CBSE Class 10 Physics Famous Scientists and Inventions MCQs Set 05

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Famous Scientists and Inventions

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was discovered by
(a) Maxwell
(b) Faraday
(c) Fleming
(d) Lenz
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Faraday

Explanation:
1. Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lenz gave the law for the direction of the induced current.

Question 2: Who invented the aeroplane?
(a) Neil Armstrong
(b) Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright
(c) Benjamin Franklin
(d) J. R. D. Tata
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

Explanation:
1. The Wright brothers made the first powered flight in 1903.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tata was a pioneer of Indian aviation.

Question 3: Alexander Graham Bell is credited with the invention of
(a) telegraph
(b) television
(c) telescope
(d) telephone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) telephone

Explanation:
1. Bell patented the telephone in 1876.

Teacher's Note:
1. The unit of sound level is also named after him (decibel).

Question 4: Which scientist discovered and proved that electricity and magnetism are related phenomena?
(a) James Clark Maxwell
(b) Joseph Henry
(c) Hans Christian Oersted
(d) Michael Faraday
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Hans Christian Oersted

Explanation:
1. In 1820 Oersted observed that a current-carrying wire deflects a nearby magnetic compass needle.

Teacher's Note:
1. This showed that electric current produces a magnetic field.

Question 5: The process of controlled nuclear fission was first achieved under the direction of
(a) Heisenberg
(b) James Chadwick
(c) John Dalton
(d) Enrico Fermi
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Enrico Fermi

Explanation:
1. Enrico Fermi built the first nuclear reactor (Chicago Pile-1) in 1942.

Teacher's Note:
1. It produced a self-sustaining controlled chain reaction.

Question 6: The study of sound is called
(a) aurology
(b) acoustics
(c) sonography
(d) aerodynamics
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) acoustics

Explanation:
1. Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with the production, transmission and effects of sound.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aerodynamics deals with moving air.

Question 7: Who discovered the radioactive element radium?
(a) Neils Bohr
(b) Marie Curie
(c) J. J. Thomson
(d) Henry Becquerel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Marie Curie

Explanation:
1. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered radium and polonium in 1898.

Teacher's Note:
1. Becquerel discovered radioactivity.

Question 8: The 'principle of least time' states that, out of all possible paths that light might travel from one point to another, it travels the path that requires the shortest time. Who gave this principle?
(a) Pierre Fermat
(b) Christian Huygens
(c) De Broglie
(d) Pierre Curie
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pierre Fermat

Explanation:
1. Pierre de Fermat stated the principle of least time.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reflection and refraction laws can be derived from it.

Question 9: Who invented the pendulum clock?
(a) Benjamin Franklin
(b) Christian Huygens
(c) Thomas Alva Edison
(d) Leonardo Da Vinci
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Christian Huygens

Explanation:
1. Christian Huygens built the first pendulum clock in 1656.

Teacher's Note:
1. It was based on Galileo's discovery of the regularity of pendulum swings.

Question 10: The hydraulic brakes used in automobiles are a direct application of
(a) Pascal's law
(b) Torricellian law
(c) Archimedes' principle
(d) Newton's law of motion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pascal's law

Explanation:
1. In hydraulic brakes pressure applied by the driver on the brake fluid is transmitted equally to all brake pistons.
2. This is Pascal's law.

Teacher's Note:
1. The same principle works in hydraulic lifts.

Question 11: The electron was discovered by
(a) Ernest Rutherford
(b) James Chadwick
(c) J. J. Thomson
(d) Neils Bohr
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) J. J. Thomson

Explanation:
1. J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 using cathode rays.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rutherford discovered the nucleus.

Question 12: The barometer was invented by
(a) Galileo Galilei
(b) Archimedes
(c) Sir Isaac Newton
(d) Evangelista Torricelli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Evangelista Torricelli

Explanation:
1. Torricelli invented the mercury barometer in 1643.

Teacher's Note:
1. The unit torr is named after him.

Question 13: Who predicted the existence and nature of electromagnetic waves, and later suggested that light itself is a form of electromagnetic wave?
(a) Heinrich Hertz
(b) James Clerk Maxwell
(c) Michael Faraday
(d) Christian Huygens
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) James Clerk Maxwell

Explanation:
1. Maxwell predicted electromagnetic waves theoretically and showed that light is one.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hertz later produced them experimentally.

Question 14: Which scientist demonstrated that two parallel current-carrying wires attract or repel each other depending on whether the currents flow in the same or opposite directions?
(a) Andre Marie Ampere
(b) Hans Christian Oersted
(c) James Clark Maxwell
(d) Michael Faraday
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Andre Marie Ampere

Explanation:
1. Ampere showed that parallel currents in the same direction attract and in opposite directions repel.

Teacher's Note:
1. The SI unit of current is named after him.

Question 15: Who led the project that built the first atom bomb?
(a) Edward Teller
(b) Thomas Edison
(c) Albert Einstein
(d) J. Robert Oppenheimer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) J. Robert Oppenheimer

Explanation:
1. J. Robert Oppenheimer directed the Los Alamos laboratory of the Manhattan Project.

Teacher's Note:
1. Teller is known as the father of the hydrogen bomb.

Question 16: The Greek scientist Archimedes gave
(a) the principle of reversibility of light
(b) the principle of buoyancy
(c) the principle of levers
(d) both the principle of buoyancy and the principle of levers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) both the principle of buoyancy and the principle of levers

Explanation:
1. Archimedes stated the principle of buoyancy for bodies immersed in a fluid.
2. He also explained the principle of levers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reversibility of light was not his work.

Question 17: Who invented the diesel engine?
(a) James Watt
(b) Adolf Diesel
(c) Wilbur Wright
(d) Rudolf Diesel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Rudolf Diesel

Explanation:
1. Rudolf Diesel invented the engine that bears his name in the 1890s.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diesel engines use compression ignition.

Question 18: Superconductivity was discovered by
(a) Georg Simon Ohm
(b) Nikola Tesla
(c) Andre-Marie Ampere
(d) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Explanation:
1. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes observed in 1911 that mercury loses all electrical resistance near 4 K.

Teacher's Note:
1. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913.

Question 19: Who invented the electric bulb (as a commercially practical lamp)?
(a) Albert Einstein
(b) Thomas Alva Edison
(c) James Watt
(d) James Joule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Thomas Alva Edison

Explanation:
1. Thomas Alva Edison developed a long-lasting practical incandescent lamp in 1879.

Teacher's Note:
1. Many inventors worked on earlier versions.

Question 20: Who invented the electric battery?
(a) Alessandro Volta
(b) Andre Marie Ampere
(c) Georg Simon Ohm
(d) Michael Faraday
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Alessandro Volta

Explanation:
1. Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic pile, the first electric battery, in 1800.

Teacher's Note:
1. The unit of potential difference, the volt, is named after him.

Question 21: Which scientist introduced the concept of nanotechnology in his 1959 lecture 'There's plenty of room at the bottom'?
(a) Richard P. Feynman
(b) Richard E. Smalley
(c) Robert F. Curl
(d) K. Eric Drexler
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Richard P. Feynman

Explanation:
1. Richard Feynman first suggested manipulating matter at the atomic scale in 1959.

Teacher's Note:
1. Drexler popularised the term later.

Question 22: The telescope was first invented by
(a) Sir Isaac Newton
(b) Hans Lippershey
(c) Copernicus
(d) Galileo
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hans Lippershey

Explanation:
1. The Dutch spectacle-maker Hans Lippershey applied for a patent on the telescope in 1608.

Teacher's Note:
1. Galileo was the first to use a telescope for astronomy.

Question 23: X-rays were discovered by
(a) Marie Curie
(b) W. C. Roentgen
(c) James Chadwick
(d) H. Yukawa
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) W. C. Roentgen

Explanation:
1. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895.

Teacher's Note:
1. He received the first Nobel Prize in Physics.

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FAQs

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