GSEB Class 10 English Supplementary Solutions Chapter 18 Mind Power

Read the passage and answer the questions.

(1) Thinking is rather a painful activity for most of the people. Many avoid thinking in their day-to-day life. We call them “dull.” Even if you are not brilliant, you can act as genius by applying right mental skills. Dr Edward de Bono, a psychologist and professor of medicine at Cambridge University, England had suggested some steps to improve thinking. He believes: Thinking skills help in solving the problems of everyday life and everyone can learn them. [Page 78]

Question 1. Why do people avoid thinking ?
Answer: People avoid thinking because it is a very painful activity.
In simple words: People avoid thinking because it's a very difficult task.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the reason provided in the text for why people dislike thinking.

Question 2. Whom do we call 'dull' ?
Answer: People who avoid thinking in their day-to-day life are called 'dull'.
In simple words: Those who avoid thinking in their daily lives are considered 'dull'.

Exam Tip: Define 'dull' based on the specific behavior mentioned in the passage.

Question 3. How can you act as a genius ?
Answer: We can act as a genius by applying the right mental skills.
In simple words: You can behave like a genius by using proper thinking abilities.

Exam Tip: Focus on the active application of mental skills to show genius-like behavior.

Question 4. Who is Dr Bono ?
Answer: Dr Bono is a psychologist and professor of medicine at Cambridge University, England.
In simple words: Dr. Bono is a psychologist and a medicine professor at Cambridge University in England.

Exam Tip: Provide all relevant details about Dr. Bono's profession and affiliation as mentioned in the text.

Question 5. What does Dr Bono believe?
Answer: Dr Bono believes that thinking skills help in solving the everyday problem and everyone can learn them.
In simple words: Dr. Bono thinks that thinking abilities assist with daily issues and everyone can acquire them.

Exam Tip: State Dr. Bono's core belief about thinking skills and their universal applicability.

(2) Plus-Minus, Interesting (PMI): The first step for better thinking is to see things without limiting your vision. Try this experiment. Look around the room for red objects (Don't read further until you have done so.) Now close your eyes and ask yourself how many green objects there are. Look again. Surprised? You focused attention on red. It kept you away from noticing things of another colours. It is the same with an idea. When most of us first hear a new idea or a new solution to a problem, we react either liking it or disliking it. Then we use our intelligence to support that idea. An easy way to escape this trap is to do a PMI. One normally presents his / her reaction about the idea presented immediately. Using PMI, think about your school. Spend three minutes writing down every good point you can make about it, every bad point and every point that is neither good, nor bad but simply interesting. The aim of doing a PMI is to achieve broad-mindedness in our thinking. This saves us from becoming the obedient servant of our own prejudices. To put it another way: the PMI is an attention expander; it prevents us from seeing only red. [Pages 78-79]

Question 1. Which is the first step for better thinking ?
Answer: The first step for better thinking is to see things without limiting your vision.
In simple words: To think better, first view things without restricting your perspective.

Exam Tip: Identify the core initial action needed for enhanced thought processes as described in the text.

Question 2. How do we react to a new idea ?
Answer: We react to a new idea by either liking it or disliking it.
In simple words: When we encounter a new idea, we either approve or disapprove of it.

Exam Tip: Describe the immediate, dual nature of human response to novel concepts.

Question 3. What do we do to support a new idea ?
Answer: We use our intelligence to support that idea.
In simple words: We employ our intellect to back that concept.

Exam Tip: Highlight the faculty (intelligence) used to reinforce a new thought.

Question 4. How will do a PMI of your school ?
Answer: To do a PMI of my school, I will spend three minutes writing down the good points, the bad points, every point that is neither good, nor bad but simply interesting.
In simple words: For a PMI of my school, I would spend three minutes listing good, bad, and simply interesting aspects.

Exam Tip: Explain the process of performing a PMI, including the time and categories for evaluation.

Question 5. What is the full form of PMI ?
Answer: The full form of PMI is Plus-Minus, Interesting.
In simple words: PMI stands for Plus-Minus, Interesting.

Exam Tip: Provide the complete expansion of the abbreviation as stated in the text.

Question 6. What is the aim of doing a PMI ?
Answer: The aim of doing a PMI is to achieve broad-mindedness in our thinking and save ourselves from becoming servants of our own prejudices.
In simple words: PMI helps us to think openly and avoids us being controlled by our biases.

Exam Tip: Explain the dual purpose of PMI: promoting open-mindedness and preventing bias.

Question 7. What does Bono call PMI ?
Answer: Bono calls PMI an attention expander.
In simple words: Bono describes PMI as a tool that broadens focus.

Exam Tip: State the specific term Dr. Bono uses to describe PMI.

(3) Consequences & Sequel (C&S): We differ from animals in our ability to imagine the results of our actions. We can greatly improve this ability by learning to use it in a systematic way. The de Bono technique is to imagine the probable outcome of a decision at four distances in the future: immediate, short term (1 to 5 years), medium term (5 to 25) and long term (over 25 years).

Alternative, Possibilities, Choices (APC): Edison, in searching for a light-bulb filament tried thousands of unlikely materials, including cork, fishing line and tar. The key to finding alternatives is to look for possibilities, outside your usual thinking pattern. Learn to “think wild.” Let yourself imagine all kinds of possibilities, including those which look impractical or ridiculous. Permit your mind to float free and to take what if offers.

Other's Point of View (OPV) : A problem normally generates out of conflicts with others. You will better be able to find a solution if you try to look at the situation from the others point of view. [Pages 79-80]

Question 1. How do we differ from animals ?
Answer: We differ from animals in our ability to imagine the results of our actions.
In simple words: Humans are different from animals because we can foresee the effects of our deeds.

Exam Tip: Highlight the specific human capacity (imagining action outcomes) that distinguishes us from animals.

Question 2. What is the de Bono technique ?
Answer: The de Bono technique is to imagine the probable outcome of a decision at four distances in the future : immediate, short term, medium term and long term.
In simple words: The de Bono method involves foreseeing a decision's likely outcome across four future timeframes: immediate, short, medium, and long term.

Exam Tip: Clearly define the de Bono technique by specifying its focus on future outcomes and the four temporal distances.

Question 3. What is the key to finding alternatives ?
Answer: The key to finding alternatives is to look for possibilities, outside your usual thinking pattern.
In simple words: To find other options, you need to search for ideas beyond your normal way of thinking.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the need to break free from conventional thought patterns when seeking alternatives.

Question 4. 'Learn to think wild.' How?
Answer: You can learn to think wild by letting yourself imagine all kinds of possibilities, including those which are impractical or ridiculous.
In simple words: To "think wild", allow your mind to envision all sorts of ideas, even if they seem absurd or unworkable.

Exam Tip: Explain "thinking wild" as encompassing even seemingly impossible or silly ideas without self-censorship.

Question 5. When does a problem generate ?
Answer: A problem normally generates out of conflicts with others.
In simple words: Issues usually arise from disagreements with other people.

Exam Tip: State the common origin of problems as conflicts between individuals.

Question 6. How can you find a solution to a problem ?
Answer: We can find a solution if we look at the situation from the other's point of view.
In simple words: To resolve an issue, consider the situation from another person's perspective.

Exam Tip: Stress the importance of empathy and perspective-taking in problem-solving.

(4) Repetition : Repetition is a primary but least interesting method of memorizing. You can learn and remember almost anything if you have the patience to repeat it often enough.

Involving Senses : Bringing as many of your senses as possible helps in memorization. If you see an apple, you would carry a certain impression of it, but if you lift it, smell it, taste it, you can create a clear and more lasting memory.

Power of Attention : Use your power of observation, concentration and attention. Attention means sidetracking everything except the thought or experience you want to remember. [Page 81]

Question 1. What does the author say about repetition ?
Answer: The author says that repetition is a primary but the least interesting method of memorizing.
In simple words: The author states that repeating things is a basic but less engaging way to remember.

Exam Tip: Quote the author's precise description of repetition's role in memory, including its positive and negative aspects.

Question 2. How can you learn and remember anything ?
Answer: We can learn and remember anything if we have the patience to repeat it often enough.
In simple words: You can learn and retain almost anything if you patiently repeat it many times.

Exam Tip: Focus on the conditions required for learning and remembering: patience and frequent repetition.

Question 3. What helps in memorization ?
Answer: Bringing as many of your senses as possible helps in memorization.
In simple words: Using many of your senses assists with remembering things.

Exam Tip: Identify the key strategy for improving memory as engaging multiple senses.

Question 4. Which power should you use to remember?
Answer: We should use the power of observation, concentration and attention to remember.
In simple words: To recall information, we should employ our abilities of observation, focus, and mindfulness.

Exam Tip: List the specific mental powers (observation, concentration, attention) essential for effective recall.

Question 5. What is attention ?
Answer: Attention means sidetracking everything except the thought or experience you want to remember.
In simple words: Attention means ignoring all other things except the specific thought or experience you wish to keep in mind.

Exam Tip: Define attention by its core function: focusing exclusively on the desired information while disregarding distractions.

(5) Interest: If you are genuinely interested in the subject you will never forget it. Try to develop deep interest in the subjects or situations, you want to remember.

Understanding : If you do not understand a subject or situation, you cannot be expected to remember it. You must know the logical relations between all the given facts.

Selection : No one can remember everything so select things which are important for you to remember. Many people try to remember telephone numbers. But it is wiser to save the mental energy for more important work. [Page 81]

Question 1. What should you do to remember a subject or a situation?
Answer: We should try to develop deep interest in a subject or a situation that we want to remember.
In simple words: To remember something, try to build a strong interest in that topic or circumstance.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the role of genuine interest as a primary factor in effective memory retention.

Question 2. Which things should you select ?
Answer: We should select only those things which are important for us to remember.
In simple words: You should choose only the information that is important for you to recall.

Exam Tip: Focus on the principle of selectivity, prioritizing important information for memorization.

Question 3. What is wise thing to do ?
Answer: Saving our mental energy for more important work is a wise thing to do.
In simple words: It is sensible to conserve your mental effort for more crucial tasks.

Exam Tip: Connect the concept of wisdom with the strategic allocation of mental resources to important tasks.

Question 4. Why can't you remember a subject or a situation ?
Answer: We cannot remember a subject or a situation because we do not understand it.
In simple words: You cannot recall a topic or event if you do not comprehend it.

Exam Tip: Highlight understanding as a prerequisite for memory retention; lack of comprehension hinders recall.

Question 5. What must you know to remember a subject or a situation ?
Answer: To remember a subject or a situation, we must know the logical relations between all the facts.
In simple words: To remember a topic or event, you need to understand how all the facts logically connect.

Exam Tip: Stress the importance of grasping the logical connections between facts for effective and lasting memory.

Vocabulary Recognition

Select the word having the nearest meaning.

Question 1. brilliant
(a) boastful
(b) showy
(c) dull
(d) intelligent
Answer: (d) intelligent
In simple words: "Brilliant" means very smart or clever, so "intelligent" is the closest meaning.

Exam Tip: When matching synonyms, consider the core meaning and common usage of the word in context.

Question 2. apply
(a) use
(b) make
(c) produce
(d) attend
Answer: (a) use
In simple words: To "apply" something means to put it into operation or "use" it.

Exam Tip: Think about how the word "apply" is used in a sentence to determine its closest synonym.

Question 3. skill
(a) stability
(b) talent
(c) nature
(d) gift
Answer: (b) talent
In simple words: "Skill" refers to an ability or expertise, which is very similar to "talent."

Exam Tip: Consider "skill" as a learned ability and "talent" as a natural aptitude, both implying proficiency.

Question 4. improve
(a) make bad
(b) make equal
(c) make better
(d) make worse
Answer: (c) make better
In simple words: To "improve" means to become better or "make better."

Exam Tip: Understand that "improve" always implies a positive change or enhancement.

Question 5. object
(a) statement
(b) offer
(c) aim
(d) thing
Answer: (d) thing
In simple words: An "object" is a material thing that can be seen or touched, so "thing" is the closest synonym.

Exam Tip: Remember that "object" in this context refers to a tangible item, not a goal or a statement.

Question 6. react
(a) recollect
(b) remember
(c) respond
(d) recall
Answer: (c) respond
In simple words: To "react" means to act in response to something, which is synonymous with "respond."

Exam Tip: "React" and "respond" both describe how one acts due to an external stimulus.

Question 7. escape
(a) run into
(b) run away
(c) run for
(d) run towards
Answer: (b) run away
In simple words: To "escape" means to get away from a place or situation, or to "run away."

Exam Tip: "Escape" implies movement away from danger or confinement, aligning with "run away."

Question 8. factor
(a) cause
(b) result
(c) outcome
(d) consequence
Answer: (a) cause
In simple words: A "factor" is something that contributes to a result, acting as a "cause."

Exam Tip: Distinguish between a "factor" (what leads to something) and a "result" (what happens because of it).

Question 9. minor
(a) huge
(b) average
(c) small
(d) big
Answer: (c) small
In simple words: "Minor" means of lesser importance or size, making "small" the closest synonym.

Exam Tip: Think of "minor" as the opposite of major, indicating something less significant or large.

Question 10. consequence
(a) score
(b) cause
(c) reason
(d) outcome
Answer: (d) outcome
In simple words: A "consequence" is the result or effect of an action or event, which is an "outcome."

Exam Tip: Understand that "consequence" always refers to what follows as a direct effect of something else.

Question 11. technique
(a) gift
(b) logic
(c) skill
(d) technology
Answer: (c) skill
In simple words: A "technique" is a specific method or way of doing something, often requiring "skill."

Exam Tip: Recognize "technique" as a practical method or procedure, closely related to expertise.

Question 12. probable
(a) possible
(b) impossible
(c) able
(d) unable
Answer: (a) possible
In simple words: "Probable" means likely to happen or be true, which is similar to "possible."

Exam Tip: While "probable" suggests a higher likelihood than "possible," "possible" is the closest given option for meaning.

Question 13. prediction
(a) statement
(b) announcement
(c) forecast
(d) declaration
Answer: (c) forecast
In simple words: A "prediction" is a statement about what will happen in the future, just like a "forecast."

Exam Tip: "Prediction" and "forecast" both involve estimating future events based on current information.

Question 14. perceive
(a) misunderstand
(b) understand
(c) perform
(d) conform
Answer: (b) understand
In simple words: To "perceive" means to become aware or conscious of something, often leading to "understand" it.

Exam Tip: "Perceive" involves sensing and interpreting, making "understand" its closest cognitive synonym.

Question 15. evaluate
(a) assess
(b) raise
(c) lift
(d) fail
Answer: (a) assess
In simple words: To "evaluate" means to judge or estimate the value of something, which is to "assess" it.

Exam Tip: "Evaluate" implies a judgment of worth or quality, synonymous with "assess."

Question 16. choose
(a) offer
(b) attend
(c) give
(d) select
Answer: (d) select
In simple words: To "choose" means to pick out from a number of alternatives, which is to "select."

Exam Tip: "Choose" and "select" are direct synonyms, both involving making a decision among options.

Question 17. alternative
(a) attentive
(b) competitive
(c) option
(d) repetitive
Answer: (c) option
In simple words: An "alternative" is another possibility or choice, which means it is an "option."

Exam Tip: Recognize "alternative" as a term for a different choice or possibility, making "option" the best fit.

Question 18. ridiculous
(a) silly
(b) serious
(c) sober
(d) genuine
Answer: (a) silly
In simple words: "Ridiculous" means deserving or inviting mockery, implying something foolish or "silly."

Exam Tip: "Ridiculous" denotes something absurd or laughable, directly matching "silly."

Question 19. permit
(a) legal
(b) allow
(c) challenge
(d) question
Answer: (b) allow
In simple words: To "permit" means to give authorization or consent, which is to "allow" something.

Exam Tip: Both "permit" and "allow" grant permission for an action to take place.

Question 20. conflict
(a) agreement
(b) respect
(c) clash
(d) confidence
Answer: (c) clash
In simple words: A "conflict" is a serious disagreement or argument, synonymous with a "clash."

Exam Tip: "Conflict" often refers to opposition or discord, directly matching "clash" as a synonym for disagreement.

Question 21. assume
(a) appear
(b) dress
(c) guess
(d) wear
Answer: (c) guess
In simple words: To "assume" means to take something for granted or suppose without proof, which is to "guess."

Exam Tip: "Assume" involves forming a belief based on little evidence, similar to making an educated "guess."

Question 22. offend
(a) hurt
(b) offer
(c) append
(d) add
Answer: (a) hurt
In simple words: To "offend" means to cause someone to feel upset or annoyed, essentially to "hurt" their feelings.

Exam Tip: "Offend" implies causing displeasure or injury to feelings, closely related to "hurt."

Question 23. emphasize
(a) load
(b) stress
(c) burden
(d) lend
Answer: (b) stress
In simple words: To "emphasize" means to give special importance or prominence to something, which is to "stress" it.

Exam Tip: Both "emphasize" and "stress" mean to highlight or give importance to a particular point.

Question 24. primary
(a) tiny
(b) small
(c) secondary
(d) main
Answer: (d) main
In simple words: "Primary" means first in order or importance, making "main" its closest synonym.

Exam Tip: "Primary" indicates something fundamental or chief, directly matching "main" in significance.

Question 25. burden
(a) money
(b) loan
(c) load
(d) bag
Answer: (c) load
In simple words: A "burden" is a heavy load or a responsibility that causes difficulty, similar to a "load."

Exam Tip: "Burden" implies a weight, either physical or metaphorical, aligning with "load."

Question 26. genuinely
(a) faithfully
(b) truly
(c) rightly
(d) wrongly
Answer: (b) truly
In simple words: "Genuinely" means in a truly or sincerely way, which is synonymous with "truly."

Exam Tip: Both "genuinely" and "truly" convey authenticity and sincerity.

Information Please Summary in Gujarati

ભાષાંતર મોટા ભાગના લોકો માટે વિચારવાની પ્રવૃત્તિ પીડાદાયક હોય છે. કેટલાક લોકો તેમના દૈનિક જીવનમાં વિચારવાનું ટાળે છે. આપણે તેમને ‘નિરુત્સાહી' કહીએ છીએ. તમે બુદ્ધિશાળી ના હો તોપણ યોગ્ય માનસિક કૌશલ્યોનો ઉપયોગ કરી એક પ્રતિભા સંપન્ન વ્યક્તિ તરીકેની ભૂમિકા ભજવી શકો. ઇંગ્લેન્ડની કેમ્બ્રિજ યુનિવર્સિટીના મેડિસિન્સના પ્રાધ્યાપક અને મનોચિકિત્સક ડૉ. ઍડવર્ડ ડી બોનોએ તમારી વિચારવાની શક્તિ સુધારવા માટે કેટલાંક ચરણો સૂચવ્યાં હતાં. તેઓ માને છે કે : દૈનિક જીવનમાં કેટલીક સમસ્યાઓ ઉકેલવામાં વિચાર કૌશલ્યો ઉપયોગી થાય છે – અને દરેક જણ તે કેળવી શકે.” તેમણે સૂચવેલાં સાત ચરણો અહીં આપ્યાં છે.

(1) Plus-Minus, Interesting (PMI): તમારી દષ્ટિને સીમિત કર્યા વિના પરિસ્થિતિને સમજવી, એ સારી રીતે વિચારવાનું પહેલું ચરણ છે. આ પ્રયોગ કરી જુઓ. રૂમમાં આસપાસ લાલ વસ્તુઓ જુઓ, (આટલું કર્યા સિવાય આગળ વાંચવું નહિ.) હવે તમારી આંખો બંધ કરો અને સ્વાગત પૂછો કે અહીં લીલા રંગની કેટલી વસ્તુઓ છે.

ફરી વાર જુઓ. આશ્ચર્ય થયું? તમે લાલ (વસ્તુઓ) પર ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત કર્યું. તેથી તમે બીજા રંગોની વસ્તુઓનો વિચાર કર્યો નહિ, વિચારનું પણ એવું જ છે. આપણામાંના ઘણાખરા જ્યારે કોઈ નવા વિચાર કે સમસ્યાના નવા સમાધાન વિશે સાંભળીએ છીએ, ત્યારે આપણો પહેલો પ્રતિભાવ તે ગમે છે કે નથી ગમતો તે હોય છે. પછી તે વિચારને પુષ્ટિ આપવા આપણે બુદ્ધિનો ઉપયોગ કરીએ છીએ.

આ જાળમાંથી છૂટવાનો સહેલો માર્ગ PMા કરવામાં છે. એકાએક રજૂ થયેલા વિચાર વિશે સામાન્ય રીતે કોઈ પોતાનો પ્રતિભાવ આપે છે. PMIનો ઉપયોગ કરી તમારી સ્કૂલ વિશે વિચારો. તેમાં દરેક સારા-નરસા ગુણ તેમજ જે ગુણો સારા-નરસા નથી પણ રસપ્રદ છે તેવા ગુણોની યાદી કરવામાં ત્રણેક મિનિટ લો.

PMlનો હેતુ આપણા વિચારોને ખુલ્લા કરી તેને વિશાળ પરિપ્રેક્ષ્યમાં મૂકવાનો છે. તે આપણને આપણા પોતાના પૂર્વગ્રહોનાં બંધનમાંથી મુક્ત કરે છે. એ જ વાતને બીજી રીતે મૂકીએ તો : PMI (આપણી) દષ્ટિનો વ્યાપ વિસ્તાર છે; માત્ર લાલ વસ્તુઓ જ જોવામાંથી આપણને ઉગારે છે.

(2) Considering All Factors (CAF): કોઈ પણ નિર્ણય કરવામાં તમામ સંબંધિત પરિસ્થિતિ વિશે વિચાર કરવામાં આ ચરણનો ઉપયોગ થાય. ધારી લો કે તમે નવી સ્કૂલ-બૅગ ખરીદવાનું વિચારો છો ? CAનો ઉપયોગ કરી કદ, કિમત, સગવડ અને એવી બીજી ગૌણ ચીજો જેવી કે તેના પરનાં સ્ટિકર્સ, ઝિપ(બંધ કરવાની ચેઇન)ના રંગો વગેરેનો વિચાર કરો.

(3) Consequences & Sequel (C&S): આપણી ક્રિયાઓનાં પરિણામોની કલ્પના કરવાની આપણી ક્ષમતામાં આપણે પ્રાણીઓથી જુદાં પડીએ છીએ. (આ ક્ષમતાનો) પદ્ધતિસરનો ઉપયોગ કરવાનું શીખીને આપણી ક્ષમતાને આપણે સારી રીતે સુધારી શકીએ. 2 બોનોની ટેનિક પ્રમાણે કોઈ પણ નિર્ણયના સંભવિત પરિણામની ધારણા ભવિષ્યના ચાર અલગ અલગ સમયમાં કરવાની હોય છે.

તાત્કાલિક અને ટૂંક સમય (1થી 5 વર્ષો), મધ્યમ સમય (5થી 25) અને લાંબો સમય (25 વર્ષ ઉપર) આ બનો સ્વગત પૂછો : “દુનિયામાંથી તેલ ખલાસ થઈ જાય તો? અથવા કારખાનામાં કામદારોનું સ્થાન વીજાણુ રોબૉટ લઈ લે તો?પરિણામોની કલ્પના કરો.

તાત્કાલિક અસર પરની તમારી આગાહી જોઈ તમને આશ્ચર્ય થાય છે? હવે લાંબા સમયગાળાના નિર્ણયો લેવાની કલ્પના કરી જુઓ, થોડા જ વખતમાં તમે તમારા જીવનમાં નિર્ણયો લેવાની પદ્ધતિનો ઉપયોગ કરતા શીખી જશો.

(4) Aims, Goals, Objectives (AGO): અમુક વસ્તુ તમે શા માટે કરો છો તેના પર તમે કદી વિચાર કરો છો? ઘણી વાર આપણાં ધ્યેયો છૂપાં અથવા જેના વિશે વિચાર્યું ના હોય તેવા હોય છે. અમુક ચોક્કસ વસ્તુઓ કરવાનાં કારણોની યાદી બનાવવાની ટેવ પાડો. જો તમે તમારા ધ્યેયો નક્કી કરો તો તેઓ તમને સમસ્યાના રચનાત્મક ઉકેલ તરફ લઈ જશે.

(5) First Important Priorities (FIP) : ચરણ 1થી 4માં તમે વિચારેલી વિવિધ સંભાવનાઓનું મૂલ્યાંકન કરી પસંદગી કરવામાં આ ચરણ ઉપયોગી થશે. માની લો કે કોઈ તમારી પાસેથી પૈસા ઉછીના લેવા માગે છે. બધાં પાસાંનો વિચાર કરી ત્રણ મહત્ત્વનાં પાસાને પસંદ કરો. પહેલી પ્રાથમિકતા આ હોવી જોઈએ : "તે (પૈસા) ક્યારે પાછા ચૂકવાશે?, “ઉછીના લેનાર પર તમે વિશ્વાસ રાખી શકો?”, “પૈસા તેને શા માટે જોઈએ છે?” મહત્ત્વના પાસાને ઓળખી કાઢી તેના પર વિચાર કરો.

(6) Alternative, Possibilities, Choices (APC) : એડિસને વીજળીના બલ્બના ફિલામેન્ટની શોધ કરવામાં બૂચ, માછલી પકડવાનો તાર અને ડામર સહિત હજારો અનપેક્ષિત પદાર્થોને અજમાવી જોયેલા. તમારી સામાન્ય વિચાર કરવાની પદ્ધતિના ક્ષેત્ર બહાર સંભાવનાઓ શોધવી એ વિકલ્પો શોધવાની ચાવી છે. “સાહસિક રીતે” વિચારતાં શીખો. અવ્યવહારુ અથવા હાસ્યાસ્પદ લાગતી સંભાવનાઓ સહિત દરેક પ્રકારની સંભાવનાઓની કલ્પના કરો. તમારા મનને મુક્તપણે વિહરવા દો અને તે જે આપે તે સ્વીકારી લો.

(7) Other's Point of View (OPV): બીજા સાથેના સંઘર્ષથી સમસ્યાઓ સર્જાય છે. બીજાની દૃષ્ટિએ તમે પરિસ્થિતિ સમજવાનો પ્રયત્ન કરશો તો તમે તેનો ઉકેલ સારી રીતે શોધી શકશો. ધારી લો કે તમે એક વેપારી પાસેથી મોબાઇલ ખરીદો છો. આ વેપારીએ જાતે જ કોઈ એક ચોક્કસ મૉડલ ખરીદવા તમને સૂચવ્યું. ગમે તેમ પણ તે બરાબર ચાલતું નથી. તમે બે વસ્તુ કરી શકો : તમે એ ખામીવાળું મૉડલ પાછું આપી તમારા પૈસા પાછા આપવા માગણી કરો અથવા તમે તમારી જાતને તેની જગાએ મૂકો.

જો તમે પૈસા માગશો તો વેપારીને દુઃખ થશે. પણ તમે જો તેનું સ્વાભિમાનને અસર પહોંચાડી શકો તો શક્ય છે કે તે કિંમતનો તફાવત લીધાં સિવાય તમને એક વધુ સારો મોબાઇલ બદલામાં આપશે. તમે કહેવત તો સાંભળી હશે કે; “સરકા કરતાં મધથી તમે વધુ માખી

યાદશક્તિ સુધારવાની સાત રીતો યાદશક્તિ સુધારી શકાય કે..? અલબત્ત, હા. સામાન્ય બુદ્ધિ ધરાવતી કોઈ પણ વ્યક્તિ યાદશક્તિ સુધારી શકે. યાદશક્તિ સુધારવી એટલે આપણને જીવનમાં થયેલા અનુભવોની છાપ દઢ કરવી. તમારી છાપ જેટલી સ્પષ્ટ અને તમારો માનસિક ભંડાર જેટલો સુઘડ હશે, તેટલું યાદ રાખવું સરળ હશે. આ છે તેનાં સાત પગલાં.

(1) પુનરાવર્તન : પુનરાવર્તન એ યાદ કરવાની મૂળભૂત પણ સૌથી ઓછી રસપ્રદ રીત છે. તમારામાં વારંવાર પુનરાવર્તન કરવાની ધીરજ હોય તો તમે કંઈ પણ શીખી શકો અને તેને યાદ રાખી શકો.

(2) જ્ઞાનેન્દ્રિયોનો ઉપયોગ શક્ય તેટલી વધુ જ્ઞાનેન્દ્રિયોનો ઉપયોગ તમને યાદ કરવામાં મદદરૂપ થશે. જો તમે એક સફરજન જુઓ