CBSE Class 10 Social Science Advanced The Rise of Nationalism in Europe MCQs Set 01

Answer: (a) (i)-(b), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(c), (v)-(d)

Explanation:
1. The Napoleonic wars began in 1797 (Napoleon invaded Italy), so (i) matches (b).
2. The ell (elle) was an old measure of cloth, so (ii) matches (a).
3. Mazzini was born in Genoa, so (iii) matches (e).
4. Young Europe was founded by Mazzini at Berne, so (iv) matches (c).
5. Kaiser William I was the King of Prussia who became German Emperor, so (v) matches (d).
6. The set (i)-(b), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(c), (v)-(d) is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn Mazzini with three places: born at Genoa, Young Italy at Marseilles, Young Europe at Berne.
2. The book prints 'Geno' in the list; it means Genoa.

Answer: (b) Young Italy.

Explanation:
1. Mazzini was exiled in 1831 after a failed revolt in Liguria.
2. In exile he set up the secret society Young Italy at Marseilles to spread the aim of a united Italian republic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Do not confuse it with Young Europe, which he founded later at Berne.
2. Young Italy and Young Europe both appear often in exams.

Answer: (a) Utopian

Explanation:
1. A dream of a perfect society that can hardly be achieved in real life is called utopian.
2. Sorrieu's picture of a world of democratic and social republics was called a utopian vision.

Teacher's Note:
1. The word comes from the book Utopia, which described an imaginary perfect island.
2. Socialism and feminism are real political ideas, not dreams of perfection.

Answer: (d) 1848

Explanation:
1. Revolutions broke out in many European countries in 1848: France, the German states, Italy, Hungary and others.
2. The year is 1848.

Teacher's Note:
1. 1830 and 1848 are the two years of revolution you must remember.
2. Link 1848 with the Frankfurt Parliament.

Answer: (b) 1867

Explanation:
1. Garibaldi led his volunteers against Rome, still held by the Pope, in 1867 (the attempt ended at Mentana).
2. Of the options only 1867 fits; Rome itself joined Italy in 1870.

Teacher's Note:
1. The printed key is 1867; the Italian army took Rome in 1870.
2. His other great campaign was the 1860 march into south Italy.

Answer: (a) Britain

Explanation:
1. The anthem was promoted along with the Union Jack and the English language to build a new British nation.
2. So it is the national anthem of Britain.

Teacher's Note:
1. Look in the text on Britain: the flag, the anthem and the language were the new national symbols.
2. Remember the Union Jack along with it.

Answer: (b) Young Italy

Explanation:
1. Mazzini formed a secret society to spread his plan for a united Italian republic.
2. Its name was Young Italy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Spell the name exactly: Young Italy.
2. It was founded at Marseilles.

Answer: (a) the Church of St Paul

Explanation:
1. The Frankfurt Parliament met in a church, which was the Church of St Paul.
2. The 831 members drafted a constitution for a German nation.

Teacher's Note:
1. The details 18 May 1848, 831 and St Paul's are favourite fact questions.
2. The parliament failed because the Prussian king rejected its offer.

Answer: (b) Feminism

Explanation:
1. The belief in the equality of men and women in social, economic and political life is feminism.
2. Humanism, post-modernism and culturalism are about other ideas.

Teacher's Note:
1. Women demanded the vote and equal rights throughout the nineteenth century.
2. Connect this with Louise Otto-Peters and the Frankfurt Parliament.

Answer: (a) Duke Metternich

Explanation:
1. This remark was made by the Austrian chancellor Duke Metternich.
2. It meant that a revolution in France quickly spread to the other European countries.

Teacher's Note:
1. Metternich was a leading conservative of the Vienna Congress.
2. The remark was proved right in 1830 and 1848.

Answer: (a) Otto von Bismarck

Explanation:
1. Prussia led German unification, and its chief minister Otto von Bismarck planned and carried it out with the army and bureaucracy.
2. Mazzini belongs to Italy, Herder to Romanticism, and Hitler lived much later.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bismarck followed the policy of blood and iron.
2. His three wars were against Denmark, Austria and France.

Answer: (a) nationalist aspiration of subjects.

Explanation:
1. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the big powers used the nationalist hopes of subject peoples to advance their own imperial aims.
2. The correct option is the nationalist aspiration of subjects.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the point of the section on nationalism and imperialism.
2. The Balkans were the best example.

Answer: (a) right to vote

Explanation:
1. Suffrage is the right to vote in elections.
2. So the answer is right to vote.

Teacher's Note:
1. Universal male suffrage meant the vote for all adult men.
2. Women demanded suffrage for decades.

Answer: (c) French Revolution.

Explanation:
1. Since the French Revolution, liberalism has stood for an end to autocracy and the privileges of the clergy, a constitution and representation through parliament.
2. The other revolutions did not give this meaning to the term.

Teacher's Note:
1. The book printed 'Chinese Revolution' twice, as (B) and (D); I changed option (D) to 'Russian Revolution'.
2. The French Revolution is the root of liberal nationalism.

Answer: (c) National Assembly

Explanation:
1. The Estates General was chosen by the active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
2. It led the revolution and drafted a constitution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Estates General then National Assembly is the order of change.
2. The word 'General Assembly' is used for the UN, not France.

Answer: (d) 1848 A.D.

Explanation:
1. The Frankfurt Parliament met in May 1848.
2. The year is 1848 A.D.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ignore 1948 and 1748, which share the same last digits.
2. It came in the revolutionary year 1848.

Answer: (b) Cavour.

Explanation:
1. Cavour, the chief minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, used war and clever diplomacy to unite Italy, as Bismarck did for Germany.
2. He was therefore called the Bismarck of Italy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both Cavour and Bismarck were chief ministers who worked for their king.
2. Neither was a democrat or a revolutionary.

Answer: (c) church.

Explanation:
1. The Frankfurt Parliament met in the Church of St Paul.
2. The Hall of Mirrors is at Versailles, where the German Empire was declared in 1871.
3. So the answer is church.

Teacher's Note:
1. Do not mix up the Hall of Mirrors (1871) with the church (1848).
2. Both are in the notes on Germany.

Answer: (d) 1848.

Explanation:
1. After the failure of the liberal revolutions of 1848, conservatives took up nationalism and used it for state power and expansion.
2. The turning point is 1848.

Teacher's Note:
1. After 1848 nationalism became linked with conservatism and imperial aims.
2. Bismarck's wars came in the next two decades.

Answer: (d) Johann Gottfried Herder.

Explanation:
1. The German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder held that true German culture lay among the common people, das Volk.
2. The Grimm brothers collected folk tales but did not make this claim in the chapter.

Teacher's Note:
1. Herder is the key name under Romanticism.
2. Remember: folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances.

Answer: (d) Lord Byron.

Explanation:
1. Lord Byron collected funds for the Greek cause, went to fight and died of fever in 1824.

Teacher's Note:
1. Poets and artists were important in the Greek cause.
2. Greece was recognised as independent in 1832.

Answer: (a) 1821.

Explanation:
1. The Greek struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire began in 1821.
2. Byron died in 1824 and the Treaty of Constantinople came in 1832.

Teacher's Note:
1. The year 1821 also saw the death of Napoleon.
2. Put the three dates 1821, 1824 and 1832 in order.

Answer: (b) Jacobin clubs.

Explanation:
1. Inspired by the French Revolution, students and educated middle-class people set up Jacobin clubs in many parts of Europe.
2. The clubs spread revolutionary ideas.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Jacobins were the most radical group of the French Revolution.
2. Clubs carried the ideas to other countries.

Answer: (c) Treaty of Constantinople of 1832.

Explanation:
1. The other treaties belong to different events: Utrecht 1713, Paris 1783 (American independence) and Versailles 1919 (First World War).
2. Greece was recognised by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match each treaty with its event.
2. This question appears in many tests.

Answer: (d) European civilisation.

Explanation:
1. Poets and artists praised Greece as the cradle of European civilisation to build support for its fight against the Ottomans.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ancient Greece shaped European art, philosophy and politics.
2. This praise turned public opinion in favour of the Greeks.

Answer: (c) United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Explanation:
1. The Act of Union of 1707 joined England and Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ireland was added in 1801.
2. England dominated the new state.

Answer: (b) 1797.

Explanation:
1. As given in the chapter, Napoleon invaded Italy in 1797 and the Napoleonic wars began.
2. The year is 1797.

Teacher's Note:
1. Treat 1797 as the start date used in this chapter.
2. The Civil Code followed in 1804.

Answer: (a) January 1871.

Explanation:
1. William I was proclaimed German Emperor on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember January 1871 for the German Empire.
2. The date 18 January is also asked.

Answer: (a) an absolute monarchy.

Explanation:
1. In 1789 France was ruled by Louis XVI, an absolute monarch.
2. The republic was declared only in 1792.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Revolution of 1789 ended absolute monarchy.
2. A republic came three years later.

Answer: (a) plebiscite.

Explanation:
1. A direct vote in which everyone of a region accepts or rejects a proposal is a plebiscite.

Teacher's Note:
1. Renan used the word in his idea of a nation.
2. A plebiscite is a direct and not an indirect vote.

Answer: (c) University of Sorbonne.

Explanation:
1. Ernest Renan gave his lecture 'What is a Nation?' at the University of Sorbonne in 1882.

Teacher's Note:
1. He said a nation is a daily plebiscite.
2. The Sorbonne is in Paris.

Answer: (d) Matternich

Explanation:
1. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 was hosted by the Austrian chancellor Duke Metternich.
2. Napoleon had been defeated; Bismarck came later; Voltaire died in 1778.

Teacher's Note:
1. Metternich is spelt Metternich.
2. He led the conservative order.

Answer: (a) Sardania Piedmont

Explanation:
1. Of the seven Italian states only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
2. The Papal States were under the Pope, Venetia was Austrian and Tuscany had a foreign ruling family.

Teacher's Note:
1. Spell it Sardinia-Piedmont.
2. It led the unification.

Answer: (d) Growing agitation in Nationalistic movement in African and Asian continent

Explanation:
1. Imperial powers moved in because the colonies were rich, weak and a source of raw materials.
2. Growing nationalist agitation in the colonies was the result of imperial rule and not the cause of it, so it is (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Printed key (d) kept; option (a) could also be argued, but wealth attracted imperial powers.
2. Ask whether each point comes before or after colonisation.

Answer: (a) Italian Princely house

Explanation:
1. Sardinia-Piedmont was the only Italian state ruled by an Italian princely house (the House of Savoy under Victor Emmanuel II).

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the reason it led unification.
2. Habsburgs ruled Lombardy and Venetia.

Answer: (d) Economist

Explanation:
1. The printed key gives Economist.
2. This name is not found in the chapter text, so it is a recall question.

Teacher's Note:
1. The name is not part of the chapter, so this is a pure recall question.
2. If you meet it in an exam, do not spend long on it.

Answer: (d) Matternich

Explanation:
1. The remark was made by the Austrian chancellor Metternich.

Teacher's Note:
1. It shows how quickly revolution spread in Europe.
2. Same question as Exercise 2 Q9.

Answer: (b) Cavour

Explanation:
1. Cavour planned the alliance with France and the war with Austria, so he is called the architect or father of Italian unification in the key.
2. Mazzini is the soul and Garibaldi the sword of the movement.

Teacher's Note:
1. The key is Cavour; some books give this title to Mazzini or Victor Emmanuel.
2. Learn all three names with their roles.

Answer: (b) The Citizen

Explanation:
1. La patrie means the fatherland and le citoyen means the citizen.

Teacher's Note:
1. The words stressed a united community with equal rights.
2. Do not choose 'All above'.

Answer: (d) Neither a Revolutionary nor a Democrat

Explanation:
1. The chapter states that Cavour was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat; he was a statesman who used diplomacy and war.
2. So the answer is neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mazzini was the revolutionary, Cavour the diplomat.
2. Think of his alliance with France.