CBSE Class 11 Economics OTBA Sample Paper (2)

CBSE Class 11 Economics OTBA Sample Paper (2) CBSE,CCE and NCERT students can refer to the attached file. All educational material on the website has been prepared by the best teachers having more than 20 years of teaching experience in various schools. The study material available on our website for all CBSE classes and subjects have been prepared by teachers from all over the country. All study material has been carefully designed keeping into mind the latest CBSE examination trends.  

2. Theme – “Medical Tourism in India”

Abstract:

The case study commences by explaining the meaning of health and medical tourism. It brings to notice the fact that whilst medical tourism may be a relatively nascent and new industry, the concept has existed for centuries. The case highlights the countries that are destinations for medical tourism and argues that affordability, cost effectiveness and quality of services provided are the primary reasons why patients from developed countries are using medial tourism. The study ends by focussing on the medical tourism industry of India in which alternative, non invasive forms of medicine offered by India are discussed.

Travelling is a natural human instinct. People travel across the globe for leisure, work, study and health. The WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. According to the IMTJ (International Medical Travel Journal) - medical tourism is the broadest of all possible categories of travel related to health. Medical tourism is defined as the providing of cost effective medical services in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of special treatment. Medical tourism may be a nascent industry but the concept is very old. 

Florence Nightingale in her letters written in1856 explained the dietary and physical conditions of some patients to doctors in Turkey. She wanted these patients to be treated in the spas of Turkey as similar treatment was expensive in Switzerland. During the eighteenth century, wealthy Europeans used to visit health resorts in North Africa. But in the last decade, travelling for health purposes has increased tremendously and has led to a plethora of opportunities for countries with medical infrastructure, trained manpower and easy connectivity with the world. According to a report byDeloitte, travelling across borders for medical purposes is a 40 billion dollar market and is growing at 15% annually. There has been an immense increase in the medical tourism industry worldwide of $ 60 billion in the last 8 years, as indicated in the simple bar diagram (Fig. 2). These facts only point towards the increasing popularity of medical tourism in the world.

There are many favourite destinations in the world for medical tourism. Ten such destinations have been identified by Deloitte in its report on Medical tourism, as depicted in the world map.  Source: Deloitte Report on Medical Tourism

Figure–1: A World Map showing the 10 most preferred destinations for medical tourism. As you observe the map carefully you will find most of these destinations are developing countries like India, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Thailand, etc. Cost of treatment here is much lower than in a developed country. In fact the cost of medical tourism is the lowest in India. On an average any treatment in India can be done at only 1/5th of its cost in the USA, followed by Mexico and Malaysia. It is also clear from above that patients travel for a variety of reasons ranging from cosmetic surgery, to dental treatment. Going back to another term recurring in the map is JCI. What is JCI?

JCI is the Joint Commission International body launched in 1994 to evaluate the uniformity and safety of patients travelling for medical treatment. The organization reviews the facilities provided by the hospitals and then issues an accreditation certificate. JCI has so far approved and accredited 120 hospitals all over the world. There are several other organizations like ISQUA (International Society for Quality in Health Care) which do the same task of ensuring uniformity of services in medical treatment.

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