CBSE Class 10 English (Lang & Lit) Question Paper 2026 Solved Code 2-1-2

SECTION A

READING SKILLS

1. Read the following text: [10 Marks]

(1) Pancakes, a beloved breakfast dish across the world, has a surprisingly long and diverse history. Archaeological evidence shows that people were cooking pancake as food as far back as 30,000 years ago on hot stones and primitive griddles.
(2) In ancient Greece and Rome, pancakes were made from wheat flour, olive oil, honey, and curdled milk. They were often served as a sweet treat during festivals or special occasions. In medieval Europe, pancakes became a popular dish during Shrove Tuesday, the day before Lent began. In France, thin crepes became a national delicacy, often filled with sweet or savoury ingredients. In Russia, blinis were made using buckwheat flour and served with sour cream or caviar. In Ethiopia, the spongy injera became a staple food, made from teff flour and used as both a plate and utensil. Similarly, in China, pancakes are often savoury while in Japan, fluffy "souffle pancakes" have become a modern favourite.
(3) The American version of pancakes, thick and soft, gained popularity in the 18th century. The use of baking powder made them light and airy, and they were often served with butter and maple syrup - a symbol of hearty comfort food. Over time, pancakes became a universal dish, symbolizing community and celebration. Whether sweet or savoury, thick or thin, every culture has found a way to adapt this simple food to its own taste and traditions.
(4) India has its own rich tradition of similar dishes that have been enjoyed for centuries. Across the country, almost every region has a version of a pancake - whether sweet or savoury - made from grains, pulses, or rice. These Indian pancakes not only satisfy hunger but also reflect the diversity of India's culinary culture. In South India, dosas and adai are the most famous forms of pancakes. Made from a fermented batter of rice and lentils, dosas are crisp and light, while adai is thicker and more filling. The fermentation process adds a unique sour flavor and makes them nutritious and easy to digest. In Kerala, the appam, made with fermented rice batter and coconut milk, is soft in the center and crispy at the edges. Moving north, we find the western style cheela, a simple and wholesome Indian pancake made from gram flour, spiced with onions, chillies and coriander. In Maharashtra, the thalipeeth is a multigrain pancake that uses flours like jowar, bajra and rice mixed with spices and vegetables. It is both flavorful and filling, providing a good balance of carbohydrates and proteins.
(5) In the eastern parts of India, pitha is a traditional pancake made during festivals and special occasions. Varieties like patishapta in Bengal are sweet, filled with coconut and jaggery. In Assam and Odisha, pithas can be steamed, fried, or roasted, depending on the custom and region. In the western deserts of Rajasthan and Gujarat, people prepare chilla and handvo, which are savoury western pancake-like dishes baked in traditional ovens. These pancakes are a blank canvas for toppings, waiting for a splash of fruit or a scattering of condiments.
(6) Today, pancakes continue to evolve with new recipes, from vegan and gluten-free varieties to those infused with fruits, oats, or even protein powder. Despite their many forms, they remain a timeless reminder of how food connects mankind through shared history and creativity. Each pancake tells a story of regional identity, food traditions and a deep love for food that brings people together. Pancakes are warm, edible hugs that are a perfect comfort on a bleak day.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above:

I. In paragraph 1, what does the phrase 'has a surprisingly long and diverse history' mean? [1 Mark]

Answer: It means that no one expected pancake-like food to have existed for as long as 30,000 years, prepared in many different places and in many different ways.

Teacher's Note:
a) Answer must cover both "long" (30,000 years) and "diverse" (many places/ways).
b) Use your own words rather than copying the line.

II. Complete the following with the correct option from the two given: The uniqueness of the spongy injera, is that ___. (Paragraph 2) [1 Mark]
(A) it is both a savoury and a sweet
(B) it can be used for cooking and also for eating

Answer: (B) it can be used for cooking and also for eating

Teacher's Note:
a) Injera is used as both a plate and a utensil, as stated in paragraph 2.
b) Do not confuse this with taste (sweet/savoury), which is a different attribute.

III. How are American pancakes made light and fluffy? When did the American-style pancakes gain popularity? (Paragraph 3) [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. American pancakes are made light and fluffy through the use of baking powder.
2. The American-style pancakes gained popularity in the 18th century.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both parts of the question must be answered for full marks.
b) Refer to paragraph 3 as indicated.

IV. State whether the following statement is True or False: Every culture has adopted the pancake and tempered it with its own ingredients, flavour and taste. (Paragraph 3) [1 Mark]

Answer: True

Teacher's Note:
a) This is directly stated in paragraph 3 of the passage.
b) Always verify True/False answers by re-reading the referenced paragraph.

V. The writer mentions 'fermentation process'. Based on the information given in the passage, which of the following pancakes are made from the fermentation process? [1 Mark]
(A) Dosa and appam
(B) Chilla and thalipeeth
(C) Blinis and soufflé
(D) Pitha and patishapta

Answer: (A) Dosa and appam

Teacher's Note:
a) Dosa uses a fermented batter of rice and lentils; appam uses fermented rice batter.
b) Chilla, thalipeeth, blinis and pitha are not described as fermented in the passage.

VI. Select the option that best explains the phrase about pancakes being, 'a blank canvas' (Paragraph 5): [1 Mark]
(A) Like a painter starts with a blank canvas, a diner can get creative.
(B) Pancakes reflect the 30,000 old lineage of being the first food.

Answer: (A) Like a painter starts with a blank canvas, a diner can get creative.

Teacher's Note:
a) The phrase is a metaphor comparing pancakes to a canvas waiting for toppings.
b) Option (B) is unrelated to the meaning of "blank canvas".

VII. List any two points from the passage that support the statement, 'pancakes are a timeless reminder of how food connects people.' (Paragraph 6) [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Each pancake tells a story of regional identity, food traditions and a deep love for food that brings people together.
2. Pancakes are warm, edible hugs that are a perfect comfort on a bleak day.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any two relevant points from paragraph 6 earn full marks.
b) Points should directly relate to food connecting people.

VIII. Fill in the blank with the correct option from those given: In the line 'warm, edible hugs that are a perfect comfort on a bleak day' the phrase 'warm, edible hugs' refers to ___. (Paragraph 6) [1 Mark]
(A) comfort food that provides a sense of emotional security
(B) the pancake that represents the history of the region
(C) the choice of eating hot steaming pancakes
(D) the food that gives you energy

Answer: (A) comfort food that provides a sense of emotional security

Teacher's Note:
a) "Hugs" is used metaphorically for emotional comfort, not physical warmth or energy.
b) Eliminate options that focus only on taste or history.

2. Read the following text: [10 Marks]

(1) Rate of Internet Reach in India: 2014-2024
The rate of internet reach in India rose over 52% in 2024 from about 14% in 2014. Although these figures seem relatively low, it meant that more than half of the population of 1.4 billion people had internet access that year. This also ranked the country second in the world in terms of active internet users.
(2) Internet availability and accessibility
By 2021 the number of internet connections across the country tripled in urban areas because of a higher density of population leading to an increase in the number of connections. However, despite of incredibly low internet prices, internet usage in India has yet to reach its full potential. Lack of awareness about the internet in India persists, especially in rural areas and among women, driven by digital divide, infrastructure limitations, and a lack of perceived need for the internet. This hinders digital adoption, with many not knowing how to use the internet or even being aware of its existence. Targeted awareness campaigns and digital literacy programs are crucial to bridge this gap and ensure people understand and can benefit from the digital ecosystem.
(3) Digital living
Home to one of the largest bases of netizens in the world, India is abuzz with internet activities being carried out every moment of every day. From information and research to shopping and entertainment to living in smart homes, Indians have welcomed digital living with open arms.
Rate of Internet Reach in India
Year: 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025
Percentage: 24.0 | 28.5 | 33.7 | 43.4 | 46.3 | 48.1 | 51.5 | 52.4 | 55.3

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above:

I. What does the use of the term "active internet users" convey? [1 Mark]
(A) Active people who use internet
(B) Active people who use active internet
(C) People who use active internet
(D) People who use internet actively

Answer: (D) People who use internet actively

Teacher's Note:
a) "Active" describes the manner of using the internet, not the person's general nature.
b) Focus on which word "active" is modifying in the phrase.

II. Select the option that is true for the Assertion and Reason given below:
Assertion: India is home to one of the largest bases of netizens in the world.
Reason: Lack of awareness and a tangible gender gap lie at the heart of the matter. [1 Mark]
(A) Both the Assertion and the Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(B) Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(C) The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(D) The Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.

Answer: (B) Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both statements are factually correct as per the passage.
b) The Reason explains low internet usage, not the large netizen base, so it is not the correct explanation.

III. Identify the word that indicates that internet reach is 'comparatively' low. (Paragraph 1) [1 Mark]

Answer: "relatively"

Teacher's Note:
a) Scan paragraph 1 for words meaning "in comparison".
b) "Relatively low" is the exact phrase used.

IV. Based on the table which of the following time period illustrates the maximum internet usage? [1 Mark]
(A) 2017 to 2020
(B) 2023 to 2025
(C) 2020 to 2023
(D) 2019 to 2022

Answer: (B) 2023 to 2025 (the marking scheme also accepts option (C) 2020 to 2023)

Teacher's Note:
a) "Maximum internet usage" means the years with the highest percentages in the table.
b) From 2023 to 2025 the reach is 51.5, 52.4 and 55.3 percent, the highest values in the table.

V. From the passage identify one reason why there are less internet users among women? [1 Mark]

Answer: Lack of awareness about the internet, driven by the digital divide, is one reason for fewer internet users among women.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any one valid reason from paragraph 2 is acceptable.
b) Other acceptable reasons: infrastructure limitations, lack of perceived need.

VI. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in brackets: Infrastructure limitations ___ (impedes/spurs) digital adoption. [1 Mark]

Answer: impedes

Teacher's Note:
a) "Impedes" means to hinder, matching the negative effect described.
b) "Spurs" would mean to encourage, which contradicts the passage's meaning.

VII. Complete the following with a suitable reason: An increase in the number of connections in urban areas is because of ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: a higher density of population in urban areas.

Teacher's Note:
a) This reason is directly stated in paragraph 2.
b) Do not confuse this with reasons for low awareness, which is a separate point.

VIII. Which are the two ways to bridge the gap of digital unawareness? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Targeted awareness campaigns.
2. Digital literacy programs.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both points are needed for full marks (1 mark each).
b) These are mentioned together at the end of paragraph 2.

IX. In the context of the last paragraph how does the author justify the statement, 'Indians have welcomed digital living with open arms'. [1 Mark]

Answer: India is abuzz with internet activities every moment of every day, being used for information, research, shopping, entertainment and even living in smart homes.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention at least one example of daily digital activity from the paragraph.
b) The phrase "every moment of every day" shows the scale of digital adoption.

SECTION B

GRAMMAR AND CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS

GRAMMAR

3. Complete ANY TEN of twelve of the following tasks, as directed: [10x1=10]

I. Fill in the blank with correct option to complete a message from Yogita to her friend Shobit:
Dear Shobit,
Let's meet at 5 p.m. for the rehearsal but I need to go home first as I ___ anything since morning. [1 Mark]
(A) did not eat
(B) had not eaten
(C) have not eaten
(D) am not eating

Answer: (C) have not eaten

Teacher's Note:
a) The present perfect tense is used for an action starting in the past and continuing to the present.
b) "Since morning" is a clue for using present perfect tense.

II. Read the given sentence from a self-help book. Identify the error and supply the correction in the given format:
To identifying your goal is the biggest step in your success story. [1 Mark]
Error | Correction

Answer: Error: identifying | Correction: identify

Teacher's Note:
a) The infinitive form "to identify" is needed, not the gerund.
b) "To" is always followed by the base form of the verb in an infinitive phrase.

III. Yamini asked her friend Shifa, " Would you like to come for my birthday party tomorrow ?"
Report Yamini's question correctly. [1 Mark]

Answer: Yamini asked her friend Shifa if/whether she would like to come for her birthday party the next day.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Would you like" changes to "if/whether she would like" in reported speech.
b) "Tomorrow" changes to "the next day" as the reporting time shifts.

IV. Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete a newspaper clipping:
The verdict is yet to come since the members of the jury ___ (is/are) divided in their opinion. [1 Mark]

Answer: are

Teacher's Note:
a) "Members" is plural, so the plural verb "are" is used.
b) "Jury" here refers to individual members, not the collective body.

V. Read Somil's request to his mother: "Can you teach me to swim ?"
Report Somil's request by completing the following sentence correctly:
Somil asked his mother ___ [1 Mark]

Answer: if/whether she could teach him to swim.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Can" changes to "could" while reporting a request.
b) Use "if/whether" to introduce a reported yes/no question.

VI. Identify and correct the error in the given line taken from a critical review of a recently staged play:
'As an actor, Ravi Raj, is superior then any other contemporary actor.' [1 Mark]
(A) Error: an | Correction: the
(B) Error: is | Correction: were
(C) Error: then | Correction: to
(D) Error: other | Correction: another

Answer: (C) Error: then | Correction: to

Teacher's Note:
a) "Superior to" is the correct comparative structure, not "superior then".
b) Do not confuse "then" (time) with "than" or "to" used in comparisons.

VII. Complete the given line from 'Rules and Regulations' section of a school diary:
Minimum 75% attendance is ___ to appear for the final examinations. [1 Mark]
(A) recorded
(B) mandatory
(C) secured
(D) obtained

Answer: (B) mandatory

Teacher's Note:
a) "Mandatory" means compulsory, fitting the context of a rule.
b) The other options do not convey the sense of a requirement.

VIII. Detect the error and supply the correction for the given newspaper report on a proposal by a Member of Advisory Board:
After the meeting it was obvious that most stakeholders would not support ___ proposals. [1 Mark]
(A) this
(B) that
(C) the
(D) these

Answer: (C) the (option (D) these is also accepted)

Teacher's Note:
a) "Proposals" is plural, so a singular demonstrative like "this" or "that" cannot be used.
b) "The" or "these" correctly agree with the plural noun "proposals".

IX. Report the dialogue between a flight attendant and a passenger by filling in the blank:
Attendant: Did you have your dinner, sir ?
Passenger: Yes, thank you!
The flight attendant asked the passenger ___. The passenger replied in affirmation and thanked him. [1 Mark]

Answer: whether/if he had had his dinner.

Teacher's Note:
a) The simple past "did you have" changes to past perfect "had had" in reported speech.
b) Use "whether/if" to introduce the reported question.

X. Select the correct option to complete the given sentence from the memoir of your grandparent:
'When I was the team Captain, I ___ often organise get-togethers to develop bonding among the team mates.' [1 Mark]
(A) could
(B) will
(C) shall
(D) would

Answer: (D) would

Teacher's Note:
a) "Would" is used to describe a repeated past habit or action.
b) "Could" indicates ability, not habitual action, so it does not fit here.

XI. Complete the given sentence about the reaction of a tourist to another, by selecting the correct option:
Yesterday you loved the spicy Indian curry, ___ you ? [1 Mark]
(A) hasn't
(B) weren't
(C) did
(D) didn't

Answer: (D) didn't

Teacher's Note:
a) The main verb "loved" is in simple past, so the question tag uses "didn't".
b) Positive statements take negative question tags.

XII. Read the conversation between a professional writer and a school student:
Student: What prompted you to become a professional writer ?
Writer: My childhood library housed books of all kinds. I was fascinated with the compelling stories and wanted to create my own.
Report the student's question. [1 Mark]

Answer: The student asked the writer what had prompted him/her to become a professional writer.

Teacher's Note:
a) A wh-question in reported speech retains the question word but drops the question mark and auxiliary inversion.
b) "Prompted" (simple past) changes to "had prompted" (past perfect) in reported speech.

CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS

4. Attempt ANY ONE from (A) and (B) given below: [5 Marks]

(A) You are Raksha / Rakesh, school Counselor of a leading public school in Pune. In the past few months there has been an increase in the number of children reporting bullying in the school. This is leading to poor mental health and is becoming a matter of grave concern. Write a letter to the Principal highlighting the need to conduct workshops on socio-emotional learning to spread awareness and promote a positive school culture. Suggest that parents can be involved to help and implement such programs. [5 Marks]

Answer:
Raksha,
School Counselor,
Public School, Pune

Date: 15 February 2026

The Principal,
Public School,
Pune

Subject: Request to Conduct Workshops on Socio-Emotional Learning

Sir/Madam,

I am writing to bring to your notice the rising number of bullying cases being reported in our school. These incidents are affecting the mental health of children, causing low self-esteem, anxiety and aggressive behaviour, and are also impacting their academic performance.

I would like to suggest that workshops on socio-emotional learning be organised for students, teachers and parents. Such workshops will promote empathy and respectful behaviour, create a safe and positive school environment, encourage open communication and generate awareness that will reduce incidents of bullying.

Parents can also be involved through seminars, so that these practices are reinforced at home. I hope this proposal will be considered at the earliest.

Yours sincerely,
Raksha
School Counselor

Teacher's Note:
a) Include the issue, its effects, benefits of socio-emotional learning and a suggestion for parents' involvement.
b) Follow the formal letter format with sender's details, date, receiver's address, subject and closing.
c) Marks are given for content, format, organisation and accuracy.

OR

(B) You are Sherin / Suresh, an active member of the RWA of Sunshine Colony. You have observed that the community parks are poorly maintained, with broken benches and uneven walking tracks. There are piles of garden waste which have become breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other vermin. Even the pavements and colony roads are full of pot holes leading to accidents and injuries. Write a letter to the editor of a local daily expressing your views on the role of civic authorities in the maintenance of local infrastructure. [5 Marks]

Answer:
Sherin,
Sunshine Colony

Date: 15 February 2026

The Editor,
Local Daily,
City

Subject: Poor Maintenance of Local Civic Infrastructure

Sir/Madam,

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to draw attention to the poor condition of infrastructure in Sunshine Colony.

The community parks are poorly maintained, with broken benches and uneven walking tracks. Piles of garden waste have become breeding grounds for mosquitoes and vermin, posing serious health hazards. The pavements and colony roads are full of potholes, leading to accidents and injuries.

Civic authorities must ensure regular maintenance of parks, roads and public spaces, implement proper waste management and sanitation systems, conduct regular inspections to prevent health hazards, and engage with citizens to address complaints efficiently.

I hope this letter draws the attention of the concerned authorities for timely action.

Yours truly,
Sherin
Active Member, RWA, Sunshine Colony

Teacher's Note:
a) Describe the problems clearly and suggest the role civic authorities should play.
b) Follow the formal letter-to-editor format with subject line and formal tone.
c) Marks are given for content, format, organisation and accuracy.

5. Attempt ANY ONE from (A) and (B) given below: [5 Marks]

(A) Improvements in sports infrastructure with a focus on multi-purpose sustainable facilities as well as the integration of technology along with a grassroot centric approach is the key to bring Indian athletes on the world stage.
Write an analytical paragraph on the above statement in about 120 words, expressing your views on how improved infrastructure can help Indian athletes win accolades for the nation. [5 Marks]

Answer: Improvements in sports infrastructure are crucial for helping Indian athletes achieve success on the world stage. Building multi-purpose, sustainable facilities ensures that resources are used efficiently and are accessible to more athletes across different sports. Integration of technology, such as performance analysis tools and advanced training equipment, helps athletes train scientifically and prevent injuries. A grassroot centric approach ensures that talent is identified early, especially in rural and semi-urban areas, providing equal opportunities to aspiring athletes. When infrastructure development is combined with technology and a focus on grassroots, it creates a strong sporting ecosystem, nurturing talent from the ground up and preparing Indian athletes to compete confidently and win accolades internationally.

Teacher's Note:
a) Analyse and link at least four points given, do not merely describe or summarise them.
b) Use linking words like "however", "in addition to" for a smooth flow.
c) Keep the answer within 120 words in a single paragraph.

OR

(B) Read the following details about the characteristics of the Indian start-up ecosystem:
1. one of the most vibrant and largest in the world.
2. drives innovation across various fields.
3. brings unique solutions to major challenges both domestic and international.
4. has entered various fields - healthcare, e-commerce, agriculture.
5. supported by funding and government initiatives.
In about 120 words analyse the future of startups in India considering factors that have supported its growth in the country. Focus on aspects of the need, benefits, and support needed for these startups. [5 Marks]

Answer: The Indian startup ecosystem is one of the most vibrant and largest in the world, driving innovation across various fields. It brings unique solutions to major challenges, both domestic and international, addressing problems in creative and effective ways. Startups have entered diverse sectors like healthcare, e-commerce and agriculture, improving efficiency and accessibility in each of these areas. This growth has been strongly supported by funding from investors and various government initiatives that provide financial and policy support. Given this strong foundation, the future of startups in India looks promising. However, sustained growth will require continued investment, skill development and supportive policies to help these startups flourish further.

Teacher's Note:
a) Analyse and synthesise at least four points, do not just list them.
b) Discuss need, benefits and required support as instructed.
c) Maintain formal tone and single paragraph structure within 120 words.

SECTION C

LITERATURE TEXT BOOK

6. Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two given: [5 Marks]

(A)

We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation. We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.
(Nelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom)

I. What is the tone Nelson Mandela is UNLIKELY to have used in his speech ? [1 Mark]
(A) inspirational
(B) assertive
(C) conflicted
(D) direct

Answer: (C) conflicted

Teacher's Note:
a) The speech is confident and unified in tone, not confused or conflicted.
b) Look for words expressing certainty like "never" repeated three times.

II. According to Mandela, emancipation is not merely political. Elaborate. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Emancipation also means freedom from poverty and deprivation.
2. It means freedom from suffering, and from gender and other forms of discrimination.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any two forms of bondage mentioned in the extract are sufficient.
b) Emphasise that freedom is social and economic, not just political.

III. Fill in the blank with the correct word from the bracket: Mandela's speech swings between references to the past and a ___ (bleak/promising) future. [1 Mark]

Answer: promising

Teacher's Note:
a) The tone of hope and achievement in the extract supports "promising".
b) "Bleak" contradicts the celebratory tone of the speech.

IV. With reference to the extract explain the sentence, "The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement." [1 Mark]

Answer: It means South Africa shall never again experience oppression; democracy and freedom shall prevail forever, making this an everlasting, glorious achievement.

Teacher's Note:
a) Link the answer to the idea of a permanent, non-racial democracy.
b) "Never set" is a metaphor for something lasting forever.

OR

(B)

OOP: I haven't a clue. I've been to seven galaxies, but I've never seen anything like this. Maybe they're hats. (He opens a book and puts it on his head.) Say, maybe this is a haberdashery!
OMEGA: (bowing low) Perhaps the Great and Mighty Think-Tank will give us the benefit of his thought on the matter.
THINK-TANK: Elementary, my dear Omega. Hold one of the items up so that I may view it closely. (Omega holds a book on the palm of her hand.) Yes, yes, I understand now. Since Earth creatures are always eating, the place in which you find yourselves is undoubtedly a crude refreshment stand.
OMEGA: (to Iota and Oop) He says we're in a refreshment stand.
OOP: Well, the Earthlings certainly have a strange diet.
(The Book that Saved the Earth)

I. "Elementary, my dear Omega." What is Think-Tank's tone in the sentence ? [1 Mark]
(A) patronising
(B) admonishing
(C) ironic
(D) sarcastic

Answer: (A) patronising

Teacher's Note:
a) Think-Tank speaks as though he is superior and knowledgeable, showing condescension.
b) This is a parody of Sherlock Holmes's famous line, showing false confidence.

II. Why does Omega call Think-Tank great and mighty ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. It is said as a mark of respect, recognising Think-Tank's supposed supremacy and superior intellect.
2. It reflects acceptance of his knowledge and wisdom, though it is actually flattery given his mistaken conclusions.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any two relevant reasons earn full marks.
b) Note the comic irony, since Think-Tank's conclusions are actually wrong.

III. Fill in the blank with the correct word from the bracket: After viewing the book closely, Think-Tank concludes that Earth creatures ___ (enjoy/dislike) eating food. [1 Mark]

Answer: enjoy

Teacher's Note:
a) Think-Tank concludes the place is a "refreshment stand" because Earth creatures are "always eating", implying they enjoy it.
b) "Dislike" contradicts the reasoning given in the extract.

IV. Why does Oop open the book and put it on his head ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Oop mistakes the book for a hat, not knowing what it actually is, since he has never seen a book before.

Teacher's Note:
a) This shows the aliens' complete ignorance of Earth objects.
b) It sets up the comic misunderstanding that runs through the play.

7. Read the given extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the two given: [5 Marks]

(A)

Some say the world will end in fire some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire.
(Stanza 1)
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
(Fire and Ice)

I. Complete the following suitably: According to Robert Frost, fire refers to ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: desire, passion and greed.

Teacher's Note:
a) Fire is a symbol for violent human passions like desire and greed.
b) Support the answer with the word "desire" from the extract.

II. Why does the poet believe both fire and ice can destroy the world equally ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Fire represents desire, avarice and passion, which can turn destructive if unchecked.
2. Ice represents hatred and indifference, which can damage personal bonds, families and societies just as completely.

Teacher's Note:
a) Explain both symbols (fire and ice) for full marks.
b) Link each symbol to a specific destructive human emotion.

III. Fill the blank with one word: In the line "But if it has to perish twice", 'it' refers to the ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: world

Teacher's Note:
a) "It" refers back to "the world" mentioned in the first line.
b) Always trace pronouns back to their antecedent noun.

IV. Select the option with same rhyme scheme as lines in Stanza 1: [1 Mark]
(A) They are all gone away,
The House is shut and still,
There is nothing more to say.
(B) Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers.
(C) The dog chased the ball down the lane,
He ran with such incredible speed,
His tail was a blur, a joyful glee.
(D) The Sun is high,
The clouds drift past,
In the blue sky which is so vast.

Answer: (D) The Sun is high, The clouds drift past, In the blue sky which is so vast.

Teacher's Note:
a) Stanza 1 has an interlocking rhyme pattern where the end sounds repeat across lines.
b) Read each option aloud to check matching end rhymes.

OR

(B)

Though to distinguish beasts of prey
A novice might nonplus,
The crocodile you always may
Tell from the Hyena thus:
Hyenas come with merry smiles
But if they weep they're crocodiles.
(How to tell Wild Animals)

I. What is the most likely reason the poet uses the word 'nonplus' instead of confused ? [1 Mark]

Answer: The word 'nonplus' rhymes with 'thus' and adds a touch of playful, poetic humour.

Teacher's Note:
a) This is an example of poetic licence used for rhyme and humour.
b) 'Nonplus' means to be so confused that one cannot decide what to do.

II. Explain the irony in the last two lines of the stanza. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Hyenas, known for their laughing sound, appear with "merry smiles", while crocodiles, known for "crocodile tears", seem to weep.
2. In reality, both animals are dangerous predators, so their outward expressions do not match their true, deadly nature.

Teacher's Note:
a) Irony lies in the mismatch between appearance and reality.
b) Mention both animals for full marks.

III. Fill in the blank with one word: The word 'novice' signifies a/an ___ person. [1 Mark]

Answer: inexperienced

Teacher's Note:
a) A novice is a beginner, someone new and inexperienced.
b) Any accurate synonym like "unskilled" or "untrained" is also acceptable.

IV. What kind of atmosphere is created through these lines ? Select the correct option:
1. humorous 2. mysterious 3. aggressive 4. confusing 5. fearful [1 Mark]
(A) 1 and 4
(B) Only 5
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) 4 and 5

Answer: (A) 1 and 4

Teacher's Note:
a) The playful tone of the poem creates humour along with mild confusion about telling animals apart.
b) The poem is comic, not fearful or aggressive in tone.

8. Answer ANY FOUR of the following five questions, in about 40-50 words each: [4x3=12]

I. Explain the irony in Lencho blaming the postmaster for stealing money. (A Letter to God) [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Lencho writes a letter to God asking for money after his crop is destroyed by hail.
2. The postmaster and his employees, moved by his faith, collect and send him money, though less than what he asked for.
3. Ironically, Lencho blames these very people who helped him, calling them "a bunch of crooks", showing his misplaced suspicion.

Teacher's Note:
a) The irony lies in Lencho's unwavering faith in God but distrust of humans.
b) Mention the exact phrase "bunch of crooks" for textual evidence.

II. Support with textual evidence that the poem 'The Trees' symbolises emotion and exhaustion. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The poem describes trees breaking away from confinement, symbolising suppressed emotions being released.
2. Words like "disengage" and "leaves strain" show the pain and struggle involved in this release.
3. The comparison to "newly discharged patients half dazed" reflects exhaustion, showing that change, though necessary, is difficult and draining.

Teacher's Note:
a) Quote at least one image or phrase from the poem as evidence.
b) Link the imagery to both "emotion" and "exhaustion" as asked.

III. Explain with examples, why the poet uses allusions in the poem 'Amanda'. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The poet uses allusions like "Rapunzel", locked in a tower, and "mermaids" swimming freely in the sea.
2. These allusions represent Amanda's longing for freedom from parental restrictions and constant scolding.
3. They contrast Amanda's real, restricted life with her imagined, free life in daydreams.

Teacher's Note:
a) Name at least one allusion from the poem for textual evidence.
b) Explain how each allusion connects to Amanda's desire for freedom.

IV. Describe the physical appearance of Mijbil, the Otter. (Mijbil the Otter) [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Mijbil resembled a very small medieval dragon in appearance.
2. His body was coated with pointed scales and covered in soft, chocolate-brown velvet fur.
3. He was a sleek creature with a long, flexible body, a flat head and small, velvety ear flaps.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention at least two physical features for full marks.
b) The dragon comparison is a key detail examiners look for.

V. During her journey, Valli absorbed the natural beauty and clapped her hands in happiness on seeing a young cow running very fast. What does this reveal about Valli. (Madam Rides the Bus) [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Despite her mature and composed behaviour, this spontaneous reaction shows her childlike innocence.
2. It reveals her curiosity, excitement and pure delight in observing ordinary sights of the outside world.
3. It shows her deep love and appreciation for the unfamiliar world beyond her home, which she rarely gets to see.

Teacher's Note:
a) Balance the point about Valli's maturity with her childlike joy.
b) This contrast is central to her characterisation in the story.

9. Answer ANY TWO of the following three questions, in about 40-50 words each: [2x3=6]

I. Describe the role of the 'balcony' in the story 'The Midnight Visitor'. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The 'balcony' is a fabricated escape route invented by Ausable to trick Max and gain time.
2. It shows Ausable's quick thinking and presence of mind in a dangerous situation.
3. It creates suspense and disorients Max, ultimately leading to his downfall.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasise that the balcony does not actually exist in the story.
b) Link it to Ausable's cleverness, which is the key theme of the story.

II. Explain why Anil chose to overlook the breach of trust in spite of being aware of it. (The Thief's Story) [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Anil wanted to give Hari, the thief, a chance to reform and improve his life through honest means.
2. He believed confronting or punishing Hari would not address the real problem, so he chose trust over confrontation.
3. Anil felt that education, which he was providing Hari, could bring about genuine change in him.

Teacher's Note:
a) Highlight Anil's belief in redemption through education.
b) This shows Anil's compassionate and forgiving nature.

III. Who did the teacher compare herself with when she sees the transformed version of Bholi ? Why did she feel so ? (Bholi) [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The teacher compares herself to an artist admiring her masterpiece.
2. She feels proud because she transformed a timid, unconfident girl into a self-assured young woman.
3. Seeing Bholi boldly refuse to marry a greedy old man validates the teacher's faith in the power of education.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention the "artist and masterpiece" comparison specifically.
b) Link it clearly to Bholi's transformation and refusal to marry.

10. Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 100-120 words: [6 Marks]

I. Examine the similarities and differences between the tiger in "A Tiger in the Zoo" and the dragon in "The Tale of Custard the Dragon". [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. Both the tiger and Custard the dragon are powerful wild creatures that evoke fear through their fierce appearance.
2. Both are confined to spaces that are not their natural habitats - the tiger in a cage and Custard in a "cozy cage".
3. Both are, in their own ways, emotionally isolated, which evokes sympathy from readers.
4. However, the tiger is forcibly confined and helpless, while Custard willingly chooses a safe cage, showing his own awareness of his cowardice.
5. The tiger never gets a chance to prove his true strength, whereas Custard eventually gets an opportunity to show real courage and saves everyone from the pirate.
6. The tiger's situation is tragic, highlighting human control over wildlife, while Custard's story is comic and ironic, showing that appearances can be deceptive.

Teacher's Note:
a) Give at least one similarity and one difference with textual support.
b) Organise the answer clearly into "similarities" and "differences" for coherence.
c) Conclude by connecting each poem's theme to its central creature.

OR

II. "The Sermon at Benaras" and "For Anne Gregory", deal with the themes of 'love' and 'life'. Discuss. [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. In "The Sermon at Benaras," Kisa Gotami's love for her dead son is shown to be selfish and possessive, causing her deep suffering.
2. The Buddha enlightens her by making her realise that excessive attachment to life and loved ones leads to sorrow, and that death is universal.
3. He teaches that true peace comes from accepting the impermanence of life.
4. In "For Anne Gregory," the poet contrasts physical love, based on temporary beauty like "yellow hair", with spiritual love, which alone is lasting and true.
5. Both poems suggest that clinging to worldly things like youth, beauty or loved ones brings suffering.
6. True peace and contentment come only through spiritual understanding, connecting both texts' central themes of love and life.

Teacher's Note:
a) Discuss both texts separately before synthesising them.
b) Use the phrase "attachment leads to suffering" as a common link between the texts.
c) Ensure the answer covers both "love" and "life" as asked.

11. Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 100-120 words: [6 Marks]

I. Evaluate how "A Triumph of Surgery" is a lesson in thoughtful parenting. [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. Mrs. Pumphrey's excessive love and indulgence towards her dog Tricki nearly kills him through overfeeding and lack of exercise.
2. She mistakes constant pampering for genuine care, turning Tricki into an unhealthy, "bloated sausage" with dull, "rheumy eyes".
3. Even during his treatment at the surgery, she continues sending eggs, brandy and treats, ignoring Dr. Herriot's advice to give Tricki exercise and cut down on rich food.
4. This shows that love without discipline and boundaries can actually be harmful rather than caring.
5. The story teaches that real care means knowing when to say "no" and setting healthy limits.
6. Thoughtful parenting therefore requires balancing affection with discipline, so that indulgence does not damage the person or pet being cared for.

Teacher's Note:
a) Use Tricki's condition as textual evidence of over-indulgence.
b) Link the story clearly to the broader idea of "thoughtful parenting" as asked.
c) Mention Dr. Herriot's advice as the contrasting, correct approach.

OR

II. Evaluate how "The Necklace" critiques the obsession with appearances and social status. [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. Matilda borrows a diamond necklace from her friend to look wealthy at a party, but loses it afterwards.
2. To replace it, she and her husband borrow heavily and spend ten years in poverty and hard labour repaying the debt.
3. The final twist reveals that the original necklace was actually fake, making her years of suffering meaningless.
4. Matilda equated her self-worth with wealth, appearance and social status, sacrificing her youth and health for one night of pretending to be rich.
5. The irony that the very necklace she desired was fake exposes the emptiness of chasing appearances.
6. The story critiques how pride, vanity and obsession with social status can lead to ruin, suggesting that true worth lies in contentment rather than external appearances.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention the twist ending (fake necklace) as key textual evidence.
b) Clearly state the moral about pride and superficiality leading to misery.
c) Conclude with the idea that true worth lies in contentment.

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