UP Board Solutions Class 11 Hindi Chapter Sandhi prakaran

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नवीनतम पाठयक्रम में स्वर सन्धि के दीर्घ, गुण, यण तथा अयादि भेद ही निर्धारित हैं। इससे सामान्यतया बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न ही पूछे जाते हैं। इसके लिए कुल 3 अंक निर्धारित हैं।

सन्धि-सन्धि का अर्थ है 'मेल' या 'जोड़ । जब दो शब्द पास-पास आते हैं तो पहले शब्द का अन्तिम वर्ण और दूसरे शब्द का आरम्भिक वर्ण कुछ नियमों के अनुसार शरीर में मिलकर एक हो जाते हैं। दो वर्गों के इस एकीकरण को ही 'सन्धि' कहते हैं। उदाहरणार्थ-देव + आलय = देवालय । यहाँ 'देव' (द् + ए + व् + अ) शब्द का अन्तिम 'अ' और 'आलय' शब्द का प्रारम्भिक 'आ' मिलकर 'आ' बन गये । प्रकार-सन्धियाँ तीन प्रकार की होती हैं (अ) स्वर सन्धि, (ब) व्यञ्जन सन्धि और (स) विसर्ग सन्धि ।

स्वर सन्धि

स्वर के साथ स्वर के मेल को स्वर सन्धि कहते हैं। उपर्युक्त 'देवालय' स्वर सन्धि का ही उदाहरण है। कुछ स्वर सन्धियाँ (पाठयक्रम में निर्धारित) नीचे दी जा रही हैं- (1) दीर्घ सन्धि

सूत्र-अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः ।।

नियम-जब अ, इ, उ, ऋ, लू (ह्रस्व या दीर्घ) के बाद समान स्वर (अ, इ, उ, ऋ, लु-ह्रस्व या दीर्घ) आता है तो दोनों के स्थान पर आ, ई, ऊ, ऋ, ऋ (लू नहीं) (दीर्घस्वर) हो जाता है; जैसे-

अ/आ+ अ/आ = आ

कृष्ण+अयन=कृष्णायन(अ + अ = आ)
हर्ष+अतिरेकः=हर्षातिरेकः(अ + अ = आ)
अजर+अमर=अजरामर(अ + अ = आ)
शरणअर्थी=शरणार्थी(अ + अ = आ)
नयन+अभिराम=नयनाभिराम(अ + अ = आ)
मुरअरिः=मुरारिः(अ + अ = आ)
ज्ञानअर्जन=ज्ञानार्जन(अ + अ = आ)
परम+अर्थः=परमार्थः(अ + अ = आ)
भग्नअवशेषः=भग्नावशेषः(अ + अ = आ)
युक्त+आहार:=युक्ताहारः(अ + आ = आ)
पुस्तक+आलयः=पुस्तकालयः(अ + आ = आ)
दीप+आलोकः=दीपालोकः(अ + आ = आ)
धन+आदेशः=धनादेशः(अ + आ = आ)
अश्वआरोही=अश्वारोही(अ + आ = आ)
दिव्यआत्मा=दिव्यात्मा(अ + आ = आ)
विद्याआलयःविद्यालयः(आ + आ = आ)
यथा+अवसरः=यथावसरः(आ + अ = आ)
परीक्षा+अर्थी=परीक्षार्थी(आ + अ = आ)
हिमआलयःहिमालयः(अ + आ = आ)
विद्या+अर्थी=विद्यार्थी(आ + अ = आ)
तथा+अपि=तथापि(आ + अ = आ)
विद्या+अध्ययनम्=विद्याध्ययनम्(आ + अ = आ)
+अक्षरःसाक्षरः(अ + अ = आ)
अन्तर+आत्मा=अन्तरात्मा(अ + अ = आ)
शिक्षा+आलयः=शिक्षालयः(आ + आ = आ)
शिव+आलयः=शिवालयः(अ + आ = आ)
ममता+आलयः=ममतालयः(आ + आ = आ)
सित+असित=सितासित(अ + आ = आ)
अद्य+अपि=अद्यापि(अ + अ = आ)
देव+आलयः=देवालयः(अ + आ = आ)
मधुर+आलापः=मधुरालापः(अ + आ = आ)
मधुर+अक्षरम्=मधुराक्षरम्(अ + अ = आ)

इ/ई + इ/ई = ई

कवि+इन्द्रः=कवीन्द्रः(इ + इ = ई)
गिरि+ईशः=गिरीशः(इ + ई = ई)
कपि+ईशः=कपीशः(इ + ई = ई)
कवि+ईश्वरः=कवीश्वरः(इ + ई = ई)
मुनि+ईशः=मुनीश(इ + ई = ई)
मही+इन्द्रः=महीन्द्रः(ई + इ = ई)
सुधी+इन्द्रः=सुधीन्द्रः(ई + इ = ई)
रजनी+ईशः=रजनीशः(ई + ई = ई)
नदी+ईशः=नदीशः(ई + ई = ई)
नारी+ईश्वरः=नारीश्वरः(ई + ई = ई)
ओषधि+इति=ओषधीति(इ + इ = ई)
श्री+ईशः=श्रीशः(ई + ई = ई)
अंगुलि+इव=अंगुलीव(इ + इ = ई)
कवि+इन्दुम्=कवीन्दुम्(इ + इ = ई)
वारि+ईशः=वारीशः(इ + इ = ई)

उ/ऊ + उ/ऊ = ऊ

सु+उक्तिः=सूक्तिः(उ + उ = ऊ)
भानु+उदयः=भानूदयः(उ + उ = ऊ)
लघु+ऊर्मिः=लघूर्मिः(उ + ऊ = ऊ)
वधू+उत्सवः=वधूत्सवः(ऊ + उ = ऊ)
वधू+ऊर्ध्वः=वधूर्ध्वः(ऊ + ऊ = ऊ)

ऋ लृ + ऋ / ल = ॠ

पितृ+ऋणम्=पितॄणम्(ऋ + ऋ = ऋ)
होतृ+ऋकारः=होतृकारः(ऋ + ऋ = ऋ)
होतृ+लृकारः=होतृकारः(ऋ + लु = ॠ)
लृ+लृकारः=ऋकारः(लृ + लृ = ॠ)

[विशेष-'ऋ' और 'लू' सवर्ण संज्ञक हैं, अतः समान स्वर माने जाते हैं। 'ऋ' और 'लू' में किसी भी स्वर के पूर्व या पश्चात् होने पर सन्धि होने पर दोनों के स्थान पर 'ऋ' ही होता है; क्योंकि संस्कृत में दीर्घ 'लु' (लू) नहीं होता है । ] :

(2) गुण सन्धि

सूत्र-आद्गुणः ।

नियम-यदि 'अ' या 'आ' के बाद इ-ई, उ-ऊ, ऋ, ले आएँ तो दोनों के स्थान पर क्रमशः 'ए', 'ओ', 'अर्' तथा 'अल्' हो जाता है; जैसे-

अ/आ + इ/ई = ए

देवइन्द्रः=देवेन्द्रः(अ + इ = ए)
जितइन्द्रियः=जितेन्द्रियः(अ + इ = ए)
भारतइन्दुः=भारतेन्दुः(अ + इ = ए)
नरइन्द्रः=नरेन्द्रः(अ + इ = ए)
पुष्पइन्द्रः=पुष्पेन्द्रः(अ + इ = ए)
उपइन्द्रः=उपेन्द्रः(अ + इ = ए)
सुरईशः=सुरेशः(अ + ई = ए)
गण+ईशः=गणेशः(अ + ई = ए)
परम+ईश्वरः=परमेश्वरः(अ + ई = ए)
त्रिलोकईश्वरः=त्रिलोकेश्वरः(अ + ई = ए)
यथाइष्टः=यथेष्टः(आ + इ = ए)
महाइन्द्रः=महेन्द्रः(आ + इ = ए)
महाईश्वरः=महेश्वरः(आ + ई = ए)
रमाईशः=रमेशः(आ + ई = ए)
तथाइति=तथेति(आ + इ = ए)
नरईशः=नरेशः(अ + ई = ए)
देवईशः=देवेशः(अ + ई = ए)
महाईशः=महेशः(आ + ई = ए)
सर्वईशः=सर्वेशः(अ + इ = ए)

अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ

महाउत्सवः=महोत्सवः(आ + उ = ओ)
सुतउत्पत्तिः=सुतोत्पत्तिः(अ + उ = ओ)
मयाउक्तम्=मयोक्तम्(आ + उ = ओ)
कठउपनिषद्=कठोपनिषद्(अ + उ = ओ)
तथाउक्तम्=तथोक्तम(आ + उ = ओ)
सर्वउत्तमः=सर्वोत्तमः(अ + उ = ओ)
विकासउन्मुखः=विकासोन्मुखः(अ + उ = ओ)
सूर्यउदयःसूर्योदयः(अ + उ = ओ)
चन्द्रउदयः=चन्द्रोदयः(अ + उ = ओ)
सर्वउदयः=सर्वोदयः(अ + उ = ओ)
भाग्यउदयः=भाग्योदयः(अ + उ = ओ)
महाउदयः=महोदयः(आ + उ = ओ)
आत्मउत्सर्गः=आत्मोत्सर्गः(अ + उ = ओ)
देशउद्धारः=देशोद्धारः(अ + उ = ओ)
पतनउन्मुखः=पतनोन्मुखः(अ + उ = ओ)
समयउचितः=समयोचितः(अ + उ = ओ)
मदन+उत्सवः=मदनोत्सवः(अ + उ = ओ)
जलऊर्मिः=जलोर्मिः(अ + ऊ = ओ)
लोकउत्तर:=लोकोत्तरः(अ + उ = ओ)
देशउद्धारः=देशोद्धारः(अ + उ = ओ)
गंगाउदकम्=गंगोदकम्(आ + उ = ओ)
गंगाऊर्मिः=गंगोर्मि:(आ + ऊ = ओ)
रक्षाउपायः=रक्षोपायः(आ + उ = ओ)
तेन्उक्तम्=तेनोक्तम्ः(अ + उ = ओ)
सदाचार+उपदेशः=सदाचारोपदेशः(अ + उ = ओ)

अ/आ + ऋ/ऋ = अर्

राजा+ऋषिः=राजर्षिः(अ + ऋ = अर्)
ब्रह्म+ऋषिः=ब्रह्मर्षिः(अ + ऋ = अर्)
देव+ऋषिः=देवर्षिः(अ + ऋ = अर्)
महा+ऋषिः=महर्षिः(आ + ऋ = अर्)
वसन्त+ऋतुः=वसन्तर्तुः(अ + ऋ = अर्)
वर्षा+ऋतुः=वर्षर्तुः(आ + ऋ = अर्)

अ/आ + लृ = अल्

मम+लृकारः=ममल्कारः(अ + लृ = अल्)
महा+लुकारः=महल्कारः(आ + लृ = अल्)
तव+लृकारः=तवल्कारः(अ + लृ = अल्)

(3) यण् सन्धि

सूत्र-इको यणचि ।

नियम-यदि इ, उ, ऋ, (ह्रस्व या दीर्घ) के बाद कोई असमान स्वर आता है तो इ-ई, उ-ऊ, ऋ-ऋ, लू के स्थान पर क्रमशः य, व, र, ल् हो जाता है; अर्थात् इ-ई का य्, उ-ऊ का व्, ऋ-ऋ कार्, लू का लु हो जाता है; जैसे-

ई/ई + असमान स्वर = य्

रीति+अनुसारः=रीत्यनुसारः(इ + अ = य)
प्रति+आशा=प्रत्याशा(इ + आ = या)
प्रतिआरोपणम्=प्रत्यारोपणम्(इ + आ = या)
इतिआदि=इत्यादि(इ + आ = या)
यदिअपि=यद्यपि(इ + अ = य)
प्रतिएकम्प्रत्येकम्(इ + ए = ये)
देवीआदेशः=देव्यादेशः(ई + आ = या)
देवीअर्पण=देव्यर्पण(इ + अ = य)
दासीअपराध=दास्यपराध(इ + अ = य)
उपरिउक्तम्=उपर्युक्तम्(इ + उ = यु)
सुधीउपास्यः=सुध्युपास्यः(ई + उ = यु)
देवीआलयः=देव्यालयः(ई + आ = या)
अभिउदयःअभ्युदयः(इ + उ = यु)
प्रतिउपकारः=प्रत्युपकारः(इ + उ = यु)
विअवधान=व्यवधान(इ + अ = य)
इतिउक्तम्=इत्युक्तम्(इ + उ = यु)
गतिअवरोधः=गत्यवरोधः(इ + अ = य)
प्रभृतिएव=प्रभृत्येव(इ + ए = ये)
इति+उक्त्वा=इत्युक्त्वा(इ + उ = यु)
सर्वाणि+अपि=सर्वाण्यपि(इ + उ = य्)

उ/ऊ + असमान स्वर = व्

मनु+अन्तरे=मन्वन्तरे(उ + अ = व)
लघु+आकृतिः=लघ्वाकृतिः(उ + आ = वा)
सु+आगतम्=स्वागतम्(उ + आ = वा)
अनु+एषणम्=अन्वेषणम्(उ + ए = वे)
मधु+अरिः=मध्वरिः(उ + अ = व)
सुआगतःस्वागतः(उ + आ = वा)
गुरुआदेशः=गुर्वादेशः(उ + आ = वा)
वधूआगमनम्=वध्वागमनम्(ऊ + आ = वा)
अनु+अयः=अन्वयः(ऊ + आ = वा)

ऋ/ॠ + असमान स्वर = र्

धातृ+अंशः=धात्रंशः(ऋ + अं = रं)
मातृ+आज्ञा=मात्राज्ञा(ऋ + आ = रा)
पितृ+आकृतिः=पित्राकृतिः(ऋ + आ = रा)
पितृ+आदेशः=पित्रादेशः(ऋ + आ = रा)
पितृ+आज्ञा=पित्राज्ञा(ऋ + आ = रा)

लृ + असमान स्वर = ल्

लृ+आकृतिः=लाकृतिः(लृ + आ = ला)

(4) अयादि सन्धि

सूत्र-एचोऽयवायावः ।

नियम- जब एच् (ए, ओ, ऐ, औ) के आगे कोई स्वर आये तो इन ए, ओ, ऐ, औ के स्थान पर क्रमशः अय्, अव्, आय् और ओव् हो जाता है; जैसे-

गै+अकः=ग् + ऐ + अकः=ग् + आय् + अकः=गायकः।
पो+इत्रम्=प् + ओ + इत्रम्=प् + अव् + इत्रम्=पवित्रम्।
पौ+अकः=प् + औ + अकः=प् + आव् + अकः=पावकः।
कलौ+इव=कल् + औ + इव=कल् + आव् + इव्=कलाविव।
विष्णो+=विष्णू + ओ + ए=विष्णु + अव् + ए=विष्णवे।
पो+अनः=प् + ओ + अनः=प् + अव् + अनः=पवनः।
ने+अनम्=न् + ए + अनम्=न् + अय् + अनम्=नयनम् ।
नौ+इकः=न् + औ + इकः=न् + आव् + इकः=नाविकः।
शे+अनम्ः=श् + ए + अनम्=श् + अय् + अनम्=शयनम्।
नै+इका=न् + ऐ + इका=न् + आय् + इका=नायिका।
क्षीरनिधौ+इव=क्षीरनिध् + औ + इव=क्षीरनिध् + आव् + इव=क्षीरनिधाविव।
उभौ+अपि=उभ् + औ + अपि=उभ् + आव् + अपि=उभावपि।
पौ+अनम्=प् + औ + अनम्=प् + आव् + अनम्=पावनम्।
भौ+अकः=प् + औ + अनम्=प् + आव् + अनम्=भावकः।
धौ+अकः=ध् + औ + अंकः=ध् + आव् + अकः=धावकः।
भौ+उकः=भ् + औ + उकः=भ् + आव् + उकः=भावुकः।

(5) वृद्धि सन्धि

सूत्र-वृद्धिरेचिं । नियम-हस्व अं या दीर्घ आ के बाद ए अथवा ऐ आते हैं तो दोनों को मिलाकर 'ऐ' तथा यदि ओ अथवा औ आते हैं तो दोनों मिलकर 'औ' हो जाते हैं; जैसे -

एक+एकम्=एकैकम्(अ + ए = ऐ)
सदा+एव=सदैव(आ + ए = ऐ)
परम+ओषधिः=परमौषधिः(अ +ओ = औ)
दिव्यऔषधम्=दिव्यौषधम्(अ + औ = औ)
तदा+एव=तदैव(आ + ए = ऐ)

बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न निम्नलिखित के सही विकल्प चुनकर उत्तर पुस्तिका में लिखिए-

Question 1. 'देवालयः'शब्द का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) देवा + लयः (ख) देवि + आलयः (ग) देव + आलयः (घ) दे + वालयः
Answer: (ग) देव + आलयः
In simple words: 'देवालय' is formed by combining 'देव' (deva) and 'आलय' (alaya), meaning 'abode of God', which is an example of Dirgh Sandhi where 'अ' and 'आ' combine to form 'आ'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Sandhi questions, identify the type of Sandhi first and then recall the rules for that specific type to find the correct break-up.

Question 2. गिरीशः' शब्द का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) गिरी + शः (ख) गि + रीशः (ग) गिरि + ईशः (घ) गिरी + ईशः
Answer: (ग) गिरि + ईशः
In simple words: 'गिरीशः' is formed from 'गिरि' (mountain) and 'ईशः' (lord), where 'इ' and 'ई' combine to form 'ई', illustrating Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the short ('इ') and long ('ई') vowel forms in both parts of the word when applying Dirgh Sandhi rules.

Question 3. 'साधूवाच' शब्द का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) साधू + वाच (ख) साधु + उवाच (ग) साधू + उवाच (घ) सा + धूवाच
Answer: (ख) साधु + उवाच
In simple words: 'साधूवाच' is the result of combining 'साधु' (sage) and 'उवाच' (spoke), where 'उ' and 'उ' merge to form a long 'ऊ', which is an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that in Dirgh Sandhi, similar short or long vowels combine to form their long counterpart, e.g., उ + उ = ऊ.

Question 4. 'परमेश्वरः' शब्द को सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) पर + मेश्वरः (ख) परमेश + वरः (ग) परम + ईश्वरः (घ) परमे + श्वरः
Answer: (ग) परम + ईश्वरः
In simple words: 'परमेश्वरः' is formed from 'परम' (supreme) and 'ईश्वरः' (lord), where 'अ' and 'ई' combine to form 'ए', which is an example of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Gun Sandhi, recall the rule that 'अ/आ' followed by 'इ/ई' becomes 'ए'.

Question 5. 'महर्षिः' शब्द का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) मह + र्षिः (ख) म + हर्षिः (ग) महा + ऋषिः (घ) महा + रिषिः
Answer: (ग) महा + ऋषिः
In simple words: 'महर्षिः' is derived from 'महा' (great) and 'ऋषिः' (sage), where 'आ' and 'ऋ' combine to form 'अर्', which is a characteristic of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the 'ऋ' vowel combines with 'अ/आ' to produce the 'अर्' sound in Gun Sandhi.

Question 6. 'मध्वरिः' शब्द का सन्धिविच्छेद है- (क) मधु + अरिः (ख) मधु + वरिः (ग) म + ध्वरिः (घ) मध्व + रिः
Answer: (क) मधु + अरिः
In simple words: 'मध्वरिः' is formed from 'मधु' (honey) and 'अरिः' (enemy), where 'उ' changes to 'व्' due to Yan Sandhi, as it is followed by an unequal vowel 'अ'.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Yan Sandhi, 'उ' or 'ऊ' transforms into 'व्' when followed by any vowel that is not 'उ' or 'ऊ'.

Question 7. 'स्वागतम्' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) स्वा + गतम् (ख) स्वागत + म् (ग) सु + आगतम् (घ) स्वाग + तम्
Answer: (ग) सु + आगतम्
In simple words: 'स्वागतम्' comes from 'सु' (good, well) and 'आगतम्' (arrived), where 'उ' of 'सु' converts to 'व्' because of 'आ' following it, an example of Yan Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'व्' sound in 'स्वागतम्' is a key indicator of Yan Sandhi involving 'उ' or 'ऊ'.

Question 8. 'प्रत्युत्तर' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) प्रत्यु + तर (ख) प्रति + उत्तर (ग) प्र + त्युत्तर (घ) प्रती + उत्तर
Answer: (ख) प्रति + उत्तर
In simple words: 'प्रत्युत्तर' is derived from 'प्रति' (each, towards) and 'उत्तर' (answer), where 'इ' of 'प्रति' changes to 'य्' as it's followed by an 'उ' vowel, demonstrating Yan Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for 'य्' in the middle of a word as a strong clue for Yan Sandhi, often indicating that an 'इ' or 'ई' has transformed.

Question 9. 'पवनम्' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) पव + नम् (ख) पवन् + अम् (ग) पो + अनम् (घ) पवन + म्
Answer: (ग) पो + अनम्
In simple words: 'पवनम्' results from 'पो' (O) and 'अनम्' (to be, for the sake of), where 'ओ' changes to 'अव्' when followed by a vowel, characteristic of Ayadi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words with 'अव्' or 'आय्' sounds often indicate Ayadi Sandhi, requiring careful breakdown to the original vowel sound (ए, ओ, ऐ, औ).

Question 10. 'नयनम्' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) ने + अनम्, (ख) नय + नम् । (ग) नै + अनम् (घ) नयन + म्
Answer: (क) ने + अनम्
In simple words: 'नयनम्' is formed from 'ने' (to lead) and 'अनम्' (an action suffix), where 'ए' transforms into 'अय' due to Ayadi Sandhi when followed by a vowel.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that 'अय' in a word often signals Ayadi Sandhi, originating from an 'ए' vowel.

Question 11. 'पुस्तकालयः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) पुस्त + कालयः (ख) पुस्तका + लयः (ग) पुस्तक + आलयः (घ) पुस्तके + लयः
Answer: (ग) पुस्तक + आलयः
In simple words: 'पुस्तकालयः' is a compound of 'पुस्तक' (book) and 'आलयः' (abode), demonstrating Dirgh Sandhi where 'अ' and 'आ' combine to form 'आ'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Dirgh Sandhi, identify if two similar vowels (short or long) merge to form a single long vowel.

Question 12. 'रमेशः'का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) रम + एशः (ख) रम + इशः (ग) रमा + एशः (घ) रमा + ईशः
Answer: (घ) रमा + ईशः
In simple words: 'रमेशः' is derived from 'रमा' (Lakshmi) and 'ईशः' (lord), where 'आ' and 'ई' combine to form 'ए', an example of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ए' sound in such words is a strong indicator of Gun Sandhi, usually from 'अ/आ' + 'इ/ई'.

Question 13. 'इत्यादि'का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) इति + आदि (ख) इत्य + आदी (ग) इत + आदि (घ) इती + आदि
Answer: (क) इति + आदि
In simple words: 'इत्यादि' comes from 'इति' (thus) and 'आदि' (etc.), where 'इ' changes to 'य्' because of the following 'आ', an example of Yan Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'य्' sound in 'इत्यादि' reveals the presence of Yan Sandhi, where 'इ' or 'ई' transforms before a dissimilar vowel.

Question 14. 'नदीशः'का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) नदि + ईशः (ख) नदी + शः (ग) नदी + ईशः (घ) ना + दीशः
Answer: (ग) नदी + ईशः
In simple words: 'नदीशः' is formed from 'नदी' (river) and 'ईशः' (lord), where 'ई' and 'ई' combine to form a long 'ई', a clear example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the lengthening of similar vowels (like 'ई' + 'ई' = 'ई') as the hallmark of Dirgh Sandhi.

Question 15. 'यद्यपि' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) या + अपि (ख) ये + दद्यपि (ग) यद्यो + अपि (घ) यदि + अपि
Answer: (घ) यदि + अपि
In simple words: 'यद्यपि' is formed from 'यदि' (if) and 'अपि' (also), where 'इ' of 'यदि' changes to 'य्' due to the following 'अ', characteristic of Yan Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'द्य' sound (which is 'द्' + 'य्' + 'अ') in 'यद्यपि' is a common formation in Yan Sandhi from 'इ' + 'अ'.

Question 16. 'सूर्योदयः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) सूर्य + उदयः (ख) सूर्यो + दयः (ग) सूर + ओदयः (घ) सूर + उदयः
Answer: (क) सूर्य + उदयः
In simple words: 'सूर्योदयः' combines 'सूर्य' (sun) and 'उदयः' (rise), where 'अ' and 'उ' merge to form 'ओ', which is a rule of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ओ' sound in the combined word suggests Gun Sandhi, where 'अ/आ' meets 'उ/ऊ'.

Question 17. 'कवीश्वर;'का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) कवि + ईश्वरः (ख) कवि + श्वरः (ग) कवि + इश्वरः, (घ) कवी + ईश्वरः
Answer: (क) कवि + ईश्वरः
In simple words: 'कवीश्वरः' is a combination of 'कवि' (poet) and 'ईश्वरः' (lord), where 'इ' and 'ई' merge to form a long 'ई', an instance of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Dirgh Sandhi always results in a long vowel when two similar vowels combine, regardless of their initial short or long forms.

Question 18. उपेन्द्रः' को सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) उपे + क्रुद्रः (ख) उप + ईन्द्रः (ग) उप + इन्द्रः (घ) उपा + इन्द्रः
Answer: (ग) उप + इन्द्रः
In simple words: 'उपेन्द्रः' is formed from 'उप' (near) and 'इन्द्रः' (Indra), where 'अ' and 'इ' combine to form 'ए', a rule of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ए' vowel in the final word is a key sign of Gun Sandhi, often resulting from 'अ' + 'इ'.

Question 19. 'विद्यार्थी' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) विद्य + अर्थी (ख) विद्या + अर्थी (ग) विद्य + आर्थी (घ) विदि + आर्थी ।
Answer: (ख) विद्या + अर्थी
In simple words: 'विद्यार्थी' is the result of 'विद्या' (knowledge) and 'अर्थी' (seeker), where 'आ' and 'अ' combine to form 'आ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dirgh Sandhi results in the long form of the vowel when two similar vowels, short or long, merge.

Question 20. 'देवर्षिः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) देवः + ऋषि (ख) देवा + ऋषिः (ग) देव + ऋषिः (घ) देव + अर्षिः
Answer: (ग) देव + ऋषिः
In simple words: 'देवर्षिः' is formed from 'देव' (god) and 'ऋषिः' (sage), where 'अ' and 'ऋ' combine to form 'अर्', a rule of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'र्' sound followed by a vowel in a Sandhi word is often a clue for Gun Sandhi involving 'ऋ'.

Question 21. 'परमार्थः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) परम + अर्थः (ख) पर + मर्थः (ग) पर + मार्थः (घ) परमा + अर्थः
Answer: (क) परम + अर्थः
In simple words: 'परमार्थः' comes from 'परम' (supreme) and 'अर्थः' (meaning), where 'अ' and 'अ' combine to form 'आ', which is Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Dirgh Sandhi, the combination of two short 'अ' vowels results in a long 'आ'.

Question 22. 'महोत्सवः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है - (क) महो + उत्सवः (ख) महा + उत्सवः (ग) मह + ओत्सवः (घ) महोत + सवः
Answer: (ख) महा + उत्सवः
In simple words: 'महोत्सवः' is the combination of 'महा' (great) and 'उत्सवः' (festival), where 'आ' and 'उ' merge to form 'ओ', an example of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ओ' sound is a distinct characteristic of Gun Sandhi when 'अ/आ' combines with 'उ/ऊ'.

Question 23. 'भवनम्' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) भव + नम् (ख) भव् + अनम् (ग) भो + अनम् (घ) भ + वनम्
Answer: (ग) भो + अनम्
In simple words: 'भवनम्' is formed from 'भो' (O) and 'अनम्' (an action suffix), where 'ओ' changes to 'अव्' when followed by a vowel, illustrating Ayadi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: When you hear or see an 'अव्' sound in a Sandhi, consider 'ओ' as the original vowel in Ayadi Sandhi.

Question 24. 'रवीन्द्रः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) रवी + इन्द्रः (ख) रवि + ईन्द्रः (ग) रवि + इन्द्रः (घ) रवी + ईन्द्रः
Answer: (ग) रवि + इन्द्रः
In simple words: 'रवीन्द्रः' is formed from 'रवि' (sun) and 'इन्द्रः' (Indra), where 'इ' and 'इ' combine to form a long 'ई', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that two short 'इ' vowels combine to form a long 'ई' in Dirgh Sandhi.

Question 25. 'मुरारिः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) मुर + अरिः (ख) मुरा + अरिः (ग) मुर + आरिः (घ) मु + रारिः
Answer: (क) मुर + अरिः
In simple words: 'मुरारिः' is composed of 'मुर' (name of a demon) and 'अरिः' (enemy), where 'अ' and 'अ' combine to form 'आ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dirgh Sandhi is about the lengthening of similar vowels at the juncture of two words.

Question 26. 'अन्विति' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) अन्वि + ति (ख) अनु + इति (ग) अन्वि + इति. (घ) अन् + इति
Answer: (ख) अनु + इति
In simple words: 'अन्विति' is formed from 'अनु' (after, according to) and 'इति' (thus), where 'उ' changes to 'व्' due to 'इ' following it, which is Yan Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The presence of 'व्' in the sandhi word often indicates that the original first word ended in 'उ' or 'ऊ' and was followed by a dissimilar vowel.

Question 27. 'भूर्ख' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) भू + उर्ध्व (ख) भु + ऊर्ध्व (ग) भू + ऊर्ध्व (घ) भू + र्ध्व
Answer: (ग) भू + ऊर्ध्व
In simple words: 'भूर्ख' combines 'भू' (earth) and 'ऊर्ध्व' (upwards), where 'ऊ' and 'ऊ' merge to form a long 'ऊ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Two long 'ऊ' vowels combine to form a single long 'ऊ' in Dirgh Sandhi, maintaining the long sound.

Question 28. 'अम्बूर्मिः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) अम्बू + उर्मिः (ख) अम्बु + उर्मिः (ग) अम्बू + ऊर्मि (घ) अम्बु + ऊर्मिः
Answer: (घ) अम्बु + ऊर्मिः
In simple words: 'अम्बूर्मिः' is formed from 'अम्बु' (water) and 'ऊर्मिः' (wave), where 'उ' and 'ऊ' combine to form a long 'ऊ', which is Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Dirgh Sandhi, a short 'उ' and a long 'ऊ' will combine to result in a long 'ऊ'.

Question 29. 'रामाशीषः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) रामः + आशीषः (ख) रामाः + शीषः (ग) रामाः + आशीषः (घ) रामाश् + ईषः
Answer: (क) रामः + आशीषः
In simple words: 'रामाशीषः' is derived from 'रामः' (Rama) and 'आशीषः' (blessing), where 'अ' and 'आ' combine to form 'आ', demonstrating Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The elongation of 'अ' to 'आ' when two similar vowels meet is a fundamental rule of Dirgh Sandhi.

Question 30. 'क्षीरनिधाविव' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) क्षीरनिधा + विव (ख) क्षीरनिध + आविव (ग) क्षीरनिधौ + इव (घ) क्षीरनिध् + आविव
Answer: (ग) क्षीरनिधौ + इव
In simple words: 'क्षीरनिधाविव' is formed from 'क्षीरनिधौ' (in the ocean of milk) and 'इव' (like), where 'औ' changes to 'आव्' due to 'इ' following it, which is Ayadi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words containing 'आव्' followed by another vowel are strong indicators of Ayadi Sandhi from an original 'औ'.

Question 31. 'देशाभिमान' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) देशा + भिमान (ख) देश + अभिमान (ग) देशा + अभिमान (घ) देश + भिमान
Answer: (ख) देश + अभिमान
In simple words: 'देशाभिमान' combines 'देश' (country) and 'अभिमान' (pride), where 'अ' and 'अ' merge to form 'आ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dirgh Sandhi commonly involves 'अ' and 'अ' combining to form 'आ' for many compound words.

Question 32. 'सतीशः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) सत + ईशः (ख) सत् + ईशः (ग) सति + इशः (घ) सती + ईशः
Answer: (घ) सती + ईशः
In simple words: 'सतीशः' is formed from 'सती' (Sati) and 'ईशः' (lord), where 'ई' and 'ई' combine to form a long 'ई', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ई' vowel in 'सतीशः' is a lengthened form, pointing to Dirgh Sandhi involving two 'ई' vowels.

Question 33. 'सुखार्थिनः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) सुख + अर्थिनः (ख) सुखा + अर्थिनः (ग) सुख + आर्थिनः (घ) सुखार् + थिनः
Answer: (क) सुख + अर्थिनः
In simple words: 'सुखार्थिनः' is derived from 'सुख' (happiness) and 'अर्थिनः' (seeker), where 'अ' and 'अ' combine to form 'आ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'आ' in 'सुखार्थिनः' is a result of the Dirgh Sandhi rule where 'अ' + 'अ' becomes 'आ'.

Question 34. सुरेन्द्रः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) सुरा + इन्द्रः (ख) सुर + एन्द्रः (ग) सुरे + न्द्रः (घ) सुर + इन्द्रः :
Answer: (घ) सुर + इन्द्रः
In simple words: 'सुरेन्द्रः' is formed from 'सुर' (god) and 'इन्द्रः' (Indra), where 'अ' and 'इ' combine to form 'ए', an example of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Gun Sandhi often manifests as 'ए' when 'अ' or 'आ' is followed by 'इ' or 'ई'.

Question 35. 'उपोषति' को सन्धिविच्छेद है- (क) उप + ओषति (ख) उपो + षति (ग) उ + पोषति (घ) उपोष + ति
Answer: (क) उप + ओषति
In simple words: 'उपोषति' is formed from 'उप' (near) and 'ओषति' (burns), where 'अ' and 'ओ' combine to form 'औ', an example of Vriddhi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'औ' vowel is a key indicator of Vriddhi Sandhi, especially when 'अ/आ' combines with 'ओ/औ'.

Question 36. 'सज्जनः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) सद् + जनः (ख) सत् + जनः (ग) सद् + अजनः (घ) सती + जनः
Answer: (ख) सत् + जनः
In simple words: 'सज्जनः' is formed from 'सत्' (good) and 'जनः' (person), where 'त्' changes to 'ज्' because of the following 'ज', an example of Vyanjan Sandhi (not covered in detail here but contextually given).

🎯 Exam Tip: For Vyanjan Sandhi, consonant changes occur based on adjacent consonants, like 'त्' changing to 'ज्' before 'ज्'.

Question 37. 'रामस्तरति' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) राम + तरति (ख) रामः + तरति (ग) राम + स्तरति (घ) राम + रति
Answer: (ख) रामः + तरति
In simple words: 'रामस्तरति' is formed from 'रामः' (Rama) and 'तरति' (swims), where the visarga (ः) changes to 'स्' before 'त्', which is Visarga Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Visarga Sandhi involves changes to the visarga (ः) based on the following consonant, often becoming 'स्' or 'र्'.

Question 38. 'भावुकः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) भौ + उक्तः (ख) भाऊ + अकः (ग) भौ + उकः (घ) भाव + उकः
Answer: (क) भौ + उक्तः
In simple words: 'भावुकः' comes from 'भौ' (O) and 'उक्तः' (said), where 'औ' changes to 'आव्' when followed by 'उ', which is Ayadi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'आव्' sound in a word like 'भावुकः' is a clear indication of Ayadi Sandhi, originating from 'औ'.

Question 39. 'मधुराक्षरम्' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) मधुरा + क्षरम् (ख) मधुर + आक्षरम् (ग) मधुर + अक्षरम् (घ) मधु + राक्षरम्
Answer: (ग) मधुर + अक्षरम्
In simple words: 'मधुराक्षरम्' is formed from 'मधुर' (sweet) and 'अक्षरम्' (letter), where 'अ' and 'अ' combine to form 'आ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dirgh Sandhi involves the creation of a long vowel when two similar short vowels meet.

Question 40. 'अन्वर्थः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) अ + न्वर्थः (ख) अन्व + वर्थः (ग) अनु + अर्थः (घ) अनु + वर्थः
Answer: (ग) अनु + अर्थः
In simple words: 'अन्वर्थः' is derived from 'अनु' (following) and 'अर्थः' (meaning), where 'उ' changes to 'व्' due to 'अ' following it, which is Yan Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'व्' sound in the middle of a word where 'उ' or 'ऊ' was initially present is characteristic of Yan Sandhi.

Question 41. 'सायकः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) सा + यकः (ख) से + अकः (ग) सै + अक (घ) साय + अकः
Answer: (ग) सै + अक
In simple words: 'सायकः' is formed from 'सै' (this, that) and 'अक' (one who does), where 'ऐ' changes to 'आय्' when followed by a vowel, an example of Ayadi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'आय्' sound in the combined word is a strong indicator of Ayadi Sandhi, originating from an 'ऐ' vowel.

Question 42. 'जयति' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है - (क) जा + यति (ख) जो + अति (ग) जे + अति (घ) जय + ति
Answer: (ग) जे + अति
In simple words: 'जयति' is formed from 'जे' (to conquer) and 'अति' (an action suffix), where 'ए' changes to 'अय' when followed by a vowel, an example of Ayadi Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'अय' sound in 'जयति' points to Ayadi Sandhi, where an 'ए' vowel transforms before another vowel.

Question 43. 'कमलोदयः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) कमलो + दयः (ख) कमल + ओदयः (ग) कमल + उदयः (घ) कम + लोदयः
Answer: (ग) कमल + उदयः
In simple words: 'कमलोदयः' is a combination of 'कमल' (lotus) and 'उदयः' (rise), where 'अ' and 'उ' merge to form 'ओ', a rule of Gun Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ओ' sound in such words is a hallmark of Gun Sandhi, typically formed from 'अ' or 'आ' followed by 'उ' or 'ऊ'.

Question 44. 'शुक्लाम्बरम्' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) शु + क्लाम्बरम् (ख) शुक्ला + अम्बरम् (ग) शुक्ल + अम्बरम् (घ) शुक्ल + आम्बरम्
Answer: (ग) शुक्ल + अम्बरम्
In simple words: 'शुक्लाम्बरम्' is formed from 'शुक्ल' (white) and 'अम्बरम्' (garment), where 'अ' and 'अ' combine to form 'आ', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The transition from two short 'अ' sounds to a long 'आ' sound is a common occurrence in Dirgh Sandhi.

Question 45. 'महीशः' का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (क) महा + ईशः (ख) मही + शः (ग) महे + ईशः (घ) मही + ईश
Answer: (घ) मही + ईश
In simple words: 'महीशः' is formed from 'मही' (earth) and 'ईश' (lord), where 'ई' and 'ई' combine to form a long 'ई', an example of Dirgh Sandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: When two similar long vowels (like 'ई' + 'ई') combine, the result is still the long vowel 'ई' in Dirgh Sandhi.

We hope the UP Board Solutions for Class 11 Samanya Hindi सन्धि-प्रकरण help you. If you have any query regarding UP Board Solutions for Class 11 Samanya Hindi सन्धि-प्रकरण, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

UP Board Solutions for Class 11 Hindi संधि प्रकरण

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