CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Square of Opposition

Read and download CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Square of Opposition in NCERT book for Class 11 Other Subjects. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Other Subjects textbook for Class 11 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Other Subjects to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 11 Other Subjects Square Of Opposition

Class 11 Other Subjects students should refer to the following NCERT Book Square Of Opposition in Class 11. This NCERT Book for Class 11 Other Subjects will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Square Of Opposition NCERT Book Class 11

Square of Opposition

What is opposition of propositions?

Four categorical propositions A, E, I and O are related and at the same time different from each other. The relation among them is explained by a diagram called the "Square of Opposition". A, E, I and O propositions differ from one another to which the traditional logicians have given a name of 'opposition'. The following diagram shows that opposition:

Two categorical propositions are said to be opposite if they differ in:

1. Quantity

2. Quality

3. Both Quantity and Quality

The pair of AI and EO differs in quantity but not in quality. AI has same quality; both are affirmative but A is universal and I is particular. Similarly EO have same quality; both are negative but E is universal and O is particular. AE and IO differ in quality. Both AE are universal in quantity but A is affirmative and E is negative. Similarly both IO are particular; they have same quantity but I is affirmative and O is negative. The pairs AO and EI, however, differ both in quality and quantity.

Contrary propositions :

Universal affirmative A proposition, "All S is P" and universal negative E proposition, "No S is P" are related to each other by the contrary relation. The proposition "All basket ball players are tall" is contrary to "No basket ball players are tall". Similarly, "No lion is black" is contrary to "All lions are black".

Sub-contrary propositions :

Particular affirmative I proposition, "Some politicians are well read scholars" is related to O proposition, "Some politicians are not well read scholars" by sub-contrary relation. Similarly O proposition, "Some animals are not carnivorous" is related to I proposition, "Some animals are carnivorous" by sub-contrary relation.

Subaltern and superaltern propositions :

Universal affirmative A proposition, "All army generals are soldiers" is superaltern to I proposition, "Some army generals are soldiers". Similarly, E proposition, "No fish is mammal" is superaltern to O proposition, "Some fish are not mammals". But I is related to A by subaltern and similarly O is related to E by subaltern. "Some cats are mammals" is subaltern to "All cats are mammals." Similarly, "Some roses are not red things." is subaltern to "No roses are red things."

Contradictory propositions :

The universal affirmative A proposition, "All S is P" is related to particular negative O proposition, "Some S is not P" by contradictory relation. The contradictory of "All men are mortal" is "Some men are not mortal" and vice versa. The contradictory of E proposition, "No egg is red" is I proposition, "Some eggs are red".

1. "All S is P" is contrary to "No S is P" and vice versa.

2. "Some S is P" is sub-contrary to "Some S is not P" and vice versa.

3. (i) "All S is P" is contradictory to "Some S is not P" and vice versa.

(ii) "No S is P" is contradictory to "Some S is P" and vice versa.

4. (i) "Some S is P" is subaltern to "All S is P".

(ii) "Some S is not P" is subaltern to "No S is P".

5. (i) "All S is P" is superaltern to "Some S is P".

(ii) "No S is P" is superaltern to "Some S is not P".

Each opposite relation has certain characteristics

Contrary proposition A and E cannot be both true together though they both can be false at the same time. If one of the contrary propositions is true, then the other contrary proposition is false. But if one of the contrary propositions is false then the other contrary proposition is undetermined

(it can be true or it can be false also). If "All politicians are honest" is false, then "No politician is honest" can be false, or, it can be true also.

 

Please refer to the link below - CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Square of Opposition

CBSE Class 11 Categories of Reference Sources Description and Scope
CBSE Class 11 Computer Hardware used in Library Concepts
CBSE Class 11 Disaster Management Introduction
CBSE Class 11 Disaster Management Natural Hazards
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Circles Semi Circles
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Development of Surfaces
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Isometric Projection
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Lines Angles
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Orthographic Projection
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Orthographic Projections
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Sections Of Solids
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Special Curves
CBSE Class 11 Fashion Studies books
CBSE Class 11 Fashion Studies Elements of Design
CBSE Class 11 Fashion Studies Elements of Garment Making
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Commodities Market
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Financial Statement Analysis
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets and Instruments
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Primary market
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Secondary Market
CBSE Class 11 Five Laws of Library Science
CBSE Class 11 Library Automation Software Main Features
CBSE Class 11 Library Information and Society
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Buddhist Formal Logic
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Categorical Syllogism
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Elements of Symbolic Logic
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Methods of Natural and Social Sciences
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Mills Methods
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Nyaya Theory
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Observation and Experiment
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Other Forms of Immediate
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Science and Hypothesis
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Square of Opposition
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Terms
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Terms and Propositions
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy The Nature and Subject matter
CBSE Class 11 Punjabi Textbook
CBSE Class 11 Reference and Information Sources
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit Book Ritika
CBSE Class 11 Setting up and Running a School Library
CBSE Class 11 Theory of Cataloguing
CBSE Class 11 Theory of Classification
CBSE Class 11 Types of Libraries and their Role
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Development of Script
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Elements And Principles of Graphic Design
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Evolution in Reprography
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Glossary
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Indigenous Graphic Design And Culture
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Indigenous Graphic Design Practices
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Intoduction to Graphic Design
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Movable Metal Type to Digital Imaging
NCERT Class 11 Graphic DesignGraphic Art Design And Graphic Design
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Clay
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Crafts Heritage
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Jewellery
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Metal
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Natural Fibers
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Painting
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Paper Crafts
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Stone
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Textiles
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Theatre Crafts

Other Subjects NCERT Book Class 11 Square Of Opposition

The above NCERT Books for Class 11 Other Subjects Square Of Opposition have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Square Of Opposition Other Subjects Class 11 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Square Of Opposition NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 11 Other Subjects are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 11 Square Of Opposition book for Other Subjects also includes collection of question. We have also provided NCERT solutions for Class 11 Other Subjects which have been developed by teachers of StudiesToday.com after thorough review of the latest book and based on pattern of questions in upcoming exams for Class 11 students.

NCERT Book Class 11 Other Subjects Square Of Opposition

The latest NCERT book for Square Of Opposition pdf have been published by NCERT based on the latest research done for each topic which has to be taught to students in all classes. The books for Class 11 Other Subjects Square Of Opposition are designed to enhance the overall understanding of students. All Class 11 NCERT textbooks have been written in an easy to understand language which will help to enhance the overall level of Class 11 students. 

Square Of Opposition NCERT Book Class 11 Other Subjects

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Class 11 Other Subjects Square Of Opposition NCERT Book

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Class 11 Square Of Opposition NCERT Book Other Subjects

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