CBSE Class 10 English (Lang & Lit) Question Paper 2026 Solved Code 2-1-3

SECTION A

READING SKILLS

1. Read the following text: [10 Marks]

(1) Pancakes, a beloved breakfast dish across the world, has a surprisingly long and diverse history. Archaeological evidence shows that people were cooking pancake as food as far back as 30,000 years ago on hot stones and primitive griddles.
(2) In ancient Greece and Rome, pancakes were made from wheat flour, olive oil, honey, and curdled milk. They were often served as a sweet treat during festivals or special occasions. In medieval Europe, pancakes became a popular dish during Shrove Tuesday, the day before Lent began. In France, thin crepes became a national delicacy, often filled with sweet or savoury ingredients. In Russia, blinis were made using buckwheat flour and served with sour cream or caviar. In Ethiopia, the spongy injera became a staple food, made from teff flour and used as both a plate and utensil. Similarly, in China, pancakes are often savoury while in Japan, fluffy "souffle pancakes" have become a modern favourite.
(3) The American version of pancakes, thick and soft, gained popularity in the 18th century. The use of baking powder made them light and airy, and they were often served with butter and maple syrup - a symbol of hearty comfort food. Over time, pancakes became a universal dish, symbolizing community and celebration. Whether sweet or savoury, thick or thin, every culture has found a way to adapt this simple food to its own taste and traditions.
(4) India has its own rich tradition of similar dishes that have been enjoyed for centuries. Across the country, almost every region has a version of a pancake - whether sweet or savoury - made from grains, pulses, or rice. These Indian pancakes not only satisfy hunger but also reflect the diversity of India's culinary culture. In South India, dosas and adai are the most famous forms of pancakes. Made from a fermented batter of rice and lentils, dosas are crisp and light, while adai is thicker and more filling. The fermentation process adds a unique sour flavor and makes them nutritious and easy to digest. In Kerala, the appam, made with fermented rice batter and coconut milk, is soft in the center and crispy at the edges. Moving north, we find the western style cheela, a simple and wholesome Indian pancake made from gram flour, spiced with onions, chillies and coriander. In Maharashtra, the thalipeeth is a multigrain pancake that uses flours like jowar, bajra and rice mixed with spices and vegetables. It is both flavorful and filling, providing a good balance of carbohydrates and proteins.
(5) In the eastern parts of India, pitha is a traditional pancake made during festivals and special occasions. Varieties like patishapta in Bengal are sweet, filled with coconut and jaggery. In Assam and Odisha, pithas can be steamed, fried, or roasted, depending on the custom and region. In the western deserts of Rajasthan and Gujarat, people prepare chilla and handvo, which are savoury western pancake-like dishes baked in traditional ovens. These pancakes are a blank canvas for toppings, waiting for a splash of fruit or a scattering of condiments.
(6) Today, pancakes continue to evolve with new recipes, from vegan and gluten-free varieties to those infused with fruits, oats, or even protein powder. Despite their many forms, they remain a timeless reminder of how food connects mankind through shared history and creativity. Each pancake tells a story of regional identity, food traditions and a deep love for food that brings people together. Pancakes are warm, edible hugs that are a perfect comfort on a bleak day.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above: [10 Marks]

I. In paragraph 1, what does the phrase 'has a surprisingly long and diverse history' mean? [1 Mark]

Answer: It means that people never expected pancake-like food to have existed for so very long, as far back as 30,000 years ago, and in so many different places and ways.

Teacher's Note:
a) Focus on both ideas - long duration and diversity.
b) Avoid simply repeating the phrase without explaining it.

II. Complete the following with the correct option from the two given:
The uniqueness of the spongy injera, is that ________. [1 Mark]
(A) it is both a savoury and a sweet
(B) it can be used for cooking and also for eating
(Paragraph 2)

Answer: (B) it can be used for cooking and also for eating

Teacher's Note:
a) Injera is used as both a plate and a utensil, as stated in the passage.
b) Read paragraph 2 carefully before choosing.

III. How are American pancakes made light and fluffy? When did the American-style pancakes gain popularity? (Paragraph 3) [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The use of baking powder made American pancakes light and fluffy.
2. The American version of pancakes, thick and soft, gained popularity in the 18th century.

Teacher's Note:
a) Answer both parts of the question separately.
b) Use the exact fact - baking powder - from the passage.

IV. State whether the following statement is True or False:
Every culture has adopted the pancake and tempered it with its own ingredients, flavour and taste. (Paragraph 3) [1 Mark]

Answer: True

Teacher's Note:
a) The passage confirms every culture adapted the pancake to its own taste and traditions.
b) Do not overthink True/False items - check the exact paragraph reference.

V. The writer mentions 'fermentation process'. Based on the information given in the passage, which of the following pancakes are made from the fermentation process? [1 Mark]
(A) Dosa and appam
(B) Chilla and thalipeeth
(C) Blinis and souffle
(D) Pitha and patishapta

Answer: (A) Dosa and appam

Teacher's Note:
a) Dosa uses fermented rice-lentil batter and appam uses fermented rice batter.
b) Do not confuse fermented dishes with baked or roasted ones.

VI. Select the option that best explains the phrase about pancakes being, 'a blank canvas' (Paragraph 5): [1 Mark]
(A) Like a painter starts with a blank canvas, a diner can get creative.
(B) Pancakes reflect the 30,000 old lineage of being the first food.

Answer: (A) Like a painter starts with a blank canvas, a diner can get creative.

Teacher's Note:
a) The comparison is to a painter's blank canvas which invites creativity.
b) Match the figurative meaning, not a literal fact about history.

VII. List any two points from the passage that support the statement, 'pancakes are a timeless reminder of how food connects people.' (Paragraph 6) [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Pancakes remain a timeless reminder of how food connects mankind through shared history and creativity.
2. Each pancake tells a story of regional identity, food traditions and a deep love for food that brings people together.

Teacher's Note:
a) Give exactly two points as asked.
b) Use direct evidence from paragraph 6.

VIII. Fill in the blank with the correct option from those given:
In the line 'warm, edible hugs that are a perfect comfort on a bleak day' the phrase 'warm, edible hugs' refers to ________. (Paragraph 6) [1 Mark]
(A) comfort food that provides a sense of emotional security
(B) the pancake that represents the history of the region
(C) the choice of eating hot steaming pancakes
(D) the food that gives you energy

Answer: (A) comfort food that provides a sense of emotional security

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Hugs' is a metaphor for emotional comfort, not physical energy.
b) Connect the phrase to the idea of comfort food.

2. Read the following text: [10 Marks]

(1) Rate of Internet Reach in India: 2014-2024
The rate of internet reach in India rose over 52% in 2024 from about 14% in 2014. Although these figures seem relatively low, it meant that more than half of the population of 1.4 billion people had internet access that year. This also ranked the country second in the world in terms of active internet users.
(2) Internet availability and accessibility
By 2021 the number of internet connections across the country tripled in urban areas because of a higher density of population leading to an increase in the number of connections. However, despite of incredibly low internet prices, internet usage in India has yet to reach its full potential. Lack of awareness about the internet in India persists, especially in rural areas and among women, driven by digital divide, infrastructure limitations, and a lack of perceived need for the internet. This hinders digital adoption, with many not knowing how to use the internet or even being aware of its existence. Targeted awareness campaigns and digital literacy programs are crucial to bridge this gap and ensure people understand and can benefit from the digital ecosystem.
(3) Digital living
Home to one of the largest bases of netizens in the world, India is abuzz with internet activities being carried out every moment of every day. From information and research to shopping and entertainment to living in smart homes, Indians have welcomed digital living with open arms.
Rate of Internet Reach in India
S. No.: 1 | Year: 2017 | Percentage: 24.0
S. No.: 2 | Year: 2018 | Percentage: 28.5
S. No.: 3 | Year: 2019 | Percentage: 33.7
S. No.: 4 | Year: 2020 | Percentage: 43.4
S. No.: 5 | Year: 2021 | Percentage: 46.3
S. No.: 6 | Year: 2022 | Percentage: 48.1
S. No.: 7 | Year: 2023 | Percentage: 51.5
S. No.: 8 | Year: 2024 | Percentage: 52.4
S. No.: 9 | Year: 2025 | Percentage: 55.3

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above: [10 Marks]

I. What does the use of the term "active internet users" convey? [1 Mark]
(A) Active people who use internet
(B) Active people who use active internet
(C) People who use active internet
(D) People who use internet actively

Answer: (D) People who use internet actively

Teacher's Note:
a) Focus on the word 'actively' as the key qualifier.
b) Avoid options that repeat 'active' meaninglessly.

II. Select the option that is true for the Assertion and Reason given below:
Assertion: India is home to one of the largest bases of netizens in the world.
Reason: Lack of awareness and a tangible gender gap lie at the heart of the matter. [1 Mark]
(A) Both the Assertion and the Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(B) Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(C) The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(D) The Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.

Answer: (B) Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both statements are factually true but the reason explains poor internet reach, not the size of the netizen base.
b) Check the logical link between the two statements before answering.

III. Identify the word that indicates that internet reach is 'comparatively' low. (Paragraph 1) [1 Mark]

Answer: relatively

Teacher's Note:
a) Look for a single synonym-type word in the paragraph.
b) One-word answers need no extra explanation.

IV. Based on the table which of the following time period illustrates the maximum internet usage? [1 Mark]
(A) 2017 to 2020
(B) 2023 to 2025
(C) 2020 to 2023
(D) 2019 to 2022

Answer: (B) 2023 to 2025 (the marking scheme also accepts option (C) 2020 to 2023)

Teacher's Note:
a) Calculate the increase in percentage for each period before choosing.
b) Two options are accepted here, so either is correct.

V. From the passage identify one reason why there are less internet users among women? [1 Mark]

Answer: Lack of awareness about the internet, driven by the digital divide, is one reason for fewer internet users among women.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any one valid reason from the passage is acceptable.
b) Other accepted reasons include infrastructure limitations or lack of perceived need.

VI. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in brackets:
Infrastructure limitations ________ (impedes/spurs) digital adoption. [1 Mark]

Answer: impedes

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Impedes' means to hinder, matching the negative effect described.
b) 'Spurs' means to encourage, which is the opposite meaning.

VII. Complete the following with a suitable reason:
An increase in the number of connections in urban areas is because of ________. [1 Mark]

Answer: a higher density of population in urban areas.

Teacher's Note:
a) The reason is directly stated in paragraph 2.
b) Keep the answer short and precise.

VIII. Which are the two ways to bridge the gap of digital unawareness? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Targeted awareness campaigns.
2. Digital literacy programs.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both terms appear together in the same sentence of paragraph 2.
b) Give exactly two ways as the question asks.

IX. In the context of the last paragraph how does the author justify the statement, 'Indians have welcomed digital living with open arms'. [1 Mark]

Answer: The author justifies this by stating that India is abuzz with internet activities every moment of every day - covering information, research, shopping, entertainment and even smart homes.

Teacher's Note:
a) Use the exact examples given in paragraph 3.
b) One clear justification is enough for full marks.

SECTION B

GRAMMAR AND CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS

3. Complete ANY TEN of twelve of the following tasks, as directed: [10 Marks]

I. Fill in the blank with correct option to complete a message from Yogita to her friend Shobit:
Dear Shobit,
Let's meet at 5 p.m. for the rehearsal but I need to go home first as I ________ anything since morning. [1 Mark]
(A) did not eat
(B) had not eaten
(C) have not eaten
(D) am not eating

Answer: (C) have not eaten

Teacher's Note:
a) Use present perfect since the action began in the past and continues to affect the present.
b) 'Since morning' is a clear signal for the present perfect tense.

II. Read the given sentence from a self-help book. Identify the error and supply the correction in the given format:
To identifying your goal is the biggest step in your success story. [1 Mark]
Error: ____
Correction: ____

Answer: Error: identifying, Correction: identify

Teacher's Note:
a) The infinitive form 'to identify' is required, not the gerund.
b) Check subject-verb pattern before finalising corrections.

III. Yamini asked her friend Shifa, "Would you like to come for my birthday party tomorrow?"
Report Yamini's question correctly. [1 Mark]

Answer: Yamini asked her friend Shifa if/whether she would like to come for her birthday party the next day.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Tomorrow' changes to 'the next day' in reported speech.
b) Use if/whether to introduce a reported yes/no question.

IV. Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete a newspaper clipping:
The verdict is yet to come since the members of the jury ________ (is/are) divided in their opinion. [1 Mark]

Answer: are

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Members' is the plural subject, so the plural verb 'are' is used.
b) Do not be misled by the singular collective noun 'jury'.

V. Read Somil's request to his mother:
"Can you teach me to swim?"
Report Somil's request by completing the following sentence correctly:
Somil asked his mother ________ [1 Mark]

Answer: if/whether she could teach him to swim.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Can' changes to 'could' in reported speech.
b) Pronouns also change according to the speaker.

VI. Identify and correct the error in the given line taken from a critical review of a recently staged play:
'As an actor, Ravi Raj, is superior then any other contemporary actor.' [1 Mark]
Options | Error | Correction
(A) | an | the
(B) | is | were
(C) | then | to
(D) | other | another

Answer: (C) then - to

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Superior to' is the correct comparative form, not 'superior then'.
b) Do not confuse 'then' (time) with 'than'-type comparison words.

VII. Complete the given line from 'Rules and Regulations' section of a school diary:
Minimum 75% attendance is ________ to appear for the final examinations. [1 Mark]
(A) recorded
(B) mandatory
(C) secured
(D) obtained

Answer: (B) mandatory

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Mandatory' means compulsory, fitting the rule-based tone of a school diary.
b) Other options do not fit the meaning of a strict requirement.

VIII. Detect the error and supply the correction for the given newspaper report on a proposal by a Member of Advisory Board:
After the meeting it was obvious that most stakeholders would not support ________ proposals. [1 Mark]
(A) this
(B) that
(C) the
(D) these

Answer: (C) the (the marking scheme also accepts option (D) these)

Teacher's Note:
a) 'The' works as a definite article referring to known proposals.
b) 'These' also works if 'proposals' is treated as plural and specific.

IX. Report the dialogue between a flight attendant and a passenger by filling in the blank:
Attendant: Did you have your dinner, sir?
Passenger: Yes, thank you!
The flight attendant asked the passenger ________. The passenger replied in affirmation and thanked him. [1 Mark]

Answer: whether/if he had had his dinner.

Teacher's Note:
a) Past tense 'did' changes to past perfect 'had had' in reported speech.
b) Use if/whether for reported yes/no questions.

X. Select the correct option to complete the given sentence from the memoir of your grandparent:
'When I was the team Captain, I ________ often organise get-togethers to develop bonding among the team mates.' [1 Mark]
(A) could
(B) will
(C) shall
(D) would

Answer: (D) would

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Would' is used for a repeated past habit or action.
b) 'Will' and 'shall' are used for future actions, not past habits.

XI. Complete the given sentence about the reaction of a tourist to another, by selecting the correct option:
Yesterday you loved the spicy Indian curry, ________ you? [1 Mark]
(A) hasn't
(B) weren't
(C) did
(D) didn't

Answer: (D) didn't

Teacher's Note:
a) A positive statement in simple past takes a negative question tag with 'did'.
b) Match the tense of the main verb (loved) to the tag.

XII. Read the conversation between a professional writer and a school student:
Student: What prompted you to become a professional writer?
Writer: My childhood library housed books of all kinds. I was fascinated with the compelling stories and wanted to create my own.
Report the student's question. [1 Mark]

Answer: The student asked the writer what had prompted him/her to become a professional writer.

Teacher's Note:
a) A 'wh' question is reported without if/whether, keeping the question word.
b) The tense shifts back to past perfect in reported speech.

CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS

4. Attempt ANY ONE from (A) and (B) given below: [5 Marks]

(A) You are Roshni/Roshan, a concerned resident of Aryan Colony. There is a school inside your colony because of which there is traffic chaos and congestion during drop off and pick up timings. This has resulted in episodes of road rage as well as injuries to both students and residents. Write a letter to the Traffic Commissioner drawing his attention to the problem. Press on the urgent need to find solutions to reduce traffic congestion during peak hours. [5 Marks]

Answer:
Examination Hall
Aryan Colony
Date: 15 February, 2026

The Traffic Commissioner
City Traffic Police Department

Subject: Request for measures to control traffic congestion near Aryan Colony school

Sir,
I am Roshni, a resident of Aryan Colony, writing to bring to your notice a serious traffic problem near the school located inside our colony.
1. During drop off and pick up timings, severe traffic congestion causes long delays for residents and commuters.
2. Frequent road rage incidents and minor collisions have occurred due to indiscipline among drivers.
3. The noise pollution created during peak hours disturbs local residents.
4. There is a lack of traffic personnel and proper regulation at the spot.
I request you to depute traffic police and school guards at peak hours, create designated parking and drop off zones, and improve public transport facilities to reduce private vehicle congestion. I hope for your immediate intervention.
Thanking you,
Yours truly,
Roshni

Teacher's Note:
a) Include at least four points, two on the problem and two as suggestions.
b) Follow the formal letter format with sender's address, subject and closing.
c) Keep the tone respectful and the request clear.

OR

(B) You are Arti/Ashok Shukla, a resident of Nirman Vihar, Karnal. You have witnessed the children of your locality taking charge of the neighbourhood clean up. They not only dedicated weekend mornings in cleaning parks but also put up posters spreading awareness of segregated waste management. This move has made the area an immensely pleasant experience for all residents. Inspired by your experience, write a letter to the editor of the Times of India sharing your views on the power of teenagers when it comes to community welfare. Add how their proactiveness for civic welfare adds to their wholesome personality development. [5 Marks]

Answer:
Examination Hall
Nirman Vihar, Karnal
Date: 15 February, 2026

The Editor
Times of India

Subject: The power of teenagers in community welfare

Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to share my views on the growing role of teenagers in civic welfare.
1. In our locality, teenagers have taken charge of a neighbourhood clean-up, dedicating weekend mornings to cleaning parks.
2. They put up posters spreading awareness about segregated waste management, promoting environmental awareness.
3. Such initiatives promote civic responsibility and nurture leadership skills among the young.
4. This proactive approach also motivates their peers and leads to holistic personality development, building empathy and constructive use of time.
I hope such efforts by our youth are acknowledged and encouraged through vocational and mentorship programmes by concerned authorities.
Thanking you,
Yours truly,
Arti

Teacher's Note:
a) Cover both the incident and its impact on personality development.
b) Use a formal, persuasive tone appropriate for a letter to the editor.
c) End with a constructive suggestion for recognition or support.

5. Attempt ANY ONE from (A) and (B) given below: [5 Marks]

(A) Improvements in sports infrastructure with a focus on multi-purpose sustainable facilities as well as the integration of technology along with a grassroot centric approach is the key to bring Indian athletes on the world stage.
Write an analytical paragraph on the above statement in about 120 words, expressing your views on how improved infrastructure can help Indian athletes win accolades for the nation. [5 Marks]

Answer: Sports infrastructure plays a crucial role in shaping the future of Indian athletes on the global stage. Improvement in sports infrastructure ensures that athletes get access to quality training facilities from an early age. A focus on multi-purpose sustainable facilities allows resources to be used efficiently across different sports, reducing costs and increasing accessibility, especially in smaller towns. In addition, integration of technology, such as performance analytics and advanced equipment, helps athletes fine-tune their skills scientifically and compete with international standards. Furthermore, a grassroot centric approach ensures that talent is identified and nurtured early, rather than being overlooked. Therefore, when these three factors work together, they create a strong pipeline of trained athletes capable of winning international accolades and bringing pride to the nation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Cover at least four points - infrastructure, sustainability, technology and grassroot approach.
b) Use linking words like 'in addition', 'furthermore' and 'therefore' for cohesion.
c) Write as a single analytical paragraph, not a list or summary.

OR

(B) Read the following details about the characteristics of the Indian start-up ecosystem:
1. one of the most vibrant and largest in the world.
2. drives innovation across various fields.
3. brings unique solutions to major challenges both domestic and international.
4. has entered various fields - healthcare, e-commerce, agriculture.
5. supported by funding and government initiatives.
In about 120 words analyse the future of startups in India considering factors that have supported its growth in the country. Focus on aspects of the need, benefits, and support needed for these startups. [5 Marks]

Answer: The Indian start-up ecosystem is one of the most vibrant and largest in the world, and its future looks extremely promising. It drives innovation across various fields, bringing unique solutions to major challenges, both domestic and international. This need for innovative problem solving has led to start-ups entering diverse sectors such as healthcare, e-commerce and agriculture, transforming how everyday needs are met. Moreover, this growth is supported by strong funding networks and various government initiatives, which provide the financial backbone and policy support required for such ventures to survive and scale. As a result, in the future, with continued investment, mentorship and ease of doing business, Indian start-ups are likely to create employment, boost the economy and place India as a global innovation hub.

Teacher's Note:
a) Analyse and synthesise the given points instead of just listing them.
b) Cover need, benefits and support as instructed in the question.
c) Keep it within a single paragraph of about 120 words.

SECTION C

LITERATURE TEXT BOOK

6. Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two given: [5 Marks]

(A) We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation. We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.
(Nelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom)

I. What is the tone Nelson Mandela is UNLIKELY to have used in his speech? [1 Mark]
(A) inspirational
(B) assertive
(C) conflicted
(D) direct

Answer: (C) conflicted

Teacher's Note:
a) Mandela's tone here is confident and hopeful, not conflicted.
b) Look for the word that does not match the celebratory mood of the speech.

II. According to Mandela, emancipation is not merely political. Elaborate. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Mandela believes true emancipation also means freedom from poverty, deprivation and suffering.
2. It also means freedom from gender and other forms of discrimination in society.

Teacher's Note:
a) Give exactly two forms of freedom mentioned in the extract.
b) Do not limit the answer to only political freedom.

III. Fill in the blank with the correct word from the bracket:
Mandela's speech swings between references to the past and a ________ (bleak/promising) future. [1 Mark]

Answer: promising

Teacher's Note:
a) The tone of the speech is hopeful about the future of South Africa.
b) 'Bleak' contradicts the celebratory mood of the extract.

IV. With reference to the extract explain the sentence, "The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement." [1 Mark]

Answer: It means that South Africa shall never again experience oppression, and the glorious achievement of establishing a non-racial democracy shall last forever.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Sun never setting' is a metaphor for permanence.
b) Link the achievement to democracy and freedom from oppression.

OR

(B) OOP: I haven't a clue. I've been to seven galaxies, but I've never seen anything like this. Maybe they're hats. (He opens a book and puts it on his head.) Say, maybe this is a haberdashery!
OMEGA: (bowing low) Perhaps the Great and Mighty Think-Tank will give us the benefit of his thought on the matter.
THINK-TANK: Elementary, my dear Omega. Hold one of the items up so that I may view it closely. (Omega holds a book on the palm of her hand.) Yes, yes, I understand now. Since Earth creatures are always eating, the place in which you find yourselves is undoubtedly a crude refreshment stand.
OMEGA: (to Iota and Oop) He says we're in a refreshment stand.
OOP: Well, the Earthlings certainly have a strange diet.
(The Book that Saved the Earth)

I. "Elementary, my dear Omega." What is Think-Tank's tone in the sentence? [1 Mark]
(A) patronising
(B) admonishing
(C) ironic
(D) sarcastic

Answer: (A) patronising

Teacher's Note:
a) Think-Tank speaks as if he is superior in knowledge to Omega.
b) This line is a parody of the famous Sherlock Holmes phrase.

II. Why does Omega call Think-Tank great and mighty? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. She addresses him this way as a mark of respect towards him.
2. It is also a recognition of his supremacy and acceptance of his knowledge and wisdom as his strength.

Teacher's Note:
a) The title shows the Martians' hierarchy, with Think-Tank as leader.
b) Note the flattering, formal address used by subordinates.

III. Fill in the blank with the correct word from the bracket:
After viewing the book closely, Think-Tank concludes that Earth creatures ________ (enjoy/dislike) eating food. [1 Mark]

Answer: enjoy

Teacher's Note:
a) Think-Tank's wrong conclusion is part of the play's humour.
b) Remember this misinterpretation drives the comic plot forward.

IV. Why does Oop open the book and put it on his head? [1 Mark]

Answer: Oop mistakes the book for a hat since he has never seen one before, so he opens it and puts it on his head.

Teacher's Note:
a) This misunderstanding is central to the play's satire on ignorance.
b) Link the action directly to Oop's unfamiliarity with books.

7. Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two given: [5 Marks]

(A) Some say the world will end in fire some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire.
(Stanza 1)
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice. (Fire and Ice)

I. Complete the following suitably:
According to Robert Frost, fire refers to ________. [1 Mark]

Answer: violent desires, passions, greed and lust.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any relevant word linked to desire is acceptable.
b) Fire symbolises intense, uncontrolled emotions.

II. Why does the poet believe both fire and ice can destroy the world equally? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Fire represents desire, avarice and passion, which can turn destructive if unchecked.
2. Ice represents hatred and indifference, which can equally damage personal bonds, families and societies.

Teacher's Note:
a) Explain both symbols - fire and ice - separately.
b) Connect each symbol to a specific destructive human emotion.

III. Fill the blank with one word:
In the line "But if it has to perish twice", 'it' refers to the ________. [1 Mark]

Answer: world

Teacher's Note:
a) Trace the pronoun 'it' back to the title and first line of the poem.
b) One-word answers should be exact and unambiguous.

IV. Select the option with same rhyme scheme as lines in Stanza 1: [1 Mark]
(A) They are all gone away,
The House is shut and still,
There is nothing more to say.
(B) Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers.
(C) The dog chased the ball down the lane,
He ran with such incredible speed,
His tail was a blur, a joyful glee.
(D) The Sun is high,
The clouds drift past,
In the blue sky which is so vast.

Answer: (D) The Sun is high, The clouds drift past, In the blue sky which is so vast.

Teacher's Note:
a) Stanza 1 follows an ABA rhyme scheme (fire, ice, desire, fire).
b) Check the end rhyme of each line before matching the pattern.

OR

(B) Though to distinguish beasts of prey
A novice might nonplus,
The crocodile you always may
Tell from the Hyena thus:
Hyenas come with merry smiles
But if they weep they're crocodiles.
(How to tell Wild Animals)

I. What is the most likely reason the poet uses the word 'nonplus' instead of confused? [1 Mark]

Answer: The word 'nonplus' rhymes with 'thus', and the poet uses poetic licence to convey the meaning of confusion while maintaining the rhyme scheme.

Teacher's Note:
a) Focus on both rhyme and poetic licence in your explanation.
b) Remember 'nonplus' is an old-fashioned word meaning bewildered.

II. Explain the irony in the last two lines of the stanza. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The attributes given to the animals do not match their true nature - hyenas seem to smile and crocodiles seem to weep.
2. In reality, both animals are deadly predators, so their outward expressions are misleading, which creates the irony.

Teacher's Note:
a) Irony lies in the mismatch between appearance and reality.
b) 'Crocodile tears' is a well-known idiom connected to this idea.

III. Fill in the blank with one word:
The word 'novice' signifies a/an ________ person. [1 Mark]

Answer: inexperienced

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Novice' means a beginner, so use a matching synonym.
b) Any similar word like 'unskilled' or 'new' is also acceptable.

IV. What kind of atmosphere is created through these lines? Select the correct option:
1. humorous
2. mysterious
3. aggressive
4. confusing
5. fearful [1 Mark]
Options:
(A) 1 and 4
(B) Only 5
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) 4 and 5

Answer: (A) 1 and 4

Teacher's Note:
a) The poem uses playful, humorous language despite discussing dangerous animals.
b) The wordplay with 'nonplus' also adds a layer of confusion.

8. Answer ANY FOUR of the following five questions, in about 40-50 words each: [4x3 = 12 Marks]

I. What is the important lesson of life that the boy learns from the loss of the ball? (The Ball Poem) [3 Marks]

Answer: The boy learns that loss is a part of living and that things once lost cannot be retrieved. He experiences his first sense of responsibility and understands that money, being external, cannot replace what he has lost, gaining an early understanding of the "epistemology of loss".

Teacher's Note:
a) Use the term 'epistemology of loss' for a precise answer.
b) Connect the loss of the ball to a larger life lesson.

II. What unexpected event does Valli face and how is it ironically significant for the little child? (Madam Rides the Bus) [3 Marks]

Answer: Valli unexpectedly sees the same cow, which had earlier given her joy, lying dead on the street. This event is ironically significant because it is her first encounter with mortality, making her realise that life is unpredictable and leading to a loss of innocence.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention both the event and its deeper significance for full marks.
b) Highlight the contrast between earlier joy and later sorrow.

III. Give a brief description of Anne Frank's family. (From the Diary of Anne Frank) [3 Marks]

Answer: Anne Frank's family was Jewish. Her father, Otto Frank, was patient, adorable and understanding, while her mother, Edith, was talkative and had married young. Anne and her sister Margot stayed with their grandmother before moving in with their parents in Amsterdam.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention at least two family members with their traits.
b) Keep facts accurate to the diary's description.

IV. What was the cause of conflict between Natalya and Lomov? (The Proposal) [3 Marks]

Answer: The conflict between Natalya and Lomov arose over the ownership of the land called Oxen Meadows, which both claimed as their own. Later, they also argued over whose dog, Squeezer or Guess, was better, which added to their disagreement.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention both causes of conflict for a complete answer.
b) Note the comic exaggeration in these trivial disputes.

V. What is 'yellow hair' a symbol of in "For Anne Gregory"? Discuss. [3 Marks]

Answer: 'Yellow hair' symbolises physical beauty, youth and attraction, representing the popular sense of feminine beauty. It suggests that Anne Gregory was attractive and had suitors, and it illustrates the conditional, superficial nature of love based on appearance, as opposed to true, unconditional love.

Teacher's Note:
a) Link the symbol to the poem's contrast between physical and true love.
b) Mention at least two ideas the symbol conveys.

9. Answer ANY TWO of the following three questions, in about 40-50 words each: [2x3 = 6 Marks]

I. Describe the extraordinary behaviour of the furniture when the Halls entered the stranger's room. (Footprints Without Feet) [3 Marks]

Answer: When Mr. and Mrs. Hall entered the room, the furniture displayed strange, spirit-like behaviour. The bedroom chair started moving on its own, rose in the air and pushed them out of the room, after which the door shut behind them by itself.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention the moving chair and the shutting door as key details.
b) This scene builds the mystery around the invisible man.

II. How does the statement "society must be protected from men like you" prove to be ironical in the story "A Question of Trust"? [3 Marks]

Answer: The statement is ironical because the speaker, a woman posing as the homeowner, is herself a cunning thief who tricks Horace into opening the safe for her. This shows hypocrisy, as one criminal condemns another while committing a greater crime herself.

Teacher's Note:
a) Explain who the speaker really is before explaining the irony.
b) Note the twist of two thieves outsmarting one another.

III. "The Midnight Visitor" illustrates that "Stereotypes are often misleading". Justify. [3 Marks]

Answer: Stereotypes suggest spies are physically fit, attractive, with a charismatic personality. In reality, Ausable is overweight, unassuming and sloppy, easily passing for a common man. Yet he proves smart and witty, trapping Max cleverly, showing that intellect matters more than appearance.

Teacher's Note:
a) Contrast the stereotype with Ausable's actual appearance and cleverness.
b) End with the theme that looks can be deceptive.

10. Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 100-120 words: [1x6 = 6 Marks]

I. Examine the similarities and differences between the tiger in "A Tiger in the Zoo" and the dragon in "The Tale of Custard the Dragon". [6 Marks]

Answer: The tiger in "A Tiger in the Zoo" and Custard, the dragon, share certain similarities. Both are powerful wild creatures capable of evoking fear through their appearance - the tiger with its sharp claws and Custard with his fire-breathing snout and pointed teeth. Both are also confined to spaces that are not their natural habitats, and both are emotionally isolated, which evokes sympathy from the readers. However, there are important differences between them. The tiger is forcibly confined in a cage against his wishes, symbolising the theme of human control over wildlife, whereas Custard willingly chooses a safe cage for himself out of fear, which is ironic given his fierce appearance. Moreover, the tiger never gets a chance to prove his true strength, while Custard eventually gets his opportunity and displays real courage, saving his friends from the pirate. Thus, while the tiger's situation remains tragic, Custard's situation turns comic and reveals that appearances can be deceptive.

Teacher's Note:
a) Give at least one similarity and one difference, ideally covering three points overall.
b) Use linking words like 'however' and 'moreover' to balance the comparison.
c) Mention the underlying theme of each poem for a complete answer.

OR

II. "The Sermon at Benaras" and "For Anne Gregory", deal with the themes of 'love' and 'life'. Discuss. [6 Marks]

Answer: "The Sermon at Benaras" explores the theme of life through the story of Kisa Gotami, whose love for her dead son was selfish and possessive. The Buddha enlightens her by making her understand that excessive attachment leads to suffering, and that one must accept the reality of life and death in order to attain true peace. On the other hand, "For Anne Gregory" explores the dual nature of love. It contrasts physical love, which is short lived and based on youth and beauty like 'yellow hair', with spiritual, unconditional love, which transcends the material world and lasts forever. Youth and beauty are shown to be temporary aspects of life, just as material attachments are temporary according to the Buddha's teaching. When synthesised, both texts convey that true peace and love come only from spiritual realization, and that clinging to beauty, youth or worldly attachments leads to suffering, while accepting reality brings lasting peace.

Teacher's Note:
a) Discuss both texts separately before linking them together.
b) End with a clear synthesis connecting both themes.
c) Keep the tone reflective, matching the philosophical nature of both texts.

11. Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 100-120 words: [1x6 = 6 Marks]

I. Evaluate how "A Triumph of Surgery" is a lesson in thoughtful parenting. [6 Marks]

Answer: "A Triumph of Surgery" offers an important lesson in thoughtful parenting through the character of Mrs. Pumphrey. Her excessive, indulgent love for her dog, Tricki, nearly kills him, as she mistakes over-indulgence for genuine care. Tricki becomes overweight, described as 'a bloated sausage' with 'rheumy eyes', due to being overfed with rich treats. Even during his stay at the surgery for treatment, she continues to secretly send eggs, brandy and other indulgent foods, ignoring Dr. Herriot's advice to give him exercise and cut down on chocolates. This shows that love without discipline can actually be harmful rather than caring. The story teaches that real care means setting clear boundaries and knowing when to say 'no', rather than giving in to every demand. Just as spoiling children with excessive indulgence can damage them, spoiling pets without discipline can also cause serious harm, making thoughtful, balanced care essential.

Teacher's Note:
a) Use the specific details - 'bloated sausage', eggs and brandy - as textual evidence.
b) Clearly state the lesson - discipline matters as much as affection.
c) Draw the parallel between pet care and child-rearing for a strong conclusion.

OR

II. Evaluate how "The Necklace" critiques the obsession with appearances and social status. [6 Marks]

Answer: "The Necklace" strongly critiques the obsession with appearances and social status through the character of Matilda. She borrows a diamond necklace to appear rich for a single evening but loses it, and spends the next ten years in poverty repaying the debt for its costly replacement. The final twist reveals that the original necklace was fake, making her years of sacrifice utterly pointless. Matilda equates her self-worth with wealth, physical appearance and social status rather than with her true character, and this obsession costs her youth and health. The irony that the very thing she desired so desperately was worthless highlights how chasing social status and superficial pride can lead to ruin. Through Matilda's tragic story, the chapter conveys that true worth lies in contentment and genuine values, not in outward appearances or material possessions.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention the irony of the fake necklace as the central point of the critique.
b) Highlight the contrast between appearance and true worth.
c) Conclude with the moral lesson about contentment and genuine values.

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