CBSE Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations MCQs Set 09

Practice MCQs for Class 10 Science Chapter 01 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Review structured MCQ sets for Class 10 Science Chapter 01 Chemical Reactions and Equations. Built according to official CBSE guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Access Chapter 01 Chemical Reactions and Equations Questions and Solutions

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This Class 10 Science page for Chemical Reactions and Equations has 36 multiple choice questions with answers and step-by-step explanations. It covers physical and chemical changes, writing and balancing equations, state symbols, the law of conservation of mass and simple mass calculations.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is not a physical change?
(a) Boiling of water to give water vapour
(b) Melting of ice to give water
(c) Dissolution of salt in water
(d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Explanation:
1. Boiling, melting and dissolving change only the state or mixing; no new substance is formed.
2. Burning LPG gives carbon dioxide and water vapour, which are new substances, so it is a chemical change.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ask whether a new substance has formed.
2. All burning is a chemical change.

Question 2: Which one of the following processes involves a chemical reaction?
(a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder
(b) Liquefaction of air
(c) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open
(d) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature

Explanation:
1. Compressing a gas, liquefying air and evaporating petrol only change the physical state.
2. Heated copper combines with oxygen: 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO, a black new substance, so (d) is a chemical reaction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Look for a colour change or a new compound.
2. The black coating on heated copper shows a chemical change.

Question 3: In which of the following does the identity of the initial substance remain unchanged?
(a) Curdling of milk
(b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation
(c) Fermentation of grapes
(d) Digestion of food
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation

Explanation:
1. Curdling, fermentation and digestion produce new substances, so they are chemical changes.
2. Crystallisation only separates the same dissolved substance as crystals, so its identity does not change.

Teacher's Note:
1. Crystallisation is a physical process.
2. Biological changes such as digestion and fermentation are chemical.

Question 4: Burning of a candle is a ______ change.
(a) physical
(b) chemical
(c) both physical and chemical
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) both physical and chemical

Explanation:
1. Wax melts when heated, which is a physical change.
2. The wax vapour then burns with oxygen to give carbon dioxide, water, heat and light, which is a chemical change. So both occur.

Teacher's Note:
1. A single event can involve both kinds of change.
2. Melting is physical, burning is chemical.

Question 5: Which of the following observations help(s) us to determine that a chemical change has taken place?
(a) Change in temperature
(b) Change in colour
(c) Evolution of a gas
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. A chemical reaction can be recognised by a change in temperature, a change in colour, evolution of a gas, formation of a precipitate or a change in state.
2. All the listed observations can help us decide.

Teacher's Note:
1. No single sign is proof by itself, but together they are good evidence.
2. Always look for a new substance.

Question 6: Which law should be kept in mind while we balance chemical equations?
(a) Conservation of momentum
(b) Conservation of mass
(c) Conservation of energy
(d) Conservation of frequency
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Conservation of mass

Explanation:
1. Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
2. So the number of atoms of each element must be equal on both sides of the equation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Atoms are only rearranged, never lost.
2. This law was proposed by Lavoisier.

Question 7: The balanced equation for Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2 is
(a) Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + H2
(b) Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
(c) 3Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
(d) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

Explanation:
1. Fe3O4 has 3 Fe atoms and 4 O atoms, so we need 3Fe and 4H2O on the left.
2. 4 H2O gives 8 H atoms, so 4 H2 are needed on the right.

Teacher's Note:
1. Balance metals first, then oxygen, then hydrogen.
2. Re-count every element at the end.

Question 8: In the balanced chemical equation xFe(s) + yH2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g), the ratio x : y of the reactants Fe and H2O is
(a) 2 : 3
(b) 3 : 4
(c) 1 : 4
(d) 4 : 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3 : 4

Explanation:
1. Fe3O4 contains 3 Fe atoms, so x = 3, and 4 O atoms, so y = 4.
2. Check H: 4 H2O gives 8 H and 4 H2 gives 8 H. Ratio x : y = 3 : 4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Use oxygen to find y.
2. The hydrogen count confirms the answer.

Question 9: The equation Cu + xHNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + yNO2 + 2H2O. The values of x and y are
(a) 3 and 5
(b) 8 and 6
(c) 4 and 2
(d) 7 and 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 4 and 2

Explanation:
1. Hydrogen: 2 H2O has 4 H, so x = 4.
2. Nitrogen: 4 N on the left = 2 (in nitrate) + y, so y = 2. Oxygen: 12 = 6 + 4 + 2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Start with an element that appears in one compound on each side.
2. Verify with oxygen.

Question 10: In the equation Na2CO3 + xHCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O, the value of x is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2

Explanation:
1. Chlorine: 2 NaCl contains 2 Cl, so x = 2.
2. Hydrogen check: 2 HCl gives 2 H, and 1 H2O has 2 H.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pick an element present in a single compound on each side.
2. Confirm with a second element.

Question 11: To balance Al(OH)3 + HNO3 → Al(NO3)3 + H2O, the number of HNO3 molecules required will be
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 8
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 3

Explanation:
1. Al(NO3)3 contains 3 nitrate groups, so 3 HNO3 are needed.
2. 3 HNO3 with Al(OH)3 gives 3 H2O: Al(OH)3 + 3HNO3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O.

Teacher's Note:
1. Treat OH and NO3 as groups that remain intact.
2. Then count H and O to confirm.

Question 12: In the balanced equation a Mg3N2 + b H2O → c Mg(OH)2 + d NH3, the coefficients a, b, c, d respectively are
(a) 1, 3, 3, 2
(b) 1, 6, 3, 2
(c) 1, 2, 3, 2
(d) 2, 3, 6, 2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1, 6, 3, 2

Explanation:
1. Magnesium: 3 Mg on the left needs c = 3. Nitrogen: 2 N needs d = 2.
2. Hydrogen: 3 × 2 + 2 × 3 = 12, so b = 6. Oxygen: 6 = 3 × 2 confirms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Take a = 1 and fit the others around it.
2. Count H and O last.

Question 13: The chemical equation which is unbalanced is
(a) 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
(b) 2C4H10 + 12O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
(c) 2Al + 6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2
(d) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2C4H10 + 12O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O

Explanation:
1. In (b), oxygen on the right = 8 × 2 + 10 = 26 atoms, but on the left only 12 × 2 = 24.
2. The correct equation has 13 O2. The other three equations are balanced.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count oxygen atoms in combustion equations carefully.
2. The correct coefficient of O2 is 13.

Question 14: Which of the following equations is balanced?
(a) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
(b) 2CaO(s) + H2O(l) → 2Ca(OH)2(aq)
(c) CH4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
(d) 2AgBr(s) → Ag(s) + 2Br2(g)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

Explanation:
1. Option (a): Fe 3 = 3, O 4 = 4 and H 8 = 8, so it is balanced.
2. In (b) oxygen is 3 on the left and 4 on the right; in (c) oxygen is 2 on the left and 4 on the right; in (d) silver is 2 on the left and 1 on the right. These are unbalanced.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count every element on both sides.
2. Do not change formulae while balancing.

Question 15: Identify the chemical equation which represents a complete balanced equation for the reaction of barium chloride with sodium sulphate to produce barium sulphate and sodium chloride.
(a) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + NaCl(aq)
(b) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → 2BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
(c) 2BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → 2BaSO4(s) + NaCl(aq)
(d) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Explanation:
1. Barium and sulphate balance as 1 : 1.
2. Chlorine: 2 Cl in BaCl2 requires 2 NaCl, and sodium: 2 Na in Na2SO4 also gives 2 NaCl.

Teacher's Note:
1. Balance the less obvious ion last.
2. Option (d) is the only one with equal atoms on both sides.

Question 16: A student performs an experiment to form aluminium chloride from aluminium and chlorine. Which option gives the balanced chemical equation of the reaction?
(a) 3Al + 3Cl2 → 3AlCl3
(b) 2Al + Cl2 → 2AlCl
(c) 2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3
(d) Al + Cl2 → AlCl2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3

Explanation:
1. Aluminium chloride is AlCl3, and chlorine exists as Cl2.
2. 6 Cl atoms (3 Cl2) are needed to form 2 AlCl3, which needs 2 Al.

Teacher's Note:
1. First write the correct formulae.
2. Then use the LCM of 2 and 3 for chlorine.

Question 17: A researcher adds barium hydroxide to hydrochloric acid to form barium chloride. Which option gives the balanced chemical equation of the reaction?
(a) HCl + 2Ba(OH) → 2BaCl2 + 2H2O + O2
(b) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2H2O
(c) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaH2 + 2HCl + O2
(d) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaH2 + 2HCl + O2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2H2O

Explanation:
1. An acid and a base form a salt and water: barium chloride and water.
2. 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2H2O has 2 H + 2 OH on the left, giving 2 H2O, and Ba and Cl are equal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Acid + base gives salt + water.
2. Use brackets correctly for Ba(OH)₂.

Question 18: In the decomposition of lead(II) nitrate to give lead(II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas, the coefficient of nitrogen dioxide in the balanced equation is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 4

Explanation:
1. 2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
2. Nitrogen: 2 Pb(NO3)2 has 4 N, so 4 NO2 are formed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Balance lead first, then nitrogen, then oxygen.
2. Brown fumes are NO₂.

Question 19: C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) → XCO2(aq) + YH2O(l) + energy. In the above reaction, the values of X and Y are
(a) 6, 6
(b) 6, 7
(c) 7, 8
(d) 8, 9
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 6, 6

Explanation:
1. Carbon: glucose has 6 C, so X = 6.
2. Hydrogen: glucose has 12 H, so Y = 6. Oxygen: 6 + 12 = 18 on both sides.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the equation of respiration.
2. Balance C, then H, then O.

Question 20: Which information is not conveyed by a balanced chemical equation?
(a) Physical states of reactants and products
(b) Symbols and formulae of all the substances involved in a particular reaction
(c) Number of atoms/molecules of the reactants and products formed
(d) Whether a particular reaction is actually feasible or not
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Whether a particular reaction is actually feasible or not

Explanation:
1. A balanced equation gives formulae, quantities and, if written, state symbols and conditions.
2. It does not tell whether the reaction will really take place.

Teacher's Note:
1. An equation can be written for a reaction that never happens.
2. Feasibility is found only by experiment.

Question 21: Which of the following is true for an unbalanced chemical equation?
(a) The number of atoms is more on the right side of the equation
(b) The number of atoms is less on the left side of the equation
(c) The number of atoms is equal on both sides of the equation
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
1. In an unbalanced equation the atoms of at least one element differ on the two sides.
2. Hence the number of atoms of an element is more on one side and less on the other; (a) and (b) describe the same situation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Unequal atoms mean the equation is not balanced.
2. Balancing makes them equal.

Question 22: What does the symbol '↓' represent in a chemical reaction?
(a) Gas released
(b) Solid state
(c) Precipitate formed
(d) Direction of reaction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Precipitate formed

Explanation:
1. A downward arrow written after a product shows that an insoluble solid, a precipitate, is formed.
2. An upward arrow ↑ shows a gas being given out.

Teacher's Note:
1. ↓ for precipitate, ↑ for gas.
2. Do not confuse it with the reaction arrow.

Question 23: Identify 'x', 'y' and 'z' in the following reaction: 2KClO3(x) →(y) 2KCl(x) + 3O2(z)
(a) x = gas; y = reaction condition; z = gas
(b) x = solid; y = liquid; z = gas
(c) x = number of moles of KClO3; y = reaction condition; z = number of molecules of oxygen
(d) x = physical state of KClO3 and KCl; y = reaction condition; z = physical state of O2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) x = physical state of KClO3 and KCl; y = reaction condition; z = physical state of O2

Explanation:
1. The symbols (s), (l), (g) and (aq) written after formulae show physical states.
2. The word or symbol over the arrow, here heat, is the reaction condition.

Teacher's Note:
1. The brackets after formulae show states.
2. Conditions go on the arrow.

Question 24: The word 'aqueous' (aq) represents ______ in a chemical reaction.
(a) solution
(b) solid
(c) gas
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) solution

Explanation:
1. (aq) stands for aqueous, meaning dissolved in water.
2. (s), (l) and (g) are used for solid, liquid and gas.

Teacher's Note:
1. State symbols make equations more informative.
2. (aq) is used for solutions.

Question 25: In which of the following equations is the mass not the same on both the sides?
(a) Word equation
(b) Skeletal equation
(c) Balanced equation
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
1. A word equation and a skeletal equation are not balanced, so the number of atoms and the mass are not matched on the two sides.
2. Only a balanced equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.

Teacher's Note:
1. Balanced equations satisfy the law of conservation of mass.
2. Skeletal equations are the starting point.

Question 26: Among the following, the correct balanced equation is
(a) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
(b) Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
(c) N2 + H2 → NH3
(d) N2 + O2 → NO
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

Explanation:
1. In (a) Fe: 3 = 3, H: 8 = 8, O: 4 = 4, so it is balanced.
2. The other three are unbalanced skeletal equations.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count each element.
2. A small unbalanced equation is easy to miss.

Question 27: Which of the following represents the limitation of chemical equations?
(a) It fails to provide the information regarding actual concentrations of the reactants taken and the products formed in the chemical reaction
(b) Time taken for the completion of the chemical change is not provided by the chemical equation
(c) It does not tell whether the reaction is feasible or not
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. A chemical equation does not give concentrations, the time taken, or whether the reaction can occur.
2. So all three statements are limitations.

Teacher's Note:
1. An equation is a symbolic summary only.
2. Experiments give the rest of the information.

Question 28: Consider the reactions: H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl and 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O. Which option identifies the reactants and products of the reactions?
(a) Reactants: 2H2, O2 and H2O; products: H2, Cl2 and HCl
(b) Reactants: HCl and 2H2O; products: H2, Cl2, 2H2 and O2
(c) Reactants: H2, Cl2, 2H2 and O2; products: HCl and 2H2O
(d) Reactants: H2, Cl2 and HCl; products: 2H2, O2 and H2O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Reactants: H2, Cl2, 2H2 and O2; products: HCl and 2H2O

Explanation:
1. Substances written on the left of the arrow are reactants.
2. Substances on the right of the arrow are products: HCl and water.

Teacher's Note:
1. Left of the arrow: reactants.
2. Right of the arrow: products.

Question 29: A test tube along with calcium carbonate in it initially weighed 30.08 g. A heating experiment was performed on this test tube till calcium carbonate completely decomposed with evolution of a gas. The loss of weight during this experiment was 4.40 g. What is the weight of the empty test tube? (100 g of CaCO3 gives 44 g of CO2.)
(a) 20.08 g
(b) 21.00 g
(c) 24.50 g
(d) 2.008 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 20.08 g

Explanation:
1. The lost mass is carbon dioxide: 4.40 g. CaCO3 needed = 4.40 × 100 ÷ 44 = 10.0 g.
2. Empty tube = 30.08 g − 10.0 g = 20.08 g.

Teacher's Note:
1. The gas escapes, so the mass decreases.
2. Use 100 g : 44 g.

Question 30: Identify the correct chemical reaction.
(a) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur trioxide
(b) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and water
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate
(d) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to form zinc nitrite and silver
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate

Explanation:
1. (c): 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4, a precipitation reaction.
2. (b) should give hydrogen, not water, as the second product; (d) gives zinc nitrate, not nitrite; (a) is wrong because burning H2S in air gives sulphur dioxide (not sulphur trioxide).

Teacher's Note:
1. Check the products named in each statement.
2. Zinc forms nitrate with silver nitrate.

Question 31: When SO2 gas is passed through a saturated solution of H2S, which of the following reactions occurs?
(a) SO2 + 2H2S → 2H2O + 3S
(b) SO2 + 2H2S → H2O + 3S
(c) SO2 + H2S → H2O + S
(d) SO2 + H2O → SO3 + H2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) SO2 + 2H2S → 2H2O + 3S

Explanation:
1. Sulphur dioxide oxidises hydrogen sulphide, and sulphur is deposited.
2. Only option (a) is balanced: S: 1 + 2 = 3, H: 4 = 4, O: 2 = 2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count each element in every option.
2. Yellow sulphur is deposited.

Assertion–Reason Questions

Question 32:
Assertion (A): Chemical equations should be balanced.
Reason (R): As per the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Both statements are true.
2. Because mass is conserved, the atoms on the two sides must be equal, so R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Balancing follows from conservation of mass.
2. Always count atoms of each element.

Question 33:
Assertion (A): Mg + O2 → MgO is a skeletal equation.
Reason (R): The equation Mg + O2 → MgO is not balanced.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. A skeletal equation shows the reactants and products without balancing.
2. The equation has 2 O atoms on the left and 1 on the right, so it is unbalanced; R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Define skeletal equation first.
2. Then test the given equation for balance.

Question 34:
Assertion (A): The balancing of chemical equations is based on the law of conservation of mass.
Reason (R): The total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of products.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Both statements are true.
2. Equal masses on both sides is exactly what the law says, so R is the reason for A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mass of reactants = mass of products.
2. It is the reason we balance equations.

Question 35:
Assertion (A): Chemical equations can be made more informative.
Reason (R): We can write the physical states of reactants and products, the temperature and pressure, the name of the catalyst used, etc.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Both statements are true.
2. The extra details listed in R are exactly what make an equation more informative.

Teacher's Note:
1. State symbols, conditions and catalysts add information.
2. They are written with the formulae or on the arrow.

Question 36:
Assertion (A): Equation C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) is an example of a combination reaction.
Reason (R): In the above equation, carbon and oxygen react to give carbon dioxide.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Two substances combine to form a single product, so A is true.
2. R describes this same fact, so it explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. A combination reaction has a single product.
2. Burning carbon is also exothermic.

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