Selina Concise Solutions for ICSE Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Major Industries

Discuss

Question : Why do you think industries do not always employ adequate and right methods to control industrial pollution?
Answer:
Industries do not always employ adequate and right methods to control industrial pollution because the techniques to control industrial pollution are highly expensive. Industrialist’s feel huge burden on their pockets. Most of the Industrialist are uneducated, so they are not aware about how and why to control pollution.
Many factory owners prioritize short-term savings over the long-term health of the environment because installing treatment plants requires a large initial investment. Additionally, without strict government monitoring, some businesses ignore safety protocols to avoid the extra work involved in waste management.
Teacher's Tip: Think of pollution control as "Earth's Healthcare" - it is an expensive but necessary investment for a healthy future.
Exam Tip: Mention both "economic cost" and "lack of awareness" as the two primary reasons to ensure you get full marks.

VALUES AND LIFE SKILLS

Question : Industries cause pollution when the factories that manufacture goods dump their wastes into water, air and soil. Imagine that you are a factory owner. Write down a few ways in which you can reduce the pollution caused by your factory.
Answer:
I would followthe following steps
1. For the mitigation of smoke emissions from the chimney a stack should be installed at the emitting point.
2. Liquid coming out from the process of manufacturing should be treated in treatment plant before its disposal as civic waste water.
3. Solid waste of factory should be disposed off in safe way by throwing it into the designated landfill site.
4. For minimum emissions from chimney or up to the allowable limits, chimney is made according to scientific prescriptions so that whatever emits from it during or after the manufacturing process must be within its limited level.
5. Moreover, the quality of machinery and equipment which is used for manufacturing should also be well-maintained and its regular maintenance and repair should be done to help them limit the emissions from production.
Being a responsible factory owner means ensuring that every byproduct of production is made harmless before it enters nature. Using modern, energy-efficient machines can also help reduce the amount of waste generated in the first place.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the "Treatment before Disposal" rule to keep our water and air clean.
Exam Tip: Use technical terms like "mitigation," "emissions," and "treatment plant" to show a deeper understanding of the subject.

EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1: Steel is necessary material for making machines.
Answer:
Steel
Steel is considered the backbone of modern industry because almost every tool or machine we use is either made of steel or made by steel machinery. Its strength and durability make it the most essential construction material in the world.
Teacher's Tip: Just look around you; if it is strong and metallic, it is probably made of steel!
Exam Tip: Always capitalize "Steel" if it is the first word in a sentence.

Question 2: Jamshedpur and Rourkela are important steel producing centres in India.
Answer:
Jamshedpur, Rourkela
These cities became major industrial hubs because they are located near rich iron ore and coal mines in the Chota Nagpur plateau region. Proximity to raw materials helps these factories reduce the cost of transporting heavy minerals.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Jamshedpur" was India's first planned industrial city founded by Jamsetji Tata.
Exam Tip: Double-check the spelling of "Jamshedpur" and "Rourkela" to avoid losing marks.

Question 3: Southern USA is an important cotton producing belt in the US.
Answer:
cotton
The climate in the Southern United States is ideal for cotton because it provides the long, frost-free growing season that the plant needs. The presence of fertile soil and easy access to shipping ports helped this region lead the world in cotton production for many years.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the "Cotton Belt" as a warm, sunny area where fluffy white cotton grows best.
Exam Tip: Map questions often ask for this region, so associate "South USA" with "Cotton."

Question 4: Bengaluru is a major centre of information technology industry in India.
Answer:
information technology industry
Bengaluru is often called the "Silicon Valley of India" because it is home to thousands of software companies and tech experts. Its pleasant weather and many engineering colleges made it the perfect place for the IT boom.
Teacher's Tip: IT stands for "Information Technology," which is all about computers and the internet.
Exam Tip: Do not just write "IT"; write out the full form "Information Technology" for a better impression.

Question 5: China is the world’s largest shipbuilding country.
Answer:
China
China has built massive modern shipyards along its coast to manufacture giant cargo vessels for global trade. Their ability to build ships quickly and at a lower cost has made them the world leader in this ancient industry.
Teacher's Tip: China is a giant in manufacturing almost everything, including the biggest ships in the sea!
Exam Tip: In geography, always link the country "China" with "large-scale manufacturing."

B. Match the following.

Question: Match Column A with Column B:
A
1. Steel
2. Cotton
3. Bengaluru
4. Brazil
5. Omega-3
B
(i) Southern USA
(ii) Sugar
(iii) Bokaro
(iv) Fish
(v) IT
Answer:
1. Steel - (iii) Bokaro
2. Cotton - (i) Southern USA
3. Bengaluru - (v) IT
4. Brazil - (ii) Sugar
5. Omega-3 - (iv) Fish
Matching helps us connect industries with their specific geographical locations or products. For example, Brazil is the top sugar producer, while fish is the main source of healthy Omega-3 fatty acids.
Teacher's Tip: Use logic; if you know Bengaluru is for IT, you have already solved one part of the puzzle!
Exam Tip: Write the matched pairs side-by-side in your answer sheet rather than drawing confusing lines.

C. State whether the following is true or false.

Question 1: Other industries depend on the steel industry for infrastructural material.
Answer:
True.
Building factories, bridges, and railways requires massive amounts of steel for their basic structures. Without the steel industry, other sectors like construction and transportation would come to a halt.
Teacher's Tip: Steel is the "Skeleton" of all other big industries.
Exam Tip: Always provide a reason why it is true to show you understand the concept.

Question 2: Steel industry is set up in areas where raw materials are available.
Answer:
True.
Iron ore and coal are very heavy and bulky, making them expensive to transport over long distances. Placing the factory near the mines saves money and makes production much more efficient.
Teacher's Tip: Heavy Raw Materials = Factory near the Source.
Exam Tip: Mention the term "transportation cost" when explaining industrial locations.

Question 3: The Deccan Plateau is a major cotton producing region.
Answer:
True.
The Deccan Plateau is covered with rich black soil, which is famous for its ability to hold moisture and support cotton plants. This natural advantage has made states like Maharashtra and Gujarat leaders in textile production.
Teacher's Tip: Black Soil = "Black Cotton Soil".
Exam Tip: Remember that soil type is the most important factor for the Deccan's cotton success.

Question 4: Ethanol can be produced from cotton.
Answer:
False.
Correct : Ethanol can be produced from sugar.
Ethanol is a biofuel made by fermenting the sugars found in plants like sugarcane and corn. Cotton is a fiber used for making cloth and does not contain the high sugar content needed for ethanol production.
Teacher's Tip: Sugar gives you energy; sugar also gives "energy" to cars in the form of ethanol!
Exam Tip: When a statement is false, always write the correct version to earn full marks.

Question 5: Practising the principle of 3 Rs can help in controlling pollution.
Answer:
True.
The 3 Rs stand for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, which are the best ways to minimize the amount of waste we create. By following these, we can save natural resources and keep our environment cleaner.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the order: Reduce first, then Reuse, and finally Recycle.
Exam Tip: In your answer, list what each "R" stands for to show complete knowledge.

D. Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1: Why is the steel industry considered the basic industry on which other industries depend?
Answer:
Steel is the necessary raw material for making machines as well as other infrastructural material for other industries. The iron and steel industry is the basic industry on which other industries are dependent.
Steel industry is dependent on raw materials such as iron ore, limestone, manganese and coal. Since these are heavy and bulky, this industry is usually located in the vicinity of the areas where these raw materials are available.
Almost everything we use, from a small safety pin to a giant airplane, is made of steel or produced by a steel machine. It is the fundamental building block of all modern manufacturing and infrastructure.
Teacher's Tip: If an industry provides the tools for all other industries, it is a "Basic Industry."
Exam Tip: Use the phrase "Backbone of modern civilization" to describe the steel industry.

Question 2: Why are cotton textile centres located in the Deccan Plateau?
Answer:
Cotton textile centres located in the Deccan Plateau due to following reasons:
1. Thick dark soil obtained which is suitable for growth of cotton and large production of cotton.
2. Abundant and cheap labour.
The plateau's climate and soil are perfect for farming, ensuring a steady supply of raw cotton for the mills. Being centrally located also makes it easier to transport finished cloth to different parts of India.
Teacher's Tip: Remember: Black Soil + Warm Climate = Cotton Paradise.
Exam Tip: Mentioning the availability of "cheap labour" is important because textile work is very labour-intensive.

Question 3: Name the factors that have made Bengaluru a major IT centre.
Answer:
Bengaluru has become a major IT centre because of its pleasant climate, good transportation facilities, highly trained professionals and progressive government policies.
The city has a high concentration of engineering and research institutes that produce a large pool of talented software engineers every year. Additionally, early investments by global tech companies helped create a supportive ecosystem for new startups.
Teacher's Tip: Think of Bengaluru as a magnet that attracts smart people and big tech companies.
Exam Tip: List the points clearly; "Climate," "Talent," and "Policies" are the three keywords you need.

Question 4: Which are the major automobile-producing countries in the world?
Answer:
The top five car producing countries in the world that manufacture the most cars in the world are China, USA, Japan, Germany and South Korea.
These nations have advanced technology and giant factories that can produce millions of vehicles every year. They are home to world-famous brands like Toyota, Volkswagen, and Ford.
Teacher's Tip: These countries are the "Big Five" of the car world.
Exam Tip: Try to memorize these five countries as they are often asked in multiple-choice questions.

Question 5: What are the major causes of industrial pollution?
Answer:
The major causes of industrial pollution are:
(a) Toxic chemicals used by industries in processing and manufacturing.
(b) Consumer products such as paints, sprays, plastics, cement, electronic parts, petroleum cleaning solvents, etc.
(c) Numerous industrial chemicals used in the manufacture of various products such as leather goods, paints, medicines, hospital wastes, etc.
(d) Greenhouse gas emissions such as CO.
(e) Activities such as mining, cutting down forests, construction of huge buildings, dams, highways etc.
Industrial pollution happens when factories release untreated waste directly into the environment, contaminating our air, water, and land. This not only harms nature but also leads to serious health problems for humans and animals.
Teacher's Tip: Pollution is simply "Waste in the Wrong Place."
Exam Tip: Categorize your answer into Air, Water, and Soil pollution for a more organized response.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs.

Question 1: Give an account of the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer:
The cotton textile industry is one of the primary industries in India. More than 40 per cent of the working population of India directly or indirectly depends on this industry.
The manufacturing of cotton textile involves the following processes:
1. washing of fibres
2. carding and combing of fibres to form a rope-like mass of fibres known as‘slivers’
3. spinning to make cotton yam
4. weaving of the ‘ grey cloth’ or undyed cloth
5. bleaching of the ‘grey cloth’
6. dyeing and printing
India is one of the world's largest exporters of cotton yarn and fabric, making it a vital part of our national economy. This industry spans from small handloom weavers in villages to massive automated mills in big cities.
Teacher's Tip: Visualize the journey: Raw fluffy cotton -> Washing -> Spinning -> Weaving -> Colorful Cloth.
Exam Tip: Memorizing the 6 steps in the correct order is crucial for long-form answers.

Question 2: Write a note on sugar producing countries.
Answer:
In 2015, the top five sugar cane producing countries of the world were Brazil, India, China, Thailand and Pakistan. In Brazil, the heart of sugar cane area is located in the south-central part of the country. In India, sugar cane is produced mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
Sugarcane requires a tropical climate with lots of sunshine and plenty of water, which is why these specific countries are the top producers. Most of the sugar we consume daily comes from these vast plantations found in warm regions.
Teacher's Tip: Brazil and India are the "Sweetest" countries because they produce the most sugar!
Exam Tip: Mention specific Indian states like Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra to show you have detailed knowledge.

Question 3: What do you know about the ship-building industry in the world ?
Answer:
Shipbuilding is the world’s oldest industry. China is the world’s largest shipbuilder, followed by Japan and South Korea. In China, the shipbuilding industry is around Beijing, one of the world’s largest shipbuilding centres.
Modern shipbuilding uses massive dry docks and advanced robotics to assemble huge steel hulls for international trade. This industry is essential for the global economy as over 80% of world trade is carried by ships.
Teacher's Tip: China, Japan, and South Korea form the "Shipbuilding Trio" of Asia.
Exam Tip: Remember that shipbuilding is a coastal industry; it needs easy access to the ocean for launching new vessels.

F. Trace your journey: Imagine you are a cotton boll. Write about your journey from the field to somebody’s wardrobe write about all the stages you had to pass through to become a garment.
Answer:
Here are the following stages we had to pass through to become a garment:
1. washing of fibres
2. carding and combing of fibres to form a rope-like mass of fibres known as ‘slivers’
3. spinning to make cotton yam
4. weaving of the ‘grey cloth’ or undyed cloth
5. bleaching of the‘grey cloth’
6. dyeing and printing
After being picked from the sunny fields, a cotton boll goes through mechanical cleaning and spinning to become a strong thread. Finally, that thread is woven into fabric, dyed with beautiful colors, and stitched into the clothes we wear every day.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a makeover journey from a messy field plant to a stylish shirt!
Exam Tip: Use first-person language (like "I was washed" or "I was spun") since the question asks you to "Imagine you are a cotton boll."

G Map work.

Question 1: On an outline map of the world mark any five major industrial centres of the world.
Answer:
Five major industrial centres of the world are :
1. Sydney
2. Chicago
3. Berlin
4. London
5. St. Petersburg
These cities are global leaders because they have excellent transport links, access to skilled workers, and a long history of manufacturing. Marking them on a map helps us see how industrialization is spread across different continents.
Teacher's Tip: Most major industrial cities are located near oceans or large rivers for easy shipping.
Exam Tip: Use a sharp pencil and neat labels when marking cities on a map.

Question 2: Mark two major centres of IT industries.
Answer:
Bengaluru and Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley in the USA is the world's most famous tech hub, while Bengaluru is the leader in Asia. These two locations are the global engines for software development and internet innovation.
Teacher's Tip: Bengaluru is in India, and Silicon Valley is in California, USA.
Exam Tip: Make sure to point to the correct coastal side of the USA for Silicon Valley (the West Coast).

Question 3: Mark two major centres of steel production.
Answer:
Singhbhum and Raniganj.
Singhbhum is located in Jharkhand and is famous for its iron ore, while Raniganj in West Bengal is known for its coal mines. Together, these regions provide the essential ingredients for India's massive steel industry.
Teacher's Tip: These areas are part of the "Mineral Heart" of India.
Exam Tip: Look for the Chota Nagpur plateau region on an India map to find these two spots.

H. Picture Study

Question 1: This picture shows an industry that cannot be set up in all areas. Why ?
Answer:
This is a steel industry which cannot be set up in all areas because raw materials and cheap labour are not easily available.
A steel plant requires huge amounts of water, electricity, and heavy minerals like iron and coal to function. Building such a factory in a place without these resources would be too difficult and expensive.
Teacher's Tip: Steel mills are "Giant Guests" that need a lot of food (raw materials) to survive!
Exam Tip: Always look at the picture closely; the presence of fire and large metal structures is a sign of heavy industry like steel.

Question 2: Name the raw materials used in this industry.
Answer:
Iron ore, limestone, manganese and coal.
These minerals are melted together at extremely high temperatures to remove impurities and create strong steel. Each material plays a specific role, such as limestone helping to remove waste products during the melting process.
Teacher's Tip: Use the "I.L.M.C." trick: Iron, Limestone, Manganese, Coal.
Exam Tip: List all four materials clearly to get the full score for this question.

Let’s Do Something

Take some time out to visit a handicrafts shop nearby. Make a note of the following there :
1. What are the items sold in the shop ?
2. How are these products manufactured ?
3. Where have they come from ?
Answer:
Do it Yourself.
Visiting a shop allows you to see the beautiful results of local talent and manual labor. It helps you appreciate the difference between mass-produced factory goods and unique, hand-made items.
Teacher's Tip: Ask the shopkeeper about the stories behind the products; every handicraft has a history!
Exam Tip: Practical activities like this help build "Observational Skills" which are useful for geography fieldwork.