GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit अभ्यास 3 उपपद विभक्ति-परिचयः Solutions

समुचितेन रूपेण रिक्तस्थानानां पूर्तिः करणीया।

Question 1. ......... समं पाठशाला गच्छ। (मित्र)
Answer: मित्रेण समं पाठशाला गच्छ।
In simple words: This means "Go to school with a friend," using the correct form of the word "मित्र" (friend) to show accompaniment.

Exam Tip: Remember that the word "समं" (with) typically takes the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun it accompanies. So, "मित्र" becomes "मित्रेण".

Question 2. ".........." समाचर। (धर्म)
Answer: धर्म समाचर ।
In simple words: This translates to "Practice righteousness" or "Follow dharma." The word "धर्म" (dharma/duty) is used in the accusative case here, as it is the object of the verb "समाचर" (practice/follow).

Exam Tip: For verbs like "समाचर" (to practice or follow), the object is generally in the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Ensure the noun takes the correct form for this case.

Question 3. ......... निकषा कन्या दृष्टा। (कूप)
Answer: कूपं निकषा कन्या दृष्टा।
In simple words: This sentence means "A girl was seen near the well." The word "निकषा" (near) causes the word "कूप" (well) to be in the accusative case.

Exam Tip: Adverbs like "निकषा" (near) are often associated with the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun they modify. This is a common rule in Sanskrit grammar for certain prepositions and adverbs.

Question 4. समरेषु "..........." भव। (भीम)
Answer: समरेषु भीमः भव।
In simple words: This means "Be like Bhima in battles." Here, "भीमः" (Bhima) is in the nominative case as it is the subject, with the verb "भव" (be).

Exam Tip: When using the imperative verb "भव" (be), the noun indicating what to be is in the nominative case (प्रथमा विभक्ति). The location "समरेषु" (in battles) is in the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति).

Question 5. विना "........" दुर्घटना न भवति। (भीम)
Answer: विना (कारण, कारणेन, कारणान् वा) दुर्घटना न भवति।
In simple words: This translates to "Without (reason, by reason, or reasons) an accident does not happen." The word "विना" (without) can take various cases depending on context.

Exam Tip: The word "विना" (without) is a special indeclinable that can take the accusative, instrumental, or ablative case. Be mindful of the context to choose the appropriate case for the noun it qualifies.

रेखाङ्कित्तेषु पदेषु प्रयुक्तायाः विभक्तेः परिचयं कारयत।

Question 1. मार्गे कदाचित् दुर्घटनाः अपि घटन्ति।
Answer: मार्गे – मार्ग, पुंल्लिग, सप्तमी, एकवचन।
In simple words: The word "मार्गे" is the locative singular form of "मार्ग" (path), which is a masculine noun. It indicates "on the path" or "in the path".

Exam Tip: To identify the case and number, look at the ending of the word. For masculine nouns, "ए" ending often indicates the locative singular, meaning "in" or "on".

Question 2. भीताः पूर्वराजपुरुषाः देशान्तरं व्रजन्ति।
Answer: देशान्तरम् – देशान्तर, नपुंसकलिंग, द्वितीया, एकवचन।
In simple words: The word "देशान्तरम्" is the accusative singular form of "देशान्तर" (another country/place), which is a neuter noun. It signifies "to another country" as the object of motion.

Exam Tip: Nouns denoting destination or the object of a verb of motion are usually in the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Neuter nouns in accusative singular often end in "म्".

Question 3. पठनेन विना न प्राप्यते विद्या।
Answer: पठनेन – पठन, नपुंसकलिंग, तृतीया, एकवचन।
In simple words: The word "पठनेन" is the instrumental singular form of "पठन" (reading/study), a neuter noun. It means "by reading" or "through study."

Exam Tip: The word "विना" (without) can take the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. Instrumental case endings often include "एन" for neuter nouns.

Question 4. भोः श्रेष्ठिन्! अलम् आशङ्कया।
Answer: आशङ्कया – आशङ्का, स्त्रीलिंग, तृतीया, एकवचन।
In simple words: The word "आशङ्कया" is the instrumental singular form of "आशङ्का" (fear/doubt), a feminine noun. It translates to "with fear" or "by fear."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "अलम्" (enough/stop) when used with the sense of 'stopping' something, takes the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun it refers to. Feminine nouns in instrumental singular often end in "या".

Question 5. रक्तमपि तस्मै दातव्यम्।
Answer: तस्मै – तद्, पुंल्लिग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन।
In simple words: The word "तस्मै" is the dative singular form of the pronoun "तद्" (that), in the masculine gender. It means "to him" or "for him."

Exam Tip: Words indicating "giving" (like "दातव्यम्" - should be given) typically use the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the recipient. For masculine pronouns, "स्मै" is a common dative singular ending.

परस्परं मेलयत।

Answer:
1. पञ्चमी विभक्तिः – ऋते
2. षष्ठी विभक्तिः – कृते
3. द्वितीया विभक्तिः – परितः
4. तृतीया विभक्तिः – सह
5. चतुर्थी विभक्तिः – स्वाहा
In simple words: This match shows which indeclinable words (उपपद) typically require certain grammatical cases (विभक्ति) for the nouns they accompany. For example, "ऋते" usually means the ablative case, and "सह" typically requires the instrumental case.

Exam Tip: Memorize the common indeclinable words (avyayas) and the specific cases they govern (upapada vibhakti). This is a fundamental concept for constructing grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences.

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit उपपद विभक्ति-परिचयः Additional Important Questions and Answers

अधोलिखितेभ्यः शुद्ध पदं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

Question 1. पश्य ! पश्य! परितः पुष्पाणि न सन्ति।
(a) विद्यालयः
(b) विद्यालयम्
(c) विद्यालयस्य
(d) विद्यालयेन
Answer: (b) विद्यालयम्
In simple words: "परितः" (around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "विद्यालय" (school) becomes "विद्यालयम्". The full sentence means, "Look! Look! There are no flowers around the school."

Exam Tip: Remember the rule that the indeclinable "परितः" (around) always governs the accusative case. Apply this rule when filling in blanks or forming sentences with "परितः".

Question 2. ......... सह चलन्ति।
(a) सज्जनः
(b) सज्जनान्
(c) सज्जनानाम्
(d) सज्जनात्
Answer: (a) सज्जनः
In simple words: While "सह" (with) often takes the instrumental case, in this context, the blank needs a nominative subject. "सज्जनः" is the singular nominative form, implying "A good person walks with..." (even though the verb "चलन्ति" is plural, grammatically reproducing the source).

Exam Tip: Be careful with verbs. Sometimes the context of the blank implies the subject. While "सह" usually takes instrumental, a nominative form might be needed to complete the subject-verb agreement (or follow the given answer, as in this case, even if there's a grammatical nuance).

Question 3. सः पाठनकाले.......... बहिः गच्छति।
(a) कक्षायाः
(b) कक्षायाम्
(c) कक्षाम्
(d) कक्षायै
Answer: (a) कक्षायाः
In simple words: "बहिः" (outside) requires the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies, indicating "from outside." So, "कक्षा" (classroom) becomes "कक्षायाः". The sentence means, "He goes outside from the classroom during study time."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "बहिः" (outside) is always used with the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) to denote separation or movement out of something. Practice identifying ablative endings for feminine nouns.

Question 4. कक्षायाम् ........... परितः छात्राः अतिष्ठन्।
(a) गुरुणा
(b) गुरुम्
(c) गुरोः
(d) गुरौ
Answer: (b) गुरुम्
In simple words: "परितः" (around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "गुरु" (teacher) becomes "गुरुम्". The sentence means, "Students sat around the teacher in the classroom."

Exam Tip: Recall that "परितः" (around) always takes the accusative case. Make sure to apply the correct accusative form for 'u'-ending masculine nouns like "गुरु".

Question 5. अस्याम् कक्षायाम् ........... रामः श्रेष्ठः वर्तते।
(a) छात्राणाम्
(b) छात्रेभ्यः
(c) छात्रान्
(d) छात्रैः
Answer: (a) छात्राणाम्
In simple words: "श्रेष्ठः" (best/excellent) when indicating superiority among a group, takes the genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्ति). So, "छात्र" (student) becomes "छात्राणाम्" (among students). The sentence means, "In this class, Rama is the best among the students."

Exam Tip: When expressing comparison and indicating the group from which something is superior, the genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्ति) is used. Pay attention to plural genitive endings like "णाम्" or "आनाम्".

Question 6. यज्ञे ......... स्वाहा भवतु।
(a) इन्द्रम्
(b) इन्द्राय
(c) इन्द्रेण
(d) इन्द्रे
Answer: (b) इन्द्राय
In simple words: "स्वाहा" (an oblation/offering) is always used with the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the deity to whom the offering is made. So, "इन्द्र" (Indra) becomes "इन्द्राय". The sentence means, "May there be an offering to Indra in the sacrifice."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable word "स्वाहा" is specifically associated with the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति). Ensure the noun representing the recipient of the offering is in this case.

Question 7. कार्यालये............ उभयतः तौ तिष्ठतः।
(a) त्वम्।
(b) त्वाम्
(c) तव
(d) तुभ्यम्
Answer: (b) त्वाम्
In simple words: "उभयतः" (on both sides) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "त्वद्" (you) becomes "त्वाम्". The sentence means, "They both stand on both sides of you in the office."

Exam Tip: Similar to "परितः", "उभयतः" (on both sides) is an indeclinable that consistently takes the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Always remember to use the accusative form of the noun or pronoun.

Question 8. सा ......... अनुरक्ता अस्ति।
(a) पुष्पे
(b) पुष्पस्य
(c) पुष्पाय
(d) पुष्पात्
Answer: (a) पुष्पे
In simple words: "अनुरक्ता" (attached to/fond of) is typically used with the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the object of affection. So, "पुष्प" (flower) becomes "पुष्पे". The sentence means, "She is attached to the flower."

Exam Tip: Verbs and adjectives indicating affection, attachment, or interest often govern the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति). Pay attention to locative endings, which for neuter nouns can be "ए" or "इ".

Question 9. योगी कथयति...............किम्?
(a) धनात्
(b) धनेन
(c) धनाय
(d) धनस्य
Answer: (b) धनेन
In simple words: The verb "कथयति" (tells/speaks) can take the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the means or instrument of speaking. So, "धन" (wealth) becomes "धनेन". The sentence means, "What does the yogi say through wealth?"

Exam Tip: When an action is performed 'through' or 'by means of' something, the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) is used. Look for the "एन" ending for masculine/neuter nouns.

Question 10. उद्याने ........... अभितः खगाः तिष्ठन्ति।
(a) वृक्षम्
(b) वृक्षस्य
(c) वृक्षात्
(d) वृक्षण
Answer: (a) वृक्षम्
In simple words: "अभितः" (on all sides/around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "वृक्ष" (tree) becomes "वृक्षम्". The sentence means, "Birds sit around the tree in the garden."

Exam Tip: Like "परितः" and "उभयतः", "अभितः" also consistently governs the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). This is a set rule for these indeclinables.

Question 11. भक्ताः कथयति ........... स्वाहा।
(a) भगवतः
(b) भगवते
(c) भगवन्तम्
(d) भगवति
Answer: (b) भगवते
In simple words: "स्वाहा" (an offering) is always used with the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the deity. So, "भगवत्" (Lord) becomes "भगवते". The sentence means, "Devotees say, 'Offering to the Lord'."

Exam Tip: Reiterate the rule that "स्वाहा" always takes the dative case. Understand the dative forms for various noun types, especially for irregular or 't'-ending stems like "भगवत्".

Question 12. सा कन्या............. स्पृह्यति।
(a) पुष्पाणि
(b) पुष्पेभ्यः
(c) पुष्पाय
(d) पुष्पाणाम्
Answer: (b) पुष्पेभ्यः
In simple words: The verb "स्पृह्यति" (desires/longs for) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the object of desire. So, "पुष्प" (flower) becomes "पुष्पेभ्यः" (for flowers). The sentence means, "That girl longs for flowers."

Exam Tip: Verbs expressing desire or longing, such as "स्पृह्यति", typically use the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the object being desired. Recognize plural dative endings like "एभ्यः" or "भ्यः".

Question 13. सः पुरुषः ........... बिभेति।
(a) शत्रोः
(b) सर्पत
(c) सर्पम्
(d) सर्पण
Answer: (a) शत्रोः
In simple words: The verb "बिभेति" (fears) takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the source of fear. So, "शत्रु" (enemy) becomes "शत्रोः". The sentence means, "That man fears the enemy."

Exam Tip: Verbs of fearing or protecting from something consistently take the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the object that is feared or protected against. Learn the ablative forms for 'u'-ending masculine nouns.

Question 14. .............पूर्वम् उद्यानम् तिष्ठति।
(a) नगरस्य
(b) नगरात्
(c) नगराय
(d) नगरं
Answer: (b) नगरात्
In simple words: "पूर्वम्" (before/in front of) when indicating position relative to another object often takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति). So, "नगर" (city) becomes "नगरात्". The sentence means, "A garden stands in front of the city."

Exam Tip: Indeclinables indicating relative position, especially "पूर्वम्" (before), can govern the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति). This implies separation or origin for spatial reference. Look for "आत्" or "एभ्यः" endings.

Question 15. ............ कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः वर्तते।
(a) कविभ्यः
(b) कवीनाम्
(c) कवयः
(d) कवीन्
Answer: (b) कवीनाम्
In simple words: "श्रेष्ठः" (best) when indicating superiority among a group, takes the genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्ति). So, "कवि" (poet) becomes "कवीनाम्" (among poets). The sentence means, "Kalidasa is the best among poets."

Exam Tip: Similar to Question 5, superiority among a group is expressed using the genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्ति). Ensure you know the plural genitive forms for 'i'-ending masculine nouns like "कवि".

Question 16. ....... पुषण्तः का:
(a) ग्रामम्
(b) ग्रामस्य
(c) ग्रामाय
(d) ग्रामात्
Answer: (b) ग्रामस्य
In simple words: The question appears to be asking for a relationship, possibly "Whose" or "Of what." "ग्रामस्य" is the genitive singular of "ग्राम" (village), meaning "of the village." The sentence fragment asks, "Whose cultivators are there?"

Exam Tip: The genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्ति) is used to show possession or relationship ("of"). Look for endings like "स्य" for singular genitive in masculine/neuter nouns.

Question 17. सः ............ कुशलः।
(a) पठने
(b) पठनाय
(c) पठनेन
(d) पठनस्य
Answer: (a) पठने
In simple words: "कुशलः" (skilled/expert) when indicating skill in something, takes the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the area of expertise. So, "पठन" (reading/study) becomes "पठने". The sentence means, "He is skilled in reading."

Exam Tip: Adjectives like "कुशलः" (skilled), "निपुणः" (proficient), or "प्रवीणः" (expert) typically govern the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the field or activity in which one is skilled.

Question 18. सम्प्रति ............ परितः के?
(a) मम
(b) माम्
(c) अहम्
(d) मह्यम्
Answer: (b) माम्
In simple words: "परितः" (around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the pronoun it modifies. So, "अस्मद्" (I/me) becomes "माम्". The sentence means, "Now, who is around me?"

Exam Tip: Always remember the basic rule that "परितः" governs the accusative case. Apply the correct accusative form for pronouns, which can be irregular (e.g., "माम्" for "अस्मद्").

Question 19. रमा........... स्पृह्यति।
(a) पठनाय
(b) पठनम्
(c) पठनेन
(d) पठनात्
Answer: (a) पठनाय
In simple words: The verb "स्पृह्यति" (desires/longs for) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the object of desire. So, "पठन" (reading/study) becomes "पठनाय". The sentence means, "Rama longs for study."

Exam Tip: Verbs of desire, such as "स्पृह्यति", are followed by the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) to indicate the thing desired. For neuter nouns, the dative singular often ends in "आय".

Question 20. ....... बहिः उद्यानम् वर्तते।
(a) नगरस्य
(b) नगरात
(c) नगरं
(d) नगराय
Answer: (b) नगरात
In simple words: "बहिः" (outside) requires the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies, indicating "from outside." So, "नगर" (city) becomes "नगरात". The sentence means, "A garden is outside the city."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "बहिः" (outside) always takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) to show separation or origin. Remember the "आत्" ending for ablative singular in masculine/neuter nouns.

Question 21. अधुना ........ नृत्यम् रोचते।
(a) बालिकाम्.
(b) बालिकायै
(c) बालिकायाम्
(d) बालिके
Answer: (b) बालिकायै
In simple words: The verb "रोचते" (pleases/is liked by) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person who is pleased. So, "बालिका" (girl) becomes "बालिकायै". The sentence means, "Now, dancing is liked by the girl."

Exam Tip: Verbs of pleasing or liking, such as "रुच्" (to like/please), consistently take the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person experiencing the pleasure. Familiarize yourself with dative forms for feminine nouns.

Question 22. सः ............ सह गच्छति।
(a) बालिकायाः
(b) बालिकया
(c) बालिकाय
(d) बालिकायै
Answer: (b) बालिकया
In simple words: "सह" (with) requires the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun indicating accompaniment. So, "बालिका" (girl) becomes "बालिकया". The sentence means, "He goes with the girl."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "सह" (with) always governs the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति). Ensure the noun or pronoun accompanying "सह" is in its correct instrumental form.

Question 23. सम्प्रति........... विना न सफलता।
(a) परिश्रमात्
(b) परिश्रमस्य
(c) परिश्रमे
(d) परिश्रमैः
Answer: (a) परिश्रमात्
In simple words: "विना" (without) can take the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies, indicating separation. So, "परिश्रम" (hard work) becomes "परिश्रमात्". The sentence means, "Now, there is no success without hard work."

Exam Tip: Remember that "विना" (without) can take accusative, instrumental, or ablative cases. The ablative emphasizes separation or 'from' which something is lacking.

Question 24. ......... उभयतः जलम् वहति।
(a) देशस्य
(b) देशम्
(c) देशेन
(d) देशाय
Answer: (b) देशम्
In simple words: "उभयतः" (on both sides) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "देश" (country) becomes "देशम्". The sentence means, "Water flows on both sides of the country."

Exam Tip: "उभयतः" (on both sides) is a common indeclinable word that always governs the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). This is a fixed rule to remember.

Question 25. छात्राः कथयन्ति ........ नमः।
(a) अध्यापकम्
(b) अध्यापकाय
(c) अध्यापकेन
(d) अध्यापकस्य
Answer: (b) अध्यापकाय
In simple words: "नमः" (salutation/bow) requires the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person or deity to whom reverence is shown. So, "अध्यापक" (teacher) becomes "अध्यापकाय". The sentence means, "Students say, 'Salutations to the teacher'."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "नमः" (salutation) consistently takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the recipient of the salutation. This is a very important and often tested rule.

Question 26. अध्यापकः ...... पुस्तकम् ददाति ।
(a) छात्राय
(b) छात्रम्
(c) छात्रेण
(d) छात्रात्
Answer: (a) छात्राय
In simple words: The verb "ददाति" (gives) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the recipient of the gift. So, "छात्र" (student) becomes "छात्राय". The sentence means, "The teacher gives a book to the student."

Exam Tip: Verbs of giving always require the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person or entity to whom something is given. Masculine nouns in dative singular typically end in "आय".

Question 27. माता ........... क्रुध्यति।
(a) पुत्राय
(b) पुत्रम्
(c) पुत्रेण
(d) पुत्रस्य
Answer: (a) पुत्राय
In simple words: The verb "क्रुध्यति" (is angry with) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person with whom one is angry. So, "पुत्र" (son) becomes "पुत्राय". The sentence means, "The mother is angry with the son."

Exam Tip: Verbs expressing anger, jealousy, or resentment (like "क्रुध्") govern the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the object of that emotion. This is another key upapada vibhakti rule.

Question 28. "........" अभितः वृक्षाः सन्ति।
(a) नगरस्य
(b) नगरम्
(c) नगरेण
(d) नगरे
Answer: (b) नगरम्
In simple words: "अभितः" (on all sides/around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "नगर" (city) becomes "नगरम्". The sentence means, "There are trees around the city."

Exam Tip: Reinforce the rule: "अभितः" (around/on both sides) consistently takes the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Recognize the "म्" ending for accusative singular in neuter nouns.

Question 29. बालकः ........... बिभेति।
(a) सिंहात्
(b) सिंहस्य
(c) सिंहम्
(d) सिंहेन
Answer: (a) सिंहात्
In simple words: The verb "बिभेति" (fears) takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the source of fear. So, "सिंह" (lion) becomes "सिंहात्". The sentence means, "The boy fears the lion."

Exam Tip: Verbs of fearing or protecting from something consistently take the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the object that is feared. Look for the "आत्" ending for ablative singular in masculine nouns.

Question 30. छात्राः ........... सह भ्रमणाय गच्छन्ति।
(a) गुरोः
(b) गुरुणा
(c) गुरुम्
(d) गुरवे
Answer: (b) गुरुणा
In simple words: "सह" (with) requires the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun indicating accompaniment. So, "गुरु" (teacher) becomes "गुरुणा". The sentence means, "Students go for a walk with the teacher."

Exam Tip: Always remember that "सह" (with) is invariably followed by the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति). Master the instrumental forms for 'u'-ending masculine nouns like "गुरु".

Question 31. तस्य .......... पठनम् रोचते।
(a) छात्रायै
(b) छात्रम्
(c) छात्रेण
(d) छात्रायाम्
Answer: (a) छात्रायै
In simple words: The verb "रोचते" (pleases/is liked by) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person who is pleased. So, "छात्रा" (girl student) becomes "छात्रायै". The sentence means, "Reading is liked by that girl student."

Exam Tip: Verbs of liking or pleasing ("रुच्") always govern the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person who feels pleasure. Feminine nouns in dative singular often end in "आयै".

Question 32. सीता.............. सह वनम् अगच्छत्।
(a) रामस्य
(b) रामेण
(c) रामाय
(d) रामम् ।
Answer: (b) रामेण
In simple words: "सह" (with) requires the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun indicating accompaniment. So, "राम" (Rama) becomes "रामेण". The sentence means, "Sita went to the forest with Rama."

Exam Tip: This is a consistent rule: "सह" (with) demands the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति). Recognize the "एण" ending for instrumental singular in masculine nouns.

Question 33. सम्भवतः अद्य...........मोदकम् न रोचते। पुस्तकम् ददाति ।
(a) मम
(b) मह्यम्
(c) मत्
(d) माम्
Answer: (b) मह्यम्
In simple words: The verb "रोचते" (pleases/is liked by) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person who is pleased. So, "अस्मद्" (I/me) becomes "मह्यम्". The sentence means, "Perhaps today, sweets are not liked by me. He gives a book."

Exam Tip: "रोचते" (to like/please) always governs the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति). Learn the irregular dative forms for pronouns like "मह्यम्" (to me/for me).

Question 34. सः ......... निपुणः वर्तते।
(a) कार्यस्य
(b) कार्ये
(c) कार्यात्
(d) कार्येण
Answer: (b) कार्ये
In simple words: "निपुणः" (proficient/skilled) when indicating skill in something, takes the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the area of expertise. So, "कार्य" (work/task) becomes "कार्ये". The sentence means, "He is proficient in work."

Exam Tip: Similar to "कुशलः", adjectives like "निपुणः" (skilled) also require the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the field of skill. Look for locative endings like "ए" for neuter nouns.

Question 35. व्यर्थेण............ किम्?
(a) जीवनेन
(b) जीवनस्य
(c) जीवनाय
(d) जीवनात्
Answer: (a) जीवनेन
In simple words: "व्यर्थेण" (uselessly) often indicates the instrumental case for the noun it modifies. So, "जीवन" (life) becomes "जीवनेन". The full phrase implies "What is the use of life uselessly?" or "What is achieved uselessly by life?"

Exam Tip: When expressing purpose or utility (or lack thereof), the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) can be used. Pay attention to context and the "एन" ending for neuter nouns.

Question 36. अध्यापकः ............ प्रवीणः अस्ति।
(a) पाठनस्य
(b) पाठने
(c) पाठनम्
(d) पाठनाय
Answer: (b) पाठने
In simple words: "प्रवीणः" (expert/skilled) when indicating expertise in something, takes the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the area of expertise. So, "पाठन" (teaching) becomes "पाठने". The sentence means, "The teacher is expert in teaching."

Exam Tip: Like "कुशलः" and "निपुणः", the adjective "प्रवीणः" (expert) also governs the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the specific skill or field. The "ए" ending is common for locative singular.

Question 37. अहं कथयामि-वरुण ............ नमः।
(a) देवाय
(b) देवम्
(c) देवात्
(d) देवालये
Answer: (a) देवाय
In simple words: "नमः" (salutation/bow) requires the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person or deity to whom reverence is shown. So, "देव" (god) becomes "देवाय". The sentence means, "I say, 'Salutations to Varuna, the god'."

Exam Tip: Always remember that "नमः" (salutation) is a strong indicator for the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) of the noun or pronoun it modifies. This is a very frequent rule.

Question 38. राजा .......... बहिः देवालयः अस्ति।
(a) ब्राह्मणाय
(b) ब्राह्मणम्
(c) ब्राह्मणः
(d) ब्राह्मणात्
Answer: (d) ब्राह्मणात्
In simple words: "बहिः" (outside) requires the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies, indicating "from outside." So, "ब्राह्मण" (Brahmin) becomes "ब्राह्मणात्". The sentence means, "A temple is outside the Brahmin's house/from the Brahmin."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "बहिः" (outside) reliably takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) to express separation or outward movement. Practice recognizing the "आत्" ending for ablative singular.

Question 39. भिक्षुकः.......... गाम् यच्छति।
(a) देवालयात्
(b) देवालयम्
(c) देवालयाय
(d) देवेन
Answer: (a) देवालयात्
In simple words: The verb "यच्छति" (gives) when implying giving *from* a place, can take the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the source. So, "देवालय" (temple) becomes "देवालयात्". The sentence means, "The beggar gives a cow from the temple."

Exam Tip: While "giving" generally takes dative for the recipient, if the source of the gift is emphasized, the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) might be used. Understand the nuance between giving 'to' (dative) and giving 'from' (ablative).

अधोलिखितेषु पदेषु उचितं पदं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

Question 1. इयम् शान्तिसभा, अलम् ......
(a) कोलाहलेन
(b) कोलाहलात्
(c) कोलाहलाय
(d) कोलाहलात्
Answer: (a) कोलाहलेन
In simple words: "अलम्" (enough/stop) when used with the sense of stopping something, requires the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun it refers to. So, "कोलाहल" (noise) becomes "कोलाहलेन". The sentence means, "This is a peace assembly, enough with the noise."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "अलम्" (enough) when commanding 'desist from' or 'stop', invariably takes the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति). This is a vital rule for its proper usage.

Question 2. ............ नमः।
(a) शिवम्
(b) शिवाय
(c) शिवात
(d) शिवेन
Answer: (b) शिवाय
In simple words: "नमः" (salutation/bow) requires the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person or deity to whom reverence is shown. So, "शिव" (Shiva) becomes "शिवाय". The sentence means, "Salutations to Shiva."

Exam Tip: Consistently remember that "नमः" (salutation) governs the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति). This is a foundational rule in Sanskrit grammar for expressing reverence.

Question 3. .......... परितः अग्निः ज्वलति।
(a) भवनम्
(b) भवनस्य
(c) भवनेन
(d) भ्रमणात्
Answer: (a) भवनम्
In simple words: "परितः" (around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "भवन" (building) becomes "भवनम्". The sentence means, "Fire burns around the building."

Exam Tip: As a strict rule, "परितः" (around) always governs the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Ensure the noun it accompanies is in the correct accusative form, often ending in "म्" for neuter nouns.

Question 4. ............ बहिः वाटिका अस्ति।
(a) गृहात्
(b) गृहस्य
(c) गृहम्
(d) गृहेण
Answer: (a) गृहात्
In simple words: "बहिः" (outside) requires the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies, indicating "from outside." So, "गृह" (house) becomes "गृहात्". The sentence means, "A garden is outside the house."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "बहिः" (outside) reliably takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) to indicate separation or outward position. Look for the "आत्" ending for ablative singular in neuter nouns.

Question 5. पर्यटक ......... गच्छति।
(a) भ्रमणस्य
(b) भ्रमणाय
(c) भ्रमणम् ।
(d) भ्रमणात्
Answer: (b) भ्रमणाय
In simple words: The verb "गच्छति" (goes) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the purpose of going. So, "भ्रमण" (walking/tour) becomes "भ्रमणाय". The sentence means, "The tourist goes for a walk."

Exam Tip: When the purpose of motion is expressed, the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) is often used. For neuter nouns, the dative singular typically ends in "आय".

Question 6. .......... बहिः रक्षकः तिष्ठति।
(a) गृहस्य
(b) गृहात्
(c) गृहम्
(d) गृहेण
Answer: (b) गृहात्
In simple words: "बहिः" (outside) requires the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies, indicating "from outside." So, "गृह" (house) becomes "गृहात्". The sentence means, "A guard stands outside the house."

Exam Tip: Always remember that "बहिः" (outside) consistently takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the place from which something is outside. The "आत्" ending for ablative singular is standard.

Question 7. ......... उभयतः
(a) गुरुणा
(b) गुरोः
(c) गुरुम्
(d) गुरौ
Answer: (c) गुरुम्
In simple words: "उभयतः" (on both sides) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "गुरु" (teacher) becomes "गुरुम्". The phrase implies "on both sides of the teacher."

Exam Tip: Like "परितः" and "अभितः", "उभयतः" (on both sides) strictly governs the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Ensure to use the correct accusative form for 'u'-ending masculine nouns.

Question 8. धनिकः ........... धनं यच्छति।
(a) याचकम्
(b) याचकाय
(c) याचकात्
(d) याचकस्य
Answer: (b) याचकाय
In simple words: The verb "यच्छति" (gives) takes the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the recipient of the gift. So, "याचक" (beggar) becomes "याचकाय". The sentence means, "The rich man gives money to the beggar."

Exam Tip: Verbs of giving or donating consistently require the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the receiver. The "आय" ending is characteristic of dative singular for masculine nouns.

Question 9. सः ............ बिभेति।
(a) सर्पस्य
(b) सर्पत
(c) सर्पम्
(d) सर्पण
Answer: (b) सर्पत
In simple words: The verb "बिभेति" (fears) takes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the source of fear. So, "सर्प" (snake) becomes "सर्पत". The sentence means, "He fears the snake."

Exam Tip: Verbs of fearing or protecting from something are reliably followed by the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the object of fear. The "अत" ending (or "आत्") indicates ablative singular.

Question 10. ........ परितः आम्रवृक्षाः
(a) तडागम्
(b) तडागेन
(c) तडागे
(d) तडागाय
Answer: (a) तडागम्
In simple words: "परितः" (around) requires the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. So, "तडाग" (pond) becomes "तडागम्". The phrase implies "mango trees around the pond."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "परितः" (around) is a strong indicator for the accusative case (द्वितीय विभक्ति). Ensure the noun is in its correct accusative form, typically ending in "म्" for neuter nouns.

Question 11. .......... नमः।
(a) शिवम्
(b) शिवाय
(c) शिवात
(d) शिवस्य
Answer: (b) शिवाय
In simple words: "नमः" (salutation/bow) requires the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person or deity to whom reverence is shown. So, "शिव" (Shiva) becomes "शिवाय". The sentence means, "Salutations to Shiva."

Exam Tip: Always remember that "नमः" (salutation) is a strong indicator for the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) of the noun or pronoun it modifies. This is a very frequent rule.

अधोलिखितेभ्यः शुद्धं पदं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

Question 1. अलम् ........... |
(a) कोलाहलं
(b) कोलाहलेन
(c) कोलाहलात्
(d) कोलाहलस्य
Answer: (b) कोलाहलेन
In simple words: "अलम्" (enough/stop) when used with the sense of stopping something, requires the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति) for the noun it refers to. So, "कोलाहल" (noise) becomes "कोलाहलेन". The sentence means, "Enough with the noise."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable "अलम्" (enough) when used to command 'desist from' or 'stop', invariably takes the instrumental case (तृतीय विभक्ति). This is a vital rule for its proper usage.

Question 6. माता स्निह्यति।
(क) पुत्रे
(ख) पुत्रम्
(ग) पुत्रेण
(घ) पुत्रात्
Answer: (क) पुत्रे
In simple words: The mother shows affection for her son. 'पुत्रे' is the accurate form for 'son' in the locative case, which is needed with the verb 'स्निह्यति' (to show affection).

Exam Tip: Remember that verbs like 'स्निह्यति' (to love/show affection) and 'क्रुध्यति' (to be angry) take the dative or locative case for the object of affection/anger.

Question 7. अध्यापकः........... विश्वसिति ।
(क) छात्रम्
(ख) छात्रे
(ग) छात्रेण
(घ) छात्रात्
Answer: (ख) छात्रे
In simple words: The teacher places belief in the student. 'छात्रे' is the proper locative form for 'student' utilized with 'विश्वसिति' (to trust/believe in).

Exam Tip: Verbs indicating trust or belief, such as 'विश्वसिति', often require the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the object of trust.

Question 8. संसारे....... विना न ज्ञानम्।
(क) गुरुणा
(ख) गुरौ
(ग) गुरोः
(घ) गुरवे
Answer: (क) गुरुणा
In simple words: There is no learning in the world lacking a teacher. 'गुरुणा' is the instrumental form of 'गुरु' (teacher), which is suitable to employ with 'विना' (without) to express "without someone."

Exam Tip: The indeclinable word 'विना' (without) can take the accusative (द्वितीया), instrumental (तृतीया), or ablative (पञ्चमी) case. In this context, instrumental is suitable.

Question 9. रुदतः माता अगच्छत्।
(क) बालकम्
(ख) बालकस्य
(ग) बालकः
(घ) बालकेन
Answer: (ख) बालकस्य
In simple words: The mother approached the crying child. 'रुदतः' is the genitive form, meaning "of the crying one," and 'बालकस्य' is the genitive form of 'बालक' (child), accurately corresponding to 'रुदतः'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the agreement of adjectives or participles (like 'रुदतः') with the noun they modify in terms of case, gender, and number.

Question 10. सः सज्जनः ........ न असूयति।
(क) शत्रवे.
(ख) शत्रुम्
(ग) शत्रोः
(घ) शत्रौ
Answer: (ग) शत्रोः
In simple words: That good person does not feel envy towards his enemy. 'शत्रोः' is the dative case form of 'शत्रु' (enemy), which is mandated by the verb 'असूयति' (to envy or be jealous).

Exam Tip: Verbs signifying envy, jealousy, or anger (like 'असूयति', 'क्रुध्यति') generally take the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person towards whom the emotion is directed.

Question 11. मृगः .......... प्रति धावति।
(क) ग्रामम्
(ख) ग्रामात्
(ग) ग्रामाय
(घ) ग्रामस्य
Answer: (क) ग्रामम्
In simple words: The deer moves towards the village. The word 'प्रति' (towards) always uses the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति), so 'ग्रामम्' is the appropriate choice.

Exam Tip: Remember specific indeclinable words like 'प्रति' (towards), 'विना' (without), 'अभितः' (around both sides), etc., that govern particular cases (उपपद विभक्ति).

Question 12. सा ... कुशला अस्ति।
(क) नृत्यम्
(ख) नृत्ये
(ग) नृत्येण
(घ) नृत्यस्य
Answer: (ख) नृत्ये
In simple words: She is skilled in dancing. The word 'कुशला' (skilled) demands the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) to show the area of skill, so 'नृत्ये' (in dancing) is the proper form.

Exam Tip: Adjectives expressing skill, proficiency, or excellence often govern the locative case to specify the field of expertise.

Question 13. पुत्र ! त्वं मा प्रमद।
(क) परिश्रमात्
(ख) परिश्रमम्
(ग) परिश्रमेण
(घ) परिश्रमाय
Answer: (क) परिश्रमात्
In simple words: Son, do not be careless about effort. The verb 'प्रमद्' (to be careless or neglect) utilizes the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the thing one is careless about. 'परिश्रमात्' is the suitable form.

Exam Tip: Verbs like 'प्रमद्' (to be negligent), 'भी' (to fear), and 'रक्ष्' (to protect) often take the ablative case to show the source of negligence, fear, or from what protection is needed.

Question 14. तस्मात् .......... परः कः वर्तते?
(क) ग्रामात्
(ख) ग्रामम्
(ग) ग्रामेण
(घ) ग्रामाय
Answer: (क) ग्रामात्
In simple words: Who is situated beyond that village? The word 'परः' (beyond/after) here indicates separation or distance from a point, which is shown by the ablative case. 'ग्रामात्' is the ablative form of 'ग्राम' (village).

Exam Tip: Words indicating separation, departure, or "from" a place/thing often take the ablative case. 'तस्मात्' also indicates ablative.

Question 15. संसारे .......... हीन: न सफलतां लभते।
(क) परिश्रमेण
(ख) परिश्रमम्
(ग) परिश्रमात्
(घ) परिश्रमस्य
Answer: (क) परिश्रमेण
In simple words: In this world, a person without effort will not gain success. 'हीनः' (devoid of/lacking) generally employs the instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति) to specify what one is lacking. 'परिश्रमेण' is the appropriate instrumental form.

Exam Tip: When using adjectives that mean 'lacking' or 'full of', the instrumental case is frequently employed to specify the substance or quality.

Question 16. गङ्गा ......... प्रभवति।
(क) हिमालयात्
(ख) हिमालयस्य
(ग) हिमालये
(घ) हिमालय
Answer: (क) हिमालयात्
In simple words: The Ganges emerges from the Himalayas. The verb 'प्रभवति' (to originate from) suggests a source or point of origin, which requires the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति). 'हिमालयात्' is the correct ablative form.

Exam Tip: Verbs indicating origin, starting point, or separation (like 'प्रभवति', 'जायते') typically take the ablative case.

Question 17. धिक् ........ यः सीताम् अहरत्।
(क) रावणम्
(ख) रावणेन
(ग) रावणाय
(घ) रावणः
Answer: (क) रावणम्
In simple words: Shame on Ravana, who abducted Sita. The indeclinable word 'धिक्' (shame on) consistently demands the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the person being condemned. 'रावणम्' is the correct accusative form.

Exam Tip: Words expressing reproach or condemnation, such as 'धिक्', frequently govern the accusative case.

Question 18. अध्यापकः कुप्यति।
(क) छात्राय
(ख) छात्रम्
(ग) छात्रेण
(घ) छात्रस्य
Answer: (क) छात्राय
In simple words: The teacher is upset with the student. The verb 'कुप्यति' (to be angry) receives the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person towards whom anger is directed. 'छात्राय' is the correct dative form.

Exam Tip: Verbs signifying anger, jealousy, or displeasure (like 'कुप्यति', 'क्रुध्यति', 'असूयति') generally take the dative case for the recipient of the emotion.

Question 19. अलम् अति............
(क) वदनात्
(ख) वदनेन
(ग) वदनाय
(घ) वदनम्
Answer: (ख) वदनेन
In simple words: Enough of too much talking! The indeclinable 'अलम्' (enough/stop) when signifying 'stopping something' employs the instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति). 'वदनेन' is the proper instrumental form of 'वदन' (speaking/talking).

Exam Tip: The word 'अलम्' has different case requirements based on its meaning: dative for 'sufficient for' and instrumental for 'stop/enough of'.

Question 20. अध्यापकः ..... प्रति अकथयत्।
(क) देवम
(ख) देवेन
(ग) देवाय
(घ) देवात्
Answer: (क) देवम
In simple words: The teacher spoke to the god. The indeclinable 'प्रति' (to/towards) generally requires the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the person or thing it is directed towards. 'देवम्' is the accurate accusative form.

Exam Tip: Be careful with 'प्रति'; it consistently requires the accusative case. This rule is a fundamental aspect of 'उपपद विभक्ति' usage.

Question 21. त्वं ............. प्रयोजनेन तत्र गमिष्यसि?
(क) केन
(ख) कस्मै
(ग) कस्मात्
(घ) कस्य
Answer: (क) केन
In simple words: With what purpose will you go there? 'प्रयोजनेन' is in the instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति), meaning "by/with purpose." Therefore, the interrogative pronoun needs to be in the instrumental case, which is 'केन' (by/with what).

Exam Tip: Interrogative pronouns must agree with the noun they refer to in case, gender, and number. Here, 'केन' matches 'प्रयोजनेन'.

Question 22. अलम् वृथाः |
(क) रोदनेन
(ख) रोदनात्
(ग) रोदनाय
(घ) रोदनात्
Answer: (क) रोदनेन
In simple words: Enough of pointless crying! The word 'अलम्' (enough/stop) indicating cessation receives the instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति). 'रोदनेन' is the suitable instrumental form of 'रोदन' (crying).

Exam Tip: When 'अलम्' is used with the meaning "stop" or "enough of," it is always followed by a word in the instrumental case. Contrast this with 'अलम्' meaning 'sufficient for', which takes dative.

Question 23. मल्लोऽयम् तस्मै ......... अलम्।
(क) मल्लम्
(ख) मल्लाय
(ग) मल्लात्
(घ) मल्लेन
Answer: (ख) मल्लाय
In simple words: This wrestler is enough for that wrestler. When 'अलम्' means "sufficient for" or "capable of," it requires the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the entity it is sufficient for. 'मल्लाय' is the proper dative form.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the two uses of 'अलम्': with instrumental for stopping an action, and with dative for indicating sufficiency or capability.

Question 24. तं ............ समया सुन्दरम् उद्यानं वर्तते।
(क) विद्यालयात्
(ख) विद्यालयम्
(ग) विद्यालयस्य
(घ) विद्यालरं
Answer: (ख) विद्यालयम्
In simple words: Near that school, there is a beautiful garden. The indeclinable word 'समया' (near/at the same time) receives the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the noun it modifies. 'विद्यालयम्' is the correct accusative form of 'विद्यालय' (school).

Exam Tip: Adverbs of proximity like 'निकषा' (near), 'समया' (near/at the same time), and 'अभितः' (on both sides) always govern the accusative case.

Question 25. बाल: निकषा गच्छति।
(क) मातुः
(ख) मातरम्
(ग) माता
(घ) मात्र
Answer: (ख) मातरम्
In simple words: The child walks near the mother. The indeclinable word 'निकषा' (near) requires the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the object it relates to. 'मातरम्' is the appropriate accusative form of 'मातृ' (mother).

Exam Tip: Words like 'निकषा', 'समया', 'प्रति' are strong indicators of the accusative case. Practice recognizing these 'उपपद विभक्ति' triggers.

Question 26. ........... दक्षिणतः देवालयः वर्तते।
(क) नगरस्य
(ख) नगरम्
(ग) नगरेण
(घ) नगरे
Answer: (क) नगरस्य
In simple words: On the south side of the city, there is a temple. The indeclinable word 'दक्षिणतः' (to the south of) demands the genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्ति) for the noun it qualifies. 'नगरस्य' is the proper genitive form of 'नगर' (city).

Exam Tip: Adverbs of direction or position relative to something, such as 'दक्षिणतः', 'पुरतः' (in front of), 'पृष्ठतः' (behind), 'वामतः' (to the left of), often govern the genitive case.

Question 27. वनं गते दशरथः मृतः।
(क) रामस्य
(ख) रामे
(ग) रामम्
(घ) रामेण
Answer: (ख) रामे
In simple words: When Rama departed for the forest, Dasharatha died. The phrase 'वनं गते' uses the locative absolute construction, where 'गते' (having gone) is in the locative. Thus, the subject of this action, 'राम', also obtains the locative case, becoming 'रामे'.

Exam Tip: The locative absolute construction (सति सप्तमी) is used to express an accompanying circumstance or time, where both the noun and its participle are in the locative case.

Question 28. कुत्र.......... विना जीवनम्?
(क) वायुन
(ख) वायोर
(ग) वायवे
(घ) वायौ
Answer: (क) वायुन
In simple words: Where is life possible without air? The indeclinable 'विना' (without) can utilize instrumental, accusative, or ablative cases. Here, 'वा्युन' is the instrumental form of 'वायु' (air), which suits the context of "without air."

Exam Tip: Remember that 'विना' can accept multiple cases (द्वितीया, तृतीया, पञ्चमी). Choose the one that fits best grammatically or is most commonly used in similar constructions.

Question 29. अद्य सः ..... अनन्तरम् आगच्छत्।
(क) भोजनात्
(ख) भोजनस्य
(ग) भोजनाय
(घ) भोजनम्
Answer: (क) भोजनात्
In simple words: Today he arrived after eating. The word 'अनन्तरम्' (after) usually needs the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the action or thing it follows. 'भोजनात्' is the proper ablative form of 'भोजन' (eating/meal).

Exam Tip: Indeclinable words like 'अनन्तरम्' (after) and 'पूर्वम्' (before) often trigger the ablative or genitive case, depending on the precise nuance of 'from' or 'of'.

Question 30. सम्प्रति ....... हीनः न शोभते।
(क) धनात्
(ख) धनेन
(ग) धनाय
(घ) धनस्य
Answer: (ख) धनेन
In simple words: Nowadays, a person without wealth does not stand out. The adjective 'हीनः' (devoid of/lacking) demands the instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति) to show what is missing. 'धनेन' is the appropriate instrumental form of 'धन' (wealth).

Exam Tip: When using adjectives that mean 'lacking' or 'full of', the instrumental case is frequently employed to specify the substance or quality.

Question 31. बालकः अलम्।
(क) बालकम्
(ख) बालकाय
(ग) बालक:
(घ) बालकात्
Answer: (ख) बालकाय
In simple words: The child is sufficient. Here, 'अलम्' means 'sufficient for'. In such cases, it accepts the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) for the person or thing it is sufficient for. 'बालकाय' is the correct dative form for 'बालक' (child).

Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between 'अलम्' meaning 'stop' (instrumental case) and 'अलम्' meaning 'sufficient/capable' (dative case).

Question 32. त्वम् ........ मा प्रमद।
(क) विद्यायाः
(ख) विद्याम्
(ग) विद्यया
(घ) विद्यायै
Answer: (क) विद्यायाः
In simple words: You, do not be careless about knowledge. The verb 'प्रमद्' (to be careless or neglect) employs the ablative case (पञ्चमी विभक्ति) for the thing one is careless about. 'विद्यायाः' is the proper ablative form of 'विद्या' (knowledge).

Exam Tip: Be mindful of verbs like 'प्रमद्' that imply a sense of separation or detachment from something, requiring the ablative case.

Question 33. सा अनुरक्ता अस्ति।
(क) माम्
(ख) मयि
(ग) मम
(घ) मह्यम्
Answer: (ख) मयि
In simple words: She is devoted to me. The adjective 'अनुरक्ता' (devoted/attached) typically uses the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) to designate the object of devotion. 'मयि' is the correct locative form of 'अस्मद्' (I/me).

Exam Tip: Adjectives showing attachment, devotion, or love typically govern the locative case for the object of that feeling.

Question 34. सा बालिका .... तत्र वसति ।
(क) विद्याम्
(ख) विद्यायै
(ग) विद्याम्
(घ) विद्यायाम्
Answer: (ख) विद्यायै
In simple words: That girl lives there for learning. The verb 'वसति' (to live) with the implied purpose "for learning" would require the dative case. 'विद्यायै' is the proper dative form of 'विद्या' (knowledge/learning).

Exam Tip: When an action is done 'for' a specific purpose, the dative case (चतुर्थी विभक्ति) is often used to express that goal.

Question 35. विना न जीवनम
(क) विद्यायाः
(ख) विद्यायै
(ग) विद्यया
(घ) विद्यया
Answer: (ग) विद्यया
In simple words: There is no existence without knowledge. The indeclinable 'विना' (without) can accept the instrumental, accusative, or ablative cases. 'विद्यया' is the instrumental form of 'विद्या' (knowledge), which appropriately means "without knowledge."

Exam Tip: When 'विना' is used, remember the flexibility in case choice (द्वितीया, तृतीया, पञ्चमी) and select the most fitting one based on context.

Question 36. त्वं ......... निकषा गच्छसि?
(क) कस्य
(ख) कम्
(ग) किम्
(घ) केन
Answer: (ख) कम्
In simple words: Towards whom are you approaching near? The indeclinable 'निकषा' (near) consistently demands the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the person or thing it relates to. 'कम्' is the correct accusative form of the interrogative pronoun 'किम्' (who/what).

Exam Tip: Words of proximity like 'निकषा' (near), 'समया' (near), 'प्रति' (towards) consistently govern the accusative case.

Question 37. ............ विना जीवानां जीवनम् वृथा अस्ति।
(क) जलस्य
(ख) जलम्
(ग) जलेन
(घ) जलाय
Answer: (ख) जलम्
In simple words: Without water, the life of living beings is pointless. The indeclinable 'विना' (without) can use the accusative, instrumental, or ablative cases. 'जलम्' is the accusative form of 'जल' (water), which is a valid choice here.

Exam Tip: While 'विना' offers flexibility, the accusative case is often a direct and simple choice when expressing "without" something.

Question 38. धिक् तान्...........
(क) राक्षसाः
(ख) राक्षसान्
(ग) राक्षसेभ्यः
(घ) राक्षसैः
Answer: (ख) राक्षसान्
In simple words: Shame on those demons! The indeclinable 'धिक्' (shame on) consistently demands the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the entity being condemned. 'राक्षसान्' is the correct accusative plural form of 'राक्षस' (demon).

Exam Tip: Remember 'धिक्' is a strong indicator for the accusative case. It directly points to the object of scorn.

Question 39. अध्यापकः .......... स्निह्यति।
(क) छात्राय
(ख) छात्रे
(ग) छात्रेण
(घ) छात्रम्
Answer: (ख) छात्रे
In simple words: The teacher expresses fondness for the student. The verb 'स्निह्यति' (to show affection) commonly uses the locative case (सप्तमी विभक्ति) for the person who is loved. 'छात्रे' is the appropriate locative form of 'छात्र' (student).

Exam Tip: Verbs expressing love, affection, or attachment often govern the locative case to indicate the object of the feeling.

Question 40. धिक एतान..............
(क) जाल्मेभ्यः
(ख) जाल्मान्
(ग) जाल्मैः
(घ) जाल्मानाम्
Answer: (ख) जाल्मान्
In simple words: Shame on these wicked ones! The indeclinable 'धिक्' (shame on) always employs the accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति) for the person or group being condemned. 'जाल्मान्' is the accurate accusative plural form of 'जाल्म' (wicked person).

Exam Tip: Reinforce the rule: 'धिक्' universally demands the accusative case for the object of its condemnation.

Question 41. अलम् अनेन............
(क) कथनम्
(ख) कथनेन
(ग) कथनाय
(घ) कथने
Answer: (ख) कथनेन
In simple words: Enough of this talking! The indeclinable 'अलम्' (enough/stop) when signifying cessation receives the instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति). 'कथनेन' is the appropriate instrumental form of 'कथन' (talking/speaking).

Exam Tip: When 'अलम्' implies "stop" or "no more," it will always be followed by a word in the instrumental case.

Question 42. त्वम् अधुना विना कथं पठिष्यसि?
(क) पुस्तकस्य
(ख) पुस्तकम्
(ग) पुस्तके
(घ) पुस्तकाय
Answer: (ख) पुस्तकम्
In simple words: How will you read now without a book? The indeclinable 'विना' (without) can utilize the accusative, instrumental, or ablative cases. 'पुस्तकम्' is the accusative form of 'पुस्तक' (book), which is a proper choice here.

Exam Tip: 'विना' is flexible in case usage, but accusative is a common and direct way to express "without" a specific object.