoja's. He asked Hemchandracharya to compose one, saying it would make both their names immortal.

Exam Tip: Address both parts of the question: the desire itself and the way it was expressed, including any direct quotes if available.

Translate the following sentences into English:

Question 1. अस्मिन अष्टौ अध्यायाः सन्ति। तेषु प्रारम्भिककेषु षट्सु अध्यायेषु संस्कृतभाषायाः अन्तिमयोः द्वयोः अध्याययोः प्राकृत भाषाणाञ्च व्याकरणमप्यस्ति।
Answer: In this, there are eight chapters. Among them, the initial six chapters contain the grammar of the Sanskrit language, and the last (final) two chapters also contain the grammar of Prakrit languages. This structure helps in learning both.
In simple words: This book has eight chapters. The first six chapters teach Sanskrit grammar, and the last two chapters teach Prakrit grammar.

Exam Tip: For translation, break down complex sentences into smaller, understandable phrases and maintain the original meaning and structure.

Question 2. तेषु भोजेन विरचितं सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरणनाम्ना प्रसिद्ध भोजव्याकरणमपि एकतमम् आसीत्। हेमचन्द्राचार्यैः लक्षश्लोकपरिमितं साहित्यं विरचितमस्ति।
Answer: Among them, one (of the books) was also Bhoja Vyakarana (a work on grammar) famous by the name Saraswati Kanthabharanam. Literature consisting of one lac verses (verses of two or four lines) has been composed by Acharya Hemchandra. This shows his extensive work.
In simple words: One of the famous books was Bhoja Vyakarana, known as Saraswati Kanthabharanam. Acharya Hemchandra wrote literature with one lakh verses.

Exam Tip: Accurately translate proper nouns and technical terms like 'श्लोक' while explaining them simply in parentheses if needed.

Dissolve the sandhis:

Question 1. 'बहवोऽनुपमाः' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) बहवो + नुपमाः
(ख) बहव + नुपमाः
(ग) बहवः + अनुपमाः
(घ) बहवः + नुपमाः
Answer: (ग) बहवः + अनुपमाः
In simple words: This sandhi means "many" and "incomparable". The visarga changes and combines with the vowel.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the transformation of the visarga (ः) before vowels or soft consonants, often leading to 'o' or dropping while the 'r' appears.

Question 2. 'विचारपथमारूढ़ः' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) विचारपथम् + आरूढ़ः
(ख) विचारपथ + आरूढ़ः
(ग) विचारपथे + आरूढ़ः
(घ) विचारपथ + मारूढ़ः
Answer: (क) विचारपथम् + आरूढ़ः
In simple words: This sandhi is broken into "path of thought" and "ascended". The 'm' sound changes before the vowel.

Exam Tip: Remember that a final 'm' (म्) often changes to 'n' (न्) or transforms into a new sound when followed by a vowel or certain consonants.

Question 3. 'सोऽचिन्तयत्' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) सो + चिन्तयत्
(ख) सः + अचिन्तयत्
(ग) स + अचिन्तयेत्
(घ) सः + चिन्तयत्
Answer: (ख) सः + अचिन्तयत्
In simple words: This sandhi breaks into "he" and "thought". The "o" sound with the avagraha (ऽ) comes from the visarga changing.

Exam Tip: The 'ऽ' (avagraha) indicates the elision of a short 'a' after 'o', which often results from a visarga sandhi.

Question 4. 'ग्रन्थागारोऽपि' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) ग्रन्थ + आगार + अपि
(ख) ग्रन्थागारः + अपि
(ग) ग्रन्थ + आगारः + अपि .
(घ) ग्रन्थागारो + अपि
Answer: (ख) ग्रन्थागारः + अपि
In simple words: This sandhi means "library" and "also". The visarga (ः) changes to 'o' before 'a' and then 'a' gets dropped.

Exam Tip: Be careful with the 'o' and 'ऽ' in sandhi, as they usually indicate a visarga (ः) followed by a soft consonant or 'a'.

Question 5. गुर्जरप्रान्तेऽपि' एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः
(क) गुर्जरप्रान्त + अपि
(ख) गुजर्रप्रान्ते + अपि
(ग) गुर्जरप्रान्तो + अपि
(घ) गुर्जरप्रान्त + आपि
Answer: (ख) गुजर्रप्रान्ते + अपि
In simple words: This sandhi is broken into "in the region of Gujarat" and "also". The 'e' ending connects with 'api'.

Exam Tip: Identify the correct case ending for the first word, which here is locative singular 'गुर्जरप्रान्ते' (in the region of Gujarat).

Make sandhis:

Question 1. 'भोजव्याकरणम् + अपि + एकतमम्' एकतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) भोजव्याकरणमपिएकतमम्
(ख) भोजव्याकरणमपीएकतमम्
(ग) भोजव्याकरणमप्येकतमम्
(घ) भोजव्याकरणमप्येतमम्
Answer: (ग) भोजव्याकरणमप्येकतमम्
In simple words: This sandhi joins "Bhoja's grammar", "also", and "one of them". The 'm' changes, and the vowels combine.

Exam Tip: When combining multiple words, apply sandhi rules sequentially: first between the first two words, then between the result and the third word.

Question 2. 'कीर्तिः + वर्तते' एकतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) कीर्तीवर्तते
(ख) कीर्तिर्वर्तते
(ग) कीर्तिवर्तते
(घ) कीर्तिर्वर्तते
Answer: (ख) कीर्तिर्वर्तते
In simple words: This sandhi combines "fame" and "exists". The visarga (ः) changes to 'r' before the 'v'.

Exam Tip: Recall the rule where a visarga (ः) is often replaced by 'r' (र्) when followed by a soft consonant like 'v' (व्).

Question 3. 'अस्मिन् + अष्टौ' एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) अस्मिनष्टौ
(ख) अस्मिन्नष्टौ
(ग) अस्मिनाष्टौ
(घ) अस्मनष्टौ
Answer: (ख) अस्मिन्नष्टौ
In simple words: This sandhi joins "in this" and "eight". The final 'n' of the first word doubles when meeting the vowel 'a'.

Exam Tip: Be careful with the 'n' (न्) ending of the first word; it may double when followed by a vowel or certain consonants, a process called 'Dvittva'.

Question 4. 'षट्सु + अध्यायेषु' एकतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) षट्स्वध्यायेषु
(ख) षट्सूध्यायेषु
(ग) षट्सुध्यायेषु
(घ) षट्स्वयेषु
Answer: (क) षट्स्वध्यायेषु
In simple words: This sandhi combines "in six" and "chapters". The 'u' changes to 'v' before the following vowel.

Exam Tip: The 'u' vowel (सु) often changes to 'v' (व) when followed by another vowel, according to 'Yan Sandhi' rules.

कलिकालसर्वज्ञो हेमचन्द्राचार्यः Introduction

Acharya Hemchandra (1089-1172) was a Jain scholar, poet, and polymath who wrote on grammar, philosophy, prosody, and contemporary history. Noted as a prodigy by his contemporaries, he gained the title कलिकालसर्व i.e., 'all knowing of the Kali Yuga'. He was born in Dhandhuka, Gujarat, and was named चन्द्रदेव by his parents. At the age of 21, he was ordained as an acharya of the Shvetambar sect of Jainism and was given the name हेमचन्द्र। He was a prolific writer and wrote grammars of Sanskrit and Prakrit (सिद्धहैमशब्दानुशासनम्), poetics (काव्यानुशासनम्), the epic poem (त्रिषष्टिशलाका-पुरुषचरित्रम्) etc.

During his life-time, Gujarat was governed by the चालुक्या dynasty, and he rose to prominence under the reign of सिद्धराज. He was an advisor to his successor कुमारपाल. Under the influence of हेमचन्द्र आचार्य, Jainism became the official religion of Gujarat, and animal slaughter was banned. (From Wikipedia.org) This lesson narrates the important incident which led to हेमचन्द्र आचार्य writing his treatise on grammar and underlines the importance of academic excellence over material wealth.

कलिकालसर्वज्ञो हेमचन्द्राचार्यः summary of the chapter

Siddharaja Jayasimha conquered (lit. made the conquest of) Malwa in the 12th century of the Era started by कलिकालसर्वज्ञो. After the conquest, Jayasimha returned to Anahilapur, taking all the wealth of the king with him. With the wealth, even the library that was there had fallen into his possession (lit. hand). In this library, there were many incomparable treatises. Among them, one was also Bhojavyakarana (a work on grammar) famous by the name Saraswati Kanthabharanam, composed by King Bhoja.

Once Siddharaja started thinking. He thought, “I secured the ownership of the wealth by conquering Malwa. I also got their library. But the kind of fame that Bhoja got by (his treatise) Bhojavyakarana has not been won by me. So I should do something like it by which my fame will also be like that of Bhoja.”

Thus thinking, he came to the Jain sage हेमचन्द्र आचार्य, and said, "O respectable, most excellent preceptor, may your honour compose one (work of) grammar like हेमचन्द्र आचार्य, by which the fame of yours as well as mine will be immortal.”

Prompted by the request of Siddharaja Jayasimha, Hemchandracharya composed a unique work of grammar. The treatise is famous by the name Siddha Haima Vyakarana. In this, there are eight chapters. Among them, in the first six chapters, there is the grammar of the Sanskrit language, and in the last two chapters, there is the grammar of Prakrit language also. Literature consisting of one lac Silahs (verses of two or four lines) has been composed by आचार्य हेमचन्द्र.

In this literature, a dictionary named अभिधानचिन्तामणिः, an epic poem composed in Sanskrit and Prakrit having twofold aspects (grammatical example on one hand and developing the plot of story on the other hand) called चालुक्यवंशोत्कीर्तनम्, a book on poetics named काव्यानुशासनम् and छन्दोऽनुशासनम् (a work on prosody) are included. This हेमचन्द्राचार्य, born in the region of Gujarat, continues to shine very brightly like the sun not only in Gujarat but also in the sky (in the form) of the whole Sanskrit literature.

कलिकालसर्वज्ञो हेमचन्द्राचार्यः Translation And Glossary

1. संस्कृतम्:

विक्रमस्य द्वादश्यां शताब्द्यां सिद्धराजः जयसिंहः मालवविजयं कृतवान्। विजयानन्तरं जयसिंहः नृपतेः यशोवर्मणः सर्वं धनं गृहीत्वा अणहिलपुरं प्रत्यागतवान्। धनेन सह तत्रव्यः ग्रन्थागारोऽपि तस्य हस्तगतो जातः। अस्मिन् ग्रन्थागारे बहवोऽनपमाः ग्रन्थाः आसन्। तेषु भोजेन विरचितं सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरणनाम्ना प्रसिद्ध भोजव्याकरणमपि एतमम् आसीत्।

Translation:

Siddharaja Jayasimha conquered (lit. made the conquest of) Malwa in the 12th century of the Era started by Vikramaaditya. After the conquest, Jayasimha returned to Anahilapur, taking all the wealth of King Yashovarma with him. With the wealth, even the library that was there had fallen into his possession (lit. hand). In this library, there were many incomparable treatises. Among them, one was also Bhojavyakarana (a work on grammar) famous by the name Saraswati Kanthabharanam, composed by King Bhoja.

अव्ययम् – तत्र – त्वं तत्र कदा गमिष्यसि ? अपि – रमेशः अपि अध्ययने संलग्नः अस्ति। विशेष्य – विशेषणम् – ग्रन्थाः – अनुपमाः धनं – सर्वं

Glossary:

विक्रमस्य द्वादश्याम् शताब्धाम् – in the 12th century of an Era started by विक्रमादित्य, शताब्धाम् – शतानाम् अब्दानां समाहारः, तस्याम् – द्विगु समास; king विक्रमादित्य lived before 2070 years.

सिद्धराजः जयसिंहः – the king of अणहिलपुर, मालवविजयम् – मालवानाम् विजयः, तम् षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास; the conquest of Malwa, कृतवान् – अकरोत्, made; कृ (8U). Past active participle तवत् प्रत्ययान्त कर्तरि भूतकृदन्त – masculine nominative singular; verb of the subject जयसिंह, विजयानन्तरम् – विजयात् अनन्तरम् – पञ्चमी तत्पुरुष समास, – after the conquest, नृपतेः, यशोवर्मणः – नृणाम् पतिः तस्य – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, of the king यशोवर्मा, यशोवर्मणः – यशोवर्मन् (masculine noun ending in न्) ablative, genitive singular, सर्वम् धनम् – all the wealth; object of गृहीत्वा, गृहीत्वा – having taken; ग्रहः (9U), सम्बन्धक भूतकृदन्त, त्वान्त gerund,

अणाहिलपुरम् – to अण हिलपुर, the ancient name of पाटण (North Gujarat), प्रत्यागतवान् – प्रत्यागच्छत् came back; प्रति + आ + गम् (1P) past active participle, तवत् प्रत्ययान्त कर्तरि भूतकृदन्त, masculine nominative singular; verb of the subject, जयसिंहः धनेन सह – along with the wealth, तत्रस्यः – belonging to that place, adjective of the noun, ग्रन्थागारः, ग्रन्थागारः – ग्रन्थानाम् आगारः – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास; library (आगार – house), तस्य हस्तगतः जातः – came to hand, falling into his possession;

हस्तगतः – हस्तम् गतः – द्वितीया तत्पुरुष समास, अस्मिन् ग्रन्थागारे – in this library, बहवोऽनुपमाः – बहवः + अनुपमाः, many incomparable, अनुपमाः – न विद्यते उपमा येषाम् ते – नञ् बहुव्रीहि समास, the adjective of the noun, ग्रन्थाः, आसन् – were, the verb of the subject, ग्रन्थाः सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरण प्रसिद्धम् – famous by the name, सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरण, भोजव्याकरणमपि – भोजव्याकरणम् + अपि grammar composed by king भोज also, एकतमम् – one (of the many).

2. संस्कृतम्:

एकदा सिद्धराजः विचारपथम् आरूढः। सः अचिन्तयत, 'मालवविजयेन अहं धनस्य स्वामित्वं प्राप्तवान्। तस्य ग्रन्थागारः अपि मया प्राप्तः। परन्तु भोजव्याकरणेन भोजनस्य यादशी कीर्तिर्वर्तते तादशी कीर्तिर्मया न प्राप्ता। अतः एतादशं किमपि करणीयं येन मदीया कीर्तिरपि तादृशी भवेत् यादृशी भोजस्यास्ति।'

Translation:

Once Siddharaja started thinking. He thought, “I secured the ownership of the wealth by conquering Malwa. I also got their library. But the kind of fame that Bhoja got by (his treatise) Bhojavyakarana has not been won by me. So I should do something like it by which my fame will also be like that of Bhoja.”

अव्ययम् – एकदा – एकदा सः वनं गतवान्। अपि – रामेण सह श्यामः अपि तत्र गच्छति। विशेष्य – विशेषणम् – कीर्ति – यादृशी

Glossary:

विचारपथम् – विचारस्य पन्थाः, विचारपथः, तम् – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास; on the way of thought/ thinking. Note the nominative singular of the noun, पथिन् – (M) is, पन्थाः, in the compound word it becomes, पथ like देव, विचारपथम् आरूढ़ः – started thinking, धनस्य

स्वामित्वम् - ownership of wealth, प्राप्तवान् - got (I) have obtained), प्र + आप् (5P), तवत् प्रत्ययान्त कर्तरि भूतकृदन्त - past active participle, masculine nominative singular. निवेदितवान् - (he) informed, conveyed;

नि + विद् (10U) तवत् प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त, past active participle, masculine nominative singular, अयि आचार्यवर्यः - O you respectable preceptor, आचार्येषु वर्यः - सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समास; वर्यः - best most excellent, भोजनव्याकरणसदृशम् - भोजस्य व्याकरणम् भोजव्याकरणम् - षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास; भोजव्याकरणेन सदृशम् - तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास - like the grammar of king भोज, विरचयन्तु - (please) compose; वि + रच् (100)., more polite request, भवताम् - your; भवेत् (pronoun) masculine genitive plural, tlfdf: - fame.

3. संस्कृतम्:

एवं विचार्य सः जैनमुनिमाचार्य हेमचन्द्र प्राप्तवान, निवेदितवान् च, "अयि आचार्यवर्याः। भवन्तो भोजव्याकरणसदृशं एकं व्याकरणं विरचयन्तु, येन भवतां मम च कीर्तिः अमरा भवेत्” इति। सिद्धराजस्य जयसिंहस्य निवेदनेन प्रेरितः हेमचन्द्राचार्याः एकमपूर्वं व्याकरणग्रन्थं रचितवन्तः। । सः सिद्धहैमव्याकरणम् इति नाम्ना प्रसिद्धः अस्ति। अस्मिन् अष्टौ अध्यायाः सन्ति। तेषु प्रारम्भिकेषु षट्सु संस्कृतभाषायाः अन्तिमयोः द्वयोः अध्याययोः प्राकृतभाषाणाञ्च व्याकरणमप्यस्ति।

Translation:

With this idea, he went to the Jain sage, Acharya Hemchandra, and stated, "O respected, most excellent teacher, please create a grammar similar to Bhojavyakaranam, through which your fame and mine will endure forever.” Encouraged by the request of Siddharaja Jayasimha, Hemchandracharya created a special grammar book. This work is well-known as Siddhahema Vyakarana. It contains eight chapters. The first six chapters cover Sanskrit grammar, and the last two chapters also include Prakrit languages grammar.

अव्ययम् - एवं - एवं विचारं कर्तुम् स तेन सह गतः।

विशेष्य - विशेषणम् - अध्यायः - प्रारम्भिकः

Glossary:

प्रेरिताः - inspired, prompted, urged; प्र + ईर् (10U) past passive participle, कर्मणि भूतकृदन्त, masculine nominative plural, एकमपूर्वम् - एकम् + अपूर्वम् - one unique; both these words are adjectives of the noun, व्याकरणग्रन्थम् रचितवन्तः - composed; रच् (10U) past active

participle, तवत् प्रत्ययान्त कर्तरि भूतकृदन्त, masculinenominative plural; verb of the subject, हेमचन्द्राचार्याः नाम्ना - by the name नाम्ना - (Neuter noun ending in 7) instrumental singular, अष्टौ अध्यायाः - eight chapters, प्रारम्भिकेषु - in the initial or first (6 chapters), अन्तिर्मयोः - in the last two (chapters), प्राकृतभाषाणाम् - of प्राकृत languages, there were languages other than Sanskrit such as शौरसेनी, मागधी, अर्धमागधी, पाली, महाराष्ट्री, अपभ्रंश etc., that were called प्राकृत, In Sanskrit plays women, servants usually speak in प्राकृत, व्याकरणमप्यस्ति - व्याकरणम् + अपि + अस्ति, - there is even the grammar.

4. संस्कृतम्:

हेमचन्द्राचार्यैः लक्षश्लोकपरिमितं साहित्यं विरचितमस्ति। अस्मिन् साहित्ये 'अभिधानचिन्तामणिः' इति नामकः कोषग्रन्थः, 'चालुक्यवंशोत्कीर्तनम्' इति नामकं संस्कृत-प्राकृतभाषानिबद्ध द्वयाश्रयं महाकाव्यम्, 'काव्यानुशासनम्' इति नामकः अलंकारशास्त्रीयः ग्रन्थः, 'छन्दोऽनुशासन', ञ्चेत्यादीनां बहूनां ग्रन्थानां समावेशो भवति। गुर्जरप्रदेशे लब्धजनिरयं हेमचन्द्राचार्यः न केवलं गुर्जरप्रान्तेऽपि तु समग्रेऽपि संस्कृतसाहित्याकाशे सूर्यवत् प्रकाशते।

Translation:

Acharya Hemchandra created literature comprising one hundred thousand verses (श्लोकs, each with two or four lines). This collection includes a dictionary called Abhidhanachintamani, an epic poem named Chalukya Vanshotkirtanam, written in both Sanskrit and Prakrit with two meanings (offering grammar examples and developing a story), and books on poetics like Kavyanushasanam and Chhandonushasanam (a work on prosody). This great scholar, born in Gujarat, continues to shine very brightly like the sun, not only within Gujarat but also across the entire Sanskrit literary world.

अव्ययम् - अपि - सः गुर्जरप्रान्तेऽपि गतः।

विशेष्य - विशेषणम् - श्लोकः - लक्षः

Glossary:

लक्षश्लोकपरिमितम् - of one lac, श्लोकs अस्मिन् साहित्ये - in this literature, अभिधानचिन्तामणि नामकः (कोषग्रन्थः) - the dictionary named, अभिधानचिन्तामणि चालुक्यवंशोत्कीर्तनम् नामकम् द्वयाश्रयम् महाकाव्यम् - the epic poem of the twofold nature (in every single verse on one side there are illustrations of grammar rules and on the other side the development of the story or plot) named चालुक्यवंशोत्कीर्तनम्, काव्यानुशासनम् - a work by this name अलंकारशास्त्रीयः ग्रन्थः a work about .अलंकारशास्त्र (science of Rhetoric),

छन्दोऽनुशासनम् - a work by this name, इत्यादीनाम् बहूनाम् ग्रन्थानाम् - of these and many other works. गुर्जरप्रदेशे - In Gujarat, लब्धजनिः - लब्धा जनिः येन सः - बहुव्रीहि समास - who was born (lit. got birth) in. Note: जनि is Feminine noun, न केवलम् - अपि ... तु - not only ... but also, समग्रेऽपि - समग्रे + अपि in the whole, संस्कृतसाहित्याकाशे - संस्कृत साहित्यम् एव आकाशम्, तस्मिन् - कर्मधारय समास; in the sky of Sanskrit literature, सूर्यवत् - सेर्यः इव - like the sun, प्रकाशते - shines brightly (प्र)।