CBSE Class 10 Science Advanced Physics Source of Energy Nuclear Fission and Fusion MCQs Set 02

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Biogas is an excellent fuel because it contains up to:
(a) 75% methane.
(b) 75% carbondioxide.
(c) 75% hydrogen.
(d) 75% hydrogen sulphide.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 75% methane.

Explanation:
1. Methane is the combustible main component of biogas and can be up to about 75%.
2. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. CO2 and H2S do not give heat.
2. Methane gives the high calorific value.

Question 2: The ultimate source of energy for fuels is:
(a) coal.
(b) sun.
(c) natural gas.
(d) petroleum.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) sun.

Explanation:
1. Fossil fuels formed from plants and animals that depended on sunlight.
2. So the Sun is the ultimate source.
3. The answer is (B).

Teacher's Note:
1. Coal, gas and petroleum are only stores.
2. Trace energy back to its origin.

Question 3: The particles not emitted from radioactive substances are : [Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2007]
(a) Electron
(b) Proton
(c) \( \gamma \)–particles
(d) Helium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Proton

Explanation:
1. Radioactive substances emit alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles (electrons) and gamma rays.
2. Protons are not emitted.
3. The answer is (B).

Teacher's Note:
1. Alpha = helium nucleus; beta = electron.
2. Learn the three radiations.

Question 4: Liquified gases in the fuel used in geo-stationary satellite launch vehicle are [Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2007]
(a) liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
(b) liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen
(c) liquid hydrogen and liquid helium
(d) liquid nitrogen and liquid helium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen

Explanation:
1. Cryogenic rocket engines burn liquid hydrogen as fuel with liquid oxygen as oxidiser.
2. Nitrogen and helium do not burn.
3. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. A fuel needs an oxidiser.
2. Hydrogen has a very high calorific value.

Question 5: The source of energy of the sun is : [West Bengal/ NTSE Stage-I/2013]
(a) Nuclear fission
(b) Chemical reaction
(c) Nuclear fusion
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Nuclear fusion

Explanation:
1. Hydrogen nuclei in the Sun fuse to form helium at millions of kelvin.
2. So the Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion, option (C).

Teacher's Note:
1. Hans Bethe proposed this in 1939.
2. Fission is for heavy nuclei.

Question 6: Which country is called the country of Wind mills ? [Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2013]
(a) Holland
(b) Britain
(c) India
(d) America
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Holland

Explanation:
1. The Netherlands (Holland) is famous for its windmills.
2. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. This is a general knowledge fact.
2. Holland is also called the Netherlands.

Question 7: Who was the first President of Atomic energy commission in India : [Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2013]
(a) Homi Jahangir Bhabha
(b) Vikram Sarabhai
(c) Prof. M.S. Swaminathan
(d) Prof. Meghnad Saha
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Homi Jahangir Bhabha

Explanation:
1. Homi Jahangir Bhabha was the first chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India (1948).
2. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. Sarabhai is linked with space research.
2. Swaminathan with agriculture.

Question 8: The type of radiation absorbed by CO2 molecule in atmosphere are [Delhi/ NTSE Stage-I/2013]
(a) X-rays
(b) Gamma rays
(c) Infra-red rays
(d) UV-rays
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Infra-red rays

Explanation:
1. Carbon dioxide absorbs the heat (infrared) radiation from the earth.
2. This causes the greenhouse effect.
3. The answer is (C).

Teacher's Note:
1. Ozone absorbs UV, not CO2.
2. Greenhouse gases trap infrared.

Question 9: Which of the following statement is incorrect? [M.P./ NTSE Stage-I/2013]
(a) Charges on an electron and proton are equal and opposite
(b) Neutron have no charge
(c) Electron and proton have same mass
(d) Masses of proton and neutron are nearly the same
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Electron and proton have same mass

Explanation:
1. A proton is about 1836 times heavier than an electron.
2. So the statement that they have the same mass is incorrect.
3. The answer is (C).

Teacher's Note:
1. Read for the false statement.
2. Proton and neutron masses are about 1 u each.

Question 10: In a nuclear reaction given below the total energy released is 355 kev and the binding energy of electron is 35 kev. The energy E of the neutrino will be : [Bihar/ NTSE Stage-I/2014]
\( {}^{131}_{55}\mathrm{Cs} + {}^{\ 0}_{-1}\mathrm{e} \rightarrow {}^{131}_{54}\mathrm{Xe} + \nu \)
(a) E < 355 kev
(b) E = 355 kev
(c) E > 355 kev
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) E < 355 kev

Explanation:
1. Part of the 355 keV goes to the binding of the captured electron (35 keV) and some to the recoil of the xenon nucleus.
2. So the neutrino gets less than 355 keV (about 320 keV or a little less).
3. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. The neutrino cannot receive more than the total energy available.
2. Subtract the other shares.

Question 11: Energy released per fission of a \( {}_{92}\mathrm{U}^{238} \) nucleus is nearly equal to : [Jharkhand/ NTSE Stage-I/2015]
(a) 931 MeV
(b) 1000 MeV
(c) 200 MeV
(d) 800 MeV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 200 MeV

Explanation:
1. Each fission of uranium releases about 200 MeV.
2. The answer is (C).

Teacher's Note:
1. 8 MeV is the binding energy per nucleon, not the energy per fission.
2. Remember about 200 MeV per fission.

Question 12: In the sun four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus and the amount of energy released is - [Bihar/ NTSE Stage-I/2015]
(a) 13 MeV
(b) 26 MeV
(c) 39 MeV
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 26 MeV

Explanation:
1. Four protons form one helium nucleus with a mass defect of about 0.0287 u.
2. Energy = 0.0287 × 931 ≈ 26.7 MeV, about 26 MeV.
3. The answer is (B).

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the net result of the proton-proton chain.
2. Memorise 26 MeV.

Question 13: What is the energy within each nucleon ? (mass = 1.66 x 10–27 Kg) [Bihar/ NTSE Stage-I/2015]
(a) 934 MeV
(b) 944 MeV
(c) 954 MeV
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 934 MeV

Explanation:
1. E = mc² = 1.66 × 10–27 × (3 × 108)² = 1.494 × 10–10 J.
2. In MeV: 1.494 × 10–10 ÷ 1.6 × 10–13 = 933.75, about 934 MeV.
3. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. Use 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10–13 J.
2. This matches 1 u = 931 MeV.

Question 14: What is the full form of PNG ? [Gujrat/ NTSE Stage-I/2017]
(a) Petrol Natural Gas
(b) Pipe Natural Gas
(c) Pressurise Natural Gas
(d) Pure Natural Gas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pipe Natural Gas

Explanation:
1. PNG means piped natural gas, supplied to homes through pipes.
2. The answer is (B).

Teacher's Note:
1. CNG is compressed natural gas.
2. PNG is delivered by pipeline.

Question 15: Which of the following is renewable source of energy ? [Bihar/ NTSE Stage-I/2017]
(a) Wood
(b) Petroleum
(c) Natural gas
(d) Uranium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Wood

Explanation:
1. Petroleum, natural gas and uranium exist in limited amounts.
2. Wood can be grown again, so it is renewable.
3. The answer is (A).

Teacher's Note:
1. Fossil fuels are non-renewable.
2. Trees can be replanted.

Question 16: Which metal is used to connect solar cell to solar panels ? [Delhi/ NTSE Stage-I/2017]
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Copper
(d) Aluminium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Silver

Explanation:
1. Silver is the best conductor, so it loses the least electricity.
2. The answer is (B).

Teacher's Note:
1. Silver makes panels costly but efficient.
2. Copper is cheaper but less conducting.

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Practice MCQs for Class 10 Physics Source of Energy Nuclear Fission and Fusion

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