Frank Brothers Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 13 Health

Chapter 13. Health

Solution 1:
Answer: 1. Disease: Any physical or physiological disorder in normal functioning of any organ or part of body is called disease.
2. Health: Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being.
3. Vaccinations: It is the practice of introducing vaccine (weakened or killed germs) into the body to develop immunity to a particular disease.
4. Immunity: It is the ability of the body to resist microorganisms that enter the body and thus prevent diseases.
5. Antiseptic: Antiseptics are chemicals applied on the body to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
6. Cancer: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.
7. Allergy: Allergy is a hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen such as drugs, pollens or microorganisms.
8. Hypersensitivity: It refers to undesirable and excessive reactions in response to an allergen produced by the normal immune system.
9. Immunization: It is the process by which the body is protected against disease by inoculating the person with vaccine.
10. Disinfectant: Disinfectants are chemicals applied on the spots to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
11. Penicillin: It is an antibiotic which was discovered firstly from a fungus, Penicillium notatum.
12. Sulphonamide drugs: Sulphonamide drugs are a group of synthetic drugs which prevent the growth and multiplication of bacteria. They are commonly called as sulpha drugs.
13. Acquired disease: Acquired diseases are those diseases which are caused by a pathogen or deficiency diseases.
14. Prophylaxis: A prophylaxis is a measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.
15. Antibiotic: Antibiotics are the chemical substances formed from microorganisms which kill or prevent the growth of disease causing microbes.
In simple words: These are important terms related to health and disease - like how diseases happen, how we can prevent them, and what medicines help us fight germs.

📝 Teacher's Note: Start with familiar examples for each term - like cuts getting infected (antiseptic), getting flu shots (vaccination), and taking medicines (antibiotics). Build connections between related terms like immunity and vaccination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the exact definitions as written - examiners look for specific keywords like "weakened or killed germs" for vaccines and "chemical substances from microorganisms" for antibiotics.

Solution 2:
Answer:

In simple words: These comparisons show the differences between important health concepts - like how antigens are foreign invaders and antibodies are our body's defenders, or how vaccines help us build our own immunity while readymade antibodies give us temporary protection.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use simple analogies - antigens are like uninvited guests, antibodies are like security guards. Active immunity is like learning to fight, passive immunity is like borrowing someone's bodyguard.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn these pairs together and focus on the key distinguishing words - "own body" vs "from outside" for active vs passive immunity, "applied on body" vs "applied on spots" for antiseptic vs disinfectant.

Solution 3:
Answer: Artificial Respiration: It is a method of first-aid used to restore or maintain respiration in a person who has stopped breathing. The method uses mechanical or manual means to force air into and out of the lungs in a rhythmic fashion.
In simple words: It's a life-saving technique to help someone breathe when they can't do it on their own, like giving mouth-to-mouth or using machines to push air in and out of their lungs.

📝 Teacher's Note: Demonstrate the rhythmic pattern and emphasize this is an emergency technique. Connect to CPR training and stress the importance of calling emergency services first.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key phrases to include: "first-aid," "restore or maintain respiration," "mechanical or manual means," and "rhythmic fashion."

Solution 4:
Answer: DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus.
In simple words: DPT is a combination vaccine that protects against three serious diseases at once - diphtheria (throat infection), pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus (muscle stiffness from cuts).

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that this is a common childhood vaccine and why combination vaccines are more convenient than separate shots for each disease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the full forms in the same order: D-P-T stands for Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus.

Solution 5:
Answer: Antigens, that cannot stimulate the immune system of the body of a person, are called haptene.
In simple words: Haptenes are like weak antigens that are too small to trigger the body's immune response on their own.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that haptenes need to attach to larger molecules to become effective antigens. This is an advanced concept that connects to allergies and drug reactions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key phrase: "antigens that cannot stimulate the immune system" equals haptene.

Solution 6:
Answer: The three germ killing secretions of our body are:
1. Mucus secretions from windpipe
2. Hydrochloric secretions from stomach
3. Tears from eyes
In simple words: Our body has natural germ-killers - slimy mucus traps germs in our throat, stomach acid kills germs we swallow, and tears wash germs away from our eyes.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect this to students' daily experiences - why we cough up mucus when sick, why our stomach doesn't get infected from food, and why we cry when something gets in our eyes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three locations: windpipe (mucus), stomach (hydrochloric acid), eyes (tears).

Solution 7:
Answer: BCG stands for: Bacillus Calmette Guerin.
In simple words: BCG is a vaccine against tuberculosis, named after the two scientists (Calmette and Guerin) who developed it from a weakened tuberculosis bacteria.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that this vaccine is given to babies to protect against tuberculosis, and the name honors the scientists who created it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember: B for Bacillus, C for Calmette, G for Guerin.

Solution 8:
Answer:
1. Antiseptic: Antiseptic are mild chemical applied on the body to kill the microorganisms. Example: Halogens (I)
2. Antibiotic: Antibiotic is a natural chemical substance produced by a microorganism, which inhibits or kills another microorganism. Example: Penicillin
In simple words: Antiseptics are gentle chemicals we put on cuts and wounds to kill germs, while antibiotics are natural germ-fighters made by helpful microorganisms that we take as medicine.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the difference - antiseptics are external (on skin), antibiotics are internal (taken as medicine). Show examples like iodine vs penicillin tablets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key differences: antiseptics are "applied on body" and "mild," antibiotics are "produced by microorganisms" and taken internally.

Solution 9:
Answer:
1. Passive acquired immunity
2. Antiseptics
In simple words: The answers are passive acquired immunity (getting ready-made antibodies) and antiseptics (germ-killing chemicals for skin).

📝 Teacher's Note: These appear to be fill-in-the-blank answers. Ensure students understand the context of each term.

🎯 Exam Tip: Without seeing the questions, focus on understanding these key concepts thoroughly for any context they might appear in.

Solution 10:
Answer: antibiotic
In simple words: The answer is antibiotic - a medicine that fights bacterial infections.

📝 Teacher's Note: This appears to be a one-word answer. Review the context where antibiotics would be the correct response.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Antibiotic" is often the answer when discussing medicines that fight bacterial infections or substances produced by microorganisms.

Solution 11:
Answer: Antiseptics are the chemical substances applied on the body to destroy or prevent the growth of microbes. It is harmless to skin and body. For example Alcohols, halogens can be used as antiseptic on skin.
In simple words: Antiseptics are safe chemicals we put on our skin to kill germs without hurting us - like alcohol or iodine on a cut.

📝 Teacher's Note: Demonstrate with common examples like hand sanitizer (alcohol) and iodine solution. Stress that these are safe for skin contact unlike stronger disinfectants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include key points: "applied on body," "destroy or prevent growth," "harmless to skin," and give examples like alcohols or halogens.

Solution 12:
Answer: The two international health organisations are: WHO and Red Cross.
In simple words: WHO (World Health Organization) makes global health policies, while Red Cross provides emergency medical help during disasters worldwide.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain WHO's role in disease monitoring and Red Cross's role in disaster relief. Connect to current events like pandemic responses or natural disaster aid.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two major ones: WHO (policy and monitoring) and Red Cross (emergency aid and disaster relief).

Solution 13:
Answer: Vaccination: It is the practice of artificially introducing the germs or the germ substances into the body for developing resistance to particular disease.
In simple words: Vaccination is giving someone a shot containing weakened or dead germs so their body learns to fight that disease before getting the real infection.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain how vaccines "train" the immune system like a practice session before the real game. Use familiar examples like flu shots or childhood vaccines.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key phrases: "artificially introducing," "germs or germ substances," and "developing resistance to particular disease."

Solution 14:
Answer:
1. Disinfectants: Disinfectants are chemicals applied on the spots to prevent the growth of microorganisms. It is a strong germ-killing substance. But it may cause harm to skin and body. Example: Lysol, DDT etc.
2. Penicillin: Penicillin is the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming. It is obtained from Penicillium notatum. It has a very high therapeutic value and used against a number of gram positive bacteria including those causing Rheumatic fever, pneumonia, sore throat etc.
3. Sulphonamides: Sulphonamides popularly called sulpha drugs are a group of synthetic drugs which possess bacteriostatic property because they are able to block the enzyme system of bacteria.
4. Vaccines: Vaccine is a preparation consisting of dead or weakened microbes which help to build immunity in the human body. When introduced in an individual, a vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies against the particular type of germs.
In simple words: These are four important health tools - disinfectants clean surfaces but are too strong for skin, penicillin was the first wonder antibiotic, sulpha drugs stop bacteria from growing, and vaccines teach our bodies to fight specific diseases.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect these concepts by showing how they work at different stages - vaccines prevent disease, antibiotics treat bacterial infections, and disinfectants clean the environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each term, remember the key distinguishing feature: disinfectants (strong, not for body), penicillin (first antibiotic, from fungus), sulphonamides (synthetic, bacteriostatic), vaccines (dead/weakened microbes, build immunity).

Solution 15:
Answer:
1. proteins that react with antigens or invading germs
2. antigen
3. Penicillin, rheumatic fever
In simple words: The answers are antibodies (proteins that fight germs), antigen (foreign substances), and penicillin treats rheumatic fever.

📝 Teacher's Note: These appear to be fill-in-the-blank answers. Review the complete sentences with students to ensure understanding of context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key relationships: antibodies fight antigens, and penicillin treats various bacterial diseases including rheumatic fever.

Solution 16:
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. True
In simple words: These are true/false answers for statements about health and immunity concepts.

📝 Teacher's Note: Review each statement with students to understand why each answer is true or false. This reinforces key concepts through verification.

🎯 Exam Tip: For true/false questions, read each statement carefully and verify against your knowledge of definitions and concepts.

Solution 17:
Answer:
1. (a) Plasma Protein
2. (b) destroy micro-organisms
3. (a) I
4. (c) Jenner
5. (c) Tuberculosis
6. (d) 1985
7. (b) eradicating Polio by 2000.
8. (c) diphtheria
9. (b) virus
10. (c) Small Pox
In simple words: These multiple choice answers cover important health facts like Jenner discovering vaccination, tuberculosis vaccine (BCG), and various disease-related information.

📝 Teacher's Note: Review each answer with historical context - Jenner's smallpox vaccine was the first vaccination, BCG protects against tuberculosis, and WHO has campaigns against various diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key historical facts: Jenner (vaccination pioneer), BCG (tuberculosis), WHO campaigns (polio eradication), and common antiseptics (iodine).