Official CBSE Study Materials for Class 8 Science
Explore structured advanced study materials through the CBSE Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management Important Questions Set 01. Tailored for Class 8 learners, utilizing these Science resources ensures thorough preparation and strengthens foundational knowledge before final CBSE evaluations.
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Fill in the Blanks and Match
1. Select the correct word from the list (float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation) to fill in the blanks. (a) The same kind of plants grown on a large scale at a place is called ___. (b) The first step before growing crops is ___ of the soil. (c) Damaged seeds would ___ on top of water. (d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ___ and ___ from the soil are essential.
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Answer: (a) crop; (b) preparation; (c) float; (d) water, nutrients.
Teacher's Note: Damaged seeds are hollow and light, so they float.
2. Match column A with column B: (i) Kharif crops, (ii) Rabi crops, (iii) Chemical fertilisers, (iv) Organic manure. Column B: (a) urea and super phosphate; (b) animal excreta, cow dung, urine and plant waste; (c) wheat, gram, pea; (d) paddy and maize.
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Answer:
| A | B |
|---|---|
| (i) Kharif crops | (d) Paddy and maize |
| (ii) Rabi crops | (c) Wheat, gram, pea |
| (iii) Chemical fertilisers | (a) Urea and super phosphate |
| (iv) Organic manure | (b) Animal excreta, cow dung, urine and plant waste |
Teacher's Note: Kharif is the rainy-season crop and Rabi the winter-season crop.
3. Tick the right answer. We get our food from: plants / animals / both plants and animals / none of these.
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Answer: Both plants and animals.
Teacher's Note: Animals also depend on plants, so plants are the base of all our food.
4. Ploughing is done by a ___. A hoe is a simple tool used for removing ___. Continuous growing of crops makes the soil poorer in certain ___. Weedicide sprayers should cover their ___ and ___ with a piece of cloth.
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Answer: Plough; weeds; nutrients; nose and mouth.
Teacher's Note: The cloth protects the sprayer from the chemicals.
5. Name the bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen.
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Answer: Rhizobium bacteria, which live in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
Teacher's Note: Pulses such as gram and pea are leguminous crops.
Crops and Seasons
6. Define crop. Name some crop plants.
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Answer: Plants of the same kind that are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale are called a crop. Examples are wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, vegetables and fruits.
Teacher's Note: A single plant in a garden is not a crop.
7. Define Kharif crops and Rabi crops with examples.
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Answer: Kharif crops are sown in the rainy season, generally June to September, for example cotton, maize, paddy and groundnut. Rabi crops are sown in the winter season, generally October to March, for example wheat, mustard, gram and pea.
Teacher's Note: Season is the basis of the classification.
8. Why can paddy not be grown in the winter season?
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Answer: Paddy needs a lot of water for proper growth, so it can be grown only in the rainy season.
Teacher's Note: Winter is dry, and paddy would not get enough water.
9. If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen?
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Answer: Wheat is a Rabi crop, sown in winter (October to March), and needs very little water. If it is sown in the rainy Kharif season, excess water may damage the crop, and extreme weather may give very little or no yield.
Teacher's Note: Every crop has a season that suits its needs.
Preparing the Soil and Sowing
10. What is a seed drill? Why is it better than sowing by hand?
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Answer: A seed drill is a tool used with a tractor for sowing seeds. It sows seeds uniformly, at proper distances and depths, and covers them with soil. This saves time and labour and avoids overcrowding.
Teacher's Note: Hand sowing is called broadcasting.
11. What do you mean by good quality seeds?
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Answer: A good quality seed is clean, healthy, of a good variety, high yielding and disease resistant.
Teacher's Note: Soaking seeds in water helps to pick out healthy ones.
12. Give reasons: (a) Soil is loosened before sowing. (b) Levelling of the farm is important. (c) Farmers soak seeds in water before sowing. (d) Seeds are sown at a proper depth and distance. (e) Farmers are advised to use manure instead of fertilisers.
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Answer: (a) Loose soil lets roots go deep and breathe, and helps earthworms and microbes. (b) Level soil gives water to all plants evenly. (c) Healthy seeds sink and damaged seeds float, so they can be separated. (d) Seeds on the surface are eaten by birds, seeds that are too deep may not germinate, and plants need space for sunlight, water and nutrients. (e) Manure does not pollute and improves the soil; fertilisers can pollute soil and water and make the soil acidic.
Teacher's Note: Write one clear reason for each part.
13. Write a paragraph on (a) preparation of soil, (b) sowing, (c) weeding, (d) threshing.
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Answer: (a) Preparation of soil: turning up and loosening the soil is the first step. It lets roots go deep and breathe, and helps earthworms and microbes that add humus. (b) Sowing: seeds are sown at the proper depth and distance after selecting healthy, high-grade seeds, usually with a seed drill. (c) Weeding: removing unwanted plants called weeds, which compete with the crop for water, nutrients, space and light. (d) Threshing: separating grains from the chaff, done by hand or by a machine.
Teacher's Note: Keep each paragraph to three or four sentences.
Manure, Fertilisers and Soil
14. What are manures? What is manuring?
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Answer: Manures are organic substances obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste. They give a lot of humus to the soil and help plants grow. Adding manure to the field to replenish nutrients and increase production is called manuring.
Teacher's Note: Manure is natural; a fertiliser is a chemical.
15. What are fertilisers? Give examples.
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Answer: Fertilisers are chemicals rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are made in factories. Examples are urea, NPK and ammonium sulphate.
Teacher's Note: Fertilisers act quickly but can harm the soil if used too often.
16. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
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Answer:
| Fertiliser | Manure |
|---|---|
| Inorganic salt | Prepared from organic matter such as cow dung and farm waste |
| Made in factories | Can be prepared on the farm |
| Added in small quantities | Added in large quantities as nutrient content is less |
| Gives no humus | Gives a lot of humus |
Teacher's Note: Humus makes the soil soft and helps it hold water.
17. Which is better, organic manure or fertilisers? Write the advantages of manure.
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Answer: Organic manure is better. It is organic, does not pollute the soil, helps earthworms and friendly microbes grow, makes the soil light and porous and increases its water-holding capacity.
Teacher's Note: Fertilisers should be used in small amounts.
18. Explain how soil is affected by the continuous growing of crops in a field.
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Answer: Soil supplies minerals needed by plants. Growing crops again and again makes the soil poor in nutrients, and the yield decreases.
Teacher's Note: Fallowing and crop rotation help to restore fertility.
19. What are fallow and crop rotation?
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Answer: Leaving a field uncultivated for one season is called fallow, and the soil regains nutrients naturally. Growing two different crops alternately in the same field in different seasons is called crop rotation.
Teacher's Note: The second crop is usually a legume.
Irrigation
20. What is irrigation? Name the sources of irrigation.
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Answer: Supplying water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation. The sources are ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, canals, wells and tubewells.
Teacher's Note: Crops need water for healthy growth.
21. Describe two methods of irrigation that conserve water.
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Answer: Drip system: water falls drop by drop directly near the roots, which is best for fruit plants, gardens and trees. Sprinkler system: pipes with rotating nozzles are joined to the main pipeline, and water under pressure sprinkles over the crop like rain, which suits lawns and coffee plantations.
Teacher's Note: Both methods waste very little water.
Weeds
22. What are weeds? How can we control them?
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Answer: Weeds are unwanted plants that grow naturally with the crop. They compete for water, nutrients, space and light. They can be controlled by tilling before sowing, by removing them by hand, and with weedicides such as 2,4-D.
Teacher's Note: Weedicides should be sprayed carefully, covering the nose and mouth.
23. Is there any harmful effect of weedicides on the person spraying them?
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Answer: Yes, they may harm the sprayer's health, so the sprayer should cover the nose and mouth with a cloth.
Teacher's Note: Always use protection with chemicals.
Harvesting and After
24. Define harvesting, threshing and winnowing.
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Answer: Harvesting is cutting the mature crop by hand or machine. Threshing is separating the grain from the chaff. Winnowing is separating grain from chaff with the help of wind.
Teacher's Note: In winnowing, the lighter chaff flies away and the heavier grains fall down.
25. What is a combine?
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Answer: A combine is a machine that does both harvesting and threshing; it is a combined harvester and thresher.
Teacher's Note: It is used on large farms.
26. What are harvest festivals?
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Answer: A harvest festival is an annual celebration around the time of the main harvest of a region. Farmers celebrate the good crop. Examples are Pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya and Bihu.
Teacher's Note: Different regions celebrate different festivals.
27. What is animal husbandry?
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Answer: Animals give us food such as milk, eggs and meat. Rearing them with proper food, shelter and care is called animal husbandry.
Teacher's Note: It is part of agriculture.
Diagram and Puzzle Questions
28. Arrange the steps in order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
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Answer: The correct order is: preparation of soil, sowing, adding manure and fertilisers, irrigation, weeding, harvesting, storage.
Teacher's Note: The order of agricultural practices is the same for every crop.
29. Complete the word puzzle. Down: 1. Providing water to the crops. 2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions. 5. Plants of the same kind grown on a large scale. Across: 3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop. 4. A Rabi crop that is also a pulse. 6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.
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Answer: Down: 1. IRRIGATION; 2. STORAGE; 5. CROP. Across: 3. HARVESTER; 4. GRAM; 6. THRESHING.
Teacher's Note: The grid layout was an image in the source and is not reproduced; the answers are given in full.
30. Draw a plough, a hoe and a seed drill and label their parts.
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Answer: See the labelled sketches in the Notes page for this chapter: the plough has a beam, shaft, handle and ploughshare; the hoe has a long handle and a blade; the seed drill has a funnel, tubes with sharp ends, and places seeds in the soil.
Teacher's Note: In an exam, draw neat, labelled diagrams with a pencil.
Free study material for Science
Science Class 8 Exam Resources: Chapter 01 Crop Production and Management
Comprehensive Study Resources for Chapter 01 Crop Production and Management
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