Frank Brothers Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 12 Human Population

Solution 1:
Answer:
1. Population: It is the total number of individuals of a species found in a particular area.
2. Sanitation: It refers to the formulation and application of measures intended to protect public health.
3. Deforestation: It is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from an area and thereafter that area is converted to a no forest use.
4. Birth control: It is an attempt to control the number of births in a family so that a couple may not have more than two children.
5. Rhythm method: It is a natural method of birth control in which the couple attempts sexual intercourse a week before and a week after the menstrual cycle.
6. Abstinence: It is the act or practice of refraining from sexual intercourse.
7. Test-Tube baby: A test tube baby is one which is developed from an egg that was fertilized outside the body and then implanted in the uterus of the biological or surrogate mother.
8. Birth rate: It is the total number of live births per thousand people of the population per year.
9. Death rate: It is the number of deaths per thousand people of the population per year.
10. Population density: It is the total number of individuals of a particular species in relation to unit area at any given time.
11. Natality: It is the number of live births per thousand people of the population per year.
In simple words: These are key terms related to human population - like how many people live in an area, birth and death rates, and ways to control population growth.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use real examples from your local area to explain population density. Have students calculate birth rates using simple numbers to make the concept concrete before introducing the per-thousand formula.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn these definitions word-for-word as they often appear in short answer questions worth 2-3 marks each.

Solution 2:
Answer: Growth rate
In simple words: This refers to how fast a population is increasing or decreasing over time.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect growth rate to everyday examples like how a school's student population changes year by year to make it relatable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Growth rate questions often ask for calculations, so practice the formula: Growth rate = (Birth rate - Death rate).

Solution 3:
Answer: Demography
In simple words: This is the study of human populations - their size, growth, and characteristics.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that demography is like taking a census - counting and studying people in different areas to understand population patterns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that demography combines "demo" (people) + "graphy" (study) for easy recall in one-word answers.

Solution 4:
Answer: The two important methods for birth control are:
1. Vasectomy
2. Tubectomy
In simple words: These are surgical procedures to prevent pregnancy - vasectomy is for men and tubectomy is for women.

📝 Teacher's Note: Approach this topic sensitively and focus on the scientific aspects. Emphasize these are medical procedures done by trained doctors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always specify which procedure is for which gender to get full marks - vasectomy for males, tubectomy for females.

Solution 5:
Answer: The two reasons for the rapid increase of population in India recently:
1. Advancement of science and technology
2. Better health care facilities
In simple words: Better medicines and healthcare mean fewer people die, so population grows faster even with the same birth rate.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use examples like vaccination programs and improved hospitals to show how medical advances reduce death rates without affecting birth rates initially.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how these factors reduce death rate rather than increase birth rate - this distinction often appears in exam questions.

Solution 6:
Answer: The age restrictions for marriages by law for boys and girls in India are:
Boys: 21 years
Girls: 18 years
In simple words: The government has set minimum ages for marriage to ensure people are mature enough and to help control population growth.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that these age limits help ensure physical and emotional maturity, and also contribute to population control by delaying the start of families.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the exact ages - 21 for boys, 18 for girls. This is a frequently asked factual question worth easy marks.

Solution 7:
Answer:
1. "Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population".
Population increases geometrically while food production is increasing arithmetically.
Rising population is putting heavy pressure on natural resources like water, land forest etc.
Fuel shortage is increasing day by day.
2. The three steps which may be taken towards controlling the rapid rise in human population in India are:
Education: People should be educated about the advantages of a small family.
Marriageable age: Population can be controlled by raising the age limit for marriage.
Family planning: Voluntary family planning using birth control measures and contraceptives can check the growth of population.
In simple words: Population grows much faster than our ability to produce food and resources, like having more mouths to feed but the same amount of food.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use Malthus's theory example - if population doubles every 25 years but food production grows linearly, there will be shortages. Draw simple graphs to illustrate this concept.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention both geometric (population) vs arithmetic (resources) growth when explaining resource pressure - this specific comparison gets full marks.

Solution 8:
Answer: The main drawbacks of a large population are that it may lead to shortage of basic resources like food, water, fuel etc without which life would become impossible. In addition, overcrowding can also cause epidemics, poverty, unemployment etc.
In simple words: Too many people means not enough resources for everyone, leading to problems like hunger, joblessness, and disease spread.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect this to current events and local examples of overcrowding. Discuss how cities face traffic, pollution, and housing shortages due to large populations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer into two parts - resource shortage and social problems - to cover all aspects and get maximum marks.

Solution 9:
Answer: The steps taken by the Indian government to control population are:
1. Establishment of health centers to advice and help people about family planning.
2. Free distribution of barrier contraceptives like condoms.
In simple words: The government provides free advice and materials to help families plan the number of children they want.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the voluntary nature of these programs and discuss how education and awareness are key components of population control strategies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both awareness (health centers) and practical support (free contraceptives) to show the government's comprehensive approach.

Solution 10:
Answer: The two advantages of a small family are:
1. Children can be provided with good health and good education along with the basic needs of life.
2. Living standards of the family can be high.
In simple words: With fewer children, parents can spend more money and time on each child, giving them better opportunities.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use the analogy of sharing a pizza - with fewer people, each person gets a bigger slice. This applies to family resources, attention, and opportunities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on quality vs quantity - better education, healthcare, and living standards are key points that examiners look for.

Solution 11:
Answer: Population explosion: The exceptionally high rate of population growth is known as Population explosion. The consequences of Population explosion may be overcrowding, shortage of resources like food, water, land, fuel etc. It can also result in unemployment, poverty, social unrest, epidemic, violence etc.
In simple words: Population explosion is when the number of people grows so fast that it causes serious problems like not having enough resources for everyone.

📝 Teacher's Note: Compare population explosion to a balloon being inflated too quickly - it eventually bursts. Help students understand the rapid, unsustainable nature of this growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always define population explosion first, then list consequences in two categories - resource-related and social problems.

Solution 12:
Answer: Population density: It is the number of people per square kilometer at any given time. Tubectomy is the operation made in women to prevent the flow of eggs into the oviduct.
In simple words: Population density tells us how crowded an area is, while tubectomy is a surgery to prevent women from having babies.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use examples of crowded vs sparse areas in your region to explain population density. For tubectomy, focus on the scientific mechanism without graphic details.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the unit for population density is "per square kilometer" - including the unit is essential for full marks.

Solution 13:
Answer: Following are the two reasons for the decline in death rate in India in recent times:
1. Advancement in the field of medical science which leads to reduced mortality rate.
2. Longevity provided by better food and health services.
In simple words: Better medicines and healthcare mean fewer people die from diseases, and people live longer due to good nutrition and medical care.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss specific examples like vaccination programs, antibiotics, and improved sanitation that have contributed to lower death rates in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect medical advancement to reduced mortality and better nutrition to increased longevity - this shows understanding of cause-effect relationships.

Solution 14:
Answer: The symbol of family welfare in our country is an 'Inverted Red Triangle'.
In simple words: India uses a red triangle pointing downward as the official symbol to represent family planning programs.

📝 Teacher's Note: Show students the actual symbol and explain how symbols help in campaigns, especially for people who cannot read. Discuss the psychological impact of colors and shapes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember it's "inverted" (upside down) and "red" triangle - both details are important for the complete answer.

Solution 15:
Answer: Family welfare centres are set up in hospitals and other health centres to advocate small families and to promote family welfare and planning. These centres advice people on issues such as family planning, gap between successive children etc without any cost.
In simple words: These centers are places where people can get free advice about family planning and spacing children properly.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the free and voluntary nature of these services. Discuss how proper spacing between children benefits both mother and child health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention three key aspects - location (hospitals), purpose (family planning advice), and cost (free) for a complete answer.

Solution 16:
Answer: Following are the methods of fertility control in men and women:
Men: Vasectomy is a method of fertility control in men. In this method, a small portion of vas deferens is cut and is tied at both the ends.
Women: Tubectomy is a method of fertility control in women in which the fallopian tubes are cut and are tied at both the ends.
In simple words: Both procedures work by cutting and blocking the tubes that carry reproductive cells - vas deferens in men and fallopian tubes in women.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use diagrams of the reproductive system to show where these procedures are performed. Emphasize that these are permanent methods requiring careful consideration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the anatomical structure involved for each gender - vas deferens for men, fallopian tubes for women - to get full marks.

Solution 17:
Answer: Tubectomy is the surgical method of contraception in human female.
In simple words: Tubectomy is a surgery performed on women to prevent pregnancy permanently.

📝 Teacher's Note: Clarify that this is a permanent method and explain why it's called "tubectomy" - "tube" refers to fallopian tubes and "ectomy" means surgical removal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember this is specifically for females and is a surgical method - both details are crucial for answering correctly.

Solution 18:
Answer:
1. Population density
2. Mortality
In simple words: These terms relate to how crowded an area is and the death rate in a population.

📝 Teacher's Note: Without seeing the original question, help students understand that population density measures crowding while mortality measures death rates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to distinguish between mortality (death rate) and natality (birth rate) as these are commonly confused terms.

Solution 19:
Answer: The resources cannot keep pace with the rising population because:
1. The demand of resources is much more than the supply. The population is growing at geometric progression (1, 2, 4, 8) while the production of food can increase only arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
2. New towns and cities coming up to accommodate the growing population are putting strain on the agricultural land.
In simple words: People multiply much faster than we can grow food, and we're also using farmland to build cities for the growing population.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use the numerical examples provided to show students the dramatic difference between geometric and arithmetic progression. Draw this on the board for visual impact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include the specific numerical examples (1,2,4,8 vs 1,2,3,4,5) to demonstrate understanding of geometric vs arithmetic progression.

Solution 20:
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
In simple words: These are true/false answers to statements about population concepts.

📝 Teacher's Note: Without the original statements, emphasize the importance of reading true/false questions carefully and understanding the exact meaning of each term.

🎯 Exam Tip: In true/false questions, look for absolute words like "always" or "never" which often make statements false, while moderate terms may indicate true statements.

Solution 21:
Answer:
1. 2011
2. Population density
3. females, males
4. two
5. Natality
6. Mortality
7. Age ratio
In simple words: These are fill-in-the-blank answers covering census year, population terms, and demographic concepts.

📝 Teacher's Note: Connect the 2011 census to current data and discuss how demographic information is collected and used for planning purposes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key facts like the last census year (2011) and standard demographic terms as these frequently appear in fill-in-the-blank questions.

Solution 22:
Answer:
A → Seminal vesicle
B → Vas deferens
C → Urethra
D → Testis
E → Scrotum
1. E → Scrotum
2. Vasectomy
3. Vas deferens
4. Tubectomy
5. The part which is ligated in females is Fallopian tube. This is done to prevent the flow of eggs into the oviduct and its fusion with the sperm.
In simple words: This shows parts of the male reproductive system and explains surgical procedures for birth control in both males and females.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use labeled diagrams to help students identify reproductive system parts. Connect anatomy to the function of each part in reproduction and contraception.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the exact names of reproductive parts as labeling diagrams is a common exam format. Remember the purpose of each surgical procedure.

Solution 23:
Answer:
1. (b) 20
2. (d) 35 years
3. (d) 7 billion
4. (c) 840 million
5. (c) biotic potential
6. (c) loss and gain are equal
7. (c) decrease in death rate and increase in longevity
8. (d) copper-T
9. (d) progesterone
10. (c) to prevent the presence of sperms in the semen
In simple words: These are multiple choice answers covering population statistics, demographic terms, and contraceptive methods.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss current global population figures and help students understand the scale of billions. Connect contraceptive methods to their mechanisms of action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn key population statistics and understand how different contraceptive methods work - this knowledge helps eliminate wrong options in MCQs.