UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Chapter 4 An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

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About the Poet

Thomas Gray was born in London in 1716. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He worked as a professor of History at Cambridge. He was one of the most learned men of his time. He remained bachelor and died in 1771.

About the Poem

This poem is an extract of the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. It is not a personal elegy. It was completed in about eight years. In this poem the poet laments over the lot of simple, ignorant people who are buried in their graves. Nothing can awake them from their eternal sleep. The poet concludes that nothing in life is everlasting. All lead to the one and only one end.

Central Idea

[2010, 15, 18] In this poem the poet Thomas Gray pays his tributes to the simple,

...ignorant and unknown people who are lying buried in their graves. He advises the people not to be proud of their noble birth, wealth, power and beauty. They all die one day. The end of our life’s journey is death which is certain to all.

(इस कविता में कवि थॉमस ग्रे साधारण, अनपढ़ और उन अज्ञात व्यक्तियों को श्रद्धांजलि देता है जो अपनी कब्रों में दफना दिए गए हैं। वह लोगों को शिक्षा देता है कि वे महान् वंश में जन्म लेने पर या अपने धन, शक्ति तथा सुन्दरता पर अभिमान न करें। ये सभी वस्तुएँ एक दिन समाप्त हो जाती हैं। हमारी जीवन-यात्रा का अन्त मृत्यु है जो सभी को निश्चित रूप से आती है।)

Explanations (With Meanings & Hindi Translation)

 

Question 1. Explain the following stanza with reference to the context:
The curfew tolls the knell of the parting day,
The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,
The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way,.
And leaves the world to darkness and to me. [2017]


Word-meanings: curfew = शाम की घण्टी evening bell; tolls = धीरे-धीरे कुछ समय तक घण्टा बजाना rings slowly till sometimes; knell = अन्तिम संस्कार के समय बजने वाली घण्टी की आवाज sound of bell; parting day = दिन का अन्त end of the day; lowing herd = रम्भाते हुए पशुओं का झुण्ड, ground of cattle with sound; lea = चारागाह का रास्ता track of grassland; ploughman = किसान farmer; plods = धीरे-धीरे चलता है walks slowly; weary = थका हुआ tired, homeward = घर की ओर towards home.

Hindi Translation of Stanza:
(लगातार रुक-रुक कर बजने वाली शाम की घण्टी की आवाज दिन की समाप्ति की सूचक है। चारागाह के रास्ते पर पशु रम्भाते हुए धीरे-धीरे लौट रहे हैं। दिनभर के परिश्रम से थका हुआ किसान भी अपने घर की ओर लौट रहा है। कवि सोचता है कि अब पूरे संसार में अँधेरा हो जाएगा और मैं भी इस अँधेरे में अकेला रह जाऊँगा।)

Answer:
Reference: This stanza has been taken from 'An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' composed by Thomas Gray.
[ N.B. : The above reference will be used for all the explanations of this poem. ]
Context: The poet is sitting in a country churchyard. There are men lying buried in their small graves all around the churchyard. The day is going to be ended. The poet is reminded that nothing in life is everlasting. Death comes to all.
Explanation: In this stanza the poet says that the evening bells are ringing and telling the people that the day is to be over and soon there will be darkness everywhere. The wind is blowing very slowly. The cattle are returning home and they are very eager to see their young ones. The farmer is tired of his whole day labour and he is also returning home slowly. So all these things indicate that the day is going to be over and there will be darkness everywhere. The poet will be left alone. The peaceful yet somber atmosphere of the evening sets a reflective tone for the entire poem.

Hindi Translation of Explanation:
(इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि शाम के समय घण्टियाँ बज रही हैं और लोगों को बता रही हैं कि दिन का अन्त होने वाला है और शीघ्र ही सभी स्थानों पर अँधेरा हो जाएगा। हवा बहुत धीमे-धीमे चल रही है। पशु अपने घर वापस लौट रहे हैं और वे अपने बच्चों को देखने के लिए बहुत उत्सुक हैं। किसान पूरे दिन की मेहनत से थक गया है और वह भी धीरे-धीरे लौट रहा है।)
In simple words: The evening bell rings to show the day is ending. Animals and tired farmers are going back home, leaving the poet all alone in the growing darkness of the graveyard.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always write the correct title of the poem and the poet's name in single quotes under the 'Reference' section to secure full marks.

Stanza (2)

Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree’s shade Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap, Each in his narrow cell for ever laid, The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. [2011]

Word-Meanings:
beneath = नीचे (under); rugged = भद्दे (rough); elm = एक प्रकार का जंगली पेड़ (a kind of forest tree); yew = एक प्रकार का सदाबहार पेड़ (an evergreen tree); heaves = उठता है (raises); tuf = सूखी घास (dry grass); mouldering = टूटते हुए, ढहते हुए (breaking up into dust); heap = ढेर (a large number); cell = छोटी कब्र (small grave); laid = दफनाए गए (buried); rude = असभ्य (uncivilized); forefathers = पूर्वज (ancestors); hamlet = छोटा गाँव (small village).

(इस पद्यांश में कवि बताता है कि इस छोटे गाँव के निर्धन असभ्य गाँव वालों के पूर्वज अपनी-अपनी छोटी साधारण कब्रों में सदा के लिए लेटे हुए हैं अर्थात् दफना दिये गये हैं। उनकी कब्रे या तो Elm नामक पेड़ों के नीचे हैं या Yew नामक पेड़ों की छाया में हैं। ये कब्रे सूखी घास के मैदानों में बनी हैं और उनके ऊपर मिट्टी के ढेर हैं जिनकी मिट्टी ढह-ढहकर नीचे गिर रही है।)

Context:
The poet is sitting in a country churchyard in the evening. It will soon become dark and the poet will be left alone there. The poet is reminded that nothing in life is everlasting and death comes to all.

Explanation:
In this stanza the poet thinks about the small graves and the dead bodies buried there. He says that some graves are under the elm trees and some are in the shade of yew trees. There is dry grass everywhere in the grave yard. The graves are like the heaps of earth and they are very narrow. Poor and uncivilized common people of the village are lying buried in these graves and they will never wake up.

(इस पद्यांश में कवि छोटी कब्रों तथा उनमें दफनाए हुए मृतकों के विषय में सोचता है। वह कहता है कि कुछ कब्रे Elm नामक वृक्षों के नीचे हैं और कुछ yew नामक वृक्षों की छाया में। कब्रिस्तान में प्रत्येक स्थान पर खुश्क घास है। कब्रे मिट्टी के ढेर के समान हैं और वे बहुत तंग हैं। गाँव के गरीब और असभ्य साधारण व्यक्ति इन कब्रों में दफना दिए गए हैं और वे कभी नहीं जागेंगे।)

 

Stanza (3)

‘The breezy call of incense-breathing morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, The cock’s shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. [2018]

Word-Meanings:
incense-breathing morn = प्रातःकाल की सुगन्धित वायु (fragrant morning air); breezy = सुखद (pleasant); call = पुकार; swallow = अबाबील नामक पक्षी (a kind of bird); twittering = चहचहाना (chirping); shed = घोंसला (nest); straw bult = घास-फूस के बने हुए; shrill = तीखी (sharp); clarion = जगाने के लिए तेज ऊँची आवाज अर्थात् मुर्गे की बाँग (crowing of the cock); echoing = गुंजन करता हुआ (resounding); born = बिगुल (the horn sounded by the hunters); lowly bed = कब्र (grave).

(इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि प्रातःकाल की सुगन्धित वायु सभी को आकर्षित करती है। घास-फूस से बने घोंसलों में अबाबील नामक पक्षी चहचहाते हैं। मुर्गा सोए हुए लोगों को जगाने के लिए जोर-जोर से बाँग देता है। शिकारियों के द्वारा...

Context: The poor villagers are sleeping in their graves. Their graves are not in good condition. There is dry grass everywhere in the graveyard.

Explanation: The poet says that the morning is pleasant with a fragrant smell and the light breeze is calling everybody to get up from sleep. The small winds, swallows, are excited at the pleasant morning and are twittering in their straw-built nests. The cocks are making loud, stimulating and clear calls. The reflecting sound made by some horns at a distance is excited too. But all these things are unable to rouse the poor dead villagers from their sleep who lay buried in their graves.

(कवि कहता है कि प्रातःकाल का समय सुगन्धित गन्ध से भरा हुआ है और हल्की मन्द पवन प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को नींद से उठ जाने के लिए पुकार रही है। छोटे-छोटे पक्षी तथा अबाबील सुखद प्रातःकाल से बहुत प्रफुल्लित हैं और अपने घास-फूस से बने घोंसलों में चहचहा रहे हैं। मुर्गे भी जोर-जोर से स्पष्ट उत्तेजक बाँग दे रहे हैं। थोड़ी दूर से बिगुल के बजने की आवाज भी उत्प्रेरक है। किन्तु ये सभी बातें उन बेचारे मृत गाँव वालों को उठाने में असमर्थ हैं जो अपनी कब्रों में दफन हुए पड़े हैं।)

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining these lines, emphasize how the poet contrasts the lively, vibrant sounds of the morning with the eternal, silent sleep of the dead villagers.

 

Stanza 4
Let not ambition mock their useful toil,
Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;
Nor grandeur hear with a disdainful smile
The short and simple annals of the poor. [2012, 13, 17, 18]

 

Word Meanings:
Ambition: महत्त्वाकांक्षा (strong desire)
Mock: मजाक उड़ाना (to make fun of, laugh at)
Toil: कठिन परिश्रम (difficult work)
Homely: साधारण (simple)
Destiny: भाग्य (fate)
Obscure: अस्पष्ट (dim)
Grandeur: महान व्यक्ति (grand and mighty men)
Disdainful: घृणाजनक ढंग से (full of hatred)
Annals: जीवन का लेखा-जोखा (records of life)

 

Hindi Translation:
इस पद्यांश में कवि धनी एवं महत्त्वाकांक्षी व्यक्तियों से कहता है कि वे गरीब आदमियों के कार्यों को या उनके जीवन को तुच्छ भावना या मखौल की दृष्टि से न देखें। उनके जीवन की खुशियाँ बहुत साधारण थीं। भाग्य से वे अपरिचित थे और भाग्य ने उनका साथ भी नहीं दिया। धनी एवं महान व्यक्तियों को इन गरीब लोगों के संक्षिप्त एवं साधारण जीवन को तिरस्कार की दृष्टि से देखकर उसका मखौल नहीं उड़ाना चाहिए।

 

Context: The poet is sitting in a country churchyard. There are men lying buried in their small graves. Nobody and no sound can wake them up. They will never come back to life because they have died. They were very simple, uneducated and poor people.

 

Explanation: In this stanza the poet says that the people who are buried here were very simple and useful. They worked hard for the nation. Fate never favoured them yet they were always contented. The history of their life is very short and simple. So the rich and great people should not laugh at them. They should not see them with hatred.

(इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि वे लोग जो यहाँ दफना दिए गए हैं बहुत ही साधारण और लाभदायक थे। उन्होंने राष्ट्र के लिए परिश्रम किया। भाग्य ने कभी साथ नहीं दिया फिर भी वे सदा सन्तुष्ट रहते थे। उनके जीवन का इतिहास बहुत छोटा और साधारण है। इसलिए धनी और महान लोगों को उन पर हँसना नहीं चाहिए। उन्हें उनको घृणा से भी नहीं देखना चाहिए।)

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'Ambition' and 'Grandeur' are personified in this stanza. Highlighting this poetic device will help you score full marks in your explanation answers.

Comments: In this stanza ‘Ambition’ has been personified. Moreover we note the poet’s sympathy for the poor.

 

Question 5. Explain the following stanza with reference to the context:
"The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave
Awaits alike th’ inevitable hour :
The paths of glory lead but to the grave." [2009, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18]
Answer:
Word-meanings:
• Boast of heraldry = pride on one’s noble birth (ऊँचे वंश में पैदा होने का अभिमान)
• Pomp of power = show of wealth (बाहरी आडम्बर)
• Inevitable = that cannot be avoided (निश्चित)
• Inevitable hour = death (मृत्यु)

(इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि हमें महान् वंश में उत्पन्न होने का या धन का अभिमान नहीं करना चाहिए। सभी सुन्दर वस्तुएँ तथा सभी प्रकार की धन-दौलत एक दिन नष्ट हो जाएँगे, मृत्यु सभी को आएगी। जिन व्यक्तियों को अपने जीवन में अधिक सम्मान भी मिल गया है उनका भी अन्त मृत्यु ही है।)

Context:
The poet is sitting in a country churchyard. He is remembering the men lying buried in their small graves. No man and no sound can wake them up. They will never come back to life because they have been buried forever. They were very simple, uneducated and poor people.

Explanation:
In this concluding stanza the poet says that we should not be proud of our birth in a high family or of our wealth. Powerful, beautiful or wealthy persons may get honour and fame in this world. But their end is also like the poor, weak and ugly people. So they should not be proud of their material possessions. They should remember that the end of all is the same, i.e. death. Ultimately, worldly achievements hold no value in the face of mortality.

(इस अन्तिम पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि हमें अपने उच्च कुल में जन्म लेने पर या अपनी सम्पत्ति पर गर्व नहीं करना चाहिए। शक्तिशाली, सुन्दर या धनवान व्यक्ति इस संसार में सम्मान तथा प्रसिद्धि प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। किन्तु उनका अन्त भी गरीब, कमजोर तथा भद्दे लोगों के समान होता है। इसलिए उन्हें अपनी भौतिक वस्तुओं पर गर्व नहीं करना चाहिए। उन्हें याद रखना चाहिए कि सभी का अन्त समान है अर्थात् मृत्यु।)

Comments:
This stanza teaches us that it is useless to run after name, fame, pomp, money and power because the end of our journey of life is only death.
In simple words: No matter how rich, powerful, or beautiful a person is, everyone must die in the end. Death is the ultimate equalizer that spares no one.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, clearly define 'inevitable hour' as death and emphasize the central theme that worldly achievements cannot prevent the finality of the grave.

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