CBSE Class 12 Business Studies

Success in Class 12 Business Studies requires students to not just memorize definitions but also apply management principles to real-world corporate scenarios. This year you will see that the CBSE pattern has dedicated 50% of the paper to Competency-Based questions. Students must bridge the gap between textbook theory and practical decision-making to get more marks in exams. You can easily target to get perfect 100/100 or even prepare for future management entrances by using our comprehensive study material provided below as ots latest NTA-aligned syllabus with chapter-wise weightage and expert-curated case studies. With our study resources you can secure top marks in your board exams.

click below for class 12 business studies projects, NCERT solutions and books, worksheets, assignments, syllabus, hots, multiple choice questions (mcqs), easy to learn concepts and study notes of all class 12 business studies chapters, online tests, value based questions (vbqs), sample papers and last year solved question papers

Important Practice Resources for Class 12 Business Studies

Performing well in Class 12 Business Studies is the first step toward a successful career in MBA, Marketing, or Entrepreneurship. This year the industrial landscape gives more importance to students who understand the synergy between Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling. The study material that we have provided below goes beyond the 80-mark theory paper and also has material to help in your 20-mark Project Work, including Viva Voce preparation and project file formatting. By learning concepts of Consumer Protection and Financial Markets today, you are not just passing a school exam; you are building strong understanding of a modern professional. Stay ahead of the curve, and let our expert guides lead you to a top-tier percentile.

To score a 100/100 in Business Studies, you must give importance to chapters based on their contribution to the final 80-mark paper. The syllabus is divided into two parts: Principles of Management and Business Finance

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management (Part of 16 Marks)

  • Management - concept, objectives, and importance
  • Management as Science, Art and Profession
  • Levels of Management
  • Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
  • Coordination- concept and importance

Note for Students: This foundational unit explores the core objectives of management and the essential coordination required across various organizational levels to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

Unit 2: Principles of Management (Part of 16 Marks)

  • Principles of Management - concept and significance
  • Fayol’s principles of management
  • Taylor’s Scientific management - principles and techniques

Note for Students: Students will study the classical theories of management, comparing the administrative principles of Henri Fayol with the scientific management techniques of F.W. Taylor.

Unit 3: Business Environment (Part of 14 Marks)

  • Business Environment- concept and importance
  • Dimensions of Business Environment - Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal
  • Demonetization - concept and features

Note for Students: This unit examines the external factors that influence business operations, including a specific look at the impact of demonetization and various environmental dimensions.

Unit 4: Planning (Part of 14 Marks)

  • Planning: Concept, importance and limitation
  • Planning process
  • Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget and Programme

Note for Students: Focus on the systematic steps involved in planning and the different types of operational plans used to achieve organizational goals.

Unit 5: Organising (Part of 14 Marks)

  • Organising: Concept and importance
  • Organising Process
  • Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept
  • Formal and informal organization - concept
  • Delegation: concept, elements and importance
  • Decentralization: concept and importance

Note for Students: This chapter details how resources are structured and how authority is delegated and decentralized within different organizational frameworks.

Unit 6: Staffing (Part of 20 Marks)

  • Staffing: Concept and importance of staffing
  • Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management concept
  • Staffing process
  • Recruitment process
  • Selection – process
  • Training and Development - Concept and importance, Methods of training - on the job and off the job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training

Note for Students: Students will learn the end-to-end process of managing human resources, from initial recruitment and selection to specialized training methods.

Unit 7: Directing (Part of 20 Marks)

  • Directing: Concept and importance
  • Elements of Directing
  • Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives
  • Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissez faire
  • Communication - concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers?

Note for Students: This unit covers the leadership and communication skills necessary to motivate employees and guide them toward achieving business objectives.

Unit 8: Controlling (Part of 20 Marks)

  • Controlling - Concept and importance
  • Relationship between planning and controlling
  • Steps in process of control

Note for Students: This unit explains the final function of management, focusing on how performance is measured and corrected in relation to original plans.

Unit 9: Financial Management (Part of 15 Marks)

  • Financial Management: Concept, role and objectives
  • Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend - Meaning and factors affecting
  • Financial Planning - concept and importance
  • Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure
  • Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements

Note for Students: Learn the strategic importance of financial planning, including how companies decide on investment, financing, and capital allocation.

Unit 10: Financial Markets (Part of 15 Marks)

  • Financial Markets: Concept
  • Money Market: Concept
  • Capital market and its types (primary and secondary)
  • Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure
  • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions

Note for Students: This unit provides an overview of the financial ecosystem, covering the differences between money and capital markets and the regulatory role of SEBI.

Unit 11: Marketing (Part of 15 Marks)

  • Marketing – Concept, functions and philosophies
  • Marketing Mix – Concept and elements
  • Product – branding, labelling and packaging – Concept
  • Price - Concept, Factors determining price
  • Physical Distribution – concept, components and channels of distribution
  • Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relations

Note for Students: Students will explore the "Four Ps" of marketing (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) and the various philosophies that drive modern marketing strategies.

Unit 12: Consumer Protection (Part of 15 Marks)

  • Consumer Protection: Concept and importance
  • The Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Meaning of consumer, Rights and responsibilities of consumers, Who can file a complaint?, Redressal machinery, Remedies available
  • Consumer awareness - Role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Note for Students: This unit outlines the legal protections afforded to consumers under the 2019 Act and the role of NGOs in advocating for consumer rights.

Unit 13: Project Work (20 Marks)

  • Project Work (One) as per CBSE guidelines

Note for Students: The practical component requires students to apply classroom concepts to a real-world business project, focusing on research, observation, and analysis.