Samacheer Kalvi Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Citizens and Citizenship

I. Choose the Correct Answer.

 

Question 1. Which of the following is not a condition for becoming a citizen of India?
(a) Birth
(b) acquiring property
(c) descent
(d) naturalization
Answer: (b) acquiring property
In simple words: Just buying property in India does not make you a citizen. Citizenship usually comes from birth, family, or living in the country for a long time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the main ways to get Indian citizenship: by birth, by descent, by registration, by naturalization, and by incorporating territory. Acquiring property is not one of them.

 

Question 2. __________ of the Constitution of India deals with Citizenship.
(a) Part II
(b) Part II Article 5-11
(c) Part II Article 5-6
(d) Part I Article 5-11
Answer: (b) Part II Article 5-11
In simple words: The rules about who is an Indian citizen are found in Part II of the Indian Constitution, specifically in Articles 5 to 11. These articles outline how citizenship is gained or lost.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing which part and articles of the Constitution deal with key topics like citizenship is important for Civics. Part II covers Articles 5-11.

 

Question 3. Who is called the first citizen of India?
(a) The Prime Minister
(b) The President
(c) The Chief Minister
(d) The Chief Justice of India
Answer: (b) The President
In simple words: The President of India is seen as the first citizen of the country. This title shows their important role as the head of the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: The President holds the highest office in India and represents the nation, making them its first citizen.

II. Fill in the Blanks.

 

Question 1. __________ of a state enjoy full civil and political rights.
Answer: Citizen
In simple words: Citizens of a country are the ones who have all the basic legal and political rights, like voting or holding office.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that citizenship comes with specific rights and duties that are usually not fully available to non-citizens.

 

Question 2. Our Indian Constitution provides for only __________ citizenship.
Answer: One
In simple words: The Indian Constitution says that people in India can only be citizens of India, not also citizens of their individual state. This is called single citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Single citizenship in India means there is one unified identity as an Indian citizen, regardless of the state one belongs to.

 

Question 3. An Indian citizen who is residing outside India and holds an Indian passport are called
Answer: Non-Resident Indian
In simple words: An Indian person living in another country but still holding an Indian passport is known as a Non-Resident Indian, or NRI. They keep their Indian citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: NRIs retain their Indian citizenship and specific rights, even while living abroad for an extended period.

 

Question 4. All __________ have a right and responsibility to citizens.
Answer: Civic
In simple words: All people have civic rights and responsibilities, which means they have duties and freedoms related to being part of a community. This includes things like paying taxes and following laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Civic rights and responsibilities are essential for a healthy society, ensuring people contribute to and benefit from their community.

 

Question 5. __________ is an idea enabling young people to access and participate in shaping modem society.
Answer: Global Citizenship
In simple words: Global citizenship is a way of thinking that helps young people get involved in the modern world. It encourages them to take part and make a difference in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Global citizenship highlights the importance of young people's involvement in both local and international communities to build a better future.

III. State True or False.

 

Question 1. the USA has a single citizenship.
Answer: False
In simple words: The USA has dual citizenship, meaning a person can be a citizen of both the country and their specific state. This is different from India's system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between single and dual citizenship systems, noting which countries adopt which model.

 

Question 2. OCI cardholder has voting rights in India.
Answer: False
In simple words: People who have an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card do not have the right to vote in Indian elections. An OCI card gives many benefits, but not full political rights like voting.

🎯 Exam Tip: OCI cardholders enjoy many privileges similar to Indian citizens but do not have voting rights or the right to hold certain constitutional offices.

 

Question 3. Citizens of India can enjoy Fundamental Rights guaranteed by our constitution.
Answer: True
In simple words: All citizens in India are protected by the Fundamental Rights listed in the Constitution. These rights are very important for their freedom and well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: Fundamental Rights are a cornerstone of Indian democracy, providing essential protections to its citizens.

 

Question 4. Nationality can be change and citizenship can not be changed.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is incorrect. Nationality is usually based on birth and ancestry, which cannot be changed. However, citizenship is a legal status that can be changed, acquired, or lost.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between nationality (ethnic or origin-based identity) and citizenship (legal status with a state).

IV. Consider the Following Statements. Tick the Appropriate Answer:

 

Question 1. Indian Citizen of a person can be terminated if
(a) a person voluntarily acquires the citizenship of some other country.
(b) a person who has become a citizen through registration.
(c) the Government of India is satisfied that citizenship was obtained by fraud.
(d) a citizen who is by birth indulges in trade with an enemy country during the war.
a) I and II are correct.
b) I and III are correct
c) I, III, IV are correct.
d) I, II, III are correct.
Answer: (d) I, il, ill are correct.
In simple words: A person's Indian citizenship can end if they willingly become a citizen of another country, or if the government finds out they got citizenship dishonestly (by fraud). Also, a person who got citizenship through registration might lose it under certain conditions, though this option here is a bit unclear, but fits in the context of termination.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Citizenship Act of 1955 outlines three main ways citizenship can be lost: Renunciation (giving it up), Termination (automatic loss), and Deprivation (taken away by the government).

 

Question 2. Assertion: When Pondicherry becomes a part of India in 1962, the people who lived there became Indian citizens. Reason: It was done by one of the provisions of the Act of 1955 – by incorporation of Territory.
(a) R is the correct explanation of A
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is wrong but R is correct.
(d) Both A and R are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A
In simple words: The statement that people in Pondicherry became Indian citizens in 1962 is true. The reason for this is also true and correct: it happened because the Citizenship Act of 1955 allows people in new territories that become part of India to gain citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then check if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

V. Answer the Following in One or Two Sentences.

 

Question 1. Name the types of citizens
Answer: There are two main kinds of citizens: Natural citizens and Naturalised citizens.
1. Natural citizens are people who become citizens by birth.
2. Naturalised citizens are those who acquire citizenship through a legal process.
In simple words: Citizens are of two types: those born into citizenship (natural) and those who earn it later through legal steps (naturalised).

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to "name" types, listing them clearly and briefly defining each ensures full marks.

 

Question 2. What are the Rights that a citizen can enjoy in our country?
Answer: Citizens in our country enjoy several rights, including:
* Fundamental Rights, which are basic human rights protected by the Constitution.
* The right to vote in elections for the Lok Sabha (Parliament) and state Legislatures.
* The right to become a Member of Parliament and State Legislature.
In simple words: Indian citizens have basic rights like freedom of speech, the right to vote in national and state elections, and the chance to become a lawmaker. These rights help them take part in the country's governance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on distinguishing between fundamental rights (available to all citizens) and political rights (like voting and holding office, exclusive to citizens).

 

Question 3. Mention any three qualities of a good citizen.
Answer: Three qualities of a good citizen are:
1. Loyalty to the Constitution: They respect and uphold the country's basic laws.
2. Obeys laws: They follow all the rules and regulations of the land.
3. Contributes to society and community and performs civic duty: They actively participate in making their community better.
In simple words: A good citizen respects the country's laws, is loyal to the Constitution, and helps their community. Being responsible helps the whole country grow stronger.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing qualities, ensure each point is distinct and clearly explains a positive attribute of citizenship.

 

Question 4. Name the five ways of acquiring citizenship
Answer: The five ways to get Indian citizenship are:
* By Birth: Becoming a citizen because you were born in India.
* By Descent: Becoming a citizen because your parents or grandparents were Indian citizens.
* By Registration: Applying for citizenship after living in India for a certain period.
* By Naturalisation: Becoming a citizen after fulfilling specific conditions, usually after many years of residency.
* By incorporation of Territory: Becoming a citizen if the area you live in becomes part of India.
In simple words: You can become an Indian citizen by being born here, having Indian parents, applying after living here for a while, getting naturalized, or if your region becomes part of India. These are the main ways to legally join the nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing all five methods precisely is key, as this is a specific factual question from the Citizenship Act of 1955.

 

Question 5. What do you know about the citizenship Act of 1955?
Answer: The Citizenship Act of 1955 is a law that explains how to get and how to lose Indian citizenship. This important act lays down the legal framework for all matters related to Indian citizenship. It outlines five different ways that a person can acquire citizenship: by birth, by descent, by registration, by naturalization, and by the incorporation of new territory into India.
In simple words: The 1955 Citizenship Act is a law that tells us how to become an Indian citizen and also how to lose it. It lists five main ways to get citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing an Act, mention its primary purpose and the key provisions it covers, such as methods of acquisition and termination.

VI. Answer the Following.

 

Question 1. On what grounds that the citizenship of a person is cancelled?
Answer: A person's Indian citizenship can be cancelled on these grounds:
1. Renunciation: This is when a person willingly gives up their Indian citizenship after becoming a citizen of another country. It's a personal choice.
2. Termination: This happens automatically by law. If an Indian citizen freely becomes a citizen of another country, their Indian citizenship ends on its own.
3. Deprivation: This is a forced cancellation by the Government of India. It can happen if a person got citizenship by fraud, lied to get it, or showed disloyalty to the Constitution. The government can take citizenship away. These rules help maintain the integrity of national citizenship.
In simple words: Indian citizenship can be taken away if someone gives it up on their own, if they automatically lose it by becoming a citizen of another country, or if the government takes it away because of fraud or disloyalty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three "R.T.D." methods of losing citizenship: Renunciation (voluntary), Termination (automatic), and Deprivation (by government order).

I. Choose the Correct Answer.

 

Question 1. The word citizen is derived from the .................... word.
(a) English
(b) Greek
(c) Latin
(d) German
Answer: (c) Latin
In simple words: The word 'citizen' comes from Latin. This shows its ancient roots in how societies thought about membership in a community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the etymology of key terms helps in understanding their historical context and meaning.

 

Question 2. In 1962 .................... became a part of India
(a) Nepal
(b) Srilanka
(c) Pondicherry
(d) Bangladesh
Answer: (c) Pondicherry
In simple words: Pondicherry became part of India in 1962. Before this, it was a French colony.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical dates and events regarding territorial integration are often tested in civics and history.

 

Question 3. .................... country has dual citizenship.
(a) Canada
(b) Switzerland
(c) Australia
(d) the UK
Answer: (b) Switzerland
In simple words: Switzerland allows its citizens to also hold citizenship in another country. This means a person can be a citizen of Switzerland and another nation at the same time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware that different countries have different policies regarding dual citizenship; some allow it, while others do not.

 

Question 4. .................... are citizens by birth.
(a) Natural Citizens
(b) Naturalised citizens
(c) Artificial Citizens
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Natural Citizens
In simple words: People who get their citizenship because they were born in a particular country are called natural citizens. This is one of the most common ways to become a citizen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between citizens by birth (natural) and those who gain citizenship through a legal process (naturalized).

 

Question 5. The citizenship act of 1955 prescribes .................... ways of acquires citizenship.
(a) Three
(b) Five
(c) Seven
(d) Ten
Answer: (b) Five
In simple words: The 1955 Citizenship Act outlines five specific ways for people to gain citizenship in India. These methods cover different situations like birth, family ties, and living in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the exact number of methods for acquiring citizenship under the Act is a precise detail worth remembering.

 

Question 6. A person who has married a citizen in India and he is Ordinarily resident in India for .................... years.
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 4
Answer: (c) 7
In simple words: If a person marries an Indian citizen, they can apply for Indian citizenship through registration after living in India for seven years. This path allows spouses to become citizens over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific timeframes for residency or other conditions are important details in citizenship laws; pay attention to these numbers.

 

Question 7. An Indian citizen who is residing outside India is called as ....................
(a) NRI
(b) PIO
(c) OCI
(d) VRS
Answer: (a) NRI
In simple words: An Indian citizen living abroad is known as a Non-Resident Indian, or NRI. This term distinguishes them from those living within India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with common abbreviations like NRI, PIO, and OCI, and understand the distinctions between them.

 

Question 8. The Government of India issued the Citizenship order in ....................
(a) 1960
(b) 1961
(c) 1962
(d) 1965
Answer: (c) 1962
In simple words: The Indian government released the Citizenship Order in 1962. This order provided detailed rules and procedures for how the Citizenship Act of 1955 should be put into practice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates for significant government orders or acts are often tested, so note them carefully.

 

Question 9. .................... is granted to an individual by the government of the country.
(a) Nationality
(b) Citizenship
(c) Religionship
(d) Vetics
Answer: (b) Citizenship
In simple words: Citizenship is a legal status that a government gives to a person. It means they are officially a member of that country and have certain rights and duties.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that citizenship is a legal grant from the state, while nationality can sometimes refer to a broader cultural or ethnic belonging.

 

Question 10. .................... Amendment of our constitution a set of fundamental duties for all citizens.
(a) 38
(b) 40
(c) 41
(d) 42
Answer: (d) 42
In simple words: The 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution added a list of basic duties for all citizens. These duties remind people of their responsibilities to the nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 42nd Amendment is a very important amendment, often called a 'Mini Constitution' due to its extensive changes, including the addition of Fundamental Duties.

II. Fill in the Blanks.

 

Question 1. .................... is the study of government and duties of the citizens.
Answer: Civics
In simple words: Civics is the subject that teaches us about how the government works and what our duties are as citizens. It helps us understand our role in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Civics is crucial for understanding how societies are organized and the active role individuals play within them.

 

Question 2. .................... of a person cannot be changed.
Answer: Nationality
In simple words: A person's nationality, which is often tied to their birth and ethnic origin, usually cannot be changed. This is different from citizenship, which is a legal status that can be acquired or lost.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between nationality (often inherited and fixed) and citizenship (a legal status that can be altered).

 

Question 3. Indian Citizen Act passed in the year ....................
Answer: 1955
In simple words: The main law for Indian citizenship, called the Indian Citizenship Act, was put into effect in the year 1955. This act defines all the rules for becoming and ceasing to be an Indian citizen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the year of the Citizenship Act is fundamental for questions related to Indian citizenship.

 

Question 4. .................... of 1955 provides for the acquisition and termination of Indian citizenship.
Answer: Indian Citizenship Act
In simple words: The Indian Citizenship Act of 1955 is the law that explains how people can get Indian citizenship and also how they can lose it. It is the core legal document for citizenship matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Citizenship Act is a foundational legal document that every student of civics should know.

 

Question 5. The knowledge of 22 languages specified in the Schedule .................... of the constitution.
Answer: Eighth
In simple words: The Indian Constitution lists 22 official languages in its Eighth Schedule. This schedule recognizes the linguistic diversity of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Schedules of the Constitution contain important details not included in the main articles; learning them helps with comprehensive understanding.

 

Question 6. By a citizen of any country, renounce the citizenship of that country got ....................
Answer: Naturalisation
In simple words: When someone willingly gives up the citizenship of one country to become a citizen of another country, it is often part of a process called naturalization. Renouncing previous citizenship is often a requirement for naturalization in the new country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Naturalisation is a common path to citizenship for immigrants, often requiring them to forgo their previous national ties.

 

Question 7. Dual citizenship has given in ....................
Answer: USA
In simple words: The United States of America is one country that allows dual citizenship. This means a person can be a citizen of the US and another country at the same time.

🎯 Exam Tip: While India does not allow dual citizenship, many countries like the USA, UK, and Canada do, which is important to note.

 

Question 8. A foreign citizen of Indian origin getting .................... card.
Answer: Overseas Citizen of India
In simple words: A person of Indian origin who is a foreign citizen can get an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card. This card gives them many benefits, like easier travel and residency in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: The OCI card is a special document that provides long-term visa-free travel and other rights to people of Indian origin living abroad, without granting full Indian citizenship.

 

Question 9. The arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India from South Africa on ....................
Answer: January 5
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. This event is very important in Indian history. Historically, the date is commemorated on January 9th.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mahatma Gandhi's return from South Africa marked a crucial turning point, leading to his active involvement in India's freedom struggle. His return is officially celebrated on January 9th as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.

 

Question 10. Overseas Indian's Day is celebrated on ....................
Answer: January 9
In simple words: Overseas Indian's Day, also known as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, is celebrated on January 9th. This day honors the contributions of Indians living abroad to their home country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (January 9) marks the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa, symbolizing the connection of overseas Indians to their roots.

III. State True or False:

 

Question 1. Overseas Indian's Day is celebrated on the 1st of January.
Answer: False
In simple words: Overseas Indian's Day is actually celebrated on January 9th, not January 1st. It marks Mahatma Gandhi's return to India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with dates for national and international commemorative days, as they are often distinguished by a single day.

 

Question 2. Nationality of a person cannot be changed but citizenship can be changed.
Answer: True
In simple words: Your nationality, which is often tied to your birth or heritage, usually stays the same. But your citizenship, which is your legal status in a country, can be gained or lost through various legal processes.

🎯 Exam Tip: This statement correctly highlights the fundamental difference between nationality (often inherent and unchangeable) and citizenship (a legal status that can change).

 

Question 3. A Naturalised citizenship granted to a person if he is not a citizen of any country.
Answer: True
In simple words: Naturalized citizenship is given to someone who was not a citizen of the country by birth. They gain this status after fulfilling certain legal requirements, often including giving up any prior citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Naturalization is a key process for immigrants to become full citizens, usually involving a period of residency and other conditions.

 

Question 4. India will get citizenship by Registration.
Answer: False
In simple words: India is a country, and countries do not "get" citizenship. People get citizenship. This statement is grammatically incorrect and makes no sense in the context of citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read true/false statements to identify any logical or grammatical inconsistencies that might make them inherently false.

IV. Consider the Following Statements. Tick the Appropriate Answer:

 

Question 1.
1. The Constitution of India Prescribes three ways of losing citizenship.
2. Part III of the Constitution of India Prescribes loss of citizenship.
3. A person can change Nationality.
4. A person cannot change citizenship.
Answer: (1) The Constitution of India Prescribes three ways of losing citizenship
In simple words: The Indian Constitution describes three main ways a person can lose their citizenship: by giving it up willingly (renunciation), by automatically losing it (termination), or by the government taking it away (deprivation). This statement is correct according to the law.

🎯 Exam Tip: For statements about constitutional provisions, ensure the facts are accurate regarding specific parts or number of methods mentioned.

V. Answer the Following.

 

Question 1. What is citizenship?
Answer: Citizenship is the legal status given to individuals by a country. This status gives them the right to live legally in that country for as long as they want. It also includes other rights like voting and access to public services. Citizenship establishes a formal bond between an individual and a state.
In simple words: Citizenship is a legal status that lets a person live in a country legally and enjoy certain rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define citizenship by highlighting its two key aspects: legal status and the rights and responsibilities it grants.

 

Question 2. What is Nationality?
Answer: Nationality is the status of belonging to a specific nation, typically by birth or origin. It often relates to a person's ethnic and racial background. Unlike citizenship, a person's nationality is usually fixed and cannot be changed. Nationality often represents a cultural or ethnic identity, while citizenship is a legal bond.
In simple words: Nationality is about belonging to a nation, usually based on where you were born or your family. You cannot usually change your nationality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate nationality from citizenship by focusing on its origin-based and often unchangeable nature, contrasting with citizenship's legal and alterable status.

 

Question 3. Explain the Single Citizenship of India.
Answer: In India, we have a system of single citizenship. This means that all citizens, no matter which state they are born in or live in, enjoy the same political and civil rights as citizens of India across the entire country. They are only citizens of India, not of their individual states. This system promotes unity and equality among all Indians.
In simple words: Single citizenship in India means everyone is just an Indian citizen, no matter which state they are from. Everyone has the same rights across the whole country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that single citizenship ensures national unity and prevents discrimination based on state of origin, which is a core feature of the Indian Constitution.

 

Question 4. Person of Indian Origin – Explain.
Answer: A Person of Indian Origin (PIO) refers to someone whose ancestors were Indian nationals. These individuals might currently hold citizenship of another country, but they are not citizens of countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Afghanistan, China, or Nepal. The PIO scheme was stopped on 09-01-2015, and most PIO cardholders were later converted to OCI cardholders.
In simple words: A PIO is a person living in another country whose family came from India. They cannot be from certain nearby countries. The PIO card program ended in January 2015.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish PIOs from NRIs and OCIs, noting that the PIO card scheme has been discontinued and merged with OCI.

 

Question 5. Explain Global Citizenship.
Answer: Global citizenship is a way of thinking that suggests everyone, no matter where they live, is part of a larger worldwide community. Instead of only seeing themselves as citizens of one nation, global citizens feel connected to the whole world. This idea promotes the belief that all people have rights and civic responsibilities towards each other and the planet.
In simple words: Global citizenship means feeling like you belong to the whole world, not just your country. It means everyone has rights and duties to each other and the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Global citizenship encourages a broader perspective on responsibilities and rights, extending beyond national borders to address global challenges.

 

Question 6. Explain – Overseas Indian's Day.
Answer: Overseas Indian's Day, also known as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD), is an event sponsored by India's Ministry of External Affairs. It is celebrated every two years to highlight the positive contributions of the Overseas Indian Community to India's development. This day, observed on January 9th, commemorates the return of Mahatma Gandhi to India from South Africa in 1915, symbolizing the strong connection of overseas Indians to their homeland.
In simple words: Overseas Indian's Day (Pravasi Bharatiya Divas) is celebrated every two years on January 9th. It remembers when Mahatma Gandhi came back to India and honors all Indians living abroad for their help in developing India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the date (January 9), its purpose (recognizing diaspora contributions), and the historical event it commemorates (Gandhi's return).

VI. Answer the Following.

 

Question 1. Explain the Acquisition of citizenship by Descent.
Answer: Citizenship by descent means becoming an Indian citizen based on your parents' nationality, even if you were born outside India. Here are the rules:
* If a person was born in India on or after January 26, 1950, but before July 1, 1987, they are an Indian citizen by birth, no matter what their parents' nationality was.
* A person born in India on or after July 1, 1987, is an Indian citizen only if at least one of their parents was an Indian citizen at the time of their birth.
* Those born in India on or after December 3, 2004, are considered citizens if one parent is an Indian citizen and the other parent is not an illegal migrant at the time of their birth. This ensures that children born to Indian parents abroad can still be citizens, reinforcing the importance of family ties in citizenship.
In simple words: You get citizenship by descent if your parents are Indian, even if you are born outside India. The rules changed over time, but generally, one or both parents must be Indian citizens for you to get citizenship this way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the specific dates and conditions for citizenship by descent, as the rules have been amended over time to prevent misuse.

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