Selina Concise Solutions for ICSE Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Industries Their Need and Classification

Discuss

Question : Discuss the importance of cottage industry for a country which has a large population with little education.
Answer:
A major benefit of cottage industries is that they allow people to work from their homes. Women have benefited the most because they can work from home while still tending to their families. Many cottage businesses include the entire family in their operations, however, including husbands and children. Some businesses start as cottage industries and then become too large, necessitating a move out of the home into a business environment, but at that point they likely have the financial means to make the move.
Cottage industries provide employment to people right at their doorstep without requiring expensive machinery or formal degrees. This helps in utilizing the traditional skills of rural people and improves the economy of the village.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Cottage" means a small house, so these are simply "Home-based" businesses.
Exam Tip: Highlight how these industries help women specifically to score higher marks.

Discuss

Question : What, according to you, would be the future of industries if we destroyed our forests and wildlife?
Answer:
Forest-based Industries are based on forest products. If we destroys forest the industries such packaging industry, furniture industry, sports good industry, paper industry are shutdown because of unavailability of raw materials.
The destruction of forests would lead to a complete lack of wood and resin, which are essential for many manufacturing processes. Without these raw materials, many people would lose their jobs and the supply of daily items like books and chairs would stop.
Teacher's Tip: Think of forests as the "Raw Material Warehouse" for industries like paper and furniture.
Exam Tip: Always list specific examples of forest-based industries, such as paper or sports goods, to make your answer more effective.

THINK AND ANSWER

Question : Why do you think multinational companies are attracted to establish ventures in foreign countries?
Answer:
Multinational companies are attracted to establish ventures in foreign countries as cheap labour and cheap raw material inputs, transport and power are easily available in developing countries.
By setting up units in other countries, these companies can reduce their production costs and increase their profits significantly. It also helps them to sell their products directly in new markets without paying high import taxes.
Teacher's Tip: MNC stands for Multi-National Corporation; they go where things are "Multi-cheap"!
Exam Tip: Use terms like "cost-effective" and "availability of resources" to describe why MNCs move abroad.

VALUES & LIFE SKILLS

Question : A lot of children below the age of 14 years work in various industries. Do you think these children should work in these industries? Why do you think they have to work there?
Answer:
Child labour is the employment of children at regular and sustained labour.
No, the children should not work in any industry because of following reasons:
1. Child labour does more than deprive children of their education and mental and physical development - their childhood is stolen.
2. Immature and inexperienced child labourers may be completely unaware of the short and long term risks involved in their work.
3. Working long hours, child labourers are often denied a basic school education, normal social interaction, personal development and emotional support from their family.
Poverty is undoubtedly a dominant factor in the use of child labour; families on or below the poverty line force their children into work to supplement their household’s meager income. Eradicating poverty, however, is only the first step on the road to eliminating child labour.
Children should spend their time learning in schools and playing to ensure they grow up to be healthy and skilled adults. Forcing them to work at a young age stunts their future potential and traps them in a cycle of poverty.
Teacher's Tip: Think of childhood as the "foundation" of a building; if the foundation is weak (work instead of study), the building cannot be strong.
Exam Tip: When writing about social issues, use strong words like "deprived" and "exploitation" to show the seriousness of the topic.

EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1: People who work together to make cars work in the large- scale industry.
Answer:
large- scale
Car manufacturing requires massive machines and thousands of workers, making it a large-scale operation. These industries involve huge investments and complex technology.
Teacher's Tip: Large product (car) = Large-scale industry.
Exam Tip: Ensure you use a hyphen when writing "large-scale" to follow the correct grammatical form.

Question 2: The USA and China are strong because they have thousands of industries.
Answer:
industries
Industries create wealth and jobs, which makes a country economically powerful. A high number of industries leads to more production and export opportunities.
Teacher's Tip: Industries are the backbone of a country's economy.
Exam Tip: Spelling is important; remember "i-n-d-u-s-t-r-i-e-s".

Question 3: Nepal has few industries.
Answer:
few
Countries like Nepal depend more on agriculture or tourism rather than heavy manufacturing. Having fewer industries often results in a lower national income compared to industrialized nations.
Teacher's Tip: "Few" is used for things we can count; remember Nepal is still developing its industrial sector.
Exam Tip: Use comparison with countries like the USA or China to remember why Nepal has "few" industries.

Question 4: The size of an industry depends on the number of people employed, the capital invested and the area it occupies.
Answer:
size
The scale of an industry is determined by how much money is spent and how many people are working there. A large factory with many workers is considered a large-sized industry.
Teacher's Tip: Size in geography isn't just about length; it's about people, money, and land!
Exam Tip: Remember the three factors: People, Capital (Money), and Area.

Question 5: A cottage industry is a household unit run by a family.
Answer:
cottage
These industries are the smallest types where family members work together at home. They usually produce traditional items like pottery or handicrafts.
Teacher's Tip: "Family" is the keyword for identifying a cottage industry.
Exam Tip: Underline your answer in fill-in-the-blanks to make it stand out for the teacher.

B. Match the following.

Question: Match Column A with Column B:
 A
1. USA
2. Nepal
3. Cottage
4. Small-scale
5. Large-scale
B
(i) Cement
(ii) Bicycles
(iii) Many industries
(iv) Few industries
(v) Pottery
Answer:
1. USA - (iii) Many industries
2. Nepal - (iv) Few industries
3. Cottage - (v) Pottery
4. Small-scale - (ii) Bicycles
5. Large-scale - (i) Cement
Matching helps us categorize different countries and product types into the correct industrial size. For example, large factories are needed for cement, while a family can make pottery at home.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the product's size to match the industry type (Pottery = Home, Bicycles = Factory, Cement = Giant plant).
Exam Tip: Instead of drawing criss-cross lines, write the correct pair side-by-side for a neater answer sheet.

C. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1: China/Nepal has many industries.
Answer:
China has many industries.
China is one of the world's leading manufacturing hubs with a vast network of factories. This allows them to produce goods for the entire global market.
Teacher's Tip: Check the "Made in China" labels on your toys; it shows they have many industries!
Exam Tip: Tick the correct option clearly before writing the final sentence.

Question 2: Cottage industries produce handicrafts/cement.
Answer:
Cottage industries produce handicrafts.
Handicrafts are made by hand using simple tools, which is perfect for home-based work. Cement requires massive power and large machines, which cannot fit in a house.
Teacher's Tip: "Hand-made" almost always means it belongs to a cottage or small industry.
Exam Tip: Eliminate the impossible option first; cement is obviously too "heavy" for a cottage.

Question 3: Small-scale industries are smaller/bigger than cottage industries.
Answer:
Small-scale industries are bigger than cottage industries.
Small-scale industries use some hired workers and small machines outside the home. Cottage industries are strictly limited to the family and the home itself.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a ladder: Cottage < Small-scale < Large-scale.
Exam Tip: Pay attention to the comparison words "smaller" or "bigger" to avoid silly mistakes.

Question 4: Sports equipment are produced by small-scale/large- scale industry.
Answer:
Sports equipment are produced by small-scale industry.
Items like bats and balls are often made in specialized small factories using medium amounts of capital. These units employ a limited number of workers to fashion the goods.
Teacher's Tip: Jalandhar and Meerut are famous for small-scale sports industries.
Exam Tip: Read the textbook examples carefully as they are often used directly in exams.

Question 5: Chota Nagpur Plateau is well known for steel/textile production.
Answer:
Chota Nagpur Plateau is well known for steel production.
This region is rich in iron ore and coal, which are the main raw materials needed for making steel. Because the raw materials are right there, large steel plants were built in this area.
Teacher's Tip: Minerals are found in plateaus; minerals like iron lead to steel industries.
Exam Tip: Associate geographical locations with their resources, like Chota Nagpur with iron/steel.

D. State whether the following is true or false.

Question 1: The USA has many industries.
Answer:
True.
The USA is a developed nation with a highly advanced industrial sector. Its strength comes from having thousands of large and small manufacturing units.
Teacher's Tip: Developed countries always have high industrial activity.
Exam Tip: Always write the full word "True" or "False" instead of just "T" or "F".

Question 2: Industries do not contribute much to national income.
Answer:
False.
Correct : Industries contribute much to national income.
Industries are a major source of revenue for the government through taxes and exports. They also provide jobs to millions, which boosts the economy.
Teacher's Tip: Industries are actually the "money-makers" for a nation.
Exam Tip: When a statement is false, providing the correct version shows the teacher you truly understand the topic.

Question 3: The number of labour employed has no relation to the size of an industry.
Answer:
False.
Correct : The number of labour employed has relation to the size of an industry.
Larger industries usually require thousands of workers to operate big machines and production lines. A small workshop only needs a few people.
Teacher's Tip: More workers = Larger size.
Exam Tip: Remember that "Capital", "Labour", and "Output" all define industrial size.

Question 4: Cottage industry employ labour from outside.
Answer:
False.
Correct : Cottage industry employ only family members.
The defining feature of a cottage industry is that it is a household unit. It relies on the skills and work of the family living in that house.
Teacher's Tip: Outside workers = Small-scale industry; Family workers = Cottage industry.
Exam Tip: Watch out for words like "only" or "always" in True/False questions as they are often clues.

Question 5: Small-scale industries employ only family members.
Answer:
False.
Correct : Small-scale industries employ labour from outside.
Small-scale industries are bigger than cottage industries and need more help than just the family. They hire workers from the local area to help with production.
Teacher's Tip: Think of a small local garage; they usually have hired mechanics from outside.
Exam Tip: Contrast this directly with the definition of a cottage industry to remember the difference.

E. Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1: What is an industry?
Answer:
An Industry is a group of people or companies engaged in a particular kind of business enterprise. There are different groups of people that work together to form an industry. For example, people who work together to make cars form the car industry or people who work together to fashion clothes form the fashion industry.
Industries convert raw materials into finished products that are more useful and valuable for us. It is basically the organized production of goods or services.
Teacher's Tip: Think of industry as a "Processing Center" that turns trees into paper.
Exam Tip: Include an example like the "Cotton industry" to make your definition complete.

Question 2: Name the three major types of industries.
Answer:
Three types of industries are :
1. Cottage industry
2. Small-scale industry
3. Large-scale industry.
4. Agro-based industry.
Industries are usually classified based on their size, investment, and the number of workers. While the text mentions four, the main three are categorized by scale.
Teacher's Tip: Size matters! Memorize them as Small (Cottage), Medium (Small-scale), and Giant (Large-scale).
Exam Tip: Even if asked for three, mentioning the fourth (Agro-based) shows extra knowledge.

Question 3: What goods are produced by a cottage industry?
Answer:
Handicrafts, handloom products, jewellery, pottery, leather products, etc. are produced by cottage industry.
These items are usually made by hand using skills passed down through generations. They require very little money to start and can be sold in local markets.
Teacher's Tip: If you can make it on your kitchen table, it's likely a cottage industry product!
Exam Tip: Use the term "etc." at the end of lists to show there are many more examples.

Question 4: Name a few goods produced by small-scale industries.
Answer:
Electronic goods, sports equipment, brassware, bicycles, toys, etc. are produced by small-scale industries.
These products are made using small machines and some hired help in local workshops. They are more complex than cottage goods but less complex than cars or steel.
Teacher's Tip: Bicycles and toys are the "middle-sized" items of the industrial world.
Exam Tip: Always capitalize "Electronic goods" and "Bicycles" if they start a list for better presentation.

Question 5: Which type of industry produces cement and petrochemicals?
Answer:
Cement and petrochemicals are produced by large-scale industry.
These industries require huge amounts of money, massive land, and thousands of skilled workers. They use advanced technology and heavy machinery to produce goods in bulk.
Teacher's Tip: If it needs a giant chimney and a huge piece of land, it's "Large-scale".
Exam Tip: Mention "Iron and Steel" as another example if asked for more types of large-scale industries.

F. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1: Why do we need industries?
Answer:
Industries are required because of the following reasons :
1. Industries are needed to make a country strong financially: The more number of industries in a country the stronger the country becomes. Countries such as the USA and China are strong because of the hundreds and thousands of industries they have. India too has many industries but not as many as USA or China. Some countries like Nepal have very few industries.
2. Industries are needed for products of daily use : We will see items that we use everyday such as toothpaste, soap, bicycle, exercise books, pencils, medicines, cheese, and jams and so on. All these items are manufactured by different industries.
3. Industries are needed so there is no shortage of necessary goods : Apart from fulfilling our daily needs, industries must produce sufficiently so that all the things people need are available to them at reasonable prices.
Industries transform basic natural resources into useful products that improve our quality of life. They also create a huge number of jobs, helping people earn money and survive.
Teacher's Tip: Imagine life without a factory - no phones, no plastic, and no processed food!
Exam Tip: Use headings like "Economic Strength" and "Daily Needs" to organize your long answers.

Question 2: What is a cottage industry?
Answer:
Cottage Industry : It is generally a household unit run by a family.
The craftsmen and their family members carry on the traditional work started by their forefathers generations ago. Cottage industries generally produce all kinds of handicrafts, handloom products, jewellery, pottery, leather products, etc. These industries are encouraged by the government as they generate employment and improve living conditions, especially in rural areas.
This type of industry is unique because it doesn't need a separate office or factory building. It helps preserve the culture and arts of a region by keeping traditional crafts alive.
Teacher's Tip: "Cottage" = Home + Family + Tradition.
Exam Tip: Mention "rural development" as a benefit to show you understand the social impact.

Question 3: What are the differences between a cottage industry and a small-scale industry?
Answer:
The differences between a cottage industry and a smale- scale industry are:
1. The location of cottage industries is restricted in villages whereas the small-scale industries are mostly located in urban and semi- urban areas.
2. Cottage industry being a household industry is mostly run by the members of the family and therefore do not maintain hired labourers. But the small-scale industries are mostly run by hired labourers.
3. Cottage industries are producing goods for meeting local requirements whereas small-scale industries are producing goods to meet the demand for the people living in a wider area.
4. Cottage industries are investing a very little amount of capital and are working with simple tools. But the small industries are investing a comparatively higher amount of capital (presently the limit has been raised from Rs. 60 lakh to Rs. 3 crore) and are working with machines run by power.
In short, small-scale industries are like a bigger version of cottage industries with more workers and machines. They serve more customers and need much more money to start up.
Teacher's Tip: Use the "3 M's" to compare: Money, Men (Labour), and Machines.
Exam Tip: Presenting differences in a table (even using
) is the best way to get full marks for comparison questions.

Question 4: What are large-scale industries?
Answer:
Large-scale industries involve huge investments, professional management and a large force of skilled and unskilled labour.
Big power-driven machines are used with considerable automation. These industries are generally established at places where raw materials, cheap transportation, sources of power, plenty of labour and market are easily available. Industries producing iron and steel, petrochemicals, cement, railway engines and coaches, automobiles, textiles, etc. are examples of large-scale industries.
These industries form the backbone of a nation's infrastructure and development. They operate on a massive scale, often exporting their products to many different countries.
Teacher's Tip: If it has thousands of workers and covers many acres of land, it is "Large-scale".
Exam Tip: Mentioning "automation" and "huge investment" are key points for this definition.

Question 5: Give an account of the factors that determine the establishment of an industry.
Answer:
Factors that determines the establishment of an Industry are:
1. Availability of Raw Material - All industries that require heavy and bulky raw material are generally set up near the sources of raw materials in order to save heavy transportation cost. For example, iron and steel plants in India and other countries have been set up near iron ore mines and coalfields as both iron ore and coal are heavy and difficult to transport.
2. Availability of Power - For any industry power is a very critical factor. Cheap, abundant and uninterrupted power supply is an essential need for any modem industry using large machines.
3. Availability of Transport - An important factor for setting up industries is the availability of efficient means of transportation as movement of raw material to the factory and finished goods to the market depend on it.
4. Availability of Labour - Though labour-skilled and unskilled-can be transported from different regions, it is advantageous to have an assured labour supply locally for setting up an industry.
5. Market - The ultimate aim of any industry is to sell its product easily, i.e., to find a market for its product without much difficulty. Industries of certain types are set up in specific regions where their goods can easily be sold. Woollen industries will do well in areas of cold climate while industries making cotton goods will thrive in areas that have warm and dry climate.
Other Factors - Factors like easy access to financial and banking facilities, climate, state-government policies, etc. also influence either directly or indirectly the location of an industry.
Location is not random; a factory is placed where it is cheapest and easiest to produce and sell goods. If one of these factors is missing, the industry might fail or become too expensive to run.
Teacher's Tip: Use the acronym "P.L.A.M." (Power, Labour, Area/Raw Material, Market) to remember the factors.
Exam Tip: For long questions, always provide an example for at least one factor, like the Iron/Steel plant example.

LET'S DO SOMETHING

Question : With the help of the Internet, find out the names of three companies from the following industries: 1. Iron and steel, 2. Textile, 3. Cement
Answer:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Corp., Bhilai Steel Plant, Durgapur Steel Plant.
2. Acrow India ltd., A1 chemist corp. ltd. Acil Cotton Industries ltd.
3. Ultratech, ACC, Ambuja Cement, Ramco Cements.
These companies are major players in the Indian industrial sector. They provide the materials needed for building houses, making clothes, and developing our country's infrastructure.
Teacher's Tip: You can see these names on construction sites (Cement) or clothing tags (Textiles).
Exam Tip: Knowing real-company names makes your general knowledge better and helps in competitive quizzes.

G. Ask your parents to take you to a cottage or small-scale industry in your city so that you can see how goods are produced there?
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of parents.
Visiting a real workshop helps you understand how things are made and how hard people work. It brings the textbook lessons to life through a real-world experience.
Teacher's Tip: Take a notebook and draw a simple diagram of what you see on your visit.
Exam Tip: This is a practical activity; you won't be tested on it in written exams, but it builds great "Life Skills".

H. Picture Study

Question : This is a picture of an industry.
1. What type of industry is this?
2. Can you give two features of this industry?
Answer:
1. This is a large-scale industry of automobiles sector.
2. Large-scale industries involve huge investments, professional management and a large force of skilled and unskilled labour. Big power-driven machines are used with considerable automation. These industries are generally established at places where raw materials, cheap transportation, sources of power, plenty of labour and market are easily available.
The picture shows an assembly line where cars are being built by machines and workers. This setup is typical of modern factories that produce complex goods in very high numbers.
Teacher's Tip: Look for the "conveyor belt" or "car frames" in the picture to identify it as an automobile plant.
Exam Tip: In picture study, observe the background carefully; if there are big machines, it's always "large-scale".

LET'S DO SOMETHING

Question : With the help of the Internet, find out the names of three companies from the following industries: 1. Iron and steel, 2. Textile, 3. Cement
Answer:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Corp., Bhilai Steel Plant, Durgapur Steel Plant.
2. Acrow India ltd., A1 chemist corp. ltd. Acil Cotton Industries ltd.
3. Ultratech, ACC, Ambuja Cement, Ramco Cements.
These large corporations are responsible for most of the infrastructure and clothing we see around us. They are essential for a country's economic growth and industrial independence.
Teacher's Tip: Famous names like "Tata" are great to remember as they cover many different industries.
Exam Tip: Ensure you match the company name to the correct category (e.g., don't put Tata Steel under Cement).