GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit अभ्यास 2 विशेषण प्रयोग-परिचयः Solutions

Question 1. समुचितेन रूपेण रिक्तस्थानानां पूर्तिः करण एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन

Exam Tip: Understanding the declensions of pronouns and adjectives is crucial for constructing correct Sanskrit sentences. Practice these forms regularly.

Question 2. कोष्ठगतशब्दस्य योग्यं रूपं प्रयुज्य रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत।
1. विघ्नेभ्यः जनाः रक्षिताः भवन्ति। (कठिन)
2. सुरापानं ........." वर्तते। (विघ्नरूप)
3. ..........." समयः सञ्जातः।
4. जलम् ........." अस्ति रोटिका च "........" अस्ति। (उष्ण)
5. मत्स्यः ............. जले प्रवष्टिः।
Answer:
1. कठिनेभ्यः विघ्नेभ्यः जनाः रखिताः भवन्ति।
2. सुरापानं विघ्नरूपं वर्तते।
3. प्रलम्बः समयः सञ्जातः।
4. जलम् उष्णम् अस्ति रोटिका च उष्णा अस्ति।
5. मत्स्यः गभीरे जले प्रविष्टः।
In simple words: Use the appropriate form of the word given in brackets to fill in the blanks in each sentence. This requires knowledge of Sanskrit grammar rules.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the gender, number, and case of the noun in the sentence to choose the correct adjective form. Practice with different word types.

Question 3. सङ्ख्याचाचकेन विशेषणेन रिक्तस्थानानां पूर्तिः करणीयाः।
1. ..... श्रेष्ठिपुत्रः वसति । (एक)
2. कूपे.............. कन्या दृष्टाः। (एक)
3. विघ्नाः भवति। (चतुर्)
4. संस्कृतभाषायां ........." वचनानि सन्ति। (त्रि) (एक)
5. वर्गखण्डे " " छात्राः पठन्ति । (पञ्चविंशति ।
Answer:
1. एकः श्रेष्ठिपुत्रः वसति ।
2. कूपे एका कन्या दृष्टा।
3. चत्वारः विघ्नाः भवन्ति।
4. संस्कृतभाषाया त्रीणि वचनानि सन्ति।
5. वर्गखण्डे पञ्चविंशति छात्राः पठन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in the blanks with the correct numeral adjective, making sure it matches the noun's gender and number.

Exam Tip: Remember that Sanskrit numerals change their forms based on gender, number, and case. Learn the different declensions for common numbers like one, two, three, and four, and the general rules for others.

Question 4. कोष्ठगतशब्दस्य उचितरूपेण रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत्।
1. जलाशयं दृष्ट्ा धीवरेः उक्तम्। (तत्)
2. तत्कथं ......... भार्याम् अहं विन्देयमिति। (गुणवती)
3... शालीन् प्रथमम् आतपे तप्तवती। (तत्)
4. मानवाः सुखिनः भवन्तु। (सर्व)
5. ...... पात्राणि अपि तत्र स्थापितवान्। (नूतन)
Answer:
1. तम् जलाशयं दृष्ट्ा धीवरेः उक्तम्।
2. तत्कथं गुणवतीम् भार्याम् अहं विन्देयमिति।
3. तान् शालीन् प्रथमम् आतपे तप्तवती।
4. सर्वे मानवाः सुखिनः भवन्तु।
5. नूतनानि पात्राणि अपि तत्र स्थापितवान्।
In simple words: Fill in the blanks using the proper form of the word provided in brackets. Ensure the form matches the grammatical context of the sentence.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the gender, number, and case of the noun that the adjective modifies. This determines the correct form of the adjective to use.

Question 5. कोष्ठगतं विशेषणं वाक्ये योग्यरीत्या प्रयोजयत।
1. जाया पत्ये ........... वाचं वदतु। (मधुमती)
2. दुष्टानां विद्या............ भवति। (भाररूप)
3. ............. पुस्तकानि तत्र सन्ति। (सर्व)
4. इदं जलं ........... । (सगर)
5. एषा ........... स्थितिः सञ्जाता। (मदीय)
Answer:
1. जाया पत्ये मधुमतीं वाचं वदतु।
2. दुष्टानां विद्या भाररूपा भवति।
3. सर्वाणि पुस्तकानि तत्र सन्ति।
4. इदं जलं सगरम्।
5. एषा मदीया स्थितिः सञ्जाता।
In simple words: Use the given adjective in its correct form to complete each sentence. The adjective must agree with the noun it describes.

Exam Tip: Always remember that adjectives must agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. Carefully analyze the noun to select the appropriate adjective form.

GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit विशेषण प्रयोग-परिचयः Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1. रिक्तस्थाने विशेष्यानुसार योग्यं कोष्ठगत विशेषण पदं लिखत।
1. भ्रमरस्य वर्णः ............" भवति। (काला)
2. ग्रहाः भवन्ति। (नौ)
3. भ्रमरस्य "...." चरणाः भवन्ति। (छ:)
4. दुर्गायाः हस्ताः भवन्ति। (च)
5. दशनानस्य ". ....." मुखानि आसन्। (दस)
6. मनुष्यस्य “. ." हस्तौ ".... ." च चरणौ भवतः । (दो, दो)
7. देवदत्तः यज्ञदत्तात ". ."अस्ति । (चालाक)
8. देवता: ". ." स्थानेषु निवसन्ति। (पवित्र)
9. रामः लक्ष्मणात् “. .” आसीत्। (श्रेष्ठ)
10. भारतस्य ". ."नाम आर्यावर्तः अस्ति। (पूराना)
11. वैदिक धर्मः विश्वे ". ." धर्मः अस्ति। (सर्वोत्तम)
12. ". .". ." देशे ". ." उत्सवाः भवति। (हमारे, अनेक)
13. अद्य वाटिकायाम् “. .” पुष्पाणि विकसन्ति। (सुन्दर)
14. सन्तोषस्य फलं “. .” भवति। (मीठा)
15. वृक्षेषु" ". ..” पत्राणि आगमिष्यन्ति। (नव)
16.............. धनं जीवनं च मातृभूम्यै अस्ति। (मेरा)
17. हिमालयात् भारतस्य “. .." नद्यः उत्पन्नाः भवन्ति। (प्रसिद्ध)
18. गङ्गातीरे ". ." गुरुः शिष्येण सह वर्तमानः आसीत। (एक)
19. ". .” यवहारः भाररूपणे भवति। (सामाजिक)
20. ". ." कार्यम् अस्ति दुःखानुभूति। (पहला)
21. पुरा कस्मिंश्चिद् ग्रामे एका ". " 'वृद्धा स्त्री न्यवसत्। (गरीब)
22. ". ..." उपानही त्रुटितौ। (मेरा)
23. गणतंत्र दिवसे राष्ट्रपतिना ". I "" पुरुषाः “ " स्त्रियश्च सम्मानिताः। (विद्वान, विदुषी)
24. श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतायाम् ". ." श्लोकाः च सन्ति। (अट्ठारह, सात सौ)
Answer:
1. भ्रमरस्य कृष्णः वर्णः भवति।
2. ग्रहाः नव भवन्ति।
3. भ्रमरस्य षट् चरणाः भवन्ति।
4. दुर्गायाः चत्वार हस्ताः भवन्ति।
5. दशनानस्य दश मुखानि आसन्।
6. मनुष्यस्य द्वौ हस्तौ द्वौ च चरणौ भवतः।
7. देवदत्तः यज्ञदत्तात् चतुरतरः अस्ति।
8. देवताः पवित्रेषु स्थानेषु निवसन्ति।
9. रामः लक्ष्मणात् श्रेष्ठतरः आसीत्।
10. भारतस्य प्राचीनं नाम आर्यावर्तः अस्ति।
11. वैदिक धर्मः विश्वे सर्वोत्तम धर्मः अस्ति।
12. अस्माकं देशे अनेके उत्सवाः भवति।
13. अद्य वाटिकायाम् सुन्दराणि पुष्पाणि विकसन्ति।
14. सन्तोषस्य फलं मधुरम् भवति।
15. वृक्षेषु नवीनानि पत्राणि आगमिष्यन्ति।
16. मम धनं जीवनं च मातृभूम्यै अस्ति।
17. हिमालयात् भारतस्य प्रसिद्धाः नद्यः उत्पन्नाः भवन्ति।
18. गङ्गातीरे एकः गुरुः शिष्येण सह वर्तमानः आसीत।
19. सामाजिको व्यवहारः भाररूपणे भवति।
20. प्रथमम् कार्यम् अस्ति दुःखानुभूति।
22. मम उपानही त्रुटितौ।
23. गणतंत्र दिवसे राष्ट्रपतिना विद्वासः पुरुषाः विदुष्यः स्त्रियश्च सम्मानिताः।
24. श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतायाम् अष्टादश अध्यायाः सप्तशते श्लोकाः च सन्ति।
In simple words: Fill in the blank using the correct adjective form that matches the noun in gender, number, and case. This exercise reinforces the proper usage of adjectives in Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks with adjectives, carefully identify the noun being modified and determine its gender, number, and case. Then, apply the correct declension rule to the adjective provided in the bracket.

Question 2. 'क' स्तम्भे विशेषणानि 'ख' स्तम्भे च विशेष्याणि दत्तानि। तानि समुचितं योजयत्
'क'
1. शुद्धम्
2. शतम्
3. कायिकम्
4. द्वाविंशतितमे
5. सम्पन्नम्
6. विविधानाम्
7. परिशुद्धायाम्
8. फलच्छायासमन्वितः
9. उचितः
10. उपशमशून्येन
'ख'
(क) पदानि
(ख) वर्षे
(ग) पदार्थानाम्
(घ) भूमौ
(ङ) महावृक्षः
(च) उपचारः
(छ) चेतसा
(ज) आहारम्
(झ) सुखम्
(ञ) जलम्
Answer:
(1) - (ञ) जलम्
(2) - (क) पदानि
(3) - (झ) सुखम्
(4) - (ख) वर्षे
(5) - (ज) आहारम्
(6) - (ग) पदार्थानाम्
(7) - (घ) भूमौ
(8) - (ङ) महावृक्षः
(9) - (च) उपचारः
(10) - (छ) चेतसा
In simple words: Match the adjectives in column 'क' with their appropriate nouns in column 'ख'. This helps to understand which adjectives naturally go with which nouns in Sanskrit.

Exam Tip: When matching adjectives and nouns, consider their meanings and grammatical agreement (gender, number, case). Adjectives describe nouns, so they must make logical sense together.

पुनरावर्तन और क्रियापद-परिचयः Read the following sentences:

1. नगरे एकः धार्मिकः विनम्रः श्रेष्ठिपुत्रः प्रतिवसति।
(In the city the son of a religious humble rich person lives.)

2. समायां परिशुद्धायां भूमौ तान् तप्तवती।
(She heated them on the leveled clean land.)

3. ततः स्नानशुद्धाय तस्मै अतिथये सा भोजनं दत्तवती।
(After that she gave food to that guest clean by bathing.)

The underlined words which are in the first sentence are recognized as adjective words. When adjective words are used, there has to be a noun, defined by adjectives, i.e., in the sentence. As in the first sentence, एकः धार्मिकः विनम्रः there are three adjectives and for this adjective. विशेष्य पद (noun defined by an adjective) is श्रेष्ठिपुत्रः. In the same way in the second sentence, समायां परिशुद्धायां are two adjectives and भूमौ is a noun (विशेष्य पद), while in the third sentence, स्नानशुद्धाय तस्मै are two adjectives and अतिथये is a noun (विशेष्य पद).

What is Adjective?
While explaining adjectives, it is said that the adjective is what differentiates (and a faster means which is worth differentiating, which is to be differentiated is विशेष्य, i.e., noun). For example, पुष्पम Flower. While pronouncing the word "flower", we get knowledge of all the flowers in the world. But if we say रक्तः पुष्पम – Red flower, and the word 'red' is added, then from all flowers of the world, other flowers get set aside, and the knowledge of only red flowers will be there.

Thus, the meaning of all flowers which we derived from the word flower has been differentiating by the word 'red', and so that is recognized as an adjective of the flower. This way it is seen when some noun word is called, it gives the meaning of the whole. Now if the meaning of the whole is not intended, then to differentiate the meaning from the wholesome other noun word is to be used. The noun word used for making such a difference is called an adjective.

There are many trees in the garden. If only one noun- वृक्ष: (tree) is pronounced, then we understand any tree from all the trees inside the garden. But if one additional noun like big (महात महान) is used with this tree, then an understanding of any one big tree from all the big trees inside the garden will be there. After that, if the third noun like fruit-laden is added along with the two nouns-big tree, then only the fruit-laden big tree from all the big trees inside the garden will be understood.

Going a little further if we use the fourth additional noun like broken (भगन:) then only a broken, fruitful, big tree will be understood. Thus, from the noun word 'tree', we derive the large meaning of the tree of the whole world, and we make a difference by adding three additional words महान्, फलवान्, and भग्नः (big, fruit-laden, and broken). So these three words are recognized as adjectives.

Sometimes the use of an adjective word is also made for the extension of a sentence. वेद पंडित: This is a primary sort of sentence. There are totally three words in this subject, an object, and a verb. Out of these, the subject and object are two nouns, and both are विशेष्य.

Now, with these two as and when adjective words will be added, the extension of the sentence will go on. Just as-धीरः रामः धर्मग्रन्थं वेदं पठति । Here रामः and वेद are विशेष्य, and with these two, each one additional noun word is used, and they are adjectives. Because these adjectives extend the sentence of two words to a sentence of five words. In the same way, if more adjectives are used with विशेष्य, this sentence can become larger as- सूर्यवंशीयः कौशल्यानन्दनः राघवः विनीतः रामः प्राचीनतमं सुप्रसिद्ध धर्मग्रन्थं वेदं पठति। (Born in Suryavamsha, Kaushalya's son, humble, Rama of Raghukula reads very ancient, famous, religious book Veda).

Thus, it will be understood that adjectives extend the sentence. However, the use of adjectives becomes necessary to imply some sure meanings or for the extension of the sentence. While using adjectives, this matter has to be taken into consideration, especially that whatever the gender, person, and case are used in the विशेष्य., the same gender, number, and case are used for the adjective.

Hence, if in any विशेष्य वेदं masculine gender, first case, and a plural number have been used, then its adjective also has to be used in the masculine gender, first case, and plural.

पुनरावर्तन और क्रियापद-परिचयः Read the following sentences:

1. बालकः प्रात:काले मधुरं दुग्धं पिबति।
2. अस्मिन् वर्षे मधुरा द्राक्षा मिलति।
3. विगते सोमवासरे वयं मधुराणि आम्राणि अखादाम्।

In the above three sentences, the adjective like मधुर is used. When it is used with the विशेष्य-दुग्धम् (neuter gender, first case, and singular), then it is used in the form of मधुरम् in the neuter gender, first case, and singular. In the second sentence, it is used with the विशेष्य – द्राक्षा (feminine gender, first case, and singular), then the form of मधुर in the feminine gender, first case, and singular is used. In the same way, in the third sentence with आम्रनी (neuter gender, second case, and plural) विशेष्य, the form of मधुरानी (neuter gender, second case, and plural) as an adjective is used.

Thus, all the adjectives are used according to the gender, case, and person of the विशेष्य पढ़ा. Some special information regarding faster and fallout (Substantive and Adjective).

Numerical words are also adjectives. They form एक, दी, त्री, and चतुर, and all these four words are used changing their gender according to the विशेष्य, in all the three genders-masculine, feminine, and neuter. But after that, forms of the words from पञ्चा to अष्टादसा are singular in all the three genders. All the words from एकोनविंशतिः to नवनवतिः are used in the feminine gender and शतम्, सहस्रम्, etc., in the neuter gender. (Here it is important to remember that the forms of 'a' are in all the three persons, but forms of 'दी' are in dual only, and those of 'त्री', 'चतुर', 'पञ्चा', etc., are in plural only.)

The nouns which are used as adjectives of the verb are to be used mostly in the neuter gender, second case, and singular, as, the सुन्दरं लिखति। मन्दं गायति। मधुरं वदति। सत्वरं गच्छति। In these sentences, nouns like सुन्दर, etc., are used as the adjective of the verb. They all are used in the neuter gender, second case, and singular.

पुनरावर्तन और क्रियापद-परिचयः Forms of Pronouns

युस्मद् You (Forms in all the three genders are similar)

तद् He (Masculine)

तद् She (Feminine)

तद् It (Neuter)

(Note: The forms from the third case to the seventh case of neuter gender of तद् are the same as those of तद् masculine gender that you have learnt. The forms of यद् are also accordingly.)

यद् Who (Masculine)

कीम् What (Who) (Feminine)

कीम् What, Which (Neuter)

इदम् This (Masculine)

इदम् This (Feminine)

इदम् This (Neuter)

सर्व All (Masculine)

सर्व All (Feminine)

सर्व All (Neuter)