UP Board Solutions Class 9 English Chapter 6 The Rules of the Road

(A) Passages for Comprehension

Read the following passages and answer the questions given below : निम्नलिखित गद्यांशों को पढ़िये और नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए

(a) There is a story of a man who thought he had a right to do what he liked. One day this gentleman was walking along a busy road, spinning his walking stick round and round in his hand and trying to look important. A man walking behind him objected. "You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that!” he said. “I am free to do what I like with my walking-stick” argued the gentleman. “Of course, you are,” said the other man, “but you ought to know that your freedom ends where my nose begins:” The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and freedom only if they do not interfere with other people's rights and freedoms.

Questions.

 

Question 1. Write name of the lesson from which the above passage has been taken.
Answer: The name of the lesson from which this passage is taken is 'The Rules of the Road'. Understanding the source helps to grasp the context of the passage.
In simple words: The lesson from which this passage comes is called 'The Rules of the Road'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember to put lesson titles in quotation marks or italics as they are proper nouns.

 

Question 2. What did the man in the above story think about his right?
Answer: The man in the story believed he had the right to do whatever he wanted. He felt his freedom meant he could act without limits.
In simple words: The man in the story thought he could do anything he liked because it was his right.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a character's thoughts, use phrases that clearly convey their perspective.

 

Question 3. How did the man try to look important?
Answer: The man tried to look important by walking on a busy road and spinning his walking-stick around in his hand. He wanted to draw attention to himself.
In simple words: He walked on a busy road, spinning his stick to look important.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "how" questions, provide a clear action and its intended outcome.

 

Question 4. In what words did the other man object to the spinning of the walking-stick?
Answer: The other man objected by telling him, "You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that!" This clearly stated his disapproval.
In simple words: The other man said, "You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that!"

🎯 Exam Tip: When quoting, use the exact words from the passage to ensure accuracy.

 

Question 5. Use the word ‘freedom' in a sentence of your own.
Answer: Our nation gained its freedom in the year 1947. Freedom allows people to live without being controlled by others.
In simple words: India got its freedom in 1947.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using a word in a sentence, ensure your sentence clearly shows its meaning and is grammatically correct.

(b) The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and our freedom only if they do not interfere with other people's right and freedoms. There are very few of us, of course, who will argue like the gentleman in the story, that we have a right to go about spinning our walk-in-sticks in a busy street. We certainly do not interfere on purpose with other people's freedom. But sometimes we get in other people's way without knowing it. This happens when we act without thinking or when we disobey rules that we ought to obey.

Questions.

 

Question 1. Write name of the lesson from which the above passage has been taken.
Answer: The passage is taken from the lesson called 'The Rule of the Road'. Knowing the lesson title helps link ideas together.
In simple words: This passage is from the lesson 'The Rule of the Road'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reconfirm the lesson name from the chapter title to avoid errors.

 

Question 2. What is the moral of the story?
Answer: The story teaches us that we can truly enjoy our rights and freedom only when we make sure not to disturb other people's rights and freedom. Our freedom has limits when it affects others.
In simple words: The story's lesson is that our freedom must not disturb other people's freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: The moral of a story is its main teaching or lesson about life.

 

Question 3. Why will very few people argue like the gentleman in the story?
Answer: Very few people will argue like the gentleman because most understand it is wrong to spin walking-sticks on a busy street. They usually don't mean to bother others on purpose. This shows a general sense of civic responsibility.
In simple words: Few people argue like the gentleman because they know it is wrong to disturb others without meaning to.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about why people generally behave in a certain way in public to explain social reasons.

 

Question 4. What happens when we disobey rules?
Answer: When we do not follow rules, we end up bothering other people's rights and freedom. Rules are in place to ensure everyone can live peacefully.
In simple words: Disobeying rules means we disturb other people's rights and freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the consequence (interfering with others) directly to the action (disobeying rules).

 

Question 5. Use the word ‘Certainly' in a sentence of your own.
Answer: I will certainly finish my homework by evening today. Using adverbs like 'certainly' adds emphasis to a statement.
In simple words: I will certainly help him tomorrow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create a clear, simple sentence that naturally uses the given word.

(c) Of course, everybody does not behave in this way. One can see, now and then, examples of a different kind of behaviour. We sometimes notice with pleasure a young man in a bus giving up his seat to an elderly person or to a woman who has got in the bus with a baby in her arms. When a man sitting in a train turns to the person next to him and asks, “May I smoke?” he is giving thought to the convenience of the other person. When two motorists coming from opposite directions at night dim the lights of their vehicles, they are being helpful to each other. In all such actions we give up a little of our freedom and convenience so that other people may enjoy theirs, and life may run smoothly for all.

Questions.

 

Question 1. 'Of course', everybody does not behave in this way. What way is referred to here?
Answer: The phrase 'this way' refers to how some people act without thinking about others, like when they don't consider fellow passengers' comfort on trains. It highlights a lack of empathy.
In simple words: 'This way' means when people act without thinking about the comfort of other passengers, especially on trains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for context clues in the surrounding sentences to understand what "this way" specifically points to.

 

Question 2. When are two motorists helpful to each other?
Answer: Two motorists help each other when they dim their vehicle lights at night if they are coming from opposite directions. This prevents blinding the other driver and ensures safety for both.
In simple words: Motorists help each other by dimming their lights at night when driving towards each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific action described in the passage that demonstrates helpfulness.

 

Question 3. What good thing do we notice in all such actions?
Answer: In these actions, we see that people willingly give up a bit of their own comfort and freedom for the benefit of others. This shows consideration and a sense of community.
In simple words: We notice that people give up some of their own comfort and freedom to help others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the core positive behavior or principle that these actions illustrate.

 

Question 4. What is the result, if people obey “the rules of the road"?
Answer: If people follow "the rules of the road," then everyone's life on the road becomes smooth and easy. It makes everything flow better and safer for all.
In simple words: If people follow road rules, life runs smoothly for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the positive outcome of obeying rules as mentioned in the text.

 

Question 5. Which words in the above passage mean :
(a) joy
(b) leaving.
Answer:
(a) The word 'joy' means 'pleasure'.
(b) The word 'leaving' means 'giving up'. Both words have clear synonyms in the passage.
In simple words:
(a) Joy means pleasure.
(b) Leaving means giving up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read the passage to find synonyms that fit the exact meaning of the given words.

(d) There are no rules to tell us how we ought to behave or ought not to behave in all matters. But in some matters there are rules that all have to obey. Take for example, the rules of the road. The purpose of these rules is to make the roads safe for everybody. The roads in our cities and towns are getting more and more busy with traffic these days. All kinds of vehicles, some slow, fast, fill the roads during the greater part of the day. If people disobey traffic rules, accidents happen sooner or later. There are rules for pedestrians as well as for vehicles and every user of the road ought to know the rules.

Questions.

 

Question 1. Write name of the lesson from which the above passage has been taken.
Answer: This passage is taken from the lesson named 'The Rules of the Road'. Recognizing the source is the first step in comprehension.
In simple words: The passage is from the lesson 'The Rules of the Road'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always confirm the source lesson's name accurately from the text.

 

Question 2. Why are the rules of the road necessary?
Answer: Rules of the road are needed to keep everyone safe. They prevent accidents and ensure smooth travel for all road users. Safety is the primary concern.
In simple words: Road rules are necessary for the safety of everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the main reason clearly and concisely as the core purpose of the rules.

 

Question 3. What will happen if people do not obey traffic rules?
Answer: If people do not follow traffic rules, accidents will definitely happen eventually. It causes danger on the roads and harms many. Safety depends on obedience.
In simple words: If people disobey traffic rules, accidents will happen sooner or later.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the direct and negative consequence of not following the rules.

 

Question 4. Why are the roads in our cities getting more and more busy?
Answer: City roads are becoming busier because many different types of vehicles fill them up for most of the day. More vehicles mean more traffic and congestion.
In simple words: Roads are busy because all kinds of vehicles use them for most of the day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the reason by linking the increased number and types of vehicles to road busyness.

 

Question 5. Which words in the above passage mean :
(a) Aim
(b) Those who walk on foot.
Answer:
(a) The word 'Aim' means 'purpose'.
(b) The phrase 'Those who walk on foot' means 'pedestrians'. These are direct definitions from the text's context.
In simple words:
(a) Aim means purpose.
(b) Those who walk on foot means pedestrians.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the most direct synonyms or definitions as they appear in the passage itself.

(e) All vehicles should keep to the left and leave the right half of the road free for those coming from the opposite direction. This is the traffic rule in all parts of India. In some countries in the west, however, vehicles have to keep to the right and not to the left. It does not matter whether it is right or left, but everyone should obey the rule. Cyclists should always keep to the edge of the road and not get in the way of other vehicles or of pedestrians. We often see two or more cyclists riding together side by side right in the middle of the road. Traffic rules do not allow this. Where the road is busy, this will interfere with the flow of traffic and cause accidents. The rule about overtaking is an equally important rule. One vehicle should overtake another vehicle only on the right, because otherwise it may get in the way of the vehicle which is trying to keep to the left.

Questions.

 

Question 1. Name the lesson from which the above passage has been taken.
Answer: The above passage is taken from the lesson titled 'The Rules of the Road'. This lesson covers many important aspects of road safety.
In simple words: This passage is from 'The Rules of the Road' lesson.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the lesson title is copied precisely from the given information.

 

Question 2. What is the general traffic rule in all parts of India?
Answer: In India, the main traffic rule is that all vehicles must always drive on the left side of the road. This helps keep traffic organized and prevents collisions.
In simple words: All vehicles in India must keep to the left side of the road.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the fundamental rule clearly, as it is a common knowledge point in traffic regulations.

 

Question 3. What is advisable for the cyclists?
Answer: Cyclists are advised to be very careful when giving signals. Clear signals help prevent accidents and inform other road users of their intentions, making roads safer for everyone.
In simple words: Cyclists should be careful when giving signals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide practical and safety-focused advice based on the passage's guidance for cyclists.

 

Question 4. What is not allowed by traffic rules for the cyclists and why?
Answer: Traffic rules do not allow cyclists to be careless with their signals. This is because being careless can be dangerous for them and for other people on the road, increasing accident risks.
In simple words: Cyclists are not allowed to be careless with signals because it is dangerous for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both what is forbidden and the specific reason or consequence behind the rule.

 

Question 5. What is meant by the term 'overtaking' according to traffic rules?
Answer: According to traffic rules, 'overtaking' means moving past a vehicle that is in front of you by coming up from behind it and then moving ahead. This maneuver must be done safely.
In simple words: Overtaking means catching up to a vehicle from behind and moving past it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear, concise definition of the term as explained in the context of traffic rules.

(B) Long Answer Type Questions and Their Answers

Answer the following questions in not more than 60 words each :

 

Question 1. What is the story about the gentleman walking along a busy road, spinning his stick? What does the story teach?
Answer: The story tells about a man who believed he could do anything he wanted, even spinning his stick on a busy road. Another person told him that his freedom ends where someone else's nose begins. This story teaches us that we can enjoy our rights and freedom only if we respect others' rights and do not interfere with them. Our actions impact others.
In simple words: The story is about a man who spun his stick freely until someone showed him that freedom has limits. It teaches us to respect others' rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a story and its lesson, clearly separate the plot summary from the moral message.

 

Question 2. How do people sometimes act without thinking of other people's convenience? Give a few examples.
Answer: Sometimes, people act without considering others' comfort. For example, they might put up loud loudspeakers outside their homes without thinking about their neighbours. Also, on a train, some people talk loudly about politics or smoke, not caring that others might want quiet or fresh air. It's important to be mindful of those around us, as our actions affect them.
In simple words: People sometimes act without caring about others' comfort. Examples include loud loudspeakers outside homes or talking/smoking loudly on trains without asking.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific, relatable examples to illustrate how inconsiderate behavior impacts others.

 

Question 3. Some people, on the other hand, are very thoughtful about the convenience of the other people. Give a few examples of this kind of behaviour.
Answer: While some people are thoughtless, others are very considerate. For instance, we might see a young man on a bus giving his seat to an older person or a woman holding a baby. Also, someone on a train or bus might ask for permission before smoking, showing respect for others' comfort. These small acts make a big difference in creating a pleasant environment for everyone.
In simple words: Thoughtful actions include a young man giving his seat to an elder on a bus or asking permission before smoking on a train.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast thoughtless behavior with examples of considerate actions, highlighting the positive impact.

 

Question 4. Why is it necessary to foll the rules of the road?
Answer: Following road rules is crucial for everyone's safety. Their main purpose is to make roads safe for all users. With increasing traffic and various vehicles on the roads daily, it's everyone's duty to obey these rules. Breaking them often leads to accidents, so obeying them keeps us all safe and ensures smooth traffic flow.
In simple words: Road rules are important for safety because they prevent accidents. With more traffic, everyone must obey rules to keep roads safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize safety as the primary reason for road rules and the consequence of not following them.

 

Question 5. What is the most important rule of the road?
Answer: While many rules exist, the most important rule of the road is to obey the traffic policeman on duty. This is because their job is very important for managing traffic and ensuring safety, so following their instructions is key. Other rules like giving way to vehicles from the right at roundabouts and cyclists keeping to the edge are also vital, but the policeman's directions take precedence.
In simple words: The most important rule is to obey the traffic policeman on duty, as their role is crucial for road safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify the supreme rule among all the given regulations, stating its significance.

(C) Short Answer Type Questions and Their Answers

Answer the following questions in not more than 25 words each :

 

Question 1. What did the man, spinning the walking-stick, say to the man who objected to his doing s0?
Answer: The man spinning his walking-stick told the person who objected that he was free to do whatever he wanted with his stick. He believed it was his personal right.
In simple words: The man said he was free to do what he liked with his walking stick.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote or paraphrase the man's direct response to the objection.

 

Question 2. We sometimes get in the way of other people without knowing it. When does this happen?
Answer: We unknowingly get in people's way when we do not think about their comfort or convenience. For example, blocking a path or making too much noise can disturb others without our intention. Being aware of our surroundings is crucial.
In simple words: This happens when we do not consider other people's comfort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link getting in the way to a lack of consideration for others' convenience.

 

Question 3. What do people fail to realise when they put up loudspeakers outside their houses?
Answer: When people put loudspeakers outside their houses, they often don't realize that they are not considering the comfort of others. The loud noise can disturb neighbours, making it difficult for them to relax or work. They overlook the impact on others.
In simple words: People fail to realize they are not thinking about other people's comfort when using outdoor loudspeakers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific negative impact mentioned (disregarding convenience) as the key point.

 

Question 4. Give an example of want of thought for fellow passengers in trains.
Answer: In trains, some passengers show a lack of thought by discussing politics loudly when others are trying to sleep. Also, some might smoke, not considering that others might dislike the smell or want fresh air. Such actions disrupt peace.
In simple words: Examples include loud political discussions or smoking on a train when others want peace or fresh air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide clear and specific examples that illustrate a lack of consideration in a shared space.

 

Question 5. Why should everybody obey traffic rules?
Answer: Everyone should follow traffic rules to prevent accidents on the road. If rules are not obeyed, accidents will surely occur at some point, leading to injuries or damage. Obeying rules keeps us all safe and ensures smooth travel.
In simple words: Everybody should obey traffic rules to avoid road accidents and ensure safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight "avoid accidents" and "safety" as the main reasons for obeying traffic rules.

 

Question 6. What is the rule for pedestrians?
Answer: Pedestrians must always use the footpath and leave the main road for vehicles. If there is no footpath, they should walk close to the edge of the road, facing traffic. This helps prevent accidents.
In simple words: Pedestrians must use footpaths or walk close to the road's edge if no footpath is available.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific instructions for pedestrians, covering both footpath availability and absence.

 

Question 7. What will happen if pedestrians do not obey the rule?
Answer: If pedestrians do not follow traffic rules, they put themselves and others in danger. Crossing roads carelessly or walking on the main road can lead to serious accidents. Their safety is at risk.
In simple words: If pedestrians do not obey rules, they will cause danger to themselves and others.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the direct consequence: danger to self and others, emphasizing the importance of the rule.

 

Question 8. What is the traffic rule in all parts of India?
Answer: Across India, the traffic rule requires all vehicles to drive on the left side of the road. This also means leaving the right half of the road open for vehicles coming from the opposite direction. This rule ensures orderly traffic flow.
In simple words: In India, all vehicles must keep to the left side of the road.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the universal traffic rule applicable throughout the country.

 

Question 9. Why are cyclists advised not to ride side by side on the road?
Answer: Cyclists are told not to ride side by side on the road because it can block traffic flow and lead to accidents. Riding in a single file helps keep the road clear and safer for everyone. This ensures smooth movement for all vehicles.
In simple words: Cyclists should not ride side by side as it blocks traffic and can cause accidents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight both reasons: interference with traffic flow and increased accident risk.

 

Question 10. What is the rule about overtaking? Why is it important?
Answer: The rule for overtaking is very important: a vehicle should only overtake another vehicle from its right side. This is because if it overtakes from the left, it might block the vehicle trying to stay on the left. Following this rule prevents confusion and accidents, ensuring road safety.
In simple words: The overtaking rule says pass only on the right. This is important to avoid blocking vehicles trying to stay left and prevent accidents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the overtaking direction and explain the safety reason behind it.

 

Question 11. Who has the right of way at roundabouts?
Answer: At roundabouts, the vehicle already in the roundabout, or the one coming from the right, has the right of way over a vehicle coming from the left. This rule ensures a smooth and safe flow of traffic and prevents collisions.
In simple words: At roundabouts, vehicles coming from the right have the right of way over those from the left.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the specific right-of-way rule for roundabouts as it's a common traffic regulation.

 

Question 12. Why should all users of road give right signals?
Answer: All road users should give proper signals so that other people on the road know what they are planning to do. Signals help warn others, prevent confusion, and avoid potential accidents. It helps everyone predict movements and react safely.
In simple words: Road users should give signals to warn others of their planned movements and prevent accidents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize communication and accident prevention as the main reasons for giving signals.

(D) Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Complete the following statements with the most suitable choice :

 

Question 1. (i) Drivers of vehicles should never fail :
(a) to give the right signals
(b) to dim the light
(c) to slow down the speed
(d) to stop
Answer: (a) to give the right signals
In simple words: Drivers should always remember to give correct signals when turning or changing lanes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always choose the option that is a fundamental safety practice required for all drivers.

 

Question 1. (ii) This is the most important rule of all :
(a) that is to obey the policeman on traffic duty
(b) that is to disobey the rules of the road
(c) that is to give right signals
(d) that is to walk in the middle of the road
Answer: (a) that is to obey the policeman on traffic duty
In simple words: The most important rule is to follow instructions from a traffic policeman.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that directions from an official on duty supersede general rules in a dynamic situation.

 

Question 2. Point out the true' and false' statements in the following :
(i) We should keep to the left in India.
(ii) Pedestrians ought to obey the rules.
(iii) If people disobey traffic rules, accidents happen sooner or later.
(iv) All vehicles should keep to the right.
(v) Drivers of vehicles should never fail to give the right signals.
Answer:
(i) True (T) - This is the correct driving rule in India.
(ii) True (T) - Pedestrians also have rules to follow for their safety.
(iii) True (T) - Disobeying rules always carries a risk of accidents.
(iv) False (F) - In India, vehicles must keep to the left, not the right.
(v) True (T) - Giving proper signals is a basic and crucial responsibility of drivers.
In simple words: (i) True, (ii) True, (iii) True, (iv) False, (v) True.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read each statement and compare it with known traffic rules and the passage's information to determine its truth value.

(E) Vocabulary

 

Question 1. Match the words given below Column ‘A' with the meanings given below Column 'B' below :

Answer: The words in Column 'A' match with their respective meanings in Column 'B' as follows:
- Argument means Discussion.
- Convenience means Comfort.
- Often means Frequently.
- Cause means Be the cause of.
- Happen means Take place.
- Example means Instance.
Matching words to their meanings helps improve vocabulary.
In simple words: Each word from Column A has a matching meaning in Column B.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read both columns and match each word to its closest synonym or definition.

 

Question 2. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words given below :
(i) The road is meant for ....... and the footpath is for.......
(ii) The old lady began to .......
(iii) Drivers of vehicles should never fail to give the right .......
(iv) Cyclists are often ....... about giving signals.
Answer:
(i) The road is meant for vehicles and the footpath is for pedestrians.
(ii) The old lady began to argue.
(iii) Drivers of vehicles should never fail to give the right signal.
(iv) Cyclists are often careless about giving signals. Filling in blanks correctly shows understanding of word usage.
In simple words: The words fit into the blanks to complete the sentences correctly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the sentence carefully to understand the context and choose the word that best fits grammatically and semantically.

 

Question 3. Give the antonyms of the following words :
like; freedom; sleep; foreign; careless; right
Answer: The antonyms for the given words are:
- Like: unlike
- Freedom: slavery
- Sleep: awake
- Foreign: native
- Careless: careful
- Right: left or wrong
Knowing antonyms helps in understanding the opposite meanings of words.
In simple words: The opposite words are: like - unlike, freedom - slavery, sleep - awake, foreign - native, careless - careful, right - left or wrong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that an antonym is a word with the opposite meaning; choose the most fitting opposite for each word.

 

Question 4. Give the synonyms of the following words :
want; convenience; objected; argue; suppose
Answer: The synonyms for the given words are:
- Want: require
- Convenience: comfort
- Objected: protested
- Argue: give reasons
- Suppose: think
Synonyms help in using different words with similar meanings to enrich language.
In simple words: The words with similar meanings are: want - require, convenience - comfort, objected - protested, argue - give reasons, suppose - think.

🎯 Exam Tip: A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase; choose the best match.

 

Question 5. Use the following phrases in your own sentences so as to make their meanings clear:
to come across; now and then; to get into; on purpose
Answer:
- To come across: I came across an old friend near the park yesterday. This phrase means to meet someone by chance.
- Now and then: Now and then, he visits his hometown to see his family. This means occasionally or sometimes.
- To get into: She got into trouble by gossiping about her principal. This implies facing a difficult situation.
- On purpose: We certainly do not interfere with other persons on purpose. This means intentionally or deliberately. Using phrases in sentences demonstrates understanding of their usage.
In simple words: Each phrase is used in a sentence to show its meaning: to come across (meet by chance), now and then (sometimes), to get into (face trouble), on purpose (intentionally).

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your sentences clearly illustrate the meaning of each phrase without needing further explanation.

 

Question 6. Find one word for each of the following expressions :
(i) A person who walks on foot.
(ii) Those who drive motor vehicles.
Answer:
(i) A person who walks on foot is called a pedestrian.
(ii) Those who drive motor vehicles are called motorists. Finding single words for expressions helps in precise communication.
In simple words: (i) A person who walks on foot is a pedestrian. (ii) People who drive motor vehicles are motorists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of the most common and accurate single word that describes the given expression.

Worksheet-6

The Conjunction if is generally used to express condition. But condition can also be expressed by the use of unless. For example: If Kumar does not obey orders, he will be dismissed. Unless Kumar obeys orders, he will be dismissed. When if and unless clauses refer to future tense, the Present simple form of the Verb is used in the clauses not Verbs with will, shall, etc. If would, therefore, be wrong to say. If you will study hard, you will be able to speak English very well soon. The right sentence would be : If you study hard, you will be able to speak English very well soon.

 

Question 1. Rewrite the following sentences if in place of using :
(i) If you are not hungry, you needn't eat now.
(ii) If you do not take an autorickshaw, you will be late for the meeting.
Answer:
(i) Unless you are hungry, you needn't eat now.
(ii) Unless you take an autorickshaw, you will be late for the meeting. Replacing 'if not' with 'unless' helps simplify sentence structure.
In simple words: (i) You don't need to eat unless you are hungry.
(ii) You will be late for the meeting unless you take an autorickshaw.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "unless" means "if not," so remove the "not" when making the substitution.

 

Question 2. Rewrite the following sentences using if in place of unless :
(i) I'll see you at 7 O'clock unless something goes wrong.
(ii) Unless you wear warm clothes, you will feel cold in Delhi.
Answer:
(i) I'll see you at 7 O'clock if something does not go wrong.
(ii) If you do not wear warm clothes, you will feel cold in Delhi. Converting 'unless' to 'if not' helps in expressing conditions clearly.
In simple words: (i) I will see you at 7 O'clock if nothing goes wrong.
(ii) If you don't wear warm clothes, you will feel cold in Delhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: When replacing "unless" with "if," ensure you add "not" to maintain the original meaning of the sentence.

 

Question 3. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct tense form of the Verbs given in brackets :
(i) He will be ....... a book. (read)
(ii) The train has ....... the platform. (leave)
(iii) My sister ....... a letter. (Write)
(iv) My father ....... to Mumbai yesterday. (go)
Answer:
(i) He will be reading a book.
(ii) The train has left the platform.
(iii) My sister has written a letter.
(iv) My father went to Mumbai yesterday. Using the correct tense helps sentences convey accurate timing.
In simple words: (i) reading, (ii) left, (iii) has written, (iv) went.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to keywords like "will," "has," and time indicators like "yesterday" to choose the correct verb tense.

 

Question 4. Join each pair of following sentences by using the Conjunction given below :
that; but; or; who; where
(i) Make haste. You will be late.
(ii) The Ginza is a good hotel. It is very expensive.
(iii) The teacher said. The sun is larger than the moon.
(iv) This is the village. I was born here.
(v) The boy got the first prize. He stood first.
Answer:
(i) Make haste or you will be late.
(ii) The Ginza is a good hotel but it is very expensive.
(iii) The teacher said that the sun is larger than the moon.
(iv) This is the village where I was born.
(v) The boy who stood first got the first prize. Using conjunctions helps connect sentences smoothly.
In simple words: Each pair of sentences is joined using the correct conjunction word.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the conjunction that best expresses the relationship (alternative, contrast, statement, place, person) between the two clauses.

 

Question 5. Change the follwoing sentences into Indirect Speech :
(i) Krishna said to me, “I want to read a paper."
(ii) Alka said to her sister, “Here, I lived for ten years.”
(iii) The boy said to the doctor, “Give me some medicine for fever.”
(iv) The boys said, “Let us go for a picnic.”
(v) The guard said to the boy, “What are you doing here.”
Answer:
(i) Krishna told me that he wanted to read a paper.
(ii) Alka told her sister that there she had lived for ten years.
(iii) The boys requested the doctor to give him some medicine for fever.
(iv) The boys proposed that they should go for a picnic.
(v) The guard asked the boy what he was doing there. Changing to indirect speech involves altering pronouns, tenses, and time/place references.
In simple words: All direct speech sentences are changed into indirect speech, adjusting words to fit the new narration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change pronouns, verb tenses, and expressions of time/place when converting to indirect speech, and use appropriate reporting verbs (told, asked, requested, proposed).

 

Question 6. Change the following sentences into Passive Voice :
(i) People speak English all over the world.
(ii) Please do it.
(iii) Do you write a letter?
(iv) Who has written this book?
Answer:
(i) English is spoken by people all over the world.
(ii) You are requested to do it or let it be done.
(iii) Is a letter written by you?
(iv) By whom has this book been written? Converting to passive voice shifts the focus from the doer of the action to the action itself.
In simple words: The sentences are changed from active to passive voice, showing who or what is affected by the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the object in the active sentence and make it the subject in the passive sentence; use the correct form of "to be" and the past participle of the main verb.

 

Question 7. Complete the spellings of the following words :
st-y;
ri-t;
fr-ed-m;
for-gn;
of-n
Answer: The complete spellings are:
(i) st-y: story
(ii) ri-t: right
(iii) fr-ed-m: freedom
(iv) for-gn: foreign
(v) of-n: often
Completing spellings correctly ensures accurate written communication.
In simple words: The missing letters are filled to complete each word's spelling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice common tricky spellings; remember that some words have silent letters or unusual combinations.

 

Question 8. Fill in the blanks with the words given below :
otherwise; disobeyed; convenience; caused; roundabouts
They should know the rule about right of way at ....... All these rules are meant for the ....... and safety of everyone using the road and they must not be ....... accidents will be ....... sooner or later.
Answer:
They should know the rule about right of way at roundabouts. All these rules are meant for the convenience and safety of everyone using the road and they must not be disobeyed. Otherwise accidents will be caused sooner or later. Choosing the right words makes the passage clear and logical.
In simple words: The correct words fill the blanks to make the sentence about road rules complete and meaningful.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the sentence context carefully for each blank and select the word that fits logically and grammatically.

 

Question 9. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it :
There is a story of a man who thought he had a right to do what he liked. One day this gentleman was walking along a busy road, spinning his walking-stick round and round in his hand and trying to look important. A man walking behind him objected. “You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that" he said, “I am free to do what I like with my walking-stick,” argued the gentleman. "Of course, you are” said the other man, ‘but you ought to know that your freedom ends where my nose begins. The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and freedom only if they do not interfere with other people's rights and freedom.
(i) What did the man in the above story think about his right?
(ii) How did the man try to look important?
(iii) How did the other man protest?
(iv) Where does our freedom end?
(v) What does the story teach us?
(vi) Find out the words in the above passage which mean “crowded” and “moving”.
Answer:
(i) The man in the story believed he had the right to do whatever he pleased. He felt his freedom was limitless, even if it bothered others.
(ii) The man tried to appear important by walking on a busy road and spinning his walking stick around in his hand. He hoped this would make people notice him.
(iii) The other man protested by telling him that he should not spin his walking-stick like that. He voiced his objection directly and clearly.
(iv) Our freedom ends at the point where it begins to interfere with someone else's freedom. This means we cannot do things that bother others.
(v) The story teaches us that we can truly enjoy our rights and freedom only if we do not disturb or get in the way of other people's rights and freedoms. Respect for others is key.
(vi) In the passage, 'crowded' means 'busy', and 'moving' means 'walking'. These words describe the environment and the action in the story.
In simple words: (i) The man thought he could do anything he liked. (ii) He spun his stick while walking on a busy road to look important. (iii) The other man told him not to spin his stick. (iv) Our freedom ends when it starts to bother someone else. (v) The story teaches us to enjoy our freedom without harming others'. (vi) Crowded means busy, moving means walking.

🎯 Exam Tip: For passage-based questions, carefully re-read the relevant sections of the text to ensure your answers are accurate and complete.

 

Question 9. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it :
There is a story of a man who thought he had a right to do what he liked. One day this gentleman was walking along a busy road, spinning his walking-stick round and round in his hand and trying to look important. A man walking behind him objected. “You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that" he said, “I am free to do what I like with my walking-stick,” argued the gentleman. "Of course, you are” said the other man, ‘but you ought to know that your freedom ends where my nose begins. The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and freedom only if they do not interfere with other people's rights and freedom.
Questions.
(i) What did the man in the above story think about his right?
(ii) How did the man try to look important?
(iii) How did the other man protest?
(iv) Where does our freedom end?
(v) What does the story teach us?
(vi) Find out the words in the above passage which mean “crowded” and “moving”.
Answer:
(i) The man in the story believed he had the right to do whatever he wanted. He felt he could act freely without any limits.
(ii) The man tried to appear important by walking on a busy road and continuously spinning his walking-stick in his hand. This made him seem more noticeable.
(iii) The other man expressed his disapproval by saying, "You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that!” He told him to stop doing it.
(iv) Our freedom stops at the point where it starts to bother or harm someone else. This means our actions should not negatively affect others.
(v) The story teaches us that we can truly enjoy our own rights and freedom only when our actions do not stop or harm the rights and freedom of others. It highlights the importance of respecting everyone's personal space and rights.
(vi) The word “crowded” means “busy”. The word “moving” means “walking”.
In simple words: This story shows how one man thought he could do anything he liked, even if it bothered others by spinning his stick. Another man told him that everyone's freedom stops where it starts to annoy or hurt someone else. We learn that we can enjoy our freedom only if we also respect and do not interfere with the freedom of others. "Crowded" means busy, and "moving" means walking.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions based on a passage, always refer back to the text to ensure your answers are accurate and use simple language to explain the concepts clearly. Make sure to identify and reword specific phrases from the passage for each answer.