CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Consumer Protection Notes Set B

Protecting consumers from unpair trade practices, adopted by the producers and/or sellers of goods and services is termed as consumer protection. It not only includes educating consumers about their rights and responsibilities, but also helps in getting their grievances redressed.

Importance of consumer protection from consumer s point of view:
1. Consumers Ignorance: Majority of consumers are not aware of their rights and reliefs available to them as a result of which they are exploited. In order to save consumers from exploitation, consumer protection is needed.
2. Unorganised Consumers: In India consumers are still unorganised and there is lack of consumer organisations also, thus consumer protection is required.
3. Widespread exploitation of Consumers: Consumers are exploited on large scale by means of various unfair trade practices and consumer protection is required to protect them from exploitation.

Importance of Consumer Protection from the Point View of Business
1. Long term business interest: It is always in the interest of the business to keep its customer satisfied, Global competition could be win only after satisfying customers. Satisfied customers lead to repeat sales and help in increasing customer base of business.
2. Moral Justification: It is the moral duty of any business to take care of consumer interest & avoid any form of their exploitation & unfair trade practices like defective & unsafe products, adulteration, false & misleading advertising, hoardings black marketing etc.
3. Business uses society resources: Every business uses the resources of the society and thus it is their responsibility to work in the interest of the society.
4. Social Responsibility: A business has social responsibilities towards various groups like owner, workers, government, customers etc. Thus, customers should be provided qualitative goods at reasonable prices.
5. Government Intervention: If a business engages in any form of unfair trade practices then government take action against it, which adversely affect its goodwill. Rights of a Consumer Consumer protection Act, 1986 has provided six rights to the consumer, which are as follows:
1. Right to Safety : Consumer has the right to be protected against products, & services which are hazardous to health & life (should use ISI marked electric products)
2. Right to be informed : Consumer has right to have complete information about the product before buying it.
3. Right to choose : Consumer has a right to choose any product out of the available products as per his own decision/liking.
4. Right to be heard : Consumer has the right to file a complaint & to be heard in case of dissatisfaction with goods or services (use of grievance cell)
5. Right to Seek Redressal : Consumer has the right to get relief in case the product or service falls short of his expectations or is dangerous. He may be provided with replacement / removal of defect / compensation for any loss.
6. Right to consumer education: Consumer has right to acquire knowledge & to be well informed consumer throughout life. It makes consumer aware all the time.

Responsibilities / Duties of a Consumer
1. Consumer must exercise his right: Consumer must be aware of their rights with regard to the product or services they buy from the market.
2. Consumer must be a cautions consumer: While buying a product or services, a consumer should read labels carefully to learn about its every minute detail.
3. Consumer must file a complaint in an appropriate forum in case of any shortcoming in product / service availed.
4. Consumer must insist on cash memo; i.e., a proof of purchase & required to file a complaint.
5. Consumer must be a quality conscious: He should ask / look for ISI mark on electric goods. FPO mark on food products, Hall mark on jewellery etc.
6. Consumer must bring the discrepancy in the advertisement to the notice of the sponsor.

THE SALIENT FEATURES AND PROVISIONS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
Why was consumer protection act, 1986 enacted?
To protect & promote the interests of the consumers by providing various rights to them.

Under what circumstances complaints can be filed?
Fraudulent practices of traders & manufactures.
Goods are defective
Any deficiency in the services hired.

Redressal agencies under the consumer Protection Act 1986.
District forum
State Commission

Importance of consumer protection from consumer s point of view :

Consumers Ignorance : Majority of consumers are not aware of their rights and reliefs available to them as a result of which they are exploited. In order to save consumers from exploitation, consumer protection is needed.

Unorganised Consumers : In India consumers are still unorganised and there is lack of consumer organisations also, thus consumer protection is required.

Widespread exploitation of Consumers : Consumers are exploited on large scale by means of various unfair trade practices and consumer protection is required to protect them from exploitation.

Importance of Consumer Protection from the Point View of Business:

Long term business interest : It is always in the interest of the business to keep its customer satisfied, Global competition could be win only after satisfying customers. Satisfied customers lead to repeat sales and help in increasing customer base of business.

Moral Justification : It is the moral duty of any business to take care of consumer interest & avoid any form of their exploitation & unfair trade practices like defective & unsafe products, adultration, false & misleading advertising, hoardings black marketing etc.

Business uses society s resources : Every business uses the resources of the society and thus it is their responsibility to work in the interest of the society.

Social Responsibility : A business has social responsibilities towards various groups like owner, workers, government, customers etc. Thus, customers should be provided qualitative goods at reasonable prices. 

Government Intervention : If a business engage in any form of unfair trade practices then government take action against it, which adversely affect its goodwill.

CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986 (CPA, 1986)
Consumer protection Act 1986 was introduced to make consumers aware about their rights and to give them legal protection. According to it consumer is defined as follows.
1. Any person who buys any goods for a consideration It includes any user of such goods with the approval of the buyer. But it does not include a person who obtains goods for resale or any commercial purpose.
2. Any person who avails any services for a consideration. It includes any beneficiary of such services but it does not include a person who avails such service for any commercial purpose.

Rights of a Consumer
Consumer protection Act, 1986 has provided six rights to the consumer, which are as follows:
1. Right to Safety : Consumer has the right to be protected against products, & services which are hazardous to health & life (should use ISI marked electric products)
2. Right to be informed : Consumer has right to have complete information about the product before buying it.
3. Right to choose : Consumer has a right to choose any product out of the available products as per his own decision/liking.
4. Right to be heard : Consumer has the right to file a complaint & to beheard in case of dissatisfaction with goods or services (use of grievance cell)
5. Right to Seek Redressal : Consumer has the right to get relief in case the product or service falls short of his expectations or is dangerous. He may be provided with replacement / removal of defect / compensation for any loss.
6. Right to consumer education : Consumer has right to acquire knowledge & to be well informed consumer throughout life. It make consumer aware all the time.

Responsibilities / Duties of a Consumer
1. Consumer must exercise his right : Consumer must be aware of their rights with regard to the product or services they buy from the market.
2. Consumer must be a cautions consumer : While buying a product or services, a consumer should read labels carefully to learn about its every minute detail.
3. Consumer must file a complaint in a appropriate forum in case of any shortcoming in product / service availed.
4. Consumer must insist on cash memo ; i.e. a proof of purchase & required to file a complaint.
5. Consumer must be a quality conscious : He should ask / look for ISI mark on electric goods. FPO mark on food products, Hall mark on jewellery etc.
6. Consumer must bring the discrepancy in the advertisement to the notice of the sponsor.

THE SALIENT FEATURES AND PROVISIONS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
Why was consumer protection act, 1986 enacted
To protect & promote the interests of the cousumers by providing various
rights to them.
Under what circumstances complaints can be filed ?
Frandulent practices of traders & manufactures.
Goods are defective
Any deficiency in the services hired.
Redressal agencies under the consumer Protection Act 1986.
District forum
State Commission
National commission
Within what period the complaint must be filed ?
With in 3 months of purchase & if some testing of goods is required then
with in 5 months.
Who can file a complaint.
Any consumer
Any registered consumer association.
Central / State Govts.
Legal heir / representation of a a deceased customer.

Relief Available to Consumers (Remedies)

- To remove the defect in goods or services.

- To replace the defective product with a new one free from defect.

- To refund the price paid for the product/Service.

- To pay compensation for the loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to product/Service.

- To discontinue the unfair trade practice & not to repeat them.

- To withdraw the hazardous goods from sale.

Role and Functions of Consumer Organisation & NGOs.

- Educating the general public about consumer right by organising training

- programmes, seminars and workshops.

- Publishing periodical & other publications.

- Providing Legal assistance to consumers.

- Producing films or cassettes on food adultration, misuse of drugs etc.

Filing complaints in appropriate consumer courts on behalf of consumers.

Ways And Means of Consumer Protection.
1. Government : Protcts the interest of consumers by enacting various legislations like CPA 1986, Sale of goods Act 1930, Bureau of Indian Standard 1986 etc. Consumer Protection Act provides for a three-tier machinery at the district, state & national level for speedy & inexpensive redressal of consumer grievances.
2. Consumer Organisation : Force business firms to avoid malpractices & exploitation of consumers. 
i. e.g. Consumer coordination council, Delhi.
ii. Common cause, Delhi
iii. Consumers Association, Kolkata.
iv. Mumbai Grahak Panchyat, Mumbai etc.
3. Business Association : The associations of trade, commerce & business like federation of Indian Chambers of commerce (FICCI) & Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) have laid down their code of conduct for their members in their dealings with the customers.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS :

Question. What are the two aspect of consumer prolection?
Answer: Educating consumers & Redressal of their grievances)

Question. Give one example of consumer exploitation?
Answer: Unsafe products / Black marketing

Question. Name any two legitalations which provide protection to consumers
Answer: CPA 1986, The Essential Commodities Act 1955)

Question. Mention any two ways & means of consumer protection.
Answer: Consumer organisation & Govt.

Question. Which mark is issued under the Bureau of Indian Standard Act 1986 ?
Answer: ISI