UP Board Solutions Class 11 English Chapter 2 Dummy Subject It and Introductory Subject There

Exercise 4

Question 1. The weather is hot in summer.
Answer: The weather is hot in summer.
In simple words: This sentence describes a general weather condition, using a direct subject "The weather" rather than a dummy subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify sentences that naturally use a direct subject versus those that require a dummy subject like 'It' for impersonal statements.

Question 2. To eat fruits is good for health.
Answer: To eat fruits is good for health.
In simple words: This sentence uses an infinitive phrase as the subject. It can also be expressed using 'It' as a dummy subject (e.g., "It is good for health to eat fruits").

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize when an infinitive phrase acts as the subject and understand its interchangeability with 'It' as an introductory subject.

Question 3. It is blowing heavily.
Answer: It is blowing heavily.
In simple words: 'It' is used here as a dummy subject because the action of blowing doesn't have a specific, identifiable agent (like wind).

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'It' as a dummy subject for impersonal statements about weather, time, or general conditions.

Question 4. It is not good for children to play on the road.
Answer: It is not good for children to play on the road.
In simple words: 'It' serves as a dummy subject, introducing the true subject "to play on the road."

🎯 Exam Tip: When the true subject is a phrase or clause, 'It' often acts as an introductory subject, placing the emphasis later in the sentence.

Question 5. It is time of morning.
Answer: It is time of morning.
In simple words: 'It' is used as a dummy subject to talk about time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'It' when referring to general statements about time, weather, or distance.

Question 6. It is raining cats and dogs today.
Answer: It is raining cats and dogs today.
In simple words: 'It' is employed as a dummy subject for an idiom describing heavy rain, as there is no specific entity performing the action of raining.

🎯 Exam Tip: Idiomatic expressions, especially those related to weather, frequently use 'It' as a dummy subject.

Question 7. Tomorrow is Lipika's birthday.
Answer: Tomorrow is Lipika's birthday.
In simple words: This sentence directly states an event, with "Tomorrow" acting as a temporal adverbial, not a dummy subject. It could be rephrased as "It is Lipika's birthday tomorrow."

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how to rephrase sentences to use 'It' as a dummy subject for events or fixed dates when appropriate.

Question 8. Is it safe to keep money in locker?
Answer: Is it safe to keep money in locker?
In simple words: In this interrogative sentence, 'It' functions as a dummy subject, introducing the real subject "to keep money in locker."

🎯 Exam Tip: 'It' can be used as an introductory subject in questions, especially when the true subject is an infinitive phrase.

Question 9. To tease the mad dog is bad.
Answer: To tease the mad dog is bad.
In simple words: Here, "To tease the mad dog" is the infinitive phrase acting as the subject. This can also be expressed using 'It' as an introductory subject (e.g., "It is bad to tease the mad dog").

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice rewriting sentences where an infinitive phrase is the subject, using 'It' to introduce the sentence more smoothly.

Question 10. It is 40 km away from here.
Answer: It is 40 km away from here.
In simple words: 'It' acts as a dummy subject to state a distance from a reference point.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'It' as a dummy subject when expressing distances, especially when the exact object being measured is implied rather than explicitly stated as the grammatical subject.

Question 11. It will be Tuesday tomorrow.
Answer: It will be Tuesday tomorrow.
In simple words: 'It' is used here as a dummy subject to refer to a day of the week, functioning as an impersonal subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'It' as a dummy subject when stating the day, date, or time.

Question 12. It is not the month of August.
Answer: It is not the month of August.
In simple words: 'It' functions as a dummy subject to refer to the current month in an impersonal statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing months or seasons impersonally, 'It' is the appropriate dummy subject.

Question 13. It is not good to sleep late at night.
Answer: It is not good to sleep late at night.
In simple words: 'It' introduces the sentence as a dummy subject, with the actual activity "to sleep late at night" as the real subject appearing later.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expressing a general truth or opinion about an action (represented by an infinitive phrase), 'It' is often used as an introductory subject.

Question 14. Your are very fortunate.
Answer: Your are very fortunate.
In simple words: This sentence uses "You" (assuming "Your" is a typo and should be "You are") as the direct subject, expressing a personal observation, and does not require a dummy subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between sentences that refer directly to a person or thing as the subject and those that require an impersonal dummy subject.

Question 15. It is very pleasant today.
Answer: It is very pleasant today.
In simple words: 'It' is used as a dummy subject to describe the general pleasantness of the day, an impersonal observation about the weather/atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'It' as a dummy subject for general descriptions of conditions like weather, atmosphere, or mood of a place.

Exercise 5

Question 1. There is no teacher in the class today.
Answer: There is no teacher in the class today.
In simple words: 'There' is used as an introductory subject to indicate the existence or non-existence of something (a teacher) in a specific location (the class).

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'There is' or 'There are' to introduce the existence of nouns, with 'there' acting as the introductory subject.

Question 2. There is no rat in my house.
Answer: There is no rat in my house.
In simple words: 'There' acts as an introductory subject to state the absence of a rat in the house.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'there' is usually followed by a form of 'to be' and the actual subject of the sentence (e.g., 'no rat') determines the verb's number.

Question 3. There will be no soldier on the border now.
Answer: There will be no soldier on the border now.
In simple words: 'There' is used as an introductory subject in the future tense to indicate the non-existence of a soldier at a future point.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'There' can be used with various tenses of 'to be' (e.g., there was, there will be) to express existence or non-existence across different timeframes.

Question 4. Are there fifty students in your class?
Answer: Are there fifty students in your class?
In simple words: 'There' is used as an introductory subject in an interrogative sentence to ask about the existence of students. The verb 'are' agrees with 'fifty students'.

🎯 Exam Tip: In questions using 'there', the auxiliary verb comes before 'there', and the verb agrees with the noun phrase following 'there'.

Question 5. There was no dispute between the two brothers.
Answer: There was no dispute between the two brothers.
In simple words: 'There' serves as an introductory subject in the past tense, indicating the absence of a dispute. 'Was' agrees with the singular 'no dispute'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure verb-subject agreement when using 'there' in the past tense; 'was' for singular, 'were' for plural.

Question 6. Is there a fifty rupee note in your pocket?
Answer: Is there a fifty rupee note in your pocket?
In simple words: This is an interrogative sentence using 'there' to ask about the existence of a single Rs. 50 note. 'Is' agrees with 'a fifty rupee note'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about the existence of a singular item, use "Is there...?" and for plural items, "Are there...?".

Question 7. How many rooms are there in your house?
Answer: How many rooms are there in your house?
In simple words: This question uses 'there' to inquire about the quantity of rooms present in a house. 'Are' is used for the plural 'rooms'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asking about quantity with 'there', use "How many [plural noun] are there...?"

Question 8. Here is your friend, Manik.
Answer: Here is your friend, Manik.
In simple words: This sentence uses 'Here' for emphasis and presentation, similar to 'There' but often for something close or currently being presented. The actual subject "your friend, Manik" follows the verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between 'there' (indicating existence) and 'here' (indicating proximity or presentation). Both can cause inversion of subject and verb.

Question 9. There is no tubewell in that field.
Answer: There is no tubewell in that field.
In simple words: 'There' is used to state the absence of a tubewell in the specified field.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice using 'there is no/not any' to express the non-existence of singular count nouns or non-count nouns.

Question 10. Are there ten clerks in your office?
Answer: Are there ten clerks in your office?
In simple words: This interrogative sentence uses 'there' to ask about the presence of a specific number of clerks. 'Are' agrees with the plural 'ten clerks'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure the verb (is/are/was/were) used with 'there' matches the number (singular/plural) of the noun phrase that follows it.

Question 11. Why is there no ink in your pen?
Answer: Why is there no ink in your pen?
In simple words: 'There' is used in this 'wh'-question to inquire about the reason for the absence of ink. 'Is' agrees with the uncountable noun 'ink'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using 'there' in 'wh'-questions, the question word comes first, followed by the verb, then 'there', and then the subject.

Question 12. How many monkeys will be there on the roof?
Answer: How many monkeys will be there on the roof?
In simple words: This question uses 'there' in the future tense to ask about the number of monkeys that will exist on the roof.

🎯 Exam Tip: Combine 'How many' with 'there will be' to ask about future quantities of countable nouns.

Question 13. How many Indians will be there in America?
Answer: How many Indians will be there in America?
In simple words: 'There' is used here to inquire about the total population (number of Indians) in America in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'How many... will be there' is the correct structure for asking about future quantities of people or things in a location.

Question 14. How much milk is there in this pot?
Answer: How much milk is there in this pot?
In simple words: 'There' is used with 'How much' to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun (milk) in the pot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "How much [uncountable noun] is there...?" for questions about the quantity of non-countable items.

Question 15. There were only two students present in our class today.
Answer: There were only two students present in our class today.
In simple words: 'There' introduces the sentence, stating the past existence and number of students. 'Were' agrees with the plural 'two students'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'There were' when referring to plural subjects in the past tense to indicate their existence or presence.