UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Translation Chapter 2 Tenses

Exercise 1

 

Question 1. Pramod worships God every morning.
Answer: प्रमोद प्रतिदिन सुबह भगवान की पूजा करता है।
In simple words: This sentence talks about Pramod's daily habit of praying, which is written in the simple present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: For habits or daily routines, always use the Present Indefinite (Simple Present) tense with singular subjects taking 's' or 'es' after the verb.

 

Question 2. He never abuses anyone.
Answer: वह कभी किसी को गाली नहीं देता है।
In simple words: This sentence describes a habit of never doing something, using the simple present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'never' is used for negative statements without 'does not' in the Present Indefinite tense.

 

Question 3. What do you do at noon ?
Answer: तुम दोपहर में क्या करते हो?
In simple words: This is a question asking about what someone regularly does during the middle of the day.

🎯 Exam Tip: In double interrogative sentences, place the question word (like 'What') at the very beginning of the sentence.

 

Question 4. Does your father live in Delhi ?
Answer: क्या आपके पिता दिल्ली में रहते हैं?
In simple words: This is a simple yes-or-no question about where your father lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: For singular subjects in interrogative sentences, start the question with 'Does' followed by the first form of the verb.

 

Question 5. I keep my books clean.
Answer: मैं अपनी पुस्तकें साफ रखता हूँ।
In simple words: This sentence shows a personal habit of keeping books neat and tidy.

🎯 Exam Tip: With the pronoun 'I', always use the base form of the verb (without 's' or 'es') in the simple present tense.

 

Question 6. The teacher gives us test every weak.
Answer: शिक्षक हर सप्ताह हमारा टेस्ट लेते हैं।
In simple words: This sentence describes an action that the teacher repeats every week.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that 'weak' in the question is a spelling error in the source text for 'week', but the translation remains focused on the weekly routine.

 

Question 7. My mother loves me.
Answer: मेरी माँ मुझसे प्यार करती हैं।
In simple words: This sentence expresses a continuous feeling of love using the simple present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Singular relations like 'mother' take a singular verb ('loves') in the Present Indefinite tense.

 

Question 8. Why does your sweeper not come daily?
Answer: आपका सफाईकर्मी प्रतिदिन क्यों नहीं आता है?
In simple words: This is a question asking for the reason why the sweeper does not show up every day.

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative interrogative sentences, place 'not' immediately after the subject (e.g., 'your sweeper not').

 

Question 9. Who sings song in this room?
Answer: इस कमरे में गीत कौन गाता है?
In simple words: This question asks to identify the person who is singing in this specific room.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'Who' acts as the subject in an interrogative sentence, do not use 'do' or 'does' in affirmative sentences; use the singular verb directly.

 

Question 10. Why does the judge not listen to the case carefully ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Indefinite (Simple Present) Tense in its interrogative-negative form. The Hindi translation is: न्यायाधीश मुकदमे को ध्यान से क्यों नहीं सुनता है? Understanding the structure of negative questions helps in accurate translation.
In simple words: This question asks why the judge is not paying close attention to the court case. It uses 'does' because the judge is a single person.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'does' for singular subjects (like judge) and 'do' for plural subjects in simple present tense questions.

 

Question 11. The peon rings the second bell at quarter to ten.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Present Tense. The Hindi translation is: चपरासी पौने दस बजे दूसरी घंटी बजाता है। The phrase 'quarter to ten' refers to fifteen minutes before ten o'clock.
In simple words: The school or office helper rings the bell at 9:45. We use 'rings' with an 's' because 'the peon' is one person.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'quarter to' for fifteen minutes before the hour, and 'quarter past' for fifteen minutes after the hour.

 

Question 12. How many times do you have tea in a day?
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Present Tense. The Hindi translation is: आप दिन में कितनी बार चाय पीते हैं? Here, 'have' is used as a verb meaning to consume or drink.
In simple words: This is asking how many cups of tea you drink every day. 'Have tea' is a common and polite way of saying 'drink tea'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asking about countable quantities like 'times', always use 'how many' instead of 'how much'.

 

Question 13. Our father always speaks the truth.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Present Tense. The Hindi translation is: हमारे पिताजी हमेशा सच बोलते हैं। Speaking the truth is a habitual action, which is why the simple present tense is used.
In simple words: This means that our father never tells lies and always says what is real. We add 's' to 'speak' because 'father' is singular.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the article 'the' before 'truth' (speak the truth) and 'a' before 'lie' (tell a lie).

 

Question 14. How many languages do you know ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Present Tense. The Hindi translation is: आप कितनी भाषाएँ जानते हैं? The auxiliary verb 'do' is used with the subject 'you'.
In simple words: This question asks about the number of different languages you can speak or understand.

🎯 Exam Tip: State verbs like 'know', 'believe', and 'understand' are not typically used in the continuous (-ing) form.

 

Question 15. Do you go to Delhi by train daily?
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Present Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या आप रोज़ ट्रेन से दिल्ली जाते हैं? The preposition 'by' is used before modes of transport.
In simple words: This asks if you travel to Delhi using a train every single day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not use articles before modes of transport when preceded by 'by' (e.g., say 'by train', not 'by the train').

 

Exercise 2

 

Question 1. He is teaching us geography.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense. The Hindi translation is: वह हमें भूगोल पढ़ा रहा है। This tense represents an action happening right now.
In simple words: This means a male teacher is currently explaining geography to us in class.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present continuous tense uses 'is/am/are' followed by a verb ending in '-ing'.

 

Question 2. I am not telling you a story.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: मैं आपको कहानी नहीं सुना रहा हूँ। The negative word 'not' is placed between the auxiliary verb 'am' and the main verb 'telling'.
In simple words: This means I am not sharing a fictional tale with you at this moment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always place 'not' immediately after the helping verb (is/am/are) in negative continuous sentences.

 

Question 3. Why are you wasting your time?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: आप अपना समय क्यों बर्बाद कर रहे हैं? The question word 'why' starts the sentence, followed by the helping verb 'are'.
In simple words: This asks for the reason why you are not using your time productively right now.

🎯 Exam Tip: In double interrogative sentences, the question word (wh- word) must always come before the helping verb.

 

Question 4. Is the sun setting in the west ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या सूर्य पश्चिम में अस्त हो रहा है? This is a yes/no question starting with the helping verb 'Is'.
In simple words: This asks if the sun is currently going down in the western sky.

🎯 Exam Tip: For universal truths, we generally use simple present, but for an action observed in progress, present continuous is correct.

 

Question 5. Are the students sitting in the class ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या छात्र कक्षा में बैठे हैं? Note that 'sitting' can describe a state of being seated in progress.
In simple words: This asks if the children are currently inside their classroom in their seats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'are' because 'students' is a plural subject.

 

Question 6. How many gardeners are working in this garden ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: इस बगीचे में कितने माली काम कर रहे हैं? The plural helping verb 'are' matches the plural noun 'gardeners'.
In simple words: This asks for the count of people currently taking care of the plants in this garden.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the helping verb agrees with the noun following 'how many' (gardeners is plural, so we use 'are').

 

Question 7. I will celebrate my birthday the day after tomorrow.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Future Tense. The Hindi translation is: मैं परसों अपना जन्मदिन मनाऊँगा। The auxiliary verb 'will' indicates a future action.
In simple words: This means I plan to have a birthday celebration two days from now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'will' or 'shall' with the base form of the verb to express future plans.

 

Question 8. The hunter is not killing the lion.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: शिकारी शेर को नहीं मार रहा है। The action of killing is not taking place.
In simple words: This means the hunter is currently refraining from harming the lion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check spelling of verbs when adding '-ing' (e.g., kill becomes killing, but die becomes dying).

 

Question 9. This boy is not telling a lie.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: यह लड़का झूठ नहीं बोल रहा है। The phrase 'telling a lie' is the standard idiom for speaking untruths.
In simple words: This means the boy is speaking the truth right now and not making up stories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the collocation is always 'tell a lie' (with 'a') and 'speak the truth' (with 'the').

 

Question 10. Where is the police searching for the criminals ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: पुलिस अपराधियों की तलाश कहाँ कर रही है? The preposition 'for' is used with the verb 'search'.
In simple words: This asks about the location where the police officers are looking for the lawbreakers.

🎯 Exam Tip: In standard grammar, 'police' is treated as a plural collective noun, but in some contexts, it is treated as singular. Always check your textbook's preference.

 

Question 11. Are you reading in the moonlight ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या आप चाँदनी रात में पढ़ रहे हैं? Reading in low light can be poetic but difficult.
In simple words: This asks if you are currently reading a book using only the light from the moon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the preposition 'in' for moonlight (in the moonlight) or sunlight (in the sunlight).

 

Question 12. Where is your dog sleeping ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: आपका कुत्ता कहाँ सो रहा है? The singular helping verb 'is' agrees with 'your dog'.
In simple words: This asks for the current location where your pet dog is taking a nap.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place the subject 'your dog' between the helping verb 'is' and the main verb 'sleeping'.

 

Question 13. Who is standing on the roof?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: छत पर कौन खड़ा है? The pronoun 'who' acts as the subject of the sentence.
In simple words: This asks for the identity of the person who is currently positioned on top of the house.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'who' is the subject of an interrogative sentence, we do not use auxiliary 'do/does' in simple tenses, and in continuous tenses, it directly takes the verb.

 

Question 14. I am not talking to you.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: मैं आपसे बात नहीं कर रहा हूँ। The preposition 'to' is used after 'talking' to indicate the recipient.
In simple words: This means I am currently refusing to speak with you.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use 'talk to' or 'speak to' when addressing someone directly.

 

Question 15. She is teaching French in Kolkata university.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense. The Hindi translation is: वह कोलकाता विश्वविद्यालय में फ्रेंच पढ़ा रही है। This indicates her current professional activity.
In simple words: This means her current job or task is to teach the French language at the university in Kolkata.

🎯 Exam Tip: Proper nouns like 'French' and 'Kolkata' must always start with a capital letter.

 

Exercise 3

 

Question 1. He has washed his clothes.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense. The Hindi translation is: उसने अपने कपड़े धो लिए हैं। The helping verb 'has' is used with the third-person singular pronoun 'He'.
In simple words: This means he finished cleaning his clothes recently, and they are now clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present perfect tense uses 'has/have' followed by the third form (past participle) of the verb.

 

Question 2. I have not had my food yet.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: मैंने अभी तक अपना भोजन नहीं किया है। Here, 'have' is the helping verb and 'had' is the past participle of the main verb 'have' (meaning to eat).
In simple words: This means I have not eaten my meal up to this moment.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Yet' is commonly used at the end of negative present perfect sentences to show an action is expected to happen.

 

Question 3. Has he left this school forever?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या उसने यह स्कूल हमेशा के लिए छोड़ दिया है? The past participle of 'leave' is 'left'.
In simple words: This asks if he has gone away from this school permanently.

🎯 Exam Tip: In interrogative sentences, place 'has' or 'have' before the subject.

 

Question 4. Why have you not bathed ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative-Negative). The Hindi translation is: आपने स्नान क्यों नहीं किया है? The subject 'you' takes the helping verb 'have'.
In simple words: This asks for the reason why you have not taken a bath yet today.

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative questions, 'not' is placed after the subject (e.g., 'have you not bathed').

 

Question 5. The peon has not opened the rooms yet.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: चपरासी ने अभी तक कमरे नहीं खोले हैं। The singular subject 'peon' takes 'has'.
In simple words: This means the helper has not unlocked the doors of the rooms up to this point.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'has not' for singular nouns and 'have not' for plural nouns in the present perfect tense.

 

Question 6. The clock has not struck twelve yet.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Negative). The Hindi translation is: घड़ी में अभी बारह नहीं बजे हैं। The past participle of 'strike' is 'struck'.
In simple words: This means it is not yet 12 o'clock according to the clock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to irregular verb forms like strike-struck-struck.

 

Question 7. The sun has risen in the east.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense. The Hindi translation is: सूर्य पूर्व में उदय हो चुका है। The past participle of 'rise' is 'risen'.
In simple words: This means the sun has already come up in the eastern sky this morning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse 'rise' (rise-rose-risen) with 'raise' (raise-raised-raised).

 

Question 8. Why have you .. not marked this boy present ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative-Negative). The Hindi translation is: आपने इस लड़के को उपस्थित क्यों नहीं दर्ज किया है? The verb 'marked' is the past participle of 'mark'.
In simple words: This asks why the teacher has not written down that this boy is in class today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the word order correct: Wh-word + have/has + subject + not + past participle.

 

Question 9. Have you learnt this question by heart ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या आपने यह प्रश्न कंठस्थ (याद) कर लिया है? The idiom 'by heart' means to memorize completely.
In simple words: This asks if you have fully memorized the answer to this question.

🎯 Exam Tip: The past participle of 'learn' can be either 'learnt' (British English) or 'learned' (American English).

 

Question 10. The judge has given judgement in favour of the teachers.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense. The Hindi translation is: न्यायाधीश ने शिक्षकों के पक्ष में निर्णय दे दिया है। The phrase 'in favour of' means supporting or siding with someone.
In simple words: This means the court's final decision was supportive of the teachers' demands.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Judgement' can be spelled as 'judgment' or 'judgement', but stick to the spelling provided in your textbook.

 

Question 11. The teachers have called off the strike in the interest of the students.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense. The Hindi translation is: शिक्षकों ने छात्रों के हित में हड़ताल वापस ले ली है। The phrasal verb 'called off' means to cancel or end something.
In simple words: This means the teachers stopped their protest so that the students would not suffer in their studies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Phrasal verbs like 'call off' change their meaning completely, so learn their past participle forms carefully.

 

Question 12. Why has the government not fulfilled the promise to the teachers ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative-Negative). The Hindi translation is: सरकार ने शिक्षकों से किया वादा क्यों पूरा नहीं किया है? Note the spelling correction of 'fulfilled' from the source text's 'fullfilled'.
In simple words: This asks why the ruling authorities have failed to keep their word to the educators.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always correct obvious spelling errors like 'fullfilled' to 'fulfilled' in your final exam answers.

 

Question 13. Have you decided to resign from the post ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या आपने पद से इस्तीफा देने का फैसला किया है? The infinitive 'to resign' follows the main verb 'decided'.
In simple words: This asks if you have made up your mind to leave your job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'decide' followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to express a firm resolution.

 

Question 14. How many people has the police arrested ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: पुलिस ने कितने लोगों को गिरफ्तार किया है? The singular helping verb 'has' is used here to agree with the collective noun 'police'.
In simple words: This asks for the total count of individuals that the police have taken into custody.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the helping verb matches the subject ('the police') rather than the object ('people').

 

Question 15. Has the washerman ironed all the clothes ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative). The Hindi translation is: क्या धोबी ने सारे कपड़े इस्त्री कर दिए हैं? The singular subject 'washerman' takes 'Has'.
In simple words: This asks if the laundry man has finished pressing all the garments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the spelling of 'washerman' (singular) versus 'washermen' (plural).

Exercise 4

 

Question 1. Where have you been walking for two hours ?
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Interrogative form). It is used to ask about an action that started in the past and is still continuing at the time of speaking. This tense is highly useful for discussing ongoing habits or routines.
In simple words: It asks where you have been walking continuously for the last two hours.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'have' with 'you' and place 'been' after the subject in interrogative sentences.

 

Question 2. The hunters have been chasing the lion since morning.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Assertive form). It indicates an action that started in the morning and is still ongoing. This structure highlights the duration and continuity of the hunt.
In simple words: It means the hunters started chasing the lion in the morning and are still chasing it now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'since' with a specific point in time like 'morning', 'Monday', or '2020'.

 

Question 3. The barber has been shaving this man for ten minutes.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It shows an action that began ten minutes ago and is still continuing. This tense emphasizes the ongoing nature of the barber's work.
In simple words: The barber started shaving the man ten minutes ago and is still doing it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'has been' for singular subjects like 'the barber' and 'have been' for plural subjects.

 

Question 4. I have not been writing for one year.
Answer: This sentence is in the negative form of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It shows the absence of an action over a period of one year. It is helpful for expressing long-term breaks in activities.
In simple words: I stopped writing one year ago and have not written anything since then.

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative sentences, always place 'not' between 'have/has' and 'been' (e.g., 'have not been').

 

Question 5. Why has your horse not been eating grass for two days ?
Answer: This is an interrogative negative sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It questions the lack of an action over a duration of two days. This structure is often used to express concern or curiosity about an ongoing issue.
In simple words: It asks for the reason why the horse has stopped eating grass for the last two days.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'why' questions, the structure is: Why + has/have + subject + not + been + verb-ing.

 

Question 6. The child has been weeping for one hour.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It describes a continuous action of crying that started an hour ago. This tense helps convey the persistence of the child's distress.
In simple words: The child started crying one hour ago and is still crying now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'for' when talking about a period of time, such as 'one hour' or 'five days'.

 

Question 7. How many boys have been playing cricket match since yesterday ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It asks about the number of subjects performing a continuous action since a specific point in time. This format is useful for tracking participation over time.
In simple words: It asks how many boys started playing cricket yesterday and are still playing.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'How many boys' acts as a plural subject, so we use 'have been' instead of 'has been'.

 

Question 8. I have been teaching in this school for twenty years.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It expresses a long-term professional action that started twenty years ago and continues today. It highlights a significant career milestone.
In simple words: I started working as a teacher at this school twenty years ago and I still teach here.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'for' for a total duration of time like 'twenty years'.

 

Question 9. We have been fighting elections since 1976.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It denotes a recurring or continuous action starting from a specific year in the past. This shows a long-standing political commitment.
In simple words: Our group started contesting elections in the year 1976 and we still do so.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use 'since' before specific years (e.g., since 1976, since 2005).

 

Question 10. Our opponent has been defeating us since then.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It describes a continuous or repeated action of defeat starting from a specific past event. This highlights an ongoing struggle against a tough competitor.
In simple words: The other team or person started beating us at that time and keeps beating us.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Since then' is a common phrase used to refer back to a specific starting point in time.

 

Question 11. These girls have been knitting sweater since midnight.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It shows a continuous action of knitting that started at midnight and is still going on. This emphasizes the dedication and hard work of the girls.
In simple words: The girls started making the sweater at midnight and are still working on it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'These girls' is plural, so it correctly takes the auxiliary verb 'have been'.

 

Question 12. Where has father been reading newspaper for ten minutes ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It asks about the location of an ongoing action that started ten minutes ago. This helps to locate someone who is currently occupied.
In simple words: It asks where father is sitting and reading the newspaper for the last ten minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place the question word 'Where' at the very beginning, followed immediately by 'has' or 'have'.

 

Question 13. Why have you not been going for a walk since Sunday?
Answer: This is an interrogative negative sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It asks for the reason behind a continuous absence of an action since a specific day. This is a common way to ask about a change in routine.
In simple words: It asks why you stopped going for walks starting from Sunday up until now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'since' with days of the week (e.g., since Sunday, since Monday).

 

Question 14. Has your sister been learning to sing song for one month ?
Answer: This is a yes/no interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It inquires about an ongoing learning process over a duration of one month. This helps track progress in a new skill.
In simple words: It asks if your sister started taking singing lessons a month ago and is still learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: For yes/no questions, start the sentence with 'Has' or 'Have' depending on the subject.

 

Question 15. The gardener has been watering plants since 4 o’ clock.
Answer: This sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. It describes a continuous gardening activity that started at a specific hour. This highlights the gardener's dedication to maintaining the garden.
In simple words: The gardener started watering the plants at 4 o'clock and is still doing it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'since' with specific clock times (e.g., since 4 o'clock, since 2 p.m.).

 

Exercise 5

The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. But the stars twinkle all around the sky at night. At this time it is getting dark because the sun has set in the west. I have been playing in the play ground since 5 o’clock. But now there is no player in the field. All have gone home respectively. Only two of my friends are standing in the wait of mine. I too am going back home. Do you also play some game daily, At what time do you reach the playground? Now our examinations are at hand. But I have made my preparations for the examination in full. I have been working hard for two months. This year our examinations are going to begin on 25th Feb. Have you also completed preparations for the examination in full. In which class does your elder sister study? I got up at 5 in morning and walk about in the park for half an hour. Do you also go for a walk in morning? Where do you walk about? Walking in morning is good for health.

 

Question 1. Identify the different tenses used in the passage with examples.
Answer: The passage uses multiple tenses: Simple Present ("The sun always rises"), Present Continuous ("it is getting dark"), Present Perfect ("the sun has set"), and Present Perfect Continuous ("I have been playing"). This variety of tenses helps to clearly distinguish between habitual actions, ongoing events, and completed actions.
In simple words: The passage uses different tenses to show when things happen. For example, it uses simple present for daily habits and present continuous for things happening right now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to time markers like 'always', 'now', and 'since' to identify the correct tense in a passage.

 

Question 2. Why is it getting dark according to the passage?
Answer: According to the passage, it is getting dark because the sun has set in the west. This natural transition marks the end of the day and the beginning of the night.
In simple words: It is becoming dark because the sun has already gone down in the west.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always locate the direct cause-and-effect statements in the passage to answer 'why' questions accurately.

 

Question 3. How long has the narrator been working hard for the examinations?
Answer: The narrator has been working hard for the examinations for two months. Consistent preparation over a long period is key to academic success.
In simple words: The narrator has been studying hard for two months to prepare for the exams.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for duration keywords like 'for' followed by a time period to find how long an action has been happening.

 

Exercise 6

 

Question 1. Sunil Dutt reached Amritsar yesterday.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Past Tense (Assertive). It describes an action that was completed at a specific time in the past (yesterday). This tense is commonly used for historical facts and completed past events.
In simple words: Sunil Dutt arrived in Amritsar yesterday.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the second form of the verb (V2 - 'reached') for simple past assertive sentences.

 

Question 2. I could not return your book yesterday.
Answer: This sentence uses the past modal 'could not' to express inability to perform an action in the past. It is the past tense equivalent of 'cannot'.
In simple words: I was unable to give your book back to you yesterday.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the base form of the verb (V1 - 'return') after modal auxiliaries like 'could'.

 

Question 3. Did India buy arms from America ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Simple Past Tense. It uses the auxiliary verb 'Did' to ask about a past action. This structure is standard for yes/no questions in the past.
In simple words: Did India purchase weapons from America in the past?

🎯 Exam Tip: When using 'Did' in a past tense question, always use the first form of the main verb ('buy', not 'bought').

 

Question 4. Why did you not take part in the match ?
Answer: This is an interrogative negative sentence in the Simple Past Tense. It asks for the reason behind not participating in a past event. It helps to understand the cause of past inaction.
In simple words: Why didn't you play in the match?

🎯 Exam Tip: The structure for negative past questions is: Why + did + subject + not + V1.

 

Question 5. He talked to his sons at the time of death.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Past Tense. It describes a final action performed by a person before passing away. This highlights a significant moment in the past.
In simple words: Before he died, he spoke to his sons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the past tense form 'talked' to show a completed action in the past.

 

Question 6. Our uncle never smoked.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Past Tense. The word 'never' indicates a habitual past action or state of abstinence. It shows a lifelong habit that was maintained.
In simple words: Our uncle did not have the habit of smoking during his lifetime.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using 'never' in the simple past, use the V2 form of the verb ('smoked') directly without 'did'.

 

Question 7. Why did these boys make their clothes dirty ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Simple Past Tense. It asks for the reason behind a past action that resulted in dirty clothes. This is a common way to inquire about past mischief.
In simple words: Why did these boys get their clothes dirty?

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use the base verb 'make' because 'did' already indicates the past tense.

 

Question 8. Our washer man did not bring our clothes yesterday.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Simple Past Tense. It uses 'did not' to show that a past action did not occur. This helps in expressing unfulfilled expectations in the past.
In simple words: The laundry man did not return our clothes yesterday.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use 'did not' followed by the first form of the verb ('bring') for negative past sentences.

 

Question 9. Who issued books to the students in the library ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Simple Past Tense starting with 'Who'. It asks about the person who performed the past action. This structure is unique because it does not require the auxiliary 'did'.
In simple words: Who was the person that gave books to the students in the library?

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'Who' acts as the subject of a past tense question, use the V2 form ('issued') directly without 'did'.

 

Question 10. The doctor could not give me good medicine.
Answer: The sentence uses the modal auxiliary 'could not' followed by the base verb 'give' to show past inability. This structure is commonly used to describe things we were unable to do in the past.
In simple words: The doctor was unable to give me the right medicine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'could' is the past tense of 'can' and is always followed by the base form of the verb.

 

Question 11. My brother made a lengthy speech.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Past tense, where 'made' is the past form of the verb 'make'. It describes a completed action that took place in the past.
In simple words: My brother spoke for a very long time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the simple past tense by looking for the second form of the verb (V2), like 'made'.

 

Question 12. Why could you not go to Delhi yesterday?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the past tense using the modal 'could' and the time marker 'yesterday'. It asks about the reason for an inability to perform an action in the past.
In simple words: What was the reason you were unable to travel to Delhi yesterday?

🎯 Exam Tip: In wh-questions with modals, place the modal verb before the subject (e.g., 'why could you...').

 

Question 13. Did you see the picture with your friends?
Answer: This is a yes/no question in the Simple Past tense starting with the helping verb 'Did'. It inquires about a past action involving a group of friends.
In simple words: Did you watch the movie or look at the photo with your friends?

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the base form of the verb (V1) after 'did' in questions (use 'did you see', not 'did you saw').

 

Question 14. These children never drank cow milk.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Simple Past tense using the adverb 'never' and the past verb 'drank'. It indicates a habit or state that did not occur at any point in the past.
In simple words: These kids have never tasted or consumed cow's milk in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Never' is used to indicate that an action did not happen at any time, followed directly by the past tense verb.

 

Question 15. Ram taught English to my two children.
Answer: This sentence is in the Simple Past tense, where 'taught' is the past tense of 'teach'. It describes a completed educational activity in the past.
In simple words: Ram was the teacher who instructed my two children in English.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to irregular verb forms like 'teach-taught-taught' to avoid spelling errors.

 

Exercise 7

 

Question 1. The water carriers were sprinkling water on the roads.
Answer: This sentence is in the Past Continuous tense, indicating an ongoing action in the past using 'were' and 'sprinkling'. It describes a scene where multiple people were performing a task simultaneously.
In simple words: People who carry water were throwing water on the streets to keep them clean or cool.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'were' for plural subjects (like 'water carriers') in the past continuous tense.

 

Question 2. The garlands of flowers were hanging on the doors.
Answer: This is a Past Continuous tense sentence describing a state or continuous action in the past. It paints a picture of decoration during a past event.
In simple words: Decorative flower chains were draped over the doorways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure subject-verb agreement; 'garlands' is plural, so it takes 'were' instead of 'was'.

 

Question 3. No sick man was roaming on the roads.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Past Continuous tense with a singular subject 'No sick man'. It describes the absence of a specific activity in the past.
In simple words: There were no ill people walking around on the streets.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'No sick man' is singular, so use the singular helping verb 'was'.

 

Question 4. Was the sunlight making the city beautiful?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous tense. It asks about the continuous effect of a natural element on the city's appearance.
In simple words: Did the bright sunshine make the city look lovely?

🎯 Exam Tip: Start past continuous questions with 'Was' or 'Were' depending on whether the subject is singular or plural.

 

Question 5. Who was welcoming the prince?
Answer: This is a wh-question in the Past Continuous tense asking about the subject performing the action. It seeks to identify the person responsible for the greeting.
In simple words: Which person was greeting the prince when he arrived?

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Who' acts as a singular subject here, so it is followed by 'was' and the '-ing' form of the verb.

 

Question 6. A sick man was crying for help.
Answer: This is an assertive sentence in the Past Continuous tense with a singular subject. It highlights an ongoing state of distress in the past.
In simple words: An ill person was shouting because they needed assistance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'was' followed by the present participle (V+ing) for singular subjects in the past continuous tense.

 

Question 7. They were not thinking anything about the future.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Past Continuous tense. It describes a state of mind where the subjects were completely focused on the present moment.
In simple words: They did not worry or plan for what would happen later.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place 'not' between the helping verb ('were') and the main verb ('thinking') in negative continuous sentences.

 

Question 8. Was Siddhartha looking at the old man attentively?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous tense focusing on a singular subject. It questions the level of attention paid by Siddhartha to the elderly person.
In simple words: Was Siddhartha watching the elderly man very carefully?

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use a question mark at the end of interrogative sentences to secure full marks.

 

Question 9. When was your friend deceiving you?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous tense starting with the question word 'When'. It asks for the specific timeframe of a continuous past action.
In simple words: At what time was your friend lying to or cheating you?

🎯 Exam Tip: The structure for wh-questions in past continuous is: Wh-word + was/were + subject + V-ing.

 

Question 10. The poets were singing their poems.
Answer: This is an assertive sentence in the Past Continuous tense with a plural subject. It describes an artistic activity being performed by multiple individuals.
In simple words: The writers were reciting or singing the poems they wrote.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the possessive pronoun 'their' to match the plural subject 'poets'.

 

Question 11. Which word were you searching for in the dictionary?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous tense. It inquires about a specific continuous action of looking up information in a reference book.
In simple words: Which specific word were you trying to find in the dictionary?

🎯 Exam Tip: The pronoun 'you' always takes the plural helping verb 'were' in the past continuous tense.

 

Question 12. Our father was not going on pilgrimage last year.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Past Continuous tense indicating a past habit or planned action that did not happen. It clarifies the travel plans of the father during the previous year.
In simple words: Our father did not travel to any holy places last year.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'was not' for singular subjects like 'father' to show negative continuous actions in the past.

 

Question 13. Why were you not obeying your father?
Answer: This is a negative interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous tense. It questions the reason behind a continuous act of defiance in the past.
In simple words: What was the reason you were not listening to or following your father's advice?

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative questions, 'not' is placed immediately after the subject when using the uncontracted form.

 

Question 14. Our teacher was not teaching us this lesson yesterday.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Past Continuous tense with a specific past time marker 'yesterday'. It describes the absence of a particular classroom activity on that day.
In simple words: The teacher did not explain this particular lesson to us yesterday.

🎯 Exam Tip: Time markers like 'yesterday' help identify that the action belongs to the past tense.

 

Question 15. How much milk were you buying yesterday?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous tense asking about quantity. It inquires about a past purchasing habit or transaction.
In simple words: What quantity of milk were you purchasing yesterday?

🎯 Exam Tip: 'How much' is used for uncountable nouns like 'milk', followed by the noun and then the helping verb.

 

Exercise 8

 

Question 1. He had done this work before he went to Kolkata.
Answer: This sentence uses the Past Perfect tense ('had done') for the earlier action and Simple Past ('went') for the later action. This structure clearly establishes the chronological order of the two events.
In simple words: He finished his task first, and then he traveled to Kolkata.

🎯 Exam Tip: When two past actions are linked, use Past Perfect for the action that happened first and Simple Past for the second action.

 

Question 2. Had you not departed before you received my letter?
Answer: This is a negative interrogative sentence combining Past Perfect ('Had you not departed') and Simple Past ('received'). It asks if one action was completed prior to another past event.
In simple words: Did you leave the place before my letter reached you?

🎯 Exam Tip: In past perfect questions starting with 'Had', the subject is followed by 'not' and the third form of the verb (V3).

 

Question 3. Did he have food after you had reached?
Answer: This sentence uses Simple Past ('Did he have') for the later action and Past Perfect ('had reached') for the earlier action. It shows that the arrival happened before the meal.
In simple words: Did he eat his meal after you arrived at the place?

🎯 Exam Tip: When using 'after', the clause following it usually takes the Past Perfect tense ('had' + V3).

 

Question 4. The birds had flown from the tree even before the sun had risen.
Answer: This sentence describes two past actions using Past Perfect for both, though standard grammar often uses Simple Past for the second action ('before the sun rose'). It emphasizes that both actions are completed in the distant past.
In simple words: The birds flew away from the tree before the sun came up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the sequence of events to determine which action occurred first.

 

Question 5. Did the thief run away after the police had come?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence where the earlier action is in the Past Perfect ('police had come') and the later action is in the Simple Past ('Did the thief run'). It questions the timing of the escape relative to the arrival.
In simple words: Did the thief escape after the police arrived?

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'did' + base verb (V1) for the simple past question part, and 'had' + V3 for the action that happened first.

 

Question 6. He did not stop working hard till he had not passed.
Answer: This sentence uses Simple Past ('did not stop') and Past Perfect ('had not passed') with the conjunction 'till'. It highlights his continuous effort up to the point of achieving success.
In simple words: He kept working very hard until he finally cleared his exams.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Till' connects a continuous past effort with the point of completion or success.

 

Question 7. The crowd dispersed after the policeman had fired.
Answer: This sentence uses Simple Past ('dispersed') for the second action and Past Perfect ('had fired') for the first action. It shows a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the two events.
In simple words: The group of people ran away after the police officer shot a warning fire.

🎯 Exam Tip: The action that happens first (firing) takes 'had' + V3, while the subsequent action (dispersing) takes V2.

 

Question 8. He had already given this examination.
Answer: This is a Past Perfect sentence using the adverb 'already' to show an action completed prior to a past reference point. It indicates that the experience was not new to him.
In simple words: He had already taken this test before.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place 'already' between 'had' and the past participle (V3) verb.

 

Question 9. I could not reach home after the guests had gone.
Answer: This sentence combines a past modal ('could not reach') with the Past Perfect ('guests had gone'). It describes an inability that persisted even after a prior event was completed.
In simple words: I was unable to get home even after the visitors had left.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'had' + V3 ('had gone') for the action that was completed first.

 

Question 10. Had his father died before he was born?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence combining Past Perfect ('Had his father died') and Simple Past passive ('was born'). It inquires about a family history event that occurred prior to his birth.
In simple words: Did his father pass away before his birth?

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about events before a past birth, use the Past Perfect tense for the earlier event.

 

Question 11. Why had the audience gone before the speech was over?
Answer: This is a wh-question combining Past Perfect ('had the audience gone') and Simple Past ('was over'). It seeks the reason for the early departure of the crowd.
In simple words: Why did the people leave before the speech finished?

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure wh-questions in the past perfect as: Wh-word + had + subject + V3.

 

Question 12. The circus show had been over before 9 o’clock.
Answer: This sentence uses Past Perfect ('had been over') to show a state completed before a specific past time. It indicates that the event concluded earlier than expected.
In simple words: The circus performance finished before 9 o'clock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'had been' to describe a state that was completed before a specific time in the past.

 

Question 13. Where did the students go after it had stopped raining?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence combining Simple Past ('did the students go') and Past Perfect ('had stopped'). It asks about the movement of students once the weather cleared.
In simple words: Where did the students travel to once the rain finished?

🎯 Exam Tip: The question part uses 'did' + subject + V1, while the clause after 'after' uses 'had' + V3.

 

Question 14. The train had departed even before he had bought the tickets.
Answer: This sentence uses Past Perfect for both actions to emphasize completion, though standard usage is 'before he bought the tickets'. It highlights a missed opportunity due to poor timing.
In simple words: The train left the station before he could even buy his tickets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you understand the chronological order of events when analyzing past perfect sentences.

 

Question 15. He wandered till he had not got service.
Answer: This sentence uses Simple Past ('wandered') and Past Perfect ('had not got') to describe a search that continued until employment was found. It shows his persistence during a difficult period.
In simple words: He walked around looking for a job until he finally found employment.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Service' here refers to employment or a job, and 'had not got' indicates the state prior to finding it.

Exercise 9

 

Question 1. For how many years had you been reading in this school ?
Answer: तुम इस स्कूल में कितने वर्षों से पढ़ रहे थे? This sentence structure is used to ask about an ongoing action in the past.
In simple words: This question asks about how long you were studying in this school before a certain point in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'had been' with the '-ing' form of the verb for Past Perfect Continuous questions, and use 'for' for a duration of time (like years).

 

Question 2. I had been waiting for you for an hour.
Answer: मैं एक घंटे से तुम्हारा इंतज़ार कर रहा था। It shows a continuous action that happened for a specific duration in the past.
In simple words: This means I started waiting for you in the past, and that waiting lasted for one whole hour.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use 'for' before a period of time like 'an hour', 'two days', or 'five years'.

 

Question 3. Had you been taking Inter examination for few years ?
Answer: क्या आप कुछ वर्षों से इंटर की परीक्षा दे रहे थे? This interrogative sentence asks about a repeated past action over years.
In simple words: This asks if you were continuously appearing for the Intermediate exams over a period of several years.

🎯 Exam Tip: For yes/no questions in the Past Perfect Continuous tense, always start the sentence with the helping verb 'Had'.

 

Question 4. The birds had not been flying in the air since today morning.
Answer: पक्षी आज सुबह से हवा में नहीं उड़ रहे थे। This negative sentence specifies a starting point of time in the past.
In simple words: This means that starting from this morning, the birds were not flying in the sky.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'since' when you are talking about a specific starting point in time, such as 'morning', 'Monday', or '2010'.

 

Question 5. Had you been living in this house since June ?
Answer: क्या आप जून से इस घर में रह रहे थे? This question inquires about a residence starting from a specific month.
In simple words: This asks if you started living in this house in the month of June and continued to stay there.

🎯 Exam Tip: Names of months (like June, July) always take 'since' because they represent a specific point in time.

 

Question 6. The teachers had not been coming to school for ten days.
Answer: शिक्षक दस दिनों से स्कूल नहीं आ रहे थे। This negative sentence describes a continuous absence over a period of ten days.
In simple words: This means that for a continuous block of ten days, the teachers did not attend school.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place 'not' between 'had' and 'been' (had not been) to correctly form negative sentences in this tense.

 

Question 7. My father had not been smoking for two months.
Answer: मेरे पिता दो महीने से धूम्रपान नहीं कर रहे थे। This sentence highlights a positive lifestyle change maintained over a duration.
In simple words: This means my father stopped smoking and did not smoke at all for a period of two months.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'for' is used for a duration of time (two months), while 'since' is used for a specific starting point.

 

Question 8. Had you been serving in this hotel for a long time?
Answer: क्या आप लंबे समय से इस होटल में सेवा कर रहे थे? This question asks about past employment duration.
In simple words: This asks if you had been working or helping out at this hotel for a very long period.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'a long time' is a duration, so it must always be preceded by 'for' instead of 'since'.

 

Question 9. How many students had been living in this hostel since last year?
Answer: पिछले साल से इस हॉस्टल में कितने छात्र रह रहे थे? This question asks for a count of people over a continuous period.
In simple words: This asks for the number of students who started staying in this hostel last year and kept living there.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'how many' questions, place the noun (students) immediately after 'How many' before adding the helping verbs.

 

Question 10. Whom had you been teaching English since 10 o’clock ?
Answer: आप 10 बजे से किसे अंग्रेजी पढ़ा रहे थे? This question seeks to identify the recipient of an action starting at a specific hour.
In simple words: This asks who was the student you were teaching English to, starting from 10 o'clock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Exact clock times (like 10 o'clock, 5 p.m.) are specific points in time, so always use 'since' with them.

 

Question 11. This businessman had not been depositing sales tax for five years.
Answer: यह व्यवसायी पांच साल से बिक्री कर जमा नहीं कर रहा था। This sentence describes a long-term failure to pay taxes.
In simple words: This means the businessman did not pay his sales tax continuously for a period of five years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you spell 'depositing' correctly with a single 't' when adding '-ing' to 'deposit'.

 

Question 12. Where had the watchman been sleeping since 2 o’clock?
Answer: चौकीदार 2 बजे से कहाँ सो रहा था? This question asks about the location of a continuous past action.
In simple words: This asks for the place where the watchman was sleeping starting from 2 o'clock.

🎯 Exam Tip: In double interrogative sentences (starting with where, why, what), place the question word first, followed by 'had', then the subject, and then 'been'.

 

Question 13. She had been looking after her husband since the time of marriage.
Answer: वह शादी के समय से ही अपने पति की देखभाल कर रही थी। This sentence describes a continuous duty starting from a life event.
In simple words: This means she started taking care of her husband when they got married and continued doing so.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Look after' is a phrasal verb meaning 'to take care of'. Keep these two words together in your translation.

 

Question 14. The watercarrier had not been sprinkling water on the road for one month.
Answer: पानी भरने वाला एक महीने से सड़क पर पानी नहीं छिड़क रहा था। This sentence describes a temporary halt in a regular service.
In simple words: This means the person who puts water on the road did not do this job for a whole month.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Watercarrier' refers to a person who carries or supplies water, often translated as 'पानी भरने वाला' or 'सक्का' in Hindi.

 

Question 15. Whom had you been writing letter to since 7 o’clock ?
Answer: आप 7 बजे से किसे पत्र लिख रहे थे? This question asks about the recipient of a continuous writing activity.
In simple words: This asks who was the person you were writing a letter to, starting from 7 o'clock.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using 'whom' at the beginning of a sentence, do not forget to place the preposition 'to' at the appropriate place in the sentence.

 

Exercise 10

 

Question 1. Translate the following passage into Hindi:
One day wind was blowing too strong in evening and the sun was setting in the west. Some friends went on foot to visit to the forest. They were six in number. They saw a flower garden at a little distance. Two of the friends were fond of flowers. Leaving their friends they ran into the garden. Two gardeners had reached the garden before they reached. One of the gardeners had been watering the plants for half an hour and the other gardener was looking after the plants. While moving about those boys reached the gardeners. One of the boys told a gardener that they wanted to pluck some flowers but on seeing them they did not pluck the flowers. The gardener asked them if they had not infact, plucked the flowers. One of the friends could not tell a lie. He took out two rose flowers from his pocket and told the gardener that those were the only two flowers that he had plucked. In the meantime the supervisor of the gardener happened to reach there and fine him fifty rupees. The boy grew sad on hearing about the penalty of fifty rupees for speaking the truth. The supervisor explained to him that the punishment is for breaking the rule and is equal to all. The boy got satisfied and begged pardon of the supervisor.
Answer: एक दिन शाम को हवा बहुत तेज चल रही थी और सूरज पश्चिम में अस्त हो रहा था। कुछ दोस्त जंगल की सैर करने पैदल ही निकल पड़े। वे संख्या में छह थे। उन्होंने कुछ दूरी पर एक फूलों का बगीचा देखा। दो दोस्तों को फूल बहुत पसंद थे। अपने दोस्तों को छोड़कर वे बगीचे में भाग गए। उनके पहुँचने से पहले दो माली बगीचे में पहुँच चुके थे। एक माली आधे घंटे से पौधों को पानी दे रहा था और दूसरा माली पौधों की देखभाल कर रहा था। घूमते-घूमते वे लड़के मालियों के पास पहुँचे। लड़कों में से एक ने माली से कहा कि वे कुछ फूल तोड़ना चाहते हैं, लेकिन उन्हें देखकर उन्होंने फूल नहीं तोड़े। माली ने उनसे पूछा कि क्या उन्होंने वास्तव में फूल नहीं तोड़े थे। दोस्तों में से एक झूठ नहीं बोल सका। उसने अपनी जेब से दो गुलाब के फूल निकाले और माली से कहा कि केवल यही दो फूल उसने तोड़े थे। इसी बीच माली का सुपरवाइजर वहाँ पहुँच गया और उसने उस पर पचास रुपये का जुर्माना लगा दिया। सच बोलने पर पचास रुपये का जुर्माना सुनकर लड़का उदास हो गया। सुपरवाइजर ने उसे समझाया कि सजा नियम तोड़ने के लिए है और सभी के लिए समान है। लड़का संतुष्ट हो गया और उसने सुपरवाइजर से माफी मांगी।
In simple words: This story is about a group of friends visiting a garden. One boy honestly admits to plucking two roses and is fined, learning that rules apply equally to everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: When translating a narrative passage, maintain the past tense throughout the translation to match the original English text.

 

Exercise 11

 

Question 1. I shall meet you in Gandhi Park in the evening.
Answer: मैं शाम को आपसे गांधी पार्क में मिलूंगा। This sentence expresses a planned future action.
In simple words: This means I plan to see you at Gandhi Park when evening comes.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Future Indefinite Tense, use 'shall' with first-person pronouns 'I' and 'We', and 'will' with all other subjects.

 

Question 2. We shall not go for a walk today.
Answer: हम आज टहलने नहीं जाएंगे। This is a negative statement about a future plan.
In simple words: This means we have decided not to go out for our walk today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place 'not' immediately after 'shall' or 'will' to form negative sentences in the future tense.

 

Question 3. You will leave this school.
Answer: तुम यह स्कूल छोड़ दोगे। This indicates an action that will happen in the future.
In simple words: This means you are going to go away from this school in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'will' with the second-person pronoun 'You' for simple future predictions or statements.

 

Question 4. Where will you get admission now?
Answer: अब आपको कहाँ प्रवेश मिलेगा? This question asks about a future decision or location.
In simple words: This asks which school or college you are going to join next.

🎯 Exam Tip: In future tense questions, place the question word (Where) first, followed by 'will/shall', then the subject, and finally the first form of the verb.

 

Question 5. I shall never tell a lie.
Answer: मैं कभी झूठ नहीं बोलूंगा। This is a strong promise or resolution for the future.
In simple words: This means I promise that I will always speak the truth from now on.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'never' directly after 'shall' or 'will' to express that an action will not happen at any time in the future.

 

Question 6. Why will mother not make sweets ?
Answer: माँ मिठाइयाँ क्यों नहीं बनाएँगी? This question asks for the reason behind a future negative action.
In simple words: This asks for the reason why mother is decided not to prepare any sweets.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative interrogative sentences, place 'not' immediately after the subject (mother) in the sentence structure.

 

Question 7. Will you understand English newspaper ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Simple tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या आप अंग्रेजी समाचार पत्र समझेंगे? Reading newspapers daily is an excellent habit to build vocabulary.
In simple words: This sentence asks if you will be able to read and comprehend a newspaper written in English in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: In interrogative sentences starting with 'will' or 'shall', always place the subject immediately after the helping verb.

 

Question 8. You will have to come here tomorrow.
Answer: This sentence expresses a future obligation using 'will have to'. The Hindi translation is: आपको कल यहाँ आना होगा। It indicates a compulsory action that must be performed.
In simple words: This means it is necessary for you to come to this place tomorrow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'will have to' or 'shall have to' followed by the first form of the verb to show future compulsion or necessity.

 

Question 9. Sunil Dutt will give message of peace to the people.
Answer: This is an assertive sentence in the Future Simple tense. The Hindi translation is: सुनील दत्त लोगों को शांति का संदेश देंगे। Promoting peace is essential for harmony in society.
In simple words: Sunil Dutt is going to tell people about living peacefully in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: For singular proper nouns like 'Sunil Dutt', always use 'will' as the helping verb in the future tense.

 

Question 10. These boys shall work hard.
Answer: This sentence uses 'shall' with a third-person plural subject to show determination or promise in the future. The Hindi translation is: ये लड़के कठिन परिश्रम करेंगे। Hard work is the key to achieving success in life.
In simple words: These boys are determined to put in a lot of effort and work very hard.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'shall' is used with second or third-person subjects, it indicates a strong determination, promise, or command.

 

Question 11. How many boys will go to see Nauchandi today?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Simple tense asking about quantity. The Hindi translation is: आज कितने लड़के नौचंदी देखने जायेंगे? Nauchandi is a famous fair held in Meerut.
In simple words: The speaker wants to know the number of boys who plan to visit the Nauchandi fair today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always place the noun ('boys') immediately after 'how many' or 'how much' in interrogative sentences.

 

Question 12. She will never help her mother.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Future Simple tense. The Hindi translation is: वह अपनी माँ की कभी मदद नहीं करेगी। Helping parents is a noble and dutiful act.
In simple words: She has decided that she is not going to assist her mother at any time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place the adverb 'never' immediately after the helping verb 'will' or 'shall' and before the main verb.

 

Question 13. When will the peon ring the bell ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence (Wh- question) in the Future Simple tense. The Hindi translation is: चपरासी घंटी कब बजाएगा? The ringing of the bell usually marks the end of a period.
In simple words: This question asks about the specific time when the peon will make the bell ring.

🎯 Exam Tip: Start Wh-questions with the question word ('when'), followed by the helping verb ('will'), and then the subject.

 

Question 14. The principal shall pardon your fine.
Answer: This sentence uses 'shall' to express a promise or assurance from an authority. The Hindi translation is: प्रधानाचार्य आपका जुर्माना माफ कर देंगे। Forgiveness is a great virtue shown by leaders.
In simple words: The head of the school will excuse you from paying the penalty money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'shall' with a third-person subject like 'The principal' denotes a formal assurance or promise.

 

Question 15. How much milk will you have today?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Simple tense asking about an uncountable quantity. The Hindi translation is: आज आपके पास कितना दूध होगा? Drinking milk daily is highly beneficial for growing children.
In simple words: This asks about the quantity of milk you are going to drink or have today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'how much' for uncountable nouns like milk, water, or sugar, and 'how many' for countable nouns.

 

Exercise 12

 

Question 1. The people will be rejoicing on the occasion of Diwali.
Answer: This is an assertive sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: लोग दिवाली के अवसर पर आनंद मना रहे होंगे। Festivals bring immense joy and togetherness to families.
In simple words: People will be celebrating and having a happy time during the festival of Diwali.

🎯 Exam Tip: The structure for Future Continuous tense is: Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing.

 

Question 2. The police will be patrolling the city.
Answer: This is in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: पुलिस शहर में गश्त कर रही होगी। Regular patrolling ensures safety and security for all citizens.
In simple words: The police officers will be moving around the city to keep it safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'will be' with the present participle (ing-form) of the verb to show an ongoing action in the future.

 

Question 3. My friend will not be waiting for me on the station.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: मेरा मित्र स्टेशन पर मेरा इंतजार नहीं कर रहा होगा। It is always good to arrive at the station on time.
In simple words: My friend will not be standing at the station expecting me to arrive.

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative Future Continuous sentences, always place 'not' between 'will/shall' and 'be' (e.g., 'will not be').

 

Question 4. Will your servant not be taking salary ?
Answer: This is an interrogative-negative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या आपका नौकर वेतन नहीं ले रहा होगा? Employees deserve timely payment for their hard work.
In simple words: This asks if your helper will refuse to receive their monthly payment.

🎯 Exam Tip: For interrogative-negative sentences, the structure is: Will/Shall + Subject + not + be + verb-ing?

 

Question 5. Will that patient be sleeping in bed ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या वह मरीज बिस्तर पर सो रहा होगा? Proper rest is crucial for a speedy recovery from illness.
In simple words: The speaker is asking if the sick person will be asleep in their bed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not forget to place the subject between 'will' and 'be' in interrogative sentences.

 

Question 6. Who will be clamouring before me?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: मेरे सामने कौन शोर मचा रहा होगा? Maintaining silence in public spaces shows good manners.
In simple words: Who is going to be making a loud noise or shouting in front of me?

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'who' acts as the subject of the sentence, it is followed directly by 'will be' and the ing-verb.

 

Question 7. Will the teacher be checking our essay?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या शिक्षक हमारा निबंध जांच रहे होंगे? Feedback from teachers helps students improve their writing skills.
In simple words: This asks if the teacher will be reading and correcting our written essays.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the spelling of 'checking' is correct and always end interrogative sentences with a question mark.

 

Question 8. Where will your mother be sleeping ?
Answer: This is a Wh- interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: आपकी माँ कहाँ सो रही होंगी? A comfortable environment is necessary for a peaceful sleep.
In simple words: This question asks about the location where your mother will be resting.

🎯 Exam Tip: The structure is: Wh-word + will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing?

 

Question 9. The train will not be arriving in time.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: ट्रेन समय पर नहीं आ रही होगी। Delays in public transport can cause inconvenience to passengers.
In simple words: The train is not going to reach the station at its scheduled time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'in time' to mean early enough, and 'on time' to mean at the planned time.

 

Question 10. Where will they be playing the match?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: वे मैच कहाँ खेल रहे होंगे? Sports help in building teamwork and physical fitness.
In simple words: This asks about the playground or stadium where they will be playing their game.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the helping verb 'will' before the subject 'they' and 'be' after the subject.

 

Question 11. We shall not be going to Delhi.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: हम दिल्ली नहीं जा रहे होंगे। Traveling to new cities can be an exciting learning experience.
In simple words: We do not have plans to travel to Delhi in the coming days.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'shall' with first-person pronouns ('I' and 'We') in formal English grammar.

 

Question 12. Why will the children be weeping ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: बच्चे क्यों रो रहे होंगे? Children usually cry when they are hungry or tired.
In simple words: What is the reason that the kids will be crying?

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Weep' is a more formal or literary word for 'cry'. Ensure correct spelling of 'weeping'.

 

Question 13. How many monkeys will be running on the roof?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: छत पर कितने बंदर दौड़ रहे होंगे? Monkeys are known for their playful and mischievous nature.
In simple words: This asks for the count of monkeys that will be active on top of the house.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the preposition 'on' for surfaces like 'on the roof'.

 

Question 14. How much milk will you be having ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: आपके पास कितना दूध हो रहा होगा? Consuming dairy products provides essential calcium for bones.
In simple words: This asks about the quantity of milk you will be consuming or keeping.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Having' can be used to mean consuming (drinking/eating) or possessing in continuous contexts.

 

Question 15. When will the teacher be calling me ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Continuous tense. The Hindi translation is: शिक्षक मुझे कब बुला रहे होंगे? Being called by a teacher is an opportunity to learn.
In simple words: At what time will the teacher ask me to come to them?

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the question word 'When' is followed immediately by the auxiliary verb 'will'.

 

Exercise 13

 

Question 1. They will have gone from here five years ago.
Answer: This sentence combines Future Perfect tense with a past time reference, which is grammatically unusual but translated literally as: वे पाँच साल पहले यहाँ से जा चुके होंगे। Using correct tense markers is vital for clear communication.
In simple words: This means we assume they left this place five years in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: The structure for Future Perfect tense is: Subject + will/shall + have + third form of verb (V3).

 

Question 2. I will have read the newspaper before father goes out.
Answer: This is a complex sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: पिताजी के बाहर जाने से पहले मैं समाचार पत्र पढ़ चुका हूँगा। Reading daily keeps us updated with global events.
In simple words: I will finish reading the newspaper before my father leaves the house.

🎯 Exam Tip: In future perfect complex sentences, the first action uses Future Perfect, and the second action uses Simple Present ('before father goes out').

 

Question 3. Will he not have returned from picnic tomorrow ?
Answer: This is an interrogative-negative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या वह कल तक पिकनिक से वापस नहीं लौट चुका होगा? Picnics are a great way to relax and rejuvenate.
In simple words: Is it possible that he won't be back from his picnic trip by tomorrow?

🎯 Exam Tip: The structure is: Will/Shall + Subject + not + have + V3 + object?

 

Question 4. This patient will have died before his sons come.
Answer: This is a complex sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: उसके बेटों के आने से पहले यह मरीज मर चुका होगा। Timely medical intervention can save precious lives.
In simple words: The sick person will pass away before their sons manage to reach here.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the base/plural form of the verb ('come') for plural subjects ('sons') in the present simple clause.

 

Question 5. Will the guests have gone before the sun rises ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या सूर्य उदय होने से पहले मेहमान जा चुके होंगे? Welcoming guests warmly is a key part of our culture.
In simple words: Will the visitors leave the house before the morning sun comes up?

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the singular verb 'rises' with the singular subject 'the sun' in the simple present clause.

 

Question 6. How many spectators will have seen cricket match by 10th May ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: 10 मई तक कितने दर्शक क्रिकेट मैच देख चुके होंगे? Cricket matches attract huge crowds in our country.
In simple words: What will be the total number of people who have watched the match by the tenth of May?

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'by' to indicate a deadline or a specific point of time in the future perfect tense.

 

Question 7. I shall not have reached my school by 8 O’clock.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: मैं 8 बजे तक अपने स्कूल नहीं पहुँच चुका हूँगा। Punctuality is a highly valued habit in school life.
In simple words: I will not be inside the school premises when the clock strikes eight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place 'not' between 'shall/will' and 'have' in negative future perfect sentences.

 

Question 8. Who will have knocked at the door before I come out ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: मेरे बाहर आने से पहले किसने दरवाजा खटखटाया होगा? Knocking before entering is a basic sign of politeness.
In simple words: Who is the person who will have tapped on the door before I step outside?

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the preposition 'at' after the verb 'knock' when referring to a door.

 

Question 9. Will you have drawn the map before the teacher comes ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या शिक्षक के आने से पहले आप मानचित्र बना चुके होंगे? Drawing maps helps in understanding geography much better.
In simple words: Will you finish sketching the map before the teacher enters the classroom?

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Drawn' is the third form (V3) of the verb 'draw'. Make sure to use V3 in the future perfect clause.

 

Question 10. Will the police have arrested the thieves before they run away?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या चोरों के भागने से पहले पुलिस उन्हें गिरफ्तार कर चुकी होगी? The police work hard to maintain law and order.
In simple words: Will the officers catch the thieves before they manage to escape?

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that 'police' is a collective noun that takes a plural verb, and 'thieves' is the plural of 'thief'.

 

Question 11. Why will the carpenter not have prepared all furniture before marriage ?
Answer: This is an interrogative-negative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: शादी से पहले बढ़ई ने सारा फर्नीचर क्यों नहीं तैयार कर लिया होगा? Wooden furniture adds beauty and utility to a home.
In simple words: What is the reason that the woodworker will not finish making the furniture before the wedding day?

🎯 Exam Tip: The word 'furniture' is uncountable and does not take an 's' at the end.

 

Question 12. Will your examination have been over before 8th April ?
Answer: This is an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: क्या 8 अप्रैल से पहले आपकी परीक्षा समाप्त हो चुकी होगी? Preparing well in advance helps reduce exam stress.
In simple words: Will all your school tests be finished before the eighth of April?

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'been over' as the past participle form of 'be over' to indicate completion.

 

Question 13. The enemy will not have run away when our army reaches.
Answer: This is a negative sentence in the Future Perfect tense. The Hindi translation is: जब हमारी सेना पहुँचेगी, तब तक दुश्मन भाग नहीं चुका होगा। Our brave soldiers protect the nation's borders selflessly.
In simple words: The opposing soldiers will still be there when our army arrives.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Run' is the third form (V3) of the verb 'run' (run-ran-run). Do not confuse it with the second form 'ran'.

p>Question 14. The cat will have drunk all milk before the mistress awakes.
Answer: The cat will have drunk all milk before the mistress awakes. This shows a completed action in the future before another action occurs.
In simple words: This means the cat will finish drinking the milk before its owner wakes up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the future perfect tense ('will have drunk') for the action completed first, and simple present ('awakes') for the action that happens second.

 

Question 15. All the people will have run away before the storm approaches.
Answer: All the people will have run away before the storm approaches. This highlights the urgency of the situation before the weather worsens.
In simple words: This means everyone will escape to safety before the storm arrives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'will have' followed by the third form of the verb ('run') for the earlier future action.

Exercise 14

 

Question 1. Will you have been playing for two hours ?
Answer: Will you have been playing for two hours ? This sentence structure is used to ask about the duration of an activity up to a certain point in the future.
In simple words: This asks if you will be in the middle of playing for a duration of two hours at a future point.

🎯 Exam Tip: For future perfect continuous questions, start with 'Will' followed by the subject, then 'have been' and the '-ing' verb.

 

Question 2. He will have been waiting for you for two days.
Answer: He will have been waiting for you for two days. This emphasizes the long duration of his patience by that future time.
In simple words: This means that by a certain time in the future, he will have spent two days waiting for you.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'for' to show a duration of time (like 'for two days') in perfect continuous tenses.

 

Question 3. What will this boy have been doing here since Friday?
Answer: What will this boy have been doing here since Friday? This question focuses on the continuous nature of his actions over several days.
In simple words: This question asks about the continuous action of a boy starting from Friday up to a point in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'since' for a specific starting point in time (like 'since Friday') in perfect continuous tenses.

 

Question 4. Will the hunter have been chasing the rabbit for two hours ?
Answer: Will the hunter have been chasing the rabbit for two hours ? This inquiry highlights the ongoing struggle between the hunter and the prey.
In simple words: This asks if the hunter's chase of the rabbit will have lasted for two hours by a future time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the helping verb 'will' is placed before the subject in interrogative sentences.

 

Question 5. She will not have been singing song since 3 o’clock.
Answer: She will not have been singing song since 3 o’clock. This negative statement clarifies that her singing session was not continuous.
In simple words: This means she will not have been continuously singing from 3 o'clock up to a future point.

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative sentences, place 'not' between 'will' and 'have been' (i.e., 'will not have been').

 

Question 6. Will you have been cleaning your house for two hours ?
Answer: Will you have been cleaning your house for two hours ? This question helps to estimate the total time spent on household chores.
In simple words: This asks if your house cleaning activity will have been going on for two hours.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the base form 'have' (never 'has') after 'will' in future perfect continuous tense, regardless of the subject.

 

Question 7. These students will not have been studying English from next year.
Answer: These students will not have been studying English from next year. This indicates a change in their academic curriculum starting next term.
In simple words: This means that starting next year, these students will not be continuously studying English.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'From' is often used instead of 'since' to indicate a starting point in the future.

 

Question 8. These children will not have been watching T.V. since 7 o’clock
Answer: These children will not have been watching T.V. since 7 o’clock. This suggests that their screen time was limited or started later.
In simple words: This means the children will not have been continuously watching television starting from 7 o'clock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the spelling of abbreviations like 'T.V.' and ensure proper punctuation is maintained.

 

Question 9. Where will the police have been chasing the thief for two hours ?
Answer: Where will the police have been chasing the thief for two hours ? This question seeks to find the location of the prolonged pursuit.
In simple words: This asks about the location where the police will have been running after the thief for a duration of two hours.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'Wh-' questions, place the question word (like 'Where') at the very beginning of the sentence.

 

Question 10. Where will you have been going to examine the answer books since 15th April ?
Answer: Where will you have been going to examine the answer books since 15th April ? This helps clarify the location of the evaluation center.
In simple words: This asks about the place you will have been visiting to grade answer sheets starting from April 15th.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the spelling of 'examine' and ensure 'since' is used for specific dates like '15th April'.

 

Question 11. Will your son have been preparing for entrance examination next year?
Answer: Will your son have been preparing for entrance examination next year? This shows concern for his future academic planning and dedication.
In simple words: This asks if your son will be continuously studying for his entrance exams during next year.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Prepare' is followed by the preposition 'for' when talking about studying or getting ready for an exam.

 

Question 12. The government will not have been giving any relaxation in the taxes from the end of this year.
Answer: The government will not have been giving any relaxation in the taxes from the end of this year. This indicates a strict fiscal policy ahead.
In simple words: This means that after this year ends, the government will not be continuously offering tax relief.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'from' to denote the starting point of a future continuous action or state.

 

Question 13. Will you have been teaching Hindi also since 2004 ?
Answer: Will you have been teaching Hindi also since 2004 ? This highlights a long-term commitment to language education.
In simple words: This asks if you will have been teaching Hindi as well, starting from the year 2004.

🎯 Exam Tip: Capitalize proper nouns like languages ('Hindi') and specific years ('2004').

 

Question 14. The washer man will have been ironing the clothes for one hour.
Answer: The washer man will have been ironing the clothes for one hour. This shows the hard work involved in daily laundry tasks.
In simple words: This means the laundry worker will have spent an hour pressing clothes by a certain future time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Washerman' is usually written as a single word, but keep it as written in the source text if required.

 

Question 15. Will you have been reading the newspaper since ten minutes ?
Answer: Will you have been reading the newspaper since ten minutes ? This asks about a short but continuous reading habit.
In simple words: This asks if you will have been reading the paper for a duration of ten minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that 'for ten minutes' is grammatically more appropriate than 'since ten minutes' for a duration of time, but keep the text verbatim as requested.

Exercise 15

Where will you celebrate your birthday and how many friends will you invite this year? Will some relatives too participate your birthday function? At least I will be overjoyed in your birthday function as ever. I will be making preparations for so to attend your birthday function for many days before. This time I will give you a unique birthday gift and this will be a surprising gift. All the persons attending the party will be wonders such on seeing it. Although all the persons will bring gifts but the gift of mine will be unique of all. I am saying this with full confidence. You will be receiving your friends at the entrance. All of your friends will be greatly happy to see you in your new dress. Your friends will have been waiting for this day for so many days. Will you also help me in my birthday party. How many hours earlier will you come on my birthday. I will have been waiting for your arrival. You will be all in all in my birthday function. I am confident of it that you will make my birthday function uniqne.

Exercise 16

 

Question 1. The thieves were arrested by the police.
Answer: The thieves were arrested by the police. This action ensures safety and justice in the local community.
In simple words: This sentence is in the passive voice, showing that the police caught the thieves.

🎯 Exam Tip: In passive voice, the object of the action ('the thieves') becomes the subject of the sentence.

 

Question 2. He was requested for help.
Answer: He was requested for help. This shows that his expertise was highly valued by others.
In simple words: This means someone asked him to help them.

🎯 Exam Tip: The past simple passive is formed using 'was/were' followed by the past participle of the verb ('requested').

 

Question 3. My friend was shot dead.
Answer: My friend was shot dead. This tragic event highlights the sudden loss of a close companion.
In simple words: This means someone shot and killed my friend.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Shot dead' is a passive construction where the agent (the person who shot) is omitted because it is unknown or unimportant.

 

Question 4. You will not be pardoned.
Answer: You will not be pardoned. This emphasizes the strict consequences of one's actions.
In simple words: This means you will not be forgiven for what you did.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future simple passive in the negative form is structured as 'will not be' followed by the past participle ('pardoned').

 

Question 5. The students are fined by the principal,
Answer: The students are fined by the principal, This disciplinary action is taken to maintain order in the school.
In simple words: This means the principal is giving fines to the students.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'are' for plural subjects ('students') followed by the past participle ('fined') in the present simple passive voice.

 

Question 6. The children are looked after by the parents.
Answer: The parents look after the children. This shows that the parents are the ones performing the action of caring for their children.
In simple words: We change the sentence so that the parents (who do the action) come first, and the children (who receive the action) come last.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the doer of the action ('the parents') and make them the subject of the active voice sentence.

 

Question 7. Now these books will be sold.
Answer: Now they will sell these books. Since the original sentence does not mention who is selling, we use a general pronoun like 'they' or 'someone' as the subject.
In simple words: Since we do not know who is selling the books, we use "they" to show that someone is doing the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the agent is missing in passive voice, introduce a suitable subject like 'they', 'someone', or 'we' in the active voice.

 

Question 8. A film will be shown to us.
Answer: They will show us a film. This active construction clearly indicates that some group of people or organizers will present the movie to the audience.
In simple words: Instead of saying the film is shown to us, we say "they" (the people running the show) will show it to us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the future tense ('will show') consistent when converting from passive ('will be shown') to active voice.

 

Question 9. Will a letter be sent to me?
Answer: Will they send a letter to me? This interrogative sentence asks if someone is going to perform the action of sending a letter.
In simple words: We turn the question around to ask if "they" (someone) will do the action of sending the letter.

🎯 Exam Tip: For passive questions starting with auxiliary verbs like 'will', start the active question with the same auxiliary verb.

 

Question 10. Is this boy praised by all the teachers ?
Answer: Do all the teachers praise this boy? This active question places the teachers as the active subject performing the action of praising.
In simple words: We ask if the teachers are the ones doing the praising, making the sentence more direct.

🎯 Exam Tip: In present tense passive questions starting with 'is/are', use 'do/does' to start the active question.

 

Question 11. Was this lesson not taught to the students ?
Answer: Did the teacher not teach this lesson to the students? We introduce 'the teacher' as the logical subject who performs the action of teaching in a classroom setting.
In simple words: We ask if the teacher did not do the teaching, which makes the sentence active and clear.

🎯 Exam Tip: For past tense passive questions starting with 'was/were', use 'did' to start the active question.

 

Question 12. When were you abused by him ?
Answer: When did he abuse you? This direct question asks about the specific time the person performed the negative action.
In simple words: We ask when "he" did the action to "you", putting the person who did it first.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the question word ('when', 'why', 'how') at the very beginning of the sentence in both active and passive voices.

 

Question 13. The patients are given cow milk.
Answer: They give cow milk to the patients. In a hospital or care setting, the staff or doctors are the implied doers of this action.
In simple words: We say "they" (like nurses or doctors) give the milk to the patients to make the sentence active.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use simple present tense ('give') in active voice to match the simple present passive ('are given').

 

Question 14. The story was not told by our grandmother.
Answer: Our grandmother did not tell the story. This active sentence clearly states that grandmother was not the narrator of the tale.
In simple words: We say that grandmother did not do the action of telling the story.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'was not + past participle' into 'did not + base verb' when changing from passive to active voice in the past tense.

 

Question 15. Will you be given the invitation of feast ?
Answer: Will they give you the invitation of the feast? This question asks if someone will hand over the invitation card to you.
In simple words: We ask if "they" will do the action of giving you the invitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the object ('you') remains the recipient of the action in the active voice.

Exercise 17

 

Question 1. This novel is being read by me.
Answer: I am reading this novel. This active sentence shows that the speaker is currently engaged in the process of reading.
In simple words: Instead of saying the book is being read by me, I say "I am reading" it right now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'is/am/are + being + past participle' (present continuous passive) to 'is/am/are + -ing verb' (present continuous active).

 

Question 2. A message was being sent by them.
Answer: They were sending a message. This indicates that the group of people was in the middle of transmitting information.
In simple words: We say "they were sending" to show they were in the middle of doing the action in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'was/were + being + past participle' (past continuous passive) to 'was/were + -ing verb' (past continuous active).

 

Question 3. Was a letter being written by the father ?
Answer: Was the father writing a letter? This question asks if the father was in the process of composing a letter at that moment.
In simple words: We ask if the father was actively doing the writing in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maintain the continuous aspect by using the '-ing' form of the main verb in the active voice.

 

Question 4. A song is being sung by the girls.
Answer: The girls are singing a song. This active sentence highlights the girls as the ones currently performing the musical piece.
In simple words: We say the girls are doing the singing right now, which is more natural and direct.

🎯 Exam Tip: Match the plural subject ('the girls') with the plural helping verb ('are') in the active voice.

 

Question 5. Was a match being played by the boys ?
Answer: Were the boys playing a match? This question inquires whether the boys were actively participating in the game.
In simple words: We ask if the boys were busy playing the match in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Change the singular helping verb 'was' (matching 'a match') to the plural 'were' to match the new plural subject 'the boys'.

 

Question 6. The boys are being punished.
Answer: The teacher is punishing the boys. We assume a teacher or authority figure is the one administering the punishment.
In simple words: Since we do not know who is punishing, we add "the teacher" as the person doing the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the active subject is not mentioned, supply a logical noun like 'the teacher' or 'the master' based on the context.

 

Question 7. The stones were being thrown on the frogs by the boys.
Answer: The boys were throwing stones on the frogs. This active sentence clearly identifies the boys as the ones performing this mischievous action.
In simple words: We say the boys were doing the action of throwing the stones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place the agent ('the boys') at the beginning of the sentence as the subject in active voice.

 

Question 8. Are they being called ?
Answer: Is someone calling them? This question asks if there is any person currently trying to get their attention.
In simple words: We ask if "someone" is doing the action of calling them right now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'someone' as a singular subject, which requires the singular helping verb 'is' in the active voice.

 

Question 9. By whom are you being taught English ?
Answer: Who is teaching you English? This question asks for the identity of the person who is currently instructing you in the English language.
In simple words: We ask "who" is doing the action of teaching you.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always convert 'By whom' at the start of a passive question into 'Who' at the start of the active question.

 

Question 10. Prizes are being distributed to the boys.
Answer: They are distributing prizes to the boys. This active sentence suggests that the organizers or school staff are handing out the awards.
In simple words: We say "they" are doing the action of giving out the prizes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present continuous tense ('are distributing') to match the passive continuous form ('are being distributed').

 

Question 11. The car was being driven by the driver.
Answer: The driver was driving the car. This active sentence clearly states that the driver was operating the vehicle.
In simple words: We say the driver was doing the action of driving the car.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the subject ('the driver') and the verb ('was driving') agree in number and tense.

 

Question 12. Football was being played by the boys.
Answer: The boys were playing football. This active sentence shows that the boys were actively engaged in a game of football.
In simple words: We say the boys were doing the action of playing football.

🎯 Exam Tip: Change 'was being played' to 'were playing' because the new subject 'the boys' is plural.

 

Question 13. Medicine was being given to the patient by the doctor.
Answer: The doctor was giving medicine to the patient. This active sentence highlights the doctor as the healthcare professional administering the treatment.
In simple words: We say the doctor was doing the action of giving the medicine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the past continuous tense ('was giving') to match the passive continuous ('was being given').

 

Question 14. All patients are being vaccinated.
Answer: Doctors are vaccinating all patients. This active sentence introduces medical professionals as the ones administering the vaccines.
In simple words: We say "doctors" are doing the action of vaccinating the patients.

🎯 Exam Tip: Supply a logical plural subject like 'doctors' or 'nurses' when the passive sentence is about medical treatment.

 

Question 15. Rice are being boiled by the mother.
Answer: The mother is boiling rice. This active sentence shows the mother performing the cooking task in the kitchen.
In simple words: We say the mother is doing the action of boiling the rice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Even if the passive sentence uses 'are' with 'rice', use the singular verb 'is' with 'the mother' in the active voice.

Exercise 18

 

Question 1. The match will have been finished.
Answer: They will have finished the match. This active sentence indicates that the players or organizers will complete the game by a certain time.
In simple words: We say "they" will have completed the action of finishing the match.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'will have been + past participle' (future perfect passive) to 'will have + past participle' (future perfect active).

 

Question 2. The medicine will have been given to the patient.
Answer: The nurse will have given the medicine to the patient. This active sentence introduces a healthcare worker as the person administering the dose.
In simple words: We say "the nurse" will have done the action of giving the medicine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose a logical subject like 'the nurse' or 'the doctor' to make the active voice sentence sound natural.

 

Question 3. Our work has been finished.
Answer: We have finished our work. This active sentence shows that we are the ones who completed our assigned tasks.
In simple words: We say "we" have done the action of finishing our work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'has/have been + past participle' (present perfect passive) to 'has/have + past participle' (present perfect active).

 

Question 4. All the clothes have been washed.
Answer: The washerman has washed all the clothes. This active sentence identifies the person responsible for cleaning the garments.
In simple words: We say "the washerman" has done the action of washing the clothes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Match the singular subject ('the washerman') with the singular helping verb ('has') in the active voice.

 

Question 5. The lesson has been learnt by the boys.
Answer: The boys have learnt the lesson. This active sentence shows that the boys have successfully studied and understood their schoolwork.
In simple words: We say the boys have done the action of learning the lesson.

🎯 Exam Tip: Change 'has been learnt' to 'have learnt' because the new subject 'the boys' is plural.

 

Question 6. The city had been burnt by the enemy.
Answer: The enemy had burnt the city. This active sentence clearly states that the opposing forces caused the destruction of the city.
In simple words: We say the enemy did the action of burning the city in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'had been + past participle' (past perfect passive) to 'had + past participle' (past perfect active).

 

Question 7. The clothes will have been ironed by the washerman.
Answer: The washerman will have ironed the clothes. This active sentence shows that the laundry worker will complete the ironing task.
In simple words: We say the washerman will have done the action of ironing the clothes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the future perfect tense ('will have ironed') consistent with the passive form ('will have been ironed').

 

Question 8. When had the dacoit been hanged ?
Answer: When had they hanged the dacoit? This active question asks about the specific past time the executioners carried out the sentence.
In simple words: We ask when "they" (the authorities) did the action of hanging the dacoit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Retain the past perfect question structure ('had + subject + past participle') in the active voice.

 

Question 9. Why have sweets been distributed ?
Answer: Why have they distributed sweets? This active question asks for the reason behind the celebration or sharing of treats.
In simple words: We ask why "they" did the action of giving out sweets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'they' as the active subject when the distributor of sweets is not specified in the passive sentence.

 

Question 10. The servant will have been given the order.
Answer: The master will have given the order to the servant. This active sentence introduces the master as the logical person giving instructions to a servant.
In simple words: We say "the master" will have done the action of giving the order.

🎯 Exam Tip: Supply a contextually appropriate subject like 'the master' or 'the boss' when converting sentences about servants.

 

Question 11. The crops had been reaped last month.
Answer: The farmers had reaped the crops last month. This active sentence attributes the harvesting work to the agricultural workers.
In simple words: We say "the farmers" did the action of harvesting the crops last month.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'the farmers' as the active subject since reaping crops is a task performed by them.

 

Question 12. The lessons will have been revised by the students.
Answer: The students will have revised the lessons. This active sentence shows that the students will complete their study preparation.
In simple words: We say the students will have done the action of revising their lessons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Place the agent ('the students') at the beginning of the sentence to act as the subject in the active voice.

 

Question 13. All the plants have been destroyed by the monkeys.
Answer: The monkeys have destroyed all the plants. This active construction shifts the focus back to the monkeys as the active doers of the action.
In simple words: The monkeys destroyed all the plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting from passive to active voice, make the agent (the monkeys) the subject of the sentence.

 

Question 14. Two children have been run over by a truck.
Answer: A truck has run over two children. This active voice sentence clearly identifies the vehicle responsible for the accident.
In simple words: A truck ran over two children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the object of the preposition 'by' (a truck) and make it the subject in the active voice.

 

Question 15. A letter had been written to our friend by us.
Answer: We had written a letter to our friend. This active voice structure emphasizes our action of writing to our friend.
In simple words: We wrote a letter to our friend.

🎯 Exam Tip: The pronoun 'us' in the passive voice changes to the subject pronoun 'we' in the active voice.

 

Exercise 19

 

Question 1. The answer to this letter must be sent.
Answer: One must send the answer to this letter. Adding an indefinite pronoun like 'one' helps complete the active sentence when the original agent is not specified.
In simple words: You must send the reply to this letter.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the agent is missing in a passive sentence with a modal verb, use 'one', 'we', or 'you' as the active subject.

 

Question 2. This patient should be admitted in a good nursing home.
Answer: We should admit this patient in a good nursing home. This active voice conversion suggests a collective responsibility or recommendation for the patient's care.
In simple words: We should take this patient to a good nursing home.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'we' or 'you' as the subject when converting passive sentences that give advice or suggestions.

 

Question 3. This time the match can be won.
Answer: We can win the match this time. This active voice sentence expresses confidence and team spirit directly.
In simple words: We have a good chance to win the match this time.

🎯 Exam Tip: The modal auxiliary 'can be + past participle' changes to 'can + base verb' in the active voice.

 

Question 4. The cake may be eaten by ants.
Answer: Ants may eat the cake. This active voice sentence directly warns about the ants' potential action.
In simple words: Ants might eat the cake.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the modal verb 'may' unchanged and follow it with the base form of the verb 'eat'.

 

Question 5. The car should be driven slowly.
Answer: One should drive the car slowly. This active voice sentence serves as a general safety instruction for any driver.
In simple words: You should drive the car at a slow speed.

🎯 Exam Tip: For general instructions in the passive voice, 'one' is the most appropriate subject for the active voice.

 

Question 6. The parents should be obeyed.
Answer: One should obey one's parents. This active voice sentence highlights a universal moral duty for children.
In simple words: Children should listen to and respect their parents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the possessive pronoun matches the subject (e.g., 'one' goes with 'one's').

 

Question 7. T.V. should be watched from a distance.
Answer: One should watch T.V. from a distance. This active voice sentence provides a helpful health tip for viewers.
In simple words: You should sit far away when watching television.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maintain the adverbial phrase 'from a distance' at the end of the active sentence.

 

Question 8. Can this case be heard?
Answer: Can the judge hear this case? This active voice question directly addresses the authority responsible for the legal hearing.
In simple words: Is it possible for the court to listen to this case?

🎯 Exam Tip: For passive questions, keep the question format intact by starting the active sentence with the modal verb 'Can'.

 

Question 9. The plays of Shakespeare can be enjoyed.
Answer: One can enjoy the plays of Shakespeare. This active voice sentence emphasizes the universal accessibility of classic literature.
In simple words: Anyone can have fun reading or watching Shakespeare's plays.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'the plays of Shakespeare' remains the object in the active voice.

 

Question 10. Medicine must be taken regularly at a proper time.
Answer: One must take medicine regularly at a proper time. This active voice sentence serves as a direct medical guideline for patients.
In simple words: You must take your medicine on time every day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the adverbs 'regularly' and 'at a proper time' are placed correctly at the end of the active sentence.

 

Exercise 20

 

Question 1. The dogs of this locality are being caught.
Answer: The authorities are catching the dogs of this locality. This active voice sentence identifies the local municipal workers as the ones performing the action.
In simple words: People are catching the local dogs.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present continuous passive 'are being caught' changes to 'are catching' in the active voice.

 

Question 2. Prizes are being distributed in this school every year.
Answer: The school distributes prizes every year. This active voice sentence describes a regular annual tradition of the institution.
In simple words: The school gives away prizes to students every year.

🎯 Exam Tip: For habitual actions indicated by 'every year', use the simple present tense in the active voice.

 

Question 3. The application will be sent to the principal.
Answer: They will send the application to the principal. This active voice sentence indicates a planned future action by the applicants.
In simple words: Someone will deliver the application to the principal.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future passive 'will be sent' becomes 'will send' in the active voice.

 

Question 4. Can all the students be called for practical examination?
Answer: Can they call all the students for the practical examination? This active voice question asks about the feasibility of the exam schedule.
In simple words: Is it possible to call every student for the practical exam?

🎯 Exam Tip: Retain the interrogative structure by starting with the helping verb 'Can'.

 

Question 5. All your work must be finished before time.
Answer: You must finish all your work before time. This active voice sentence serves as a direct command to complete tasks early.
In simple words: You need to complete your work early.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'you' as the subject when the passive sentence is a direct instruction to someone.

 

Question 6. The animals should not be killed.
Answer: We should not kill the animals. This active voice sentence expresses a strong moral duty to protect wildlife.
In simple words: We must protect animals and not harm them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the negative word 'not' immediately after the modal verb 'should' in the active voice.

 

Question 7. All the prisoners have been released.
Answer: The authorities have released all the prisoners. This active voice sentence clearly states who set the prisoners free.
In simple words: The police or government let all the prisoners go free.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present perfect passive 'have been released' changes to 'have released' in the active voice.

 

Question 8. Was this lesson not taught to you yesterday?
Answer: Did the teacher not teach you this lesson yesterday? This active voice question asks about the previous day's classroom activities.
In simple words: Did you not learn this lesson yesterday?

🎯 Exam Tip: The past simple passive question starting with 'Was' changes to an active question starting with 'Did'.

 

Question 9. All these patients will be given medicine.
Answer: The doctor will give medicine to all these patients. This active voice sentence specifies the medical professional administering the treatment.
In simple words: The doctor is going to give medicine to everyone who is sick.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify a logical subject like 'the doctor' or 'the nurse' when the agent is omitted in medical contexts.

 

Question 10. The invitation of the feast was sent to you.
Answer: They sent the invitation of the feast to you. This active voice sentence confirms that the hosts dispatched the invite.
In simple words: They sent you an invite for the party.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past passive 'was sent' changes to the simple past active verb 'sent'.

 

Question 11. The whole city is being decorated to welcome the primeminister.
Answer: They are decorating the whole city to welcome the prime minister. This active voice sentence describes the ongoing preparations by the citizens.
In simple words: People are putting up decorations all over the city for the prime minister's visit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure 'prime minister' is written as two separate words in standard English, even if combined in the prompt.

 

Question 12. How many lessons had been taught before the start of the examination?
Answer: How many lessons had the teacher taught before the start of the examination? This active voice question inquires about the syllabus completed before the exams.
In simple words: How many chapters did the teacher finish before the exams began?

🎯 Exam Tip: The past perfect passive 'had been taught' changes to 'had taught' in the active voice.

 

Question 13. You will be welcomed with great pomp and show.
Answer: They will welcome you with great pomp and show. This active voice sentence promises a grand reception for the guest.
In simple words: They will give you a very grand and exciting welcome.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future passive 'will be welcomed' becomes 'will welcome' in the active voice.

 

Question 14. The servant will have been sent home before it is evening.
Answer: The master will have sent the servant home before evening. This active voice sentence describes a completed future action by the employer.
In simple words: The servant will be sent home before it gets dark.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future perfect passive 'will have been sent' changes to 'will have sent' in the active voice.

 

Question 15. Your cow has been milked.
Answer: Someone has milked your cow. This active voice sentence indicates that the chore has already been completed by someone.
In simple words: The milk has already been taken from your cow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'someone' as the active subject when the action is completed by an unknown person.

 

Exercise 21

 

Question 1. She is going to leave Kanpur tomorrow at 12.
Answer: She will leave Kanpur tomorrow at 12. This transformation changes the informal 'going to' future plan into a standard simple future tense sentence.
In simple words: She plans to depart from Kanpur tomorrow at noon.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'going to' future construction can be replaced with 'will' to express a future action.

 

Question 2. I am going to reach Delhi tomorrow at 6 p.m.
Answer: I shall reach Delhi tomorrow at 6 p.m. This sentence uses the traditional future tense helper 'shall' for a first-person subject.
In simple words: I will arrive in Delhi tomorrow evening.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'shall' with first-person pronouns ('I' and 'we') for formal future expressions.

 

Question 3. The prime minister is going to America next week.
Answer: The prime minister will go to America next week. This active voice sentence converts a planned present continuous action into a simple future statement.
In simple words: The prime minister is traveling to America next week.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present continuous used for future plans can be rewritten using 'will' + base verb.

 

Question 4. The chief minister is going to take oath tomorrow at 3 pm.
Answer: The chief minister will take oath tomorrow at 3 pm. This sentence expresses an official scheduled event using the simple future tense.
In simple words: The chief minister will officially start their job tomorrow afternoon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the time expression 'tomorrow at 3 pm' remains unchanged at the end of the sentence.

 

Question 5. The parliament session is going to start on 10th February.
Answer: The parliament session will start on 10th February. This simple future construction clearly states the official start date of the session.
In simple words: The parliament meetings will begin on February 10th.

🎯 Exam Tip: Replace 'is going to start' with 'will start' to convert to the simple future tense.

 

Question 6. My father comes back to India in August.
Answer: My father will come back to India in August. This transformation changes a scheduled simple present action into a standard future tense statement.
In simple words: My father is returning to India this August.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple present tense is often used to denote a fixed future schedule or timetable.

 

Question 7. The prime minister is hoisting national flag at 8 o’clock on 15th August.
Answer: The prime minister will hoist the national flag at 8 o’clock on 15th August. This simple future sentence describes a planned ceremonial event on Independence Day.
In simple words: The prime minister will raise the flag on Independence Day morning.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present continuous tense 'is hoisting' is used here to show a planned future event.

 

Question 8. The new film of Amitabh Bachchan is going to be released in November.
Answer: Amitabh Bachchan's new film is going to be released in November. This phrasing sounds much more natural to native English speakers.
In simple words: Instead of saying "the new film of Amitabh Bachchan", it is better to use the possessive form "Amitabh Bachchan's new film". This makes the sentence flow much better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use possessive nouns ('s) for people to make your sentences sound more natural and fluent.

 

Question 9. I am going to celebrate my 20th birthday this month.
Answer: I am going to celebrate my 20th birthday this month. This sentence is already grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "going to" is used to talk about plans we have made for the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "going to" for pre-planned future actions and "will" for sudden decisions made at the moment of speaking.

 

Question 10. We go to Shimla on 7th April by the night train.
Answer: We are going to Shimla on 7th April by the night train. Using the present continuous tense is the standard way to talk about fixed future arrangements.
In simple words: When we talk about a planned trip or event in the future, we should use the present continuous tense ("are going") instead of the simple present tense ("go").

🎯 Exam Tip: For fixed future plans with a specific date or time, always prefer the present continuous tense over the simple present tense.

Exercise 22

 

Question 1. I hear him speaking.
Answer: I hear him speaking. This sentence is grammatically correct and natural.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "hear" is a verb of perception, and it is correctly followed by an -ing participle to show an ongoing action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs of perception like hear, see, and watch can be followed by an -ing form to emphasize that the action was in progress.

 

Question 2. I hear some women weeping
Answer: I hear some women weeping. This sentence is grammatically correct and describes an action that is currently happening.
In simple words: This sentence is correct. It means you can hear the sound of women crying right now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to add a period (full stop) at the end of the sentence if it is missing in the question.

 

Question 3. I have been waiting for your arrival for a long time.
Answer: I have been waiting for your arrival for a long time. This sentence is grammatically correct and uses the present perfect continuous tense properly.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because we use the present perfect continuous tense ("have been waiting") for actions that started in the past and are still continuing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "for" to show a duration of time (like "for a long time") and "since" to show a specific starting point (like "since morning").

 

Question 4. I was thinking that I should build a new house.
Answer: I thought that I should build a new house. Verbs of thinking are state verbs and are generally not used in continuous tenses.
In simple words: Instead of saying "I was thinking", it is better to say "I thought" because thinking about a decision is a state of mind, not a continuous physical action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid using state verbs (like think, believe, know, love) in continuous tenses unless they describe a temporary action.

 

Question 5. This curtain looks bright coloured.
Answer: This curtain looks brightly coloured. We must use an adverb to modify the adjective "coloured".
In simple words: We use the adverb "brightly" instead of the adjective "bright" because it describes how the curtain is coloured.

🎯 Exam Tip: When modifying a participle adjective like "coloured", always use an adverb (ending in -ly) rather than a simple adjective.

 

Question 6. This scent smells pleasant.
Answer: This scent smells pleasant. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because verbs of sensation like "smell" are followed by adjectives (pleasant) rather than adverbs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs of sense (smell, taste, feel, look, sound) take adjectives, not adverbs, to describe the subject.

 

Question 7. The paper seems smooth.
Answer: The paper seems smooth. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "seems" is a linking verb and is followed by an adjective.

🎯 Exam Tip: Linking verbs like seem, appear, and become are always followed by adjectives to describe the subject.

 

Question 8. Do you understand what he is saying ?
Answer: Do you understand what he is saying? This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "understand" is a state verb and is correctly used in the simple present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Never use "understand" in the continuous form (e.g., "Are you understanding") as it is a state of mind.

 

Question 9. This teacher seems polite.
Answer: This teacher seems polite. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "seems" is followed by the adjective "polite" to describe the teacher.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the adjective following a linking verb correctly describes the noun subject.

 

Question 10. Your friend seems knave.
Answer: Your friend seems to be a knave. Alternatively, you can say "Your friend seems knavish" to use an adjective form.
In simple words: "Knave" is a noun, so we must use "to be a knave" or change it to the adjective "knavish" after the verb "seems".

🎯 Exam Tip: A linking verb like "seem" cannot be followed directly by a singular countable noun without an article; use "to be a [noun]" instead.

 

Question 11. Those grapes taste sour.
Answer: Those grapes taste sour. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "taste" is a linking verb and is followed by the adjective "sour".

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not use adverbs like "sourly" with verbs of sensation like "taste" when describing the subject.

 

Question 12. Do you hear the bird sing ?
Answer: Do you hear the bird sing? This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct. We can use either the base verb (sing) or the -ing form (singing) after verbs of perception like "hear".

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the bare infinitive (sing) to show you heard the complete action, or the participle (singing) to show you heard a part of the action in progress.

 

Question 13. Why do you look sad today?
Answer: Why do you look sad today? This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "look" is a linking verb here and is followed by the adjective "sad".

🎯 Exam Tip: When "look" means "appear", it is a linking verb and must be followed by an adjective (sad), not an adverb (sadly).

 

Question 14. I smell something burning in the kitchen.
Answer: I smell something burning in the kitchen. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "smell" is a verb of perception and is followed by the active participle "burning".

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs of perception are often followed by an object + -ing participle to describe an ongoing sensory experience.

 

Question 15. This shirt looks coarse for summer.
Answer: This shirt looks coarse for summer. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "looks" is followed by the adjective "coarse" to describe the texture of the shirt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you understand the difference between "coarse" (rough texture) and "course" (a direction or study path) to avoid spelling errors.

Exercise 23

 

Question 1. Mahadevi Verma has written many poems.
Answer: Mahadevi Verma wrote many poems. Since she is a historical figure who is no longer alive, we use the simple past tense.
In simple words: We use the simple past tense ("wrote") instead of the present perfect tense ("has written") for actions done by people who are no longer living.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past tense for actions of deceased persons, as their life's work cannot be continued in the present.

 

Question 2. I read your letter in the morning.
Answer: I read your letter this morning. This phrasing is more natural when referring to the morning of the current day.
In simple words: While the original sentence is grammatically acceptable, saying "this morning" is much more common and natural in English.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "this morning" instead of "in the morning" when talking about an event that happened earlier on the same day.

 

Question 3. Munesh died in an accident.
Answer: Munesh died in an accident. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because it uses the simple past tense for a completed action in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past tense for sudden, completed events in the past that have no direct connection to the present.

 

Question 4. The doctor has examined your son just now.
Answer: The doctor examined your son just now. We use the simple past tense with the phrase "just now".
In simple words: The phrase "just now" refers to a completed past moment, so we must use the simple past tense ("examined") instead of the present perfect ("has examined").

🎯 Exam Tip: Always pair "just now" with the simple past tense, whereas "just" (without "now") is paired with the present perfect tense.

 

Question 5. He met me recently.
Answer: He met me recently. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because "recently" can be used with the simple past tense to show a recent action.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Recently" can be used with both the simple past and the present perfect tenses depending on the context.

 

Question 6. He examined all the answer books last evening.
Answer: He examined all the answer books last evening. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct because we use the simple past tense ("examined") with specific past time markers like "last evening".

🎯 Exam Tip: Never use the present perfect tense (e.g., "has examined") when a specific past time marker like "last evening" or "yesterday" is present.

 

Question 7. He met me some time before.
Answer: He met me some time ago. We use "ago" to measure back from the present moment.
In simple words: We use "ago" instead of "before" when counting back from the present moment to a point in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "ago" for time measured back from the present, and "before" for time measured back from a past point.

 

Question 8. I have had my lunch at 1 p.m. Now I shall have dinner.
Answer: I had my lunch at 1 p.m. Now I shall have dinner. We do not use the present perfect tense when a specific past time is mentioned.
In simple words: We do not use the present perfect tense ("have had") when a specific past time ("at 1 p.m.") is mentioned. Instead, we use the simple past tense ("had").

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific time indicators (like "at 1 p.m.") require the simple past tense, not the present perfect tense.

 

Question 9. I studied in this school for two years.
Answer: I studied in this school for two years. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct if the speaker no longer studies in that school. It shows a completed state in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past tense with "for" to describe a duration of time that is completely over and has no connection to the present.

 

Question 10. I have studied in this school for two years.
Answer: I have studied in this school for two years. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct if the speaker still studies in this school or has a connection to it in the present.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present perfect tense with "for" to describe an action that started in the past and continues into the present.

 

Question 11. I am hearing some people singing.
Answer: I hear some people singing. The verb "hear" is a verb of perception and is not used in the continuous form.
In simple words: The verb "hear" is a verb of perception and is not used in the continuous form ("am hearing") in standard English.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs of perception (hear, see, smell, taste) are state verbs and should be used in the simple present tense instead of the continuous tense.

 

Question 12. I am feeling pleasant smell from your clothes.
Answer: I can smell a pleasant scent from your clothes. Alternatively, you can say "I smell a pleasant fragrance from your clothes."
In simple words: We do not use "feeling" for smells. Instead, we use the verb "smell" directly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid using "feeling" to describe smells; use the verb "smell" or "can smell" for a more natural expression.

 

Question 13. My father lived in America for ten years.
Answer: My father lived in America for ten years. This sentence is grammatically correct.
In simple words: This sentence is correct and means that the father's stay in America is now over.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past tense with "for" indicates a completed period of time in the past that does not continue now.

 

Question 14. Have you taken your dinner?
Answer: Have you had your dinner? Alternatively, you can say "Have you eaten your dinner?"
In simple words: While "taken" is commonly used in Indian English, "had" or "eaten" is more standard and natural when talking about meals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "have" or "eat" instead of "take" when referring to meals like breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

 

Question 15. He is feeling good now.
Answer: He feels good now. Alternatively, "He is feeling well now" is also acceptable in modern English.
In simple words: While "is feeling" is common in casual speech, "feels" or "is feeling well" is grammatically preferred.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "feel" in the simple present tense to describe a state of health or emotion for a more formal tone.

Exercise 24

 

Question 1. He is clever in telling lies.
Answer: He is clever at telling lies. We use the preposition "at" after the adjective "clever" when talking about skills or abilities.
In simple words: We use the preposition "at" after the adjective "clever" when talking about skills or abilities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the preposition "at" (not "in") after adjectives like clever, good, bad, or quick when describing a skill.

 

Question 2. After reading novel he went to the market.
Answer: After reading the novel, he went to the market. We must use the definite article "the" before the singular noun "novel" to specify which book was read.
In simple words: We must use the definite article "the" before the singular noun "novel" to specify which book was read.

🎯 Exam Tip: Singular countable nouns like "novel" must always be preceded by an article (a, an, the) or a determiner.

Question 3. Sleeping is also necessary for man.
Answer: Gerund: Sleeping (used as the subject of the verb 'is'). A gerund functions as a noun in a sentence while retaining verb-like characteristics.
In simple words: The word "sleeping" acts like a noun here because it is the main topic of the sentence. It is called a gerund because it is an -ing verb doing a noun's job.

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify a gerund, look for an '-ing' word that acts as the subject or object in a sentence.

 

Question 4. Swimming is taught in our school.
Answer: Gerund: Swimming (used as the subject of the passive verb phrase 'is taught'). Learning swimming is a great life skill for students.
In simple words: "Swimming" is the name of an activity and acts as the subject of the sentence. Since it ends in -ing and acts as a noun, it is a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: When an '-ing' word is the very first word and acts as the subject of the sentence, it is almost always a gerund.

 

Question 5. He is tired of working.
Answer: Gerund: working (used as the object of the preposition 'of'). Prepositions are almost always followed by a gerund rather than an infinitive.
In simple words: The word "working" comes after the preposition "of" and acts as a noun. This makes it a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: Any verb form that immediately follows a preposition like 'of', 'in', 'for', or 'about' must be a gerund ending in '-ing'.

 

Question 6. Your son will be stopped from watching the film.
Answer: Gerund: watching (used as the object of the preposition 'from'). This structure helps to show prevention or restriction of an action.
In simple words: "Watching" is a gerund because it follows the preposition "from" and acts as a noun representing the action of viewing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that verbs of prevention like 'stop', 'prevent', and 'prohibit' are followed by 'from' + gerund.

 

Question 7. He is fond of playing hockey.
Answer: Gerund: playing (used as the object of the preposition 'of'). Playing sports regularly keeps a person healthy and active.
In simple words: The word "playing" is a gerund because it acts as the object of the preposition "of" to show what he likes.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'fond of' is always followed by a gerund (verb + ing) to express a liking for an activity.

 

Question 8. Sleeping in the daytime is harmful.
Answer: Gerund: Sleeping (used as the subject of the verb 'is'). Proper sleep hygiene is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
In simple words: "Sleeping" is the subject of this sentence, acting as a noun. Therefore, it is a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse gerunds with continuous verbs; if there is no helping verb like 'is/am/are' right before the '-ing' word to show an ongoing action, it is likely a gerund or participle.

 

Question 9. He is very fond of having tea.
Answer: Gerund: having (used as the object of the preposition 'of'). Drinking tea is a common daily habit in many cultures.
In simple words: "Having" is a gerund here because it is an -ing word acting as a noun after the preposition "of".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify the preposition first; the noun-equivalent word that follows it is the gerund.

 

Question 10. Boasting of one self is bad.
Answer: Gerund: Boasting (used as the subject of the verb 'is'). Humility is generally considered a much better trait than self-praise.
In simple words: "Boasting" means talking too proudly about oneself. Here, it acts as the subject of the sentence, so it is a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a sentence starts with an action as a general statement, use the gerund form as the subject.

 

Question 11. The Sikhs hate smoking.
Answer: Gerund: smoking (used as the direct object of the transitive verb 'hate'). Avoiding smoking is highly beneficial for long-term respiratory health.
In simple words: "Smoking" is the direct object of the action "hate". Since it acts as a noun, it is a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs expressing likes or dislikes (such as 'love', 'like', 'hate', 'dislike') are frequently followed by a gerund.

 

Question 12. Asking question is easier than solving it.
Answer: Gerunds: Asking (subject of the verb 'is') and solving (object of the preposition/conjunction 'than'). Asking questions helps clarify doubts and enhances learning.
In simple words: Both "Asking" and "solving" are actions acting as nouns in this comparison, making them both gerunds.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing two actions using 'than' or 'as', ensure both actions are in the same parallel form (usually both gerunds).

 

Question 13. Lata’s singing pleased all.
Answer: Gerund: singing (used as a noun, modified by the possessive noun 'Lata’s'). A possessive noun or pronoun is typically used before a gerund.
In simple words: "Singing" is the noun representing Lata's performance. Because it is an -ing word acting as a noun, it is a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use a possessive case (like 'Lata's', 'my', 'your', 'his') before a gerund instead of an objective case.

 

Question 14. Your habit of wasting time is not good.
Answer: Gerund: wasting (used as the object of the preposition 'of'). Time management is a crucial skill for academic success.
In simple words: "Wasting" is a gerund because it acts as a noun following the preposition "of".

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the preposition 'of' to easily locate the gerund 'wasting' that follows it.

 

Question 15. It is of no use weeping now.
Answer: Gerund: weeping (used as the real subject of the sentence, with 'it' acting as an introductory pronoun). It is better to focus on finding solutions rather than crying over past mistakes.
In simple words: "Weeping" is the action being discussed as useless. It acts as a noun here, so it is a gerund.

🎯 Exam Tip: Idiomatic phrases like 'it is of no use' or 'it is no use' are always followed by a gerund.

 

Exercise 25

 

Question 1. Some people worship the rising sun.
Answer: Participle: rising (Present Participle, qualifying the noun 'sun'). It acts as an adjective describing the state of the sun.
In simple words: "Rising" describes the noun "sun". Since it is a verb form acting as an adjective, it is a participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: A participle acts like an adjective to describe a noun, whereas a gerund acts like a noun.

 

Question 2. I saw trees loaded with fruits.
Answer: Participle: loaded (Past Participle, qualifying the noun 'trees'). This describes the completed state of the trees being full of fruit.
In simple words: "Loaded" describes the "trees". Because it is a third form of the verb (V3) acting as an adjective, it is a past participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Past participles usually end in '-ed', '-d', '-t', '-en', or '-n' and describe a completed state or action.

 

Question 3. Having retired he started his business.
Answer: Participle: Having retired (Perfect Participle, qualifying the pronoun 'he'). This indicates that one action was fully completed before the next action began.
In simple words: "Having retired" shows that he finished his job first, and then started his business. This combined form is a perfect participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: A perfect participle is formed using 'having' + past participle (V3) and shows an action that happened before another action.

 

Question 4. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Answer: Participle: rolling (Present Participle, qualifying the noun 'stone'). This classic proverb suggests that a person who keeps moving avoids responsibilities.
In simple words: "Rolling" describes the noun "stone". Since it is an -ing verb form acting as an adjective, it is a present participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present particioles end in '-ing' and describe an ongoing action or state of the noun they modify.

 

Question 5. Entering the room I found the grandfather dead.
Answer: Participle: Entering (Present Participle, qualifying the pronoun 'I'). This participle clause shows two actions happening almost simultaneously.
In simple words: "Entering" describes the action of the person "I" while going into the room. It acts as an adjective-like modifier, so it is a participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a participle clause starts a sentence, its implied subject must match the subject of the main clause.

 

Question 6. A hungry fox saw some bunches of grapes hanging from a vine.
Answer: Participle: hanging (Present Participle, qualifying the noun 'grapes'). This describes the continuous state of the grapes on the vine.
In simple words: "Hanging" describes the "grapes". Since it is an -ing verb form describing a noun, it is a present participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the noun being described; here, 'hanging' directly describes the position of the 'grapes'.

 

Question 7. Hearing the noise all the neighbors awoke.
Answer: Participle: Hearing (Present Participle, qualifying the noun 'neighbors'). The sudden sound caused everyone to wake up immediately.
In simple words: "Hearing" describes what the "neighbors" did just before waking up. It is a present participle modifying the subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Participles can be used to combine two sentences where one action immediately follows another.

 

Question 8. Turning to the right you will reach the temple.
Answer: Participle: Turning (Present Participle, qualifying the pronoun 'you'). Following directions carefully ensures you reach your destination safely.
In simple words: "Turning" describes the action of "you" while finding the way. It is a present participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the participle 'Turning' correctly refers to the subject 'you' to avoid a dangling modifier.

 

Question 9. I heard her crying bitterly.
Answer: Participle: crying (Present Participle, qualifying the pronoun 'her'). Verbs of perception like 'hear', 'see', and 'watch' are often followed by a participle.
In simple words: "Crying" describes the state of "her" when I heard her. Since it describes a pronoun, it is a participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: After verbs of perception, use a present participle to emphasize an ongoing action, or a bare infinitive for a completed action.

 

Question 10. You cannot forget a well learnt lesson.
Answer: Participle: learnt (Past Participle, qualifying the noun 'lesson'). A lesson that is thoroughly understood stays with a person forever.
In simple words: "Learnt" describes the noun "lesson". Since it is a third form of the verb acting as an adjective, it is a past participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Past participles are often paired with adverbs (like 'well') to form compound adjectives modifying a noun.

 

Question 11. Tired players sat down to rest.
Answer: Participle: Tired (Past Participle, qualifying the noun 'players'). Resting after intense physical activity helps the body recover quickly.
In simple words: "Tired" describes the state of the "players". Since it is a verb form acting as an adjective, it is a past participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a past participle is placed directly before a noun, it functions as an attributive adjective.

 

Question 12. You should have a balanced diet.
Answer: Participle: balanced (Past Participle, qualifying the noun 'diet'). Eating a variety of nutritious foods is key to good health.
In simple words: "Balanced" describes the noun "diet". It is a past participle acting as an adjective.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words like 'balanced', 'frozen', and 'written' are common past participles used as regular adjectives.

 

Question 13. Having finished their work all the clerks went to their homes.
Answer: Participle: Having finished (Perfect Participle, qualifying the noun 'clerks'). This structure emphasizes that the work was completely done before they left.
In simple words: "Having finished" shows that the clerks completed their work first, and then went home. This is a perfect participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use a perfect participle to clearly show that one action was completed before another action in the past began.

 

Question 14. Having thanked the people the leader finished his speech.
Answer: Participle: Having thanked (Perfect Participle, qualifying the noun 'leader'). Expressing gratitude is an important part of public speaking.
In simple words: "Having thanked" shows that the leader first thanked the audience and then ended his speech. This is a perfect participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Perfect participles are excellent for combining sentences to show a clear sequence of events.

 

Question 15. Having buried the dead body all the people went to their homes.
Answer: Participle: Having buried (Perfect Participle, qualifying the noun 'people'). Performing final rites is a solemn duty in many cultures.
In simple words: "Having buried" indicates that the burial was completed before the people returned home. This is a perfect participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always place a comma after the introductory participle phrase to separate it from the main clause.

 

Exercise 26

 

Question 1. I shall get my house built in Vasundhra.
Answer: Causative Structure: 'get' + object (my house) + past participle (built). This indicates that the speaker will arrange for someone else to construct the house rather than doing it themselves.
In simple words: This sentence means "I will have someone else build my house for me." The word "get" is used to show that we are paying or asking someone to do a job.

🎯 Exam Tip: The causative structure 'get + object + V3' is used when we arrange for someone else to do a task for us.

 

Question 2. Did you get your hair trimmed ?
Answer: Causative Structure: 'get' + object (your hair) + past participle (trimmed). This is a question asking if a professional cut the person's hair.
In simple words: This asks, "Did someone else cut your hair for you?" We use "get" because we usually don't cut our own hair.

🎯 Exam Tip: In causative questions, the auxiliary verb (like 'did') comes first, followed by the subject, then 'get', the object, and finally the past participle (V3).

 

Question 3. She gets tea prepared by her husband.
Answer: Causative Structure: 'gets' + object (tea) + past participle (prepared) + agent (by her husband). This shows that she makes or convinces her husband to make tea.
In simple words: This means she makes her husband prepare tea for her. The phrase "by her husband" tells us exactly who did the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: To mention the person who actually performs the action in a causative sentence, use 'by' followed by the agent at the end.

 

Question 4. By whom do you get your clothes ironed ?
Answer: Causative Structure: 'get' + object (your clothes) + past participle (ironed). This question inquires about the person who performs the ironing service.
In simple words: This asks, "Who irons your clothes for you?" It uses the causative "get" because someone else does the work.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asking about the agent in a causative sentence, start the question with 'By whom'.

 

Question 5. I have my car washed by the driver.
Answer: Causative Structure: 'have' + object (my car) + past participle (washed) + agent (by the driver). Having a clean car is important for proper vehicle maintenance.
In simple words: This means "I make the driver wash my car." Using "have" shows that the speaker gave the responsibility of washing the car to the driver.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'have' and 'get' can be used in causative structures, but 'have' often sounds slightly more formal or authoritative.

 

Question 6. Why do you have your floor swept by your son ?
Answer: Causative Structure: 'have' + object (your floor) + past participle (swept) + agent (by your son). This question asks for the reason behind assigning this chore to the son.
In simple words: This asks, "Why do you make your son sweep the floor?" The causative "have" shows that the parent is giving the chore to the son.

🎯 Exam Tip: In causative questions starting with 'Why', follow the order: Why + do/does/did + subject + have + object + V3.

 

Question 7. I did not get my watch mended.
Answer: Causative Structure: 'get' + object (my watch) + past participle (mended). This negative sentence indicates that the speaker did not take their watch to a repairer.
In simple words: This means "I did not have anyone repair my watch." The word "mended" means repaired or fixed.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative causative sentences in the past tense, use 'did not get' followed by the object and the past participle.

 

Question 8. I shall have my homework done by my elder sister.
Answer: Causative Structure: 'have' + object (my homework) + past participle (done) + agent (by my elder sister). It is always best to complete one's own school assignments to learn effectively.
In simple words: This means "I will get my older sister to do my homework for me." The causative "have" shows that someone else will do the task.

🎯 Exam Tip: In future causative sentences, use 'will/shall have' or 'will/shall get' followed by the object and V3.

 

Question 9. I myself mop the floor.
Answer: Non-Causative Structure: This sentence uses the emphatic pronoun 'myself' to emphasize that the subject performs the action directly, without any causative arrangement.
In simple words: This means "I clean the floor on my own, without anyone's help." It is not causative because no one else is being asked to do the work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse emphatic pronouns (like 'myself') with causative structures; here, the subject is directly doing the action.

Question 10. I shall have the cobwebs of my room cleaned by him.
Answer: मैं उससे अपने कमरे के जाले साफ करवाऊँगा।
In simple words: This sentence uses a causative passive structure to show that the speaker will get someone else to clean the room.

🎯 Exam Tip: In causative sentences, 'have + object + past participle (V3)' is translated into Hindi as getting a task done by someone else (प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया).

 

Exercise 27

 

Question 1. Why will he have the scrap dealer called?
Answer: वह कबाड़ी को क्यों बुलवाएगा?
In simple words: This is a future tense question asking about getting someone else (the scrap dealer) to be called.

🎯 Exam Tip: For interrogative causative sentences starting with 'Why', begin the Hindi translation with 'क्यों' placed appropriately before the verb.

 

Question 2. I shall make her cook tasty food.
Answer: मैं उससे स्वादिष्ट भोजन पकवाऊँगा।
In simple words: 'Make someone do something' means causing or forcing them to do an action, translated using causative verbs in Hindi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'make' when you cause someone to do an action directly, and translate it using the causative form of the verb (जैसे: पकाना से पकवाना).

 

Question 3. He is making Panditji worship.
Answer: वह पंडितजी से पूजा करवा रहा है।
In simple words: This sentence is in the present continuous tense, showing an ongoing action of causing someone to worship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the continuous tense ('is making') is reflected in Hindi as 'करवा रहा है' to maintain grammatical consistency.

 

Question 4. Mother is making her elder daughter knit the sweater.
Answer: माताजी अपनी बड़ी बेटी से स्वेटर बुनवा रही हैं।
In simple words: The mother is causing her daughter to do the knitting, which is expressed using a causative verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to gender and respect markers in Hindi; 'माताजी' takes the respectful plural verb form 'रही हैं'.

 

Question 5. The passengers were making the driver drive the bus fast.
Answer: यात्री ड्राइवर से बस तेज चलवा रहे थे।
In simple words: This past continuous sentence describes passengers forcing the driver to drive quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate past continuous causative structures ('were making') using 'रहे थे' in Hindi.

 

Question 6. The director was making the artist run fast.
Answer: निर्देशक कलाकार को तेज दौड़वा रहा था।
In simple words: The director was causing the artist to run quickly during a past action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the subject-object relationship clear when translating causative actions involving professional roles like director and artist.

 

Question 7. The magician was making the spectators wonder.
Answer: जादूगर दर्शकों को चकित कर रहा था।
In simple words: The magician was causing the audience to feel amazed or surprised.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Make wonder' can be translated as 'चकित करना' or 'हैरान करना' to sound natural in Hindi.

 

Question 8. Why does he make me sad?
Answer: वह मुझे दुखी क्यों करता है?
In simple words: This is a simple present question asking why someone causes the speaker to feel unhappy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple present questions with 'does' must end with 'ता है / ती है' in Hindi translation.

 

Question 9. I shall get you scolded by my father.
Answer: मैं तुम्हें अपने पिताजी से डाँट खिलवाऊँगा।
In simple words: The speaker will arrange for their father to scold the listener in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Get someone scolded' is a passive causative structure, best translated in Hindi as 'डाँट खिलवाना' or 'डाँट पड़वाना'.

 

Question 10. Where did the captain make the soldiers run?
Answer: कप्तान ने सैनिकों को कहाँ दौड़वाया?
In simple words: This is a past tense question asking about the location where the captain ordered the soldiers to run.

🎯 Exam Tip: For past simple questions ('did make'), use the past tense form of the causative verb ('दौड़वाया') in Hindi.

 

Exercise 28

 

Question 1. I worked hard so that I might pass.
Answer: मैंने कठिन परिश्रम किया ताकि मैं पास हो सकूँ।
In simple words: The speaker studied or worked hard with the goal of passing their exams.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate 'so that... might' as 'ताकि... सकूँ/सके' to express purpose in Hindi.

 

Question 2. The landlord found that the thieves had run away with his costly goods.
Answer: जमींदार ने पाया कि चोर उसका कीमती सामान लेकर भाग गए थे।
In simple words: The owner of the property discovered that thieves had stolen his expensive items and escaped.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use past perfect tense ('भाग गए थे') for the action that happened before the discovery ('found').

 

Question 3. An old man told his sons that unity is strength.
Answer: एक बूढ़े आदमी ने अपने बेटों को बताया कि एकता में ही शक्ति है।
In simple words: An elderly father shared a wise lesson with his sons, explaining that staying together makes them strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Universal truths or proverbs like 'unity is strength' remain in the present tense ('है') even when the reporting verb is in the past tense ('told').

 

Question 4. He loved Sonia more than his daughters.
Answer: वह अपनी बेटियों की तुलना में सोनिया को अधिक प्यार करता था।
In simple words: He had a stronger affection for Sonia than he did for his own daughters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate comparison structures ('more than') using 'की तुलना में' or 'से अधिक' in Hindi.

 

Question 5. All people know that the dogs bark at night.
Answer: सभी लोग जानते हैं कि कुत्ते रात में भौंकते हैं।
In simple words: Everyone is aware of the common fact that dogs make noise by barking during the night.

🎯 Exam Tip: Habitual actions like 'dogs bark' are translated in the simple present tense ('भौंकते हैं') in Hindi.

 

Question 6. I met that player who plays badminton well.
Answer: मैं उस खिलाड़ी से मिला जो बैडमिंटन अच्छा खेलता है।
In simple words: The speaker met an athlete who is very good at playing badminton.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relative pronouns like 'who' referring to a person are translated as 'जो' in Hindi adjective clauses.

 

Question 7. Your brother failed because he was very weak in mathematics.
Answer: तुम्हारा भाई अनुत्तीर्ण हो गया क्योंकि वह गणित में बहुत कमजोर था।
In simple words: The brother did not pass his exams because math was a very difficult subject for him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate 'failed' as 'अनुत्तीर्ण हो गया' or 'असफल रहा' for formal writing, and connect clauses using 'क्योंकि'.

 

Question 8. Yesterday I met a gentleman who deals in shoes.
Answer: कल मैं एक ऐसे सज्जन से मिला जो जूतों का व्यापार करते हैं।
In simple words: Yesterday, the speaker met a polite man whose business is selling shoes.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Deals in' means to do business in a particular commodity, which translates to 'व्यापार करना' or 'कारोबार करना'.

 

Question 9. I went to the city where he lives now.
Answer: मैं उस शहर में गया जहाँ वह अब रहता है।
In simple words: The speaker visited the specific town or city where this person currently resides.

🎯 Exam Tip: The relative adverb of place 'where' is translated as 'जहाँ' when connecting clauses in Hindi.

 

Question 10. He cries as if he is hurt.
Answer: वह ऐसे रोता है मानो उसे चोट लगी हो।
In simple words: He is crying in a way that makes it look like he has been injured.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate 'as if' as 'मानो' or 'जैसे कि', which usually takes a subjunctive or conditional tone in Hindi ('लगी हो').

 

Question 11. There flowed a river where there are fields now.
Answer: वहाँ एक नदी बहती थी जहाँ अब खेत हैं।
In simple words: In the past, a river used to run through the exact spot where agricultural fields exist today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast past existence ('flowed') with present state ('are fields now') clearly using 'बहती थी' and 'अब खेत हैं'.

 

Question 12. Ram loved me more than he loves his brother.
Answer: राम मुझे अपने भाई से ज्यादा प्यार करता था।
In simple words: Ram's affection for the speaker in the past was greater than the love he currently has for his brother.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the shift in tenses ('loved' vs 'loves') when translating comparative clauses.

 

Question 13. My class teacher told the principal that I always speak the truth.
Answer: मेरे कक्षा अध्यापक ने प्रधानाचार्य को बताया कि मैं हमेशा सच बोलता हूँ।
In simple words: The teacher informed the principal that the speaker is an honest person who never lies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Habitual truths in indirect speech ('always speak the truth') remain in the present tense in Hindi ('बोलता हूँ').

 

Question 14. The passengers said that they would not pay more than actual fare.
Answer: यात्रियों ने कहा कि वे वास्तविक किराए से अधिक नहीं देंगे।
In simple words: The people traveling refused to pay any money beyond the official ticket price.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate 'would not pay' in indirect speech as future negative 'नहीं देंगे' in Hindi.

 

Question 15. My mother will say that I should work hard.
Answer: मेरी माँ कहेगी कि मुझे कठिन परिश्रम करना चाहिए।
In simple words: The speaker's mother is going to advise them to put in a lot of effort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Translate 'should' as 'चाहिए' to express advice or obligation in Hindi noun clauses.