GSEB Class 10 Gujarati Textbook Solutions Chapter 24 ઘોડીની સ્વામીભક્તિ (First Language)

Question. ખાટું – મોળું થઈ જવું
Answer: બગડી જવું, ફરક પડવો.
In simple words: To spoil or change for the worse, to make a difference.

Exam Tip: This phrase is used when something takes an unfavorable turn, indicating a deterioration in quality or situation.

Question. ઉપાધિનો પાર કરાવી મૂકવું
Answer: મુશ્કેલીમાં આવી પડવું.
In simple words: To get into a difficult or troublesome situation.

Exam Tip: This idiom conveys the experience of facing extreme hardship or being overwhelmed by problems.

Question. મોળું ઓહાણ આલવું
Answer: કમજોર કરવો.
In simple words: To make someone feel weak or less capable.

Exam Tip: This phrase indicates actions that undermine someone's confidence or strength, leading to a feeling of weakness.

Question. ગજર ભાંગવો
Answer: (અહીં) સમય પૂરો થવો.
In simple words: (Here) The time allotted for something has ended.

Exam Tip: This idiom specifically refers to the completion of a period or deadline, often in a context where time is running out.

Question. બાથમાં ઘાલવું
Answer: ભેટવું, આલિંગન આપવું.
In simple words: To embrace or hug someone tightly.

Exam Tip: This idiom emphasizes a gesture of affection or comfort, indicating a close physical embrace.

Question. ધોડીને રમતી કરવી
Answer: ધોડીને દોડતી કરવી.
In simple words: To make the mare run, to start her galloping.

Exam Tip: This phrase refers to encouraging or causing a horse to move at a fast pace, such as a trot or gallop.

Question. મૂંઝવણના વમળમાં ફસાવું
Answer: મૂંઝવણથી ઘેરાઈ જવું.
In simple words: To be caught in a whirlpool of confusion or dilemma.

Exam Tip: This idiom describes a state of deep perplexity, where a person feels overwhelmed and unable to find a solution.

Question. કાહરી ન ફાવવી
Answer: કરામત કે કુશળતા વ્યર્થ જવી, નાઇલાજ થઈ જવું.
In simple words: For one's trick or skill to be useless, to become helpless.

Exam Tip: This phrase implies a situation where despite one's abilities, efforts prove futile, leading to a feeling of powerlessness.

Question. સાંબેલાની ધારે માથે મંડાવો
Answer: સાંબેલાની ધાર જેવો જાડી ધારે પુષ્કળ વરસાદ પડવો.
In simple words: For heavy rain to fall continuously, like the thick edge of a pestle.

Exam Tip: This vivid idiom emphasizes the intensity and volume of rainfall, comparing it to a very thick, continuous flow.

Question. કળી જવું
Answer: સમજાઈ જવું.
In simple words: To understand or realize something suddenly.

Exam Tip: This idiom refers to a moment of insight or comprehension, where a truth becomes clear to someone.

Question. જીવની જેમ જતન કરવું
Answer: વહાલથી કે મનથી સંભાળ લેવી.
In simple words: To care for something dearly, as if it were one's own life.

Exam Tip: This idiom highlights an extremely high level of care and affection, often reserved for things or people that are very precious.

Question. દીએ નો વધે એટલી રાતે વધે ને રાતે નો વધે એટલી દીએ વધે
Answer: ખૂબ ઝડપથી મોટા થવું.
In simple words: To grow extremely fast, gaining as much in a day as not in a night, and vice versa.

Exam Tip: This hyperbolic idiom emphasizes extraordinarily rapid growth, suggesting development that surpasses normal expectations.

Question. પેટ દેવું
Answer: મનની વાત કહેવી.
In simple words: To reveal one's inner thoughts or feelings.

Exam Tip: This idiom means to confide in someone, sharing personal matters that are usually kept secret.

Question. લીલાલહેર કરવી
Answer: મોજમજા કરવી.
In simple words: To live a life of pleasure and enjoyment.

Exam Tip: This phrase describes indulging in festivities and leisure, indicating a carefree and joyful existence.

Question. મનનો ભાર હળવો કરવો
Answer: ચિંતા દૂર કરવી.
In simple words: To relieve one's mental burden or worries.

Exam Tip: This idiom refers to easing emotional stress, often by sharing problems or finding a solution that brings peace of mind.

Question. એકના બે ન થવું
Answer: વાત પર મક્કમ રહેવું.
In simple words: To remain firm on one's word or decision, not to change.

Exam Tip: This phrase indicates unwavering resolve and steadfastness in upholding one's statements or commitments.

Question. છોકરમત કરવી
Answer: બાળક જેવી હઠ પકડવી.
In simple words: To behave childishly or stubbornly.

Exam Tip: This idiom describes acting immaturely, like a child, often by being unreasonably insistent on something.

Question. બોર આંસુ સરી પડવાં
Answer: બોર જેવડાં આંસુ સરી પડવાં, પુષ્કળ રડવું.
In simple words: For large, berry-sized tears to fall, indicating heavy crying.

Exam Tip: This idiom is a poetic way to describe intense weeping, emphasizing the size and volume of tears shed.

Question. જીવતરનાં દાન દેવાં
Answer: કુરબાન થઈ જવું.
In simple words: To make a great sacrifice, often giving up one's life.

Exam Tip: This phrase signifies the ultimate act of selflessness, where one offers their existence for the benefit of others.

Question. બે ઘોડે વાટ જોવી
Answer: આતુરતાથી રાહ જોવી.
In simple words: To wait eagerly and with great anticipation.

Exam Tip: This idiom emphasizes a state of intense eagerness and impatience while waiting for something to happen.

Question. તાકાતેય કેટલી કરે?
Answer: જોર પણ કેટલું કરે?
In simple words: How much strength can one apply? This implies a limit to one's power.

Exam Tip: This rhetorical question highlights the idea that there's a natural limit to how much effort or force can be exerted, emphasizing a sense of powerlessness.

Question. સાંબેલું
Answer: ખાંડવાનું એક સાધન.
In simple words: A pestle, a tool used for pounding or grinding.

Exam Tip: When defining traditional tools, provide a simple function and context to help with understanding.

Question. પાણીના લોહ
Answer: પાણીનાં લાટ જેવાં મોજાં.
In simple words: Waves of water that resemble thick sheets.

Exam Tip: This descriptive phrase evokes an image of powerful, heavy waves, often seen during strong currents or floods.

Question. મૂંઝવણ
Answer: અકળામણ, ગભરાટ, ઉચાટ, વમળ વહેતાં પાણીમાં થતું કુંડાળું, ભમરી.
In simple words: Feeling frustrated, anxious, or uneasy, like a whirlpool in moving water.

Exam Tip: This term describes a state of mental distress and confusion, often accompanied by physical unease, similar to being caught in a swirling current.

Question. ફસાવું
Answer: સપડાવું.
In simple words: To get trapped or caught in a difficult situation.

Exam Tip: This verb describes entering a predicament from which it is hard to escape, often against one's will.

Question. છોકરમત
Answer: બાળક જેવી હઠ.
In simple words: Childish stubbornness or antics.

Exam Tip: This term refers to immature and often unreasonable behavior, typical of a child's persistence.

Question. સઘળી
Answer: સંપૂર્ણ, બધી.
In simple words: All, complete, total.

Exam Tip: This adjective emphasizes completeness, meaning the entirety of something without anything left out.

Question. વીતકકથા
Answer: વીતેલા સંકટની વાત.
In simple words: A story about past troubles or difficulties.

Exam Tip: This noun refers to a narrative that recounts challenges or hardships experienced in the past.

Question. ચૂડલો
Answer: ચૂડો, સ્ત્રીઓના હાથનું એક ધરેણું.
In simple words: A bangle, an ornament worn on women's wrists.

Exam Tip: When defining cultural items, provide both a direct translation and a brief explanation of its use or significance.

9. નીચેના શબ્દસમૂહ માટે એક શબ્દ લખો:

Question. કાઠિયાવાડનો ભાવનગર આસપાસનો પ્રદેશ
Answer: ગોહિલવાડ
In simple words: The region around Bhavnagar in Kathiawad is called Gohilwad.

Exam Tip: For geographical terms, recall the specific historical or regional names associated with the descriptions.

Question. માટીની ભીંત કે ગારવાળું નાનું મકાન
Answer: ખોરડું
In simple words: A small house made of mud walls or plaster is called khoradu.

Exam Tip: Focus on the distinctive features (mud walls, small size) to identify the correct term for such a dwelling.

Question. સાંજ પછીનું ભોજન
Answer: વાળું
In simple words: The meal eaten after evening is known as valun.

Exam Tip: This term refers to the evening meal, which is a common daily event.

Question. ઘોડા, બળદ વગેરેને ખાવા માટે અપાતું અનાજ
Answer: જોગાણ
In simple words: The grain given to horses, oxen, etc., for food is called jogan.

Exam Tip: When dealing with terms related to animal care, remember the specific vocabulary for feed and provisions.

Question. ઊછળે નહિ, છતાં વેગવાળી એવી ઘોડાની ચાલ
Answer: રેવાળ કે રેવાલ
In simple words: A horse's gait that is fast but doesn't involve much jumping or bouncing is called reval or rewal.

Exam Tip: This term describes a specific, smooth yet swift manner of movement for a horse, highlighting its distinctive quality.

Question. ઘેટાં – બકરાંનો વાડો
Answer: ઝોક
In simple words: An enclosure or pen for sheep and goats is known as jhok.

Exam Tip: Focus on the animals and the purpose of the structure (enclosure) to find the correct term.

Question. ધોડેસવાર જેમાં પગ રાખે છે તે કડું
Answer: પેંગડું
In simple words: The ring in which a horse rider places their foot is called a stirrup.

Exam Tip: This term refers to an essential piece of riding equipment that supports the rider's feet.

Question. ધોડાના જીન (પલાણ)ની રૂ કે ઊનની ગાદી
Answer: દળી
In simple words: The padded cushion made of cotton or wool placed under a horse's saddle is called dali.

Exam Tip: This term describes a component of horse tack, emphasizing its material and placement for comfort and fit.

Question. જીન ખસી ન જાય તે માટે ધોડાના પેટને કસીને બાંધેલો પટ્ટો
Answer: તંગ
In simple words: A tight strap fastened around a horse's belly to secure the saddle is called tang.

Exam Tip: This term refers to the girth or cinch, crucial for keeping the saddle stable during riding.

Question. ઢોરની નીરણ માટે આડું લાકડું રાખી કરેલી જગ્યા
Answer: ગમાણ
In simple words: A feeding trough for cattle, with a wooden bar to keep them in place, is called gaman.

Exam Tip: This term describes a specific structure in animal husbandry, identifying its function for feeding livestock.

10. નીચેના શબ્દોના વિરુદ્ધાર્થી શબ્દ લખો:

Question. મુશ્કેલ
Answer: સરળ
In simple words: The opposite of difficult is easy.

Exam Tip: For antonyms, always provide the direct opposite word, ensuring it accurately reverses the original meaning.

Question. નવું
Answer: જૂનું
In simple words: The opposite of new is old.

Exam Tip: Think of common opposing qualities to quickly identify antonyms like new/old.

Question. એક
Answer: અનેક
In simple words: The opposite of one is many.

Exam Tip: Antonyms often involve a change in quantity or singularity, like one versus multiple.

Question. ઓતરાદી
Answer: દખણાદી
In simple words: The opposite of northern is southern.

Exam Tip: For directional terms, recall the standard opposite directions.

Question. ધરતી
Answer: આસમાન
In simple words: The opposite of earth is sky.

Exam Tip: Consider natural pairs that represent contrasting domains, such as ground and air.

Question. દયા
Answer: ક્રૂરતા
In simple words: The opposite of kindness or mercy is cruelty.

Exam Tip: When finding antonyms for abstract qualities, focus on contrasting moral or emotional states.

11. નીચેના શબ્દોના અર્થ આપો:

Question. પૂર
Answer: પૂરેપૂર, રેલ
In simple words: This word means a flood, or to be completely full.

Exam Tip: Note that "પૂર" can mean a flood (excess water) or completeness, depending on context. Provide both. The "પુર" (city) is a homonym.

Question. પાણી
Answer: જળ
In simple words: This word refers to water.

Exam Tip: Some words have homonyms with different meanings. Here "પાણી" (water) and "પાણિ" (hand) are distinct.

Question. શિલા
Answer: મોટો પથ્થર
In simple words: This word means a large stone or rock.

Exam Tip: "શિલા" specifically denotes a significant piece of rock, distinguishing it from smaller stones. Note "શીલા" (character) is a different word.

Question. શોખ
Answer: હાંસ, ઇચ્છા
In simple words: This word means a hobby, interest, or strong desire.

Exam Tip: "શોખ" refers to a strong preference or passion for something. Differentiate from "શોક" (grief) and "શૉક્ય" (co-wife).

Question. ચોકડું
Answer: કાનનું એક ઘરેણું
In simple words: This word means an earring, a type of ear ornament.

Exam Tip: "ચોકડું" is a specific piece of jewelry for the ear. "ચોકઠું" (frame) is a different word.

Question. આંખો
Answer: નેત્ર, ચક્ષુ (બ.વ.)
In simple words: This word means eyes (plural).

Exam Tip: "આંખો" is the plural form of eye. "આખો" (whole) is a different word.

12. નીચેના તળપદા શબ્દોનાં શિષ્ટ રૂપ આપો:

Question. મોર્ય
Answer: પહેલાં
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'before' or 'earlier'.

Exam Tip: When converting colloquial words, aim for the most common and widely understood standard synonym.

Question. મલક
Answer: પ્રદેશ
In simple words: This colloquial word refers to a 'region' or 'area'.

Exam Tip: Many colloquial terms have direct equivalents in standard language; identifying these is key.

Question. ટીસિયું
Answer: અણીદાર છેડો
In simple words: This colloquial word means a 'sharp point' or 'pointed end'.

Exam Tip: Some colloquialisms describe physical features; focus on the defining characteristic for the standard term.

Question. ગોતવું
Answer: શોધવું
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'to search' or 'to find'.

Exam Tip: Standard Gujarati often uses more formal verbs than colloquial speech; choose the appropriate equivalent.

Question. પંડ્યા
Answer: પોતાના
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'one's own' or 'personal'.

Exam Tip: Colloquial possessive forms can often be replaced with a standard possessive adjective.

Question. કાલ્ય
Answer: કાલ
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow' (depending on context, usually 'tomorrow').

Exam Tip: Be aware that some terms like 'કાલ' can refer to both past and future in specific contexts, but usually 'tomorrow'.

Question. ચડવ
Answer: સવાર
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'morning' or 'rider'.

Exam Tip: Check for common homonyms or multiple meanings when a colloquial word has a simple standard equivalent.

Question. ખાંત
Answer: હોંશે
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'eagerness' or 'enthusiasm'.

Exam Tip: Colloquialisms often express emotions or states of being; find the standard word that conveys the same intensity.

Question. વહ્યા જવું
Answer: ચાલ્યા જવું
In simple words: This colloquial phrase means 'to go away' or 'to leave'.

Exam Tip: When converting colloquial verb phrases, replace them with their standard single-verb or common phrasal verb equivalents.

Question. ઢેકું
Answer: નીચે
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'down' or 'below'.

Exam Tip: Simple directional or positional colloquialisms usually have direct standard equivalents.

Question. વાવડી
Answer: સમાચાર
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'news' or 'information'.

Exam Tip: Colloquialisms for communication or information can be replaced by standard terms like 'સમાચાર'.

Question. નહિતર
Answer: નહિતર
In simple words: This word means 'otherwise' or 'else'.

Exam Tip: Some words are common in both colloquial and standard usage; ensure you are not unnecessarily changing correct words.

Question. કામસર
Answer: કામ માટે
In simple words: This word means 'for work' or 'for a task'.

Exam Tip: Break down compound colloquial words into their constituent standard meanings (e.g., 'કામ' + 'સર' becomes 'કામ માટે').

Question. ધોડાવવું
Answer: દોડાવવું
In simple words: This word means 'to make run' or 'to gallop'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to subtle phonetic differences in colloquial versus standard forms, especially with initial consonants.

Question. રાતનું ભોજન
Answer: વાળું
In simple words: This phrase means the 'night meal' or 'dinner'.

Exam Tip: Often, a phrase in standard language can be condensed into a single word in colloquial usage, and vice-versa.

Question. અટાણે
Answer: અત્યારે
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'now' or 'at this moment'.

Exam Tip: Temporal adverbs frequently have distinct colloquial and standard forms; ensure accurate conversion.

Question. ધરે
Answer: ઘેર
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'at home' or 'to home'.

Exam Tip: Slight vowel changes often distinguish colloquial from standard terms, as seen here.

Question. ખાખ્યું
Answer: ખાધું
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'ate' (past tense of eat).

Exam Tip: For verbs, pay attention to the tense and person, and choose the correct standard conjugation.

Question. આબરૂ સાચવવી
Answer: પ્રતિષ્ઠા જાળવવી
In simple words: This phrase means 'to save one's honor' or 'to maintain reputation'.

Exam Tip: Some standard expressions might be more formal than their colloquial counterparts; choose the most appropriate synonym.

Question. વગર
Answer: વિના
In simple words: This word means 'without'.

Exam Tip: 'વગર' and 'વિના' are synonyms, with 'વિના' being generally more formal or literary.

Question. નહિ રહો
Answer: નહિ રહે
In simple words: This phrase means 'will not stay' or 'will not remain'.

Exam Tip: Minor grammatical variations in verb endings often differentiate colloquial from standard speech.

Question. થર્ધને
Answer: થઈને
In simple words: This colloquial word means 'having become' or 'after becoming'.

Exam Tip: Focus on the gerundial or participial form of verbs for accurate conversion.

Question. પહોંચવું
Answer: પહોંચવું
In simple words: This word means 'to arrive' or 'to reach'.

Exam Tip: Some words are already in standard form, even if they appear in a list of colloquialisms.

Question. ચાલવું
Answer: ચાલવું
In simple words: This word means 'to walk' or 'to move'.

Exam Tip: Be careful not to alter words that are already correct in standard usage.

Question. એમાંનો
Answer: એમાંથી
In simple words: This word means 'from among them' or 'out of them'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to postpositions or case endings which change in standard vs. colloquial Gujarati.

Question. ડેલીનો દરવાજો
Answer: ડેલી
In simple words: This phrase means 'the main gate of the house'.

Exam Tip: Sometimes a colloquial phrase might simplify into a single standard word, especially when one part is redundant (e.g., 'gate of the gate').

Question. તાજામાજા
Answer: સ્વસ્થ
In simple words: This word means 'healthy' or 'robust'.

Exam Tip: Look for a single, concise standard term that captures the essence of the colloquial descriptive phrase.

Question. પંદરેક દિવસ
Answer: પંદરેક દિવસ
In simple words: This phrase means 'about fifteen days'.

Exam Tip: Numerical expressions with approximations like '-એક' are often standard in both forms.

Question. ધોડવું
Answer: દોડવું
In simple words: This word means 'to run'.

Exam Tip: Be mindful of consonant shifts (like 'ધ' to 'દ') when converting colloquial verbs to standard forms.

Question. વિષયમાં
Answer: વિષયમાં
In simple words: This word means 'in the subject' or 'regarding the topic'.

Exam Tip: If a word is already standard and correctly used, leave it unchanged.

Question. ઓતરાદી
Answer: ઉત્તર દિશાનું
In simple words: This word means 'of the northern direction'.

Exam Tip: Convert directional adjectives to standard phrases describing the direction.

Question. ગદરો
Answer: કાદવ
In simple words: This word means 'mud' or 'silt'.

Exam Tip: Common nouns for natural substances often have simple standard equivalents.

Question. દેખાણો
Answer: દેખાયો
In simple words: This word means 'appeared' or 'was seen'.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to past tense verb endings, as they can differ between colloquial and standard forms.

Question. બધડાટી
Answer: ધાંધલધમાલ
In simple words: This word means 'noise and commotion' or 'uproar'.

Exam Tip: Find a standard synonym that captures the sense of noisy disorder conveyed by the colloquial term.

Question. ખાબકવું
Answer: ઊંચેથી કૂદવું
In simple words: This word means 'to jump from a height' or 'to plunge down'.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the 'from a height' aspect for precision when defining this verb.

Question. અરેકારો
Answer: અરેરાટી
In simple words: This word means 'a cry of shock' or 'a gasp of dismay'.

Exam Tip: When dealing with exclamations or sounds, find the standard word that describes the feeling expressed.

Question. તાણ
Answer: ખેંચાણ
In simple words: This word means 'pull' or 'tension'.

Exam Tip: Look for a direct standard synonym that conveys the physical action of pulling or the state of tension.

Question. કાહરી
Answer: યુક્તિ કે પ્રયત્ન
In simple words: This word means 'a trick' or 'an effort'.

Exam Tip: Understand that some colloquial terms can have multiple, related meanings, so provide the most appropriate standard equivalents.

Question. આભર
Answer: આભાર
In simple words: This word means 'gratitude' or 'thanks'.

Exam Tip: Minor phonetic changes, like a 'ભ' to 'બ' sound, often distinguish colloquial speech from standard pronunciation.

Question. હેમખેમ
Answer: ક્ષેમકુશળ, સુખરૂપ
In simple words: This word means 'safe and sound' or 'well and prosperous'.

Exam Tip: Compound colloquial words often have compound standard equivalents that convey similar meanings of well-being.

Question. રહોડું
Answer: રસોડું
In simple words: This word means 'kitchen'.

Exam Tip: Be aware of common dialectal variations in vowel sounds or syllable structures, as seen in 'રહોડું' vs 'રસોડું'.

Question. અહૂરવેળા
Answer: કસમયે
In simple words: This word means 'at an inauspicious time' or 'at the wrong time'.

Exam Tip: Some colloquialisms describe times or circumstances; find the standard adverb or phrase that precisely conveys the meaning.

Question. હડિયાપાટી
Answer: દોડાદોડ
In simple words: This word means 'a flurry of running' or 'running around'.

Exam Tip: This term describes a hurried or frantic movement, often involving multiple people or intense activity.

Question. હડિયાં
Answer: ઔષધિ
In simple words: This word means 'medicine' or 'herb'.

Exam Tip: This term likely refers to traditional herbal remedies, so 'ઔષધિ' is a fitting standard equivalent.

Question. દોર્ય
Answer: નૌ
In simple words: This word means 'boat' or 'ship'.

Exam Tip: Simple nouns for common objects often have direct standard equivalents, even if their forms differ significantly.

13. નીચેનાં વાક્યોમાંથી વિશેષણ શોધીને તેનો પ્રકાર લખો:

Question 1. પચાસેક વરસ મોર્યની વાત છે.
Answer: પચાસેક – સંખ્યાવાચક
In simple words: In this sentence, 'પચાસેક' means 'around fifty', which describes a number, making it a numeral adjective.

Exam Tip: To identify numerical adjectives, look for words that indicate quantity or order, often approximations like 'પચાસેક'.

Question 2. “અટાણે તો ચારે પગે ધોડતો થૈ ગ્યો સે.'
Answer: ચારે – સંખ્યાવાચક
In simple words: Here, 'ચારે' means 'all four', which shows a specific number, so it's a numeral adjective.

Exam Tip: Words like 'ચારે' (all four), 'બંને' (both), or 'ત્રણે' (all three) that specify a number are classified as numeral adjectives.

Question 3. આકાશમાં કાળાભંઠ વાદળાં હડિયાપાટી લેવા માંડ્યાં.
Answer: કાળાંમંઠ – ગુણ(રંગ)વાચક
In simple words: In this sentence, 'કાળાંમંઠ' describes the 'blackish' color of the clouds, making it a qualitative (color) adjective.

Exam Tip: Qualitative adjectives often describe characteristics such as color, size, shape, or quality. Pay attention to descriptive words.

Question 4. ત્યાં જાતવાન ધોડી કળી ગઈ.
Answer: જાતવાન – ગુણવાચક
In simple words: Here, 'જાતવાન' means 'of good breed' or 'pedigreed', which describes a quality of the mare, so it's a qualitative adjective.

Exam Tip: Words that describe inherent qualities, traits, or characteristics of a noun are typically qualitative adjectives.

Question 5. “માળો ભારે છાતીસલો આદમી ……”
Answer: ભારે છાતીસલો – ગુણવાચક
In simple words: In this sentence, 'ભારે છાતીસલો' means 'very brave-hearted', which describes a quality of the person, making it a qualitative adjective.

Exam Tip: Compound adjectives like 'ભારે છાતીસલો' also function as qualitative adjectives by describing a characteristic.

14. નીચેનાં વાક્યોમાંથી ક્રિયાવિશેષણ શોધીને તેનો પ્રકાર લપ્પો.

Question 1. કોઈ દી નઈ ને મામાએ આજ આવા વાવડ કેમ કેવરાવ્યા હશે?
Answer: આજ – સમયવાચક
In simple words: In this sentence, 'આજ' means 'today', indicating the time when the action occurred, making it an adverb of time.

Exam Tip: Adverbs of time specify when an action takes place. Look for words that answer the question "When?".

Question 2. મામા હડી કાઢીને મેડીએથી હેઠે ઊતર્યા.
Answer: હડી કાઢીને – રીતિવાચક
In simple words: Here, 'હડી કાઢીને' means 'by running quickly', describing the manner of descending, making it an adverb of manner.

Exam Tip: Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed. They often answer the question "How?".

Question 3. ‘બાપડી ઢેલ, પાણીમાં બહુ મઉ થે ગઈ હશે...”
Answer: બહુ – માત્રાસૂચક
In simple words: In this sentence, 'બહુ' means 'very' or 'a lot', indicating the extent or degree of the condition, making it an adverb of degree.

Exam Tip: Adverbs of degree (or extent) quantify how much, to what extent, or with what intensity an action or quality occurs.

Question 4. “મારું જોર, તે ભાણ ભારે છે. આવા તાણ ધોડી બાપડી તાકાતેય કેટલી કરે?
Answer: ભારે – માત્રાસૂચક, કેટલી – રીતિવાચક
In simple words: 'ભારે' means 'very' (degree), and 'કેટલી' means 'how much' (degree) or 'to what extent' (manner), describing the force.

Exam Tip: Some adverbs can indicate both degree and manner depending on context; be prepared to identify both possibilities.

Question 5. “આજ બાપ દેવ, તેં આજ જીવતરનાં દાન દીધાં છે.'
Answer: આજ – સમયવાચક
In simple words: In this sentence, 'આજ' means 'today', indicating the time of giving, making it an adverb of time.

Exam Tip: Adverbs of time, such as 'આજ' (today), are straightforward to identify as they pinpoint the timing of an action.

15. નીચેના શબ્દોના ધ્વનિઘટકો છૂટા પાડો:

Question. ટીસિયું
Answer: \( = ટ્ + ઈ + સ્ + ઈ + ય્ + ઉં \)
In simple words: To break down a word, you split it into its smallest sound parts, including consonants and vowels.

Exam Tip: When breaking down phonemes, remember to separate each consonant and vowel sound, even if they appear combined in the script.

Question. ડુંગર
Answer: \( = ડ્+ઉં - ગ્ + અ + ર્ \)
In simple words: Each letter or part of the sound is written separately to show how the word is made up.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to nasalized vowels (like 'ઉં') and final consonants (like 'ર્') that may not be explicitly written in the base script.

Question. પૈડું
Answer: \( = પ્ + ઐ + ડ્ + ઉં \)
In simple words: This process shows the specific vowel sounds and consonant sounds that create the word.

Exam Tip: Diphthongs (like 'ઐ') should be represented as single vowel units when breaking down phonemes.

16. નીચેનાં જોડકાં યોગ્ય રીતે જોડો:

Question 1. Match the following:
Answer:

Exam Tip: કર્તરિરચના (active voice) emphasizes the doer, while કર્મણિરચના (passive voice) focuses on the action or object, often using 'થી' or 'વડ' (by/from).

Question 2. Match the following:
Answer:

Exam Tip: In active voice (કર્તરિરચના), the subject performs the action. In passive voice (કર્મણિરચના), the subject receives the action, and the agent is often indicated with 'થી'.

Question 3. Match the following:
Answer:

Exam Tip: ભાવેરચના (impersonal voice) highlights the emotion or state, often using an inanimate subject. પ્રેરકરચના (causative voice) indicates that someone caused another to perform an action.

17. નીચેનાં વાક્યોની પ્રેરક વાક્યરચના બનાવો:

Question 1. રૂપાળી વછેરીના ચારેય પગ ને કપાળ ધોળેલાં હતાં.
Answer: રૂપાળી વછેરીના ચારેય પગ ને કપાળ (કોઈની પાસે) ધોળાવેલાં હતાં.
In simple words: The beautiful mare's four legs and forehead were caused to be washed by someone.

Exam Tip: To form a causative sentence, introduce an agent who causes the action and change the verb to its causative form (e.g., ધોળવું -> ધોળાવવું).

Question 2. કોઈ દી નઈ ને મામાએ આજ આવા વાવડ કેમ કહ્યા હશે?
Answer: કોઈ દી નઈ ને મામાએ આજ આવા વાવડ કેમ કેવરાવ્યા હશે?
In simple words: Why would uncle have caused such news to be conveyed today, never before?

Exam Tip: The causative form indicates indirect action. For verbs like 'કહવું' (to say), the causative is 'કેવરાવવું' (to cause to say/convey).

Question 3. દળી, તંગ ને પેંગડાં ઉતારીને ગમાણમાં મૂક્યાં.
Answer: દળી, તંગ ને પેંગડાં ઉતારીને ગમાણમાં મુકાવ્યાં.
In simple words: The saddle pad, girth, and stirrups were caused to be removed and placed in the manger.

Exam Tip: In causative sentences, the original subject often becomes the object of the causative verb, implying an external agent. 'મૂકવું' (to place) becomes 'મુકાવવું' (to cause to be placed).

Question 4. મામીએ તૈયાર રાખેલાં વાળુ કાઢ્યાં.
Answer: મામીએ તૈયાર રાખેલાં વાળુ દીકરી પાસે કાઢાવ્યાં.
In simple words: Auntie caused the prepared dinner to be served by her daughter.

Exam Tip: When the original action involves an object being moved, the causative form of the verb reflects the causing of that movement (e.g., 'કાઢવું' (to serve) becomes 'કાઢાવવું' (to cause to be served)).

ધોડીની સ્વામીભક્તિ પાઠ – પરિચય

ઝોરાવરસિંહ જાદવ [જન્મ: 10 – 02 – 1940].

ધોડીની સ્વામીભક્તિ', લોકકથામાં ગોહિલવાડમાં આવેલ વાવડી ગામના વતની અને અશ્વના શોખીન આંબા વાછાણીની કથાને નિરૂપી છે. પોતાનો શોખ પૂરો કરવા આંબા પટેલ બાબરાથી ઢેલ(ઘોડીની જાત)ની અસલ ઓલાદની છ મહિનાની વછેરીને ખરીદીને લઈ આવ્યા.

એ વછેરીનું જીવની જેમ જતન કર્યું, એને પોતાના સંતાનની જેમ વહાલથી ઉછેરી, એને રેવાળની ચાલ શીખવી. આ પોડીએ પણ પોતાના માલિક પ્રત્યે વફાદારી અને સ્વામીભક્તિ દર્શાવવામાં કોઈ કચાશ રાખી નહિ.

લઘુકથાઓમાં વિષયને અનુરૂપ સૌરાષ્ટ્રની તળપદી બોલીનું જોમ, ખમીર, મીઠાશ અને પ્રેમાળ જીવનને પણ વણી લીધા. માણસ અને પશુ બંને એકબીજા સાથે પ્રેમ અને વફાદારી કેવાં નિભાવે છે એનું સચોટ દષ્ટાંત આંબા વાછાણી અને ઘોડી પૂરું પાડે છે.

ધોડીની સ્વામીભક્તિ શબ્દાર્થ

Question 1. મોર્ય
Answer: પહેલાં.
In simple words: This word means 'before' or 'earlier'.

Exam Tip: For vocabulary, focus on providing a concise and accurate standard synonym for each term.

Question 2. ગોહિલવાડ
Answer: કાઠિયાવાડનો ભાવનગર આસપાસના પ્રદેશ.
In simple words: This refers to the region around Bhavnagar in Kathiawad.

Exam Tip: For regional names, identify the specific geographical area they designate.

Question 3. મલક
Answer: પ્રદેશ.
In simple words: This word means 'region' or 'area'.

Exam Tip: Provide the most common standard equivalent for geographical terms.

Question 4. સંધાય
Answer: બધાય.
In simple words: This word means 'all' or 'everyone'.

Exam Tip: For words indicating quantity or totality, choose a clear standard synonym.

Question 5. જબરો
Answer: ભારે.
In simple words: This word means 'heavy' or 'strong'.

Exam Tip: When a word has multiple meanings, choose the most common or contextually relevant synonym.

Question 6. અસલ
Answer: મૂળ, (અહીં) ઉત્તમ.
In simple words: This word means 'original' or, in this context, 'excellent'.

Exam Tip: If a word has context-dependent meanings, specify the relevant meaning for the given chapter.

Question 7. ઓલાદ
Answer: સંતતિ, વંશ, (અહીં) જાત.
In simple words: This word means 'offspring', 'lineage', or, in this context, 'breed'.

Exam Tip: For terms related to biology or ancestry, provide synonyms that cover both general and specific (e.g., animal breed) meanings.

Question 8. વછેરી
Answer: નાની ધોડી.
In simple words: This word means a 'young mare' or 'filly'.

Exam Tip: For animal-specific terms, identify the age or gender implied by the word.

Question 9. મૂલવવું
Answer: કિંમત આંકવી.
In simple words: This word means 'to assess the value' or 'to appraise'.

Exam Tip: Focus on the act of determining worth or price when defining this verb.

Question 10. જોટો
Answer: જોડ.
In simple words: This word means a 'pair' or 'matching set'.

Exam Tip: A direct synonym for a 'pair' is usually straightforward.

Question 11. પંથક
Answer: પ્રદેશ.
In simple words: This word means a 'region' or 'area'.

Exam Tip: Similar to 'મલક', 'પંથક' also refers to a geographical region.

Question 12. સોંસરવું
Answer: આરપાર.
In simple words: This word means 'through and through' or 'straight through'.

Exam Tip: This adverb describes passing completely from one side to another.

Question 13. જતન
Answer: કાળજી.
In simple words: This word means 'care' or 'nurturing'.

Exam Tip: A direct synonym for care or meticulous upkeep.

Question 14. ઝોક
Answer: ઘેટાં – બકરાંનો વાડો.
In simple words: This word refers to an 'enclosure for sheep and goats'.

Exam Tip: Specific terms for animal housing require precise definitions.

Question 15. રેવાળ
Answer: ઊછળે નહિ, છતાં વેગવાળી એવી ધોડાની ચાલ.
In simple words: This describes a 'horse's swift gait that is smooth and not bouncy'.

Exam Tip: When defining specific animal gaits, highlight the unique characteristics that distinguish them.

Question 16. કોઠો
Answer: (અહીં) ગર્ભ.
In simple words: This word means a 'granary' or, in this context, a 'womb'.

Exam Tip: Be sure to provide the context-specific meaning if a word has multiple interpretations.

Question 17. અવતરવું
Answer: જન્મવું.
In simple words: This word means 'to be born' or 'to come into existence'.

Exam Tip: A straightforward synonym for birth or genesis.

Question 18. માલુમ
Answer: જાણ.
In simple words: This word means 'known' or 'understood'.

Exam Tip: This term refers to something that is perceived or recognized.

Question 19. શિરાવવું
Answer: નાસ્તો કરવો.
In simple words: This word means 'to have breakfast' or 'to have a snack'.

Exam Tip: This verb specifically refers to consuming a light meal, usually in the morning.

Question 20. ઓહાણ
Answer: ખ્યાલ.
In simple words: This word means 'idea' or 'thought'.

Exam Tip: A direct synonym for a notion or a concept.

Question 21. આગંતુક
Answer: આવી ચડેલું.
In simple words: This word means 'unexpectedly arrived' or 'a newcomer'.

Exam Tip: This term refers to something or someone that appears suddenly or without prior arrangement.

Question 22. ઢાળિયો
Answer: ઢાળવાળું છાપરું.
In simple words: This word refers to a 'sloping roof' or 'a shed with a sloped roof'.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the 'sloping' aspect of the roof in the definition.

Question 23. ફળિયું
Answer: આંગણું, મહોલ્લો.
In simple words: This word means a 'courtyard' or 'neighborhood'.

Exam Tip: This term can refer to both a private yard and a communal area, so include both meanings.

Question 24. સાદ દેવો
Answer: બૂમ પાડવી.
In simple words: This phrase means 'to call out' or 'to shout'.

Exam Tip: A simple synonym for uttering a loud call.

Question 25. રાત – વરત
Answer: રાત.
In simple words: This phrase means 'night' (used emphatically).

Exam Tip: This term is often used to refer to the night with an added sense of duration or importance.

Question 26. ચોકડું
Answer: ધોડાના મોંમાં રહેતો લગામનો લોઢાનો ભાગ.
In simple words: This refers to the 'iron part of the bridle that goes in a horse's mouth'.

Exam Tip: For specific equipment, describe its function and placement on the animal.

Question 27. રાંગમાં રમવી
Answer: વ્યવસ્થિત રીતે દોડવી.
In simple words: This means 'to run in a controlled and orderly manner' (for a horse).

Exam Tip: This phrase describes a horse's disciplined and well-executed movement.

Question 28. ટોણો
Answer: મહેણું, મર્મવચન.
In simple words: This word means a 'taunt' or 'sarcastic remark'.

Exam Tip: This term refers to a mocking or critical comment, often disguised subtly.

Question 29. સળાવા
Answer: ઝબકારા.
In simple words: This word means 'flashes' or 'glistening effects'.

Exam Tip: This term describes momentary bursts of light or shine, often rapid and repeated.

Question 30. ગાઉ
Answer: દોઢેક માઇલ કે અઢી કિલોમીટરનું અંતર.
In simple words: This word refers to a 'traditional unit of distance, about 1.5 miles or 2.5 kilometers'.

Exam Tip: When defining traditional units, provide their approximate modern equivalents for better understanding.

Question 31. પથ
Answer: રસ્તો.
In simple words: This word means a 'path' or 'way'.

Exam Tip: A simple synonym for a route or course.

Question 32. ડુસકા
Answer: ટોપો.
In simple words: This word means 'sobs' or 'sniffles'.

Exam Tip: This term refers to short, catching breaths made while crying or upset.

Question 33. સંબંધ
Answer: સગાઈ, સગપણ, સાબદા.
In simple words: This word means 'relationship', 'kinship', or 'engagement'.

Exam Tip: This term encompasses various forms of connections, from familial to formal alliances.

Question 34. થવું
Answer: તૈયાર થવું.
In simple words: This word means 'to become ready' or 'to prepare'.

Exam Tip: In this context, 'થવું' means reaching a state of readiness.

Question 35. તાણ કરવી
Answer: આગ્રહ કરવો.
In simple words: This phrase means 'to insist' or 'to urge'.

Exam Tip: This term implies making a strong request or plea.

Question 36. કચવાવું
Answer: દિલગીર થવું, મનમાં મૂંઝાવું.
In simple words: This word means 'to feel sad', 'to be distressed', or 'to be confused internally'.

Exam Tip: This term describes an internal emotional state of regret, sorrow, or vexation.

Question 37. કાળું ડિબાંગ
Answer: તદ્દન કાળું.
In simple words: This phrase means 'pitch black' or 'extremely dark'.

Exam Tip: This is an intensifier, emphasizing the absolute blackness of something.

Question 38. મેહુલો
Answer: વરસાદ, મેવલો.
In simple words: This word means 'rain' or 'rainy season'.

Exam Tip: This term is a common, often endearing, way to refer to rainfall.

Question 39. મેઆઉ મેઆઉ
Answer: મોરના ટહુકવાનો અવાજ.
In simple words: This refers to the 'sound of a peacock's call'.

Exam Tip: Onomatopoeic words should be defined by the sound they represent and the source of that sound.

Question 40. ગહેકવું
Answer: મોરનું ટકવું.
In simple words: This word means 'for a peacock to call or utter its cry'.

Exam Tip: This verb describes the specific vocalization of a peacock.

Question 41. પડધા દેવા
Answer: સામો અવાજ આવવો, પ્રતિઘોષ થવો.
In simple words: This phrase means 'to echo' or 'to reverberate'.

Exam Tip: This term describes a sound being reflected back, creating an echo.

Question 42. કાળાંબંઠ
Answer: તદ્દન કાળું.
In simple words: This phrase means 'pitch black' or 'very dark'.

Exam Tip: Similar to 'કાળું ડિબાંગ', this is another intensifier for the color black.

Question 43. ઘૂઘવાટા મારવા
Answer: ધૂ ધૂ એવો અવાજ કરવો.
In simple words: This phrase means 'to make a roaring or gushing sound' (like water).

Exam Tip: This term describes the loud, rushing sound often associated with flowing water.

Question 44. પગના સેલારા મારવા
Answer: પાણીમાં પડી આગળ વધવા માટે પગથી આંચકો આપવો.
In simple words: This means 'to push forward with one's feet in water to advance'.

Exam Tip: This phrase describes the action of kicking or propelling oneself through water.

Question 45. તાણ ભારે હોવી
Answer: પાણીના વહેણનું પુષ્કળ જોર હોવું.
In simple words: This means 'for the current of water to be very strong'.

Exam Tip: This phrase describes a powerful and forceful flow of water.