CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Age of Industrialization MCQs Set 06

Answer: (a) Richard Arkwright

Explanation:
1. Richard Arkwright developed the idea of the cotton mill, bringing production together under one roof.

Answer: (c) James Watt

Explanation:
1. James Watt improved and patented Newcomen's original engine design, in 1781.

Teacher's Note:
a) Matthew Boulton was Watt's business partner, who helped manufacture the improved engine, but didn't design it himself.

Answer: (b) Cotton and Metal

Explanation:
1. Cotton and metal (especially iron and steel) were Britain's most dynamic, fastest-growing industries during industrialisation.

Answer: (a) Stapler

Explanation:
1. This occupation is called a stapler, from the sorting ('stapling') of wool by fibre quality.

Answer: (b) Britain

Explanation:
1. Britain was the first country to industrialise, beginning in the mid-to-late eighteenth century.

Answer: (a) Textile Industry

Explanation:
1. These are all stages in processing cotton or wool fibre, specific to the textile industry.

Answer: (b) In the 1730s

Explanation:
1. England's first factories appeared around the 1730s.

Answer: (a) James Hargreaves

Explanation:
1. James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny, which sped up spinning and reduced labour demand.

Answer: (d) 1764

Explanation:
1. The Spinning Jenny was devised by Hargreaves in 1764.

Answer: (b) Surat

Explanation:
1. Surat was the key pre-colonial port connecting India's west coast trade to the Gulf and Red Sea.

Answer: (c) Masulipatnam

Explanation:
1. Masulipatnam, on the Coromandel Coast, linked India's eastern trade to Southeast Asia.

Answer: (b) Raw cotton exports increased

Explanation:
1. As raw cotton exports from India increased (partly to feed British mills), domestic weavers faced shortages and higher prices for the raw cotton they needed.

Teacher's Note:
a) This is a separate, later problem from the earlier collapse of their export and local markets to Manchester imports.

Answer: (c) Gomastha

Explanation:
1. Gomasthas were the Company's paid agents, appointed to supervise weavers directly.

Answer: (a) Surat

Explanation:
1. Surat, a major pre-colonial port, declined sharply as European-controlled ports like Bombay and Calcutta grew.

Answer: (a) Hooghly

Explanation:
1. Hooghly, in Bengal, was the pre-colonial port connecting the region to Southeast Asian trade.

Answer: (a) Calcutta

Explanation:
1. Seth Hukumchand set up the first Indian-owned jute mill in Calcutta, in 1917.

Answer: (d) Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata

Explanation:
1. Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata were the two Bombay Parsis who built major industrial empires, with capital partly drawn from the China trade.

Answer: (c) Kanpur

Explanation:
1. The Elgin Mill was established in Kanpur, in the 1860s.

Answer: (a) Someone industrialists employed to recruit new workers

Explanation:
1. A jobber's core function was being employed by industrialists specifically to recruit new workers, usually from his own village.

Teacher's Note:
a) The other three options describe what the jobber often BECAME, as a result of this recruiting role, not the definition itself.

Answer: (c) Ratnagiri

Explanation:
1. Over half of Bombay's cotton mill workers in 1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagiri.

Answer: (b) Industrialist

Explanation:
1. Dwarkanath Tagore was among the early Indian industrialists of the 1830s-40s.

Answer: (b) China trade

Explanation:
1. Many early Indian industrialists built their capital through trade with China, including the opium-tea trade, before investing in industry.

Answer: (a) Bengal and Bombay

Explanation:
1. Bengal and Bombay together accounted for about 67% of India's large factories in 1911.

Answer: (c) Fear of losing employment

Explanation:
1. Workers' main opposition to new machinery stemmed from fear that it would reduce the need for their labour and cost them their jobs.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Spinning Jenny attacks by hand spinners are the classic example of this fear in action.

Answer: (a) Advertisements

Explanation:
1. Advertisements, alongside calendar art and other visual media, were used to spread the nationalist swadeshi message, encouraging people to buy Indian-made goods.

Answer: (b) Stapler

Explanation:
1. A worker who sorts wool according to the length and quality of its fibre is called a stapler.

Teacher's Note:
a) A 'stapler' sorts wool by fibre quality.
b) This was one of the many specialised hand-trades in the pre-factory textile process.

Answer: (a) Carding

Explanation:
1. Carding is the process of preparing fibres like cotton or wool before they are spun into yarn.

Teacher's Note:
a) Carding prepares raw fibre before spinning.
b) It is an essential early step in textile production.

Answer: (c) Ingot

Explanation:
1. Carding, twisting and spinning are all steps in processing textile fibre; 'ingot' refers to a cast block of metal and has nothing to do with textile production.

Teacher's Note:
a) Ingot is a metal-casting term, unrelated to textiles.
b) Carding, twisting and spinning are all genuine steps in yarn/cloth-making.

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. The proto-industrial system was indeed a network of commercial exchange, and this is precisely explained by merchant control over production carried out in family farms rather than factories.

Teacher's Note:
a) Proto-industrial production was merchant-controlled but carried out in family farms, not factories.
b) This structure is exactly why it counted as a network of commercial exchange.

Answer: (d) Jobs

Explanation:
1. Rural poor and vagrants moved to growing industrial cities mainly in search of employment opportunities.

Teacher's Note:
a) Peasants and vagrants migrated to cities mainly in search of jobs.
b) Growing industries and urban building activity created new employment demand.

Answer: (b) The Spinning Jenny

Explanation:
1. The passage directly states that the Spinning Jenny's introduction into the woollen industry is what angered women hand-spinners, who feared losing their livelihood.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Spinning Jenny threatened hand-spinners' jobs, provoking their anger.
b) This conflict over mechanisation lasted a long time before new building-related jobs opened up in the 1840s.

Answer: (a) Carding

Explanation:
1. Carding prepares raw fibre before spinning.

Answer: (b) Seth Hukumchand

Explanation:
1. Seth Hukumchand set up the first Indian jute mill, in 1917.