Frank Brothers Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 14 Health Organisations

Page No: 169

Solution 1:
Answer:
1. Diphtheria, tetanus, malaria, typhoid, rabies etc are diseases caused by pathogens.
2. Heart disease, Osteoporosis (bones), Parkinson's disease (CNS) etc are examples of degenerative diseases.
3. Asthma, hay fever, skin allergies are diseases caused by hypersensitivity.
4. Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Beriberi are diseases caused due to malnutrition.
5. WHO, the World Health Organization, promotes medical education and training.
In simple words: Different diseases are caused by different things - some by germs, some by body parts wearing out, some by allergies, and some by not eating properly.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use examples students can relate to - compare pathogens to invisible invaders, degenerative diseases to machines wearing out over time, and malnutrition to a car running without proper fuel.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the disease categories: pathogens (germs), degenerative (aging/wearing out), hypersensitivity (allergies), malnutrition (poor diet). WHO promotes medical education.

Solution 2:
Answer:
1. WHO: It stands for World Health Organizations. This organization was formed in 1948. Its headquarter is at Geneva in Switzerland. WHO has more than 135 member states, each of which contributes to its annual budget according to the proportion it can pay. It controls the international projects to eliminate diseases. The form of assistance given by WHO includes providing information regarding epidemic warnings, fighting major diseases, taking care of maternal and child health, improving sanitation and water supplies etc.

2. Red Cross: It is an international body founded in 1864 to provide medical aid during emergency conditions such as war. The emblem of Red Cross is a red coloured cross painted on a white background. It provides medical help to the victims of war and natural calamities in the form of blood and first-aid. Red Cross also organizes workshops to educate people on prevention of accidents.

3. The functions of WHO are:
• It promotes medical education and training to all the countries.
• It collects information and supplies information about the health, epidemic and endemic diseases all over the world.
• It encourages research and development of international pharmaceutical products.
• It suggests quarantine measures to prevent epidemics like plague, cholera etc.
• WHO also finance international research programmes on health like eradication of malaria, smallpox etc.

4. Quarantine regulations: Quarantine is the limitation on the freedom of movement of an individual or any material so as to prevent spread of contagious diseases. The suspected person or material is detained at the port of entry to prevent disease from entering a country. These quarantine regulations are laid down by WHO and they also decide the validity period of vaccination certificates.

5. Radiation hazards: X-rays and radiations from atomic energy are harmful to all living organisms as they can cause burns, cancer or even death. To prevent this, WHO keeps all countries informed and up-to-date about radiation hazards and gives particular attention to the training of workers who can deal with these hazards.
In simple words: WHO is like a global health police that helps all countries fight diseases together, while Red Cross is like emergency doctors who help during disasters and wars.

📝 Teacher's Note: Draw parallels between WHO and a school health committee, and Red Cross with school first-aid teams. This helps students understand their roles in familiar contexts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key facts: WHO formed 1948, Geneva headquarters, Red Cross formed 1864, red cross symbol. Focus on their main purposes - WHO for global health coordination, Red Cross for emergency aid.

Solution 3:
Answer: WHO stands for: World Health Organization.
In simple words: WHO is the world's main organization that takes care of health matters globally.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize that WHO is the health branch of the United Nations, making it easier for students to remember its global importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Write the full form clearly - "World Health Organization" - don't abbreviate any part of it.

Solution 4:
Answer: The two functions of the WHO are:
1. To provide information on diseases of epidemic nature.
2. To provide quarantine measures for prevention of spread of diseases.
In simple words: WHO tells countries about dangerous disease outbreaks and helps stop diseases from spreading by controlling who can travel where.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect this to recent COVID-19 experiences where WHO provided global updates and countries implemented travel restrictions - students will easily understand these functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on WHO's role in information sharing and disease prevention through quarantine - these are key examination points.

Solution 5:
Answer: The two activities of Red Cross are:
1. To provide medical aid and relief to the victims of natural calamities.
2. To provide blood to the victims of war.
In simple words: Red Cross helps people during emergencies like earthquakes or floods, and provides blood during wars when people are injured.

📝 Teacher's Note: Relate to local disaster response teams and blood donation drives that students may have witnessed in their communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Red Cross deals with emergencies - natural disasters and war situations. Blood provision and medical aid are their key activities.

Solution 6:
Answer:
1. hypersensitivity
2. antibiotic
3. deficiency
In simple words: These are medical terms - hypersensitivity means being extra sensitive to something, antibiotic fights germs, and deficiency means lacking something important.

📝 Teacher's Note: Give simple examples: hypersensitivity like allergic reactions to peanuts, antibiotics like medicines that kill bacteria, deficiency like not having enough vitamins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn these medical terms by understanding their meanings rather than memorizing spellings alone.

Solution 7:
Answer: Diabetes and Beriberi are two non-communicable diseases.
In simple words: These diseases cannot spread from one person to another - diabetes affects blood sugar and beriberi is caused by vitamin deficiency.

📝 Teacher's Note: Contrast with communicable diseases like cold or flu that spread easily. Non-communicable diseases are usually lifestyle-related or genetic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Non-communicable diseases don't spread between people - they're usually caused by diet, genetics, or lifestyle factors.

Solution 8:
Answer: The two International health organizations are: WHO (World Health Organization) and Red Cross.
In simple words: These are the two main organizations that work across all countries to help with health problems and emergencies.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that these organizations work beyond national boundaries, unlike local hospitals or health departments that work within one country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always write the full form of WHO in brackets when mentioning it as an international health organization.

Solution 9:
Answer: Following are the reasons for the formation of WHO:
World health Organization is a health organization which works at international level to remove sufferings, promote proper growth and development of children. It was formed with the purpose of coordinating and directing international health work.
In simple words: WHO was created because health problems affect all countries, so they needed one organization to coordinate global health efforts and help children grow healthy worldwide.

📝 Teacher's Note: Compare to how schools coordinate activities - WHO coordinates health activities between countries to prevent diseases from spreading globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize WHO's coordinating role and focus on international cooperation in health matters.

Page No: 170

Solution 10:
Answer: WHO was established in 1948.
In simple words: WHO was created in 1948, right after World War II when countries realized they needed to work together on health issues.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect this to post-WWII reconstruction efforts when international cooperation became important for rebuilding the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year 1948 - it's exactly 3 years after World War II ended in 1945.

Solution 11:
Answer: The headquarters of WHO are located at Geneva in Switzerland.
In simple words: WHO's main office is in Geneva, a city in Switzerland where many international organizations have their headquarters.

📝 Teacher's Note: Mention that Geneva is known as the "International City" because many global organizations are based there, making it easier for countries to interact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Geneva, Switzerland - remember Switzerland is neutral in conflicts, making it ideal for international headquarters.

Solution 12:
Answer: The full form of UNO is United Nations Organization.
In simple words: UNO is the big organization where all countries come together to solve world problems, and WHO is one part of it that handles health issues.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that WHO is a specialized agency of the UN, like how different subjects have different teachers in school.

🎯 Exam Tip: UNO and UN mean the same thing - United Nations Organization. WHO works under the UN system.

Solution 13:
Answer: The three common diseases prevalent in India are Tuberculosis, Malaria and Dengue.
In simple words: These are three diseases that affect many people in India - TB affects lungs, malaria is spread by mosquitoes, and dengue is also from mosquitoes.

📝 Teacher's Note: Relate to local health campaigns students may have seen - anti-mosquito drives, TB awareness programs, vaccination campaigns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember these three diseases are common in tropical countries like India due to climate and population density.

Solution 14:
Answer: The two common water-borne diseases are Jaundice and Cholera.
In simple words: These diseases spread through contaminated water - drinking dirty water can cause these illnesses.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the importance of drinking clean water and proper sanitation to prevent these diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Water-borne diseases come from contaminated water sources - always link them to poor sanitation and water quality.

Solution 15:
Answer: The two common air-borne diseases are Common cold and Whooping cough.
In simple words: These diseases spread through the air when infected people cough or sneeze, and others breathe in the germs.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect to recent experiences with COVID-19 precautions like masks and social distancing to explain airborne transmission.

🎯 Exam Tip: Air-borne diseases spread through respiratory droplets - coughing, sneezing, talking can transmit these diseases.

Solution 16:
Answer: The two common venereal diseases are AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) and Syphilis.
In simple words: These are diseases that spread through intimate contact between people and affect the immune system and other body parts.

📝 Teacher's Note: Handle this topic sensitively, focusing on the medical aspects and importance of awareness for prevention.

🎯 Exam Tip: Venereal diseases are sexually transmitted diseases. Always write the full form of AIDS in exams.

Solution 17:
Answer:
1. (b) 1948
2. (c) April 7
3. (c) 1981
4. (b) NCCP
5. (d) Geneva
6. (b) 1864
7. (d) All of these
8. (b) Tuberculosis
9. (a) Typhoid
10. (d) (a) and (c)
In simple words: These are multiple choice answers covering WHO establishment dates, locations, disease types, and health organization facts.

📝 Teacher's Note: Review each answer with students, ensuring they understand why each option is correct based on the chapter content.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice key dates and facts: WHO-1948, Red Cross-1864, Geneva headquarters, April 7 is World Health Day.