UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Chapter 7 The Passing of Arthur

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About the Poet

Alfred Lord Tennyson was born at Somersby in 1809. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a reputed representative poet of the Victorian age. He was a poet Laureate from 1850 until his death in 1892.

About the Poem

This poem is an extract from Alfred Lord Tennyson’s longer poem Morte D’Arthur. The poet describes that the wounded king Arthur is going with his three queens on his mysterious journey. He advises his faithful knight Bedivere to have consolation and to pray to God for the peace of his soul. He also tells him about the power and miracles of the prayer.

Central Idea

[2013, 17, 18] The poet Tennyson tells us that the old social orders change and new ones take their place. Any good system, if it lingers too long, loses its utility and brings

Explanations (With Meanings & Hindi Translation)

 

(1)
And slowly answer’d Arthur from the barge :
“The old order changeth, yielding place to new,
And God fulfils Himself in many ways,
Lest one good custom should corrupt the world.

Word-meanings:
barge = एक प्रकार की हल्की नाव a light boat; order = प्रणाली system; changeth = बदल जाता है changes; yielding = देते हुए giving; fulfills Himself = अपनी इच्छा प्रकट करता है expresses His will; lest = कहीं ऐसा न हो कि; corrupt = खराब करना, बिगाड़ना spoil.

(जब राजा आर्थर मरने वाला था तब उसने अपने एक सरदार जो अकेला ही व्यक्ति था जो लड़ाई में बच गया था, को सान्त्वना दी। राजा ने अपनी नाव में से धीमे स्वर में कहा, “पुरानी प्रणाली बदल जाती है और नयी को स्थान देती है। भगवान् अपनी इच्छा को कई प्रकार से पूरा कर लेता है। सभी परिवर्तन भगवान् की इच्छा से होते हैं। परिवर्तन इसलिए आवश्यक है कि कहीं ऐसा न हो कि एक अच्छी परम्परा अधिक समय तक चलकर पूरे संसार को ही बिगाड़ दे।”)

Reference: This stanza has been taken from the poem The Passing of Arthur composed by Alfred Lord Tennyson.

N.B.: The above reference will be used for all the explanations of this poem.

Context: The wounded King Arthur is going on his mysterious journey. He bids goodbye to his favourite knight Bedivere. He is very weak, so he speaks in a very low voice. He consoles him saying that he should not be sad on the ending of the age of chivalry.

Explanation: In this opening stanza the king Arthur speaks to Bedivere in a low voice, “Change is the law of nature. One thing does not remain the same at all times. The old systems change and new systems take their place. God also changes His ways in fulfilling His purposes. Even a good system may be harmful in the long run if a change is not brought in it in due course. One good system if it continues for a long time, may spoil the whole world.”

(इस प्रथम पद्यांश में राजा आर्थर, बेडीवर से धीमी आवाज में बोलता है, “परिवर्तन प्रकृति का नियम है। एक वस्तु प्रत्येक समय समान नहीं रहती। पुरानी व्यवस्थाएँ बदल जाती हैं और नई व्यवस्थाएँ उनका स्थान ले लेती हैं। भगवान् भी अपने कार्यों को पूरा कराने के लिए अपने ढंग को बदल लेता है। आगे चलकर एक अच्छी व्यवस्था भी हानिकारक हो सकती है,

🎯 Exam Tip: Always divide your explanation clearly into Reference, Context, and Explanation. Highlighting key phrases like "Change is the law of nature" helps in securing maximum marks.

यदि समय रहते उसमें परिवर्तन न लाया जाए। यदि एक अच्छी व्यवस्था को काफी समय तक चलने दिया जाए तब यह पूरे संसार को खराब कर सकती है।”)

Comments: The 'old order' here means the age of chivalry and the institution of knighthood that flourished during the Dark Age and the Middle Ages.

 

(2) Comfort thyself: what comfort is in me? I have lived my life, and that which I have done. May He within Himself make pure! but thou, If thou shouldst never see my face again, Pray for my soul. More things are wrought by prayer Than this world dreams of. Wherefore, let thy voice Rise like a fountain for me night and day. [2011, 13, 15]

 

Word-Meanings:
comfort = सान्त्वना (consolation);
wrought = किए जाते हैं (are done);
dreams of = सोचती है (thinks of);
wherefore = इसलिए (therefore).

 

(राजा आर्थर, बेडीवर को समझाता है कि जिस प्रकार मैंने स्वयं को सान्त्वना दी है उसी प्रकार तुम भी स्वयं को सान्त्वना देना। मुझे तो अपने जीवन में जो कुछ करना था कर लिया और मैं भगवान् से प्रार्थना करता हूँ कि जो कुछ मैंने किया है भगवान् उसे अपनी शक्ति से दोषमुक्त कर दे। राजा पुनः कहता है कि यदि मैं जीवित न रह सकूँ और तुम मुझे न देख सको तब तुम मेरी आत्मा की शान्ति के लिए प्रार्थना करना। बहुत-से कार्य प्रार्थना के द्वारा सम्भव हो जाते हैं। प्रार्थना में इतनी शक्ति है कि सांसारिक मनुष्य उसकी कल्पना भी नहीं कर सकता। इसलिए राजा अपने शूरवीर को उपदेश देता है कि वह दिन-रात उसकी आत्मा की शान्ति के लिए प्रार्थना करता रहे जिस प्रकार से एक फव्वारा लगातार ऊपर की ओर चलता है।)

 

Context: King Arthur was fatally wounded in a battle. He asked his knight, Sir Bedivere to put him in the boat. When the boat began to sail, Sir Bedivere was sad. King Arthur is consoling the knight.

 

Explanation: King Arthur asks the knight to feel comfortable from his side as his life is almost over. He has performed duties of his life. He hopes and prays that God may accept his work by purifying it of all its unworthiness. Then he asks the knight to pray for the peace of his soul if he does not find him alive in the world. King Arthur points out that more things are done by prayer than people think of. Sometimes prayers do wonders and unimaginable things. Therefore, King Arthur asks his knight to pray for him day and night. But the prayer should be spontaneous like a fountain that flows on continuously.

 

(राजा आर्थर अपने शूरवीर को कहता है कि मेरी ओर से स्वयं को सान्त्वना दो क्योंकि मेरा जीवन लगभग समाप्त हो गया है। मैं अपने जीवन के कर्तव्यों का निर्वाह कर चुका हूँ। मैं आशा करता हूँ और भगवान् से प्रार्थना करता हूँ कि भगवान् मेरे कार्यों को दोषमुक्त करके उन्हें स्वीकार करें। फिर वह उस शूरवीर से कहता है कि यदि तुम मुझे संसार में जीवित न पाओ तब भगवान् से मेरी आत्मा की शान्ति के लिए प्रार्थना करना। राजा आर्थर बताता है कि मनुष्यों के सोचने की अपेक्षा बहुत से कार्य प्रार्थना से कर लिये जाते हैं। कभी-कभी प्रार्थना से आश्चर्यजनक और अकल्पनीय कार्य भी हो जाते हैं। अतः राजा आर्थर अपने शूरवीर से कहता है कि दिन-रात मेरे लिए प्रार्थना करना, किन्तु प्रार्थना लगातार चलने वाले फव्वारे के समान सतत् होनी चाहिए।)

 

(3) For what are men better than sheep or goats That nourish a blind life within the brain, If, knowing God, they lift not hands of prayer Both for themselves and those who call them

Word Meanings:

  • nourish: Jifaa rad & keep alive
  • a blind life within the brain: आध्यात्मिकता से-रहित जीवन जो पशुओं के समान दूसरों पर आश्रित रहे (the life without any spiritual knowledge and not independent in his thinking)
  • for so: FAYOR in this way
  • bound: बँधी हुई (tied)

Hindi Translation of the Stanza:
(राजा अपने वफादार सरदार को समझाते हैं कि जिन मनुष्यों के पास आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान नहीं है और जो दूसरों पर निर्भर रहते हैं, वे पशुओं के समान हैं। जो व्यक्ति भगवान् को जानते हुए भी अपने लिए तथा अपने मित्रों के लिए उससे प्रार्थना नहीं करते वे भी पशु के समान हैं। यह पूरी संसार प्रेम के बन्धन में भगवान् से बँधा हुआ है। इसलिए भगवान् की प्रार्थना अत्यन्त आवश्यक एवं प्रभावकारी है।)

 

Question. Explain the following stanza with reference to the context:
"...friend ? For so the whole round earth is in every way Bound by gold chains about the feet of God, But now farewell." [2013, 18]
Answer:
Context: The wounded King Arthur is going on his mysterious journey. He bids goodbye to his favourite knight Bedivere. He requests him to pray for the peace of his soul. He tells him the power of prayer that even the impossible works become possible by prayer.

Explanation: In this stanza the poet tells us the power of prayer and distinction between men and animals. The animals do not have brain. They can’t use their reasoning power. They have no knowledge of God. But man knows what God is. So he should pray to God for himself and for his friends. So the people who do not pray to God are just like animals. Prayer is what we say due to affection. It is affection that binds us with God. So prayer is very necessary and effective. This beautiful connection highlights how humanity is spiritually linked to the divine.
In simple words: King Arthur explains that prayer is what separates humans from animals. It is a powerful force of love and devotion that connects the entire earth directly to God.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a stanza, always clearly divide your answer into 'Context' and 'Explanation' to secure full marks.

Hindi Translation of the Explanation:
(इस पद्यांश में कवि प्रार्थना की शक्ति तथा मनुष्य और पशुओं में भेद के विषय में बताता है। पशुओं में मस्तिष्क नहीं होता। वे अपनी तर्क शक्ति का भी प्रयोग नहीं कर सकते। उन्हें भगवान् का भी कोई ज्ञान नहीं होता, किन्तु मनुष्य जानता है कि भगवान् क्या है। इसलिए उसे अपने लिए और अपने मित्रों के लिए भगवान् से प्रार्थना करनी चाहिए। इसलिए जो व्यक्ति भगवान् से प्रार्थना नहीं करते वे पशुओं के समान होते हैं। प्रार्थना वही होती है जो हम प्रेम के कारण करते हैं। यह वह प्रेम है जो हमें भगवान् के बन्धन में बाँधता है। इसलिए प्रार्थना अत्यन्त आवश्यक और प्रभावकारी होती है।)

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