Samacheer Kalvi Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science From Trade To Territory Text Book Back Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. The ruler of Bengal in 1757 was .......................... .
(a) Shuja-ud-daulah
(b) Siraj-ud-daulah
(c) Mir Qasim
(d) Tipu Sultan
Answer: (b) Siraj-ud-daulah
In simple words: Siraj-ud-daulah was the leader of Bengal in the year 1757.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures and their roles, especially during significant historical events like the Battle of Plassey.

Question 2. The Battle of Plassey was fought in ..........................
(a) 1757
(b) 1764
(c) 1765
(d) 1775
Answer: (a) 1757
In simple words: The big fight known as the Battle of Plassey happened in 1757. This battle changed a lot of things in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing important dates for battles is crucial; linking them to other events helps with recall.

Question 3. Which among the following treaty was signed after Battle of Buxar?
(a) Treaty of Allahabad
(b) Treaty of Carnatic
(c) Treaty of Alinagar
(d) Treaty of Paris
Answer: (a) Treaty of Allahabad
In simple words: After the Battle of Buxar, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed to settle things. It was a very important agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate treaties with the battles or wars they concluded, as this helps understand their significance.

Question 4. The Treaty of Pondichery brought the .......................... Carnatic war to an end.
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) None
Answer: (b) Second
In simple words: The Second Carnatic War finished with the signing of the Treaty of Pondicherry. This helped bring peace after the fighting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to which treaty ended which specific Carnatic War, as there were several.

Question 5. When did Hyder Ali crown on the throne of Mysore?
(a) 1756
(b) 1761
(c) 1763
(d) 1764
Answer: (b) 1761
In simple words: Hyder Ali became the ruler of Mysore in the year 1761. He was a very strong and important leader.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of coronations or key events for important rulers are often asked, so learn them well.

Question 6. Treaty of Mangalore was signed between ..........................
(a) The French and Tipu Sultan
(b) Hyder Ali and Zamorin of Calicut
(c) The British and Tippu Sultan
(d) Tipu Sultan and Marathas
Answer: (c) The British and Tippu Sultan
In simple words: The Treaty of Mangalore was an agreement made between the British and Tipu Sultan. This treaty was signed after the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always know the parties involved in significant treaties and the context (which war it followed).

Question 7. Who was the British Governor General during Third Anglo-Mysore War?
(a) Robert Clive
(b) Warren Hastings
(c) Lord Cornwallis
(d) Lord Wellesley
Answer: (c) Lord Cornwallis
In simple words: Lord Cornwallis was the British Governor General when the Third Anglo-Mysore War took place. He played a big role in that war.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to remember which Governor-General was in charge during major conflicts or policy implementations.

Question 8. Who signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British?
(a) Bajirao II
(b) Daulat Rao Scindia
(c) Sambhaji Bhonsle
(d) Sayyaji Rao Gaekwad
Answer: (a) Bajirao II
In simple words: Bajirao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British. This agreement had a big impact on the Maratha Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the main signatories of treaties, as they represent the key powers involved.

Question 9. Who was the last Peshwa of Maratha empire?
(a) Balaji Vishwanath
(b) Baji Rao II
(c) Balaji Baji Rao
(d) BajiRao
Answer: (b) Baji Rao II
In simple words: Baji Rao II was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. His time marked the end of their rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the last (or first) significant figures in a dynasty or office is a common question type.

Question 10. Who was the first Indian state to join the subsidiary Alliance?
(a) Awadh
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Udaipur
(d) Gwalior
Answer: (b) Hyderabad
In simple words: Hyderabad was the first Indian state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance. This system was introduced by the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify and remember the first and last states to adopt major British policies like the Subsidiary Alliance.

II. Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1. The Treaty of Alinagar was signed in ..........................
Answer: 1756
In simple words: The Treaty of Alinagar was signed in the year 1756. This treaty was important for Calcutta.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates for treaties are often important for fill-in-the-blanks; ensure you know them precisely.

Question 2. The commander in Chief of Sirajuddaulah was ..........................
Answer: Mir Jafer
In simple words: Mir Jafar was the head commander of Siraj-ud-daulah's army. He played a key role in the Battle of Plassey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key individuals and their positions is vital, especially when they influenced major historical outcomes.

Question 3. The main cause for the Second Carnatic war was ..........................
Answer: War of Succession
In simple words: The Second Carnatic War mainly happened because of arguments over who should be the next ruler in different places. This fighting for power caused the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the root causes of major wars, as they often explain the actions of the participants.

Question 4. .......................... adopted the policy of Doctrine of Lapse to extend the British Empire in India.
Answer: Dalhousie
In simple words: Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse policy. He used this policy to take over more Indian states for the British Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate important policies with the Governor-General who introduced them.

Question 5. Tipu Sultan was finally defeated at the hands of ..........................
Answer: Cord Wellesley
In simple words: Tipu Sultan was eventually defeated by the forces led by Cord Wellesley. This battle ended Tipu Sultan's rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing who defeated whom in key battles is essential for understanding power shifts.

Question 6. After the death of Tipu Sultan Mysore was handed over to ..........................
Answer: British
In simple words: After Tipu Sultan died, the region of Mysore was taken over by the British. This added to their control in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the immediate consequences of major events, like the fate of kingdoms after their rulers' deaths.

Question 7. In 1800, .......................... established a college at Fort William in Calcutta.
Answer: Lord Wellesley
In simple words: Lord Wellesley set up a college at Fort William in Calcutta in 1800. This college was for training British civil servants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key administrative and educational initiatives taken by British officials and their reasons.

III. Match The Following:

Answer:
1. Treaty of Aix – la – Chapelle - The First Carnatic War
2. Treaty of Salbai - The First Maratha War
3. Treaty of Paris - The Third Carnatic War
4. Treaty of Srirangapatnam - The Third Anglo Mysore War
5. Treaty of Madras - The First Anglo Mysore War
In simple words: This matching exercise connects different treaties with the wars they ended. For example, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle concluded the First Carnatic War, and the Treaty of Salbai ended the First Maratha War.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, clearly understand which treaty concluded which war or significant event. It's helpful to draw lines or make a list for clarity.

IV. State True Or False:

Question 1. After the death of Alivardi Khan, Siraj-ud-daulah ascended the throne of Bengal.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, it is true that Siraj-ud-daulah became the ruler of Bengal after Alivardi Khan died. This event led to many changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verify the succession order for important rulers, especially when it involves key transitions in power.

Question 2. Hector Munro, led the British forces in the battle of Plassey.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false. Robert Clive was the British leader in the Battle of Plassey, not Hector Munro. Hector Munro led the British forces in the Battle of Buxar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the commanders of different battles; confusing them is a common mistake.

Question 3. The outbreak of the Austrian war of succession in Europe was led to Second Carnatic War in India.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false. The Austrian War of Succession in Europe actually led to the First Carnatic War in India, not the Second. These European conflicts often had effects in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember which European conflicts triggered which Carnatic Wars in India to avoid confusion.

Question 4. Sir Elijah Impey was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at Fort William in Bengal.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, it is true that Sir Elijah Impey was the very first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Fort William, Bengal. This was an important legal position.

🎯 Exam Tip: Firsts in history, especially in institutional roles like Chief Justice, are important facts to remember.

Question 5. The Police system was created by Lord Cornwallis.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, it is true that Lord Cornwallis established the modern police system in India. He wanted to bring law and order.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link major administrative reforms, like the police system, to the British Governor-General responsible for them.

V. Which One Of The Following Is Correctly Matched?

Question 1. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
1. Battle of Adayar – 1748
2. Battle of Ambur – 1754
3. Battle of Wandiwash – 1760
4. Battle of Arcot – 1749
Answer: 3. Battle of Wandiwash -1760
In simple words: Among the choices, the Battle of Wandiwash is correctly matched with the year 1760. This was a crucial battle fought during the Third Carnatic War.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching events and dates, double-check each option carefully. Focus on precise date accuracy.

VI. Answer The Following In One Or Two Sentences:

Question 1. Write a short note on Black Hole Tragedy.
Answer: The Black Hole Tragedy happened in a small, dark prison room inside Fort William in Calcutta. Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah's soldiers kept 146 British prisoners of war in this room for one night. The next morning, when the door was opened, 123 of the prisoners were found dead because they could not breathe properly. This tragic event caused a great outrage among the British.
In simple words: The Black Hole Tragedy was when many British prisoners died in a tiny room in Calcutta because there wasn't enough air. This happened after the Nawab's army captured Fort William.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the key details: location (Fort William, Calcutta), parties involved (Nawab, British prisoners), and the cause of death (suffocation) for a complete answer.

Question 2. What were the benefits derived by the English after the Battle of Plassey?
Answer: After the Battle of Plassey, the British East India Company gained a lot of wealth from Bengal. They also received important trading rights in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, along with control over 24 Parganas. This victory established the British as a strong political power in India, setting the stage for their future rule. The Battle of Plassey truly started British rule in India for the next two hundred years.
In simple words: After the Battle of Plassey, the English got a lot of money and special trading rights in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This battle helped the British start their long rule over India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on both the economic (wealth, trade rights) and political (initiation of rule, territorial control) benefits gained by the English.

Question 3. Mention the causes of the Battle of Buxar.
Answer: The main cause of the Battle of Buxar was Mir Qasim, the son-in-law of the Nawab of Bengal, revolting against the British. He was very angry because the British misused their 'free duty passes' (called 'de stakes'). This misuse caused losses to his own traders and treasury. The British's unfair trade practices led to this major conflict.
In simple words: The Battle of Buxar happened because Mir Qasim was angry that the British misused their free trade passes. This hurt his own business and made him fight them.

🎯 Exam Tip: The misuse of trade privileges by the British is a central point for explaining the Battle of Buxar's causes.

Question 4. What were the causes of the First Mysore War?
Answer: The First Mysore War happened because Haider Ali, the ruler of Mysore, had strong friendships with the French. This alliance worried the English East India Company greatly. The British saw the growing French influence through Haider Ali as a threat to their own power and trade interests in India. This tension ultimately led to the outbreak of war.
In simple words: The First Mysore War started because the British did not like Haider Ali's friendship with the French. They saw it as a danger to their own power in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing causes of wars, highlight the conflicting interests and alliances between the involved powers.

Question 5. Bring out the results of the Third Maratha War.
Answer: The Third Maratha War had several important outcomes:
1. The Maratha confederacy, which was a group of Maratha states, was broken up, and the position of Peshwa (the chief minister) was removed.
2. Most of the lands belonging to Peshwa Baji Rao II were taken over and became part of the Bombay Presidency.
3. The defeat of the Bhonsle and Holkar rulers meant that the British also took over the Maratha kingdoms of Nagpur and Indore.
4. Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa, was given an annual pension of 8 lakh rupees and sent away. These results greatly increased British control over India.
In simple words: The Third Maratha War ended the Maratha power. Their confederacy was broken, and the British took over many Maratha lands, including those of the Peshwa and other rulers. The last Peshwa was given money and sent away.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing results, ensure to cover the political (dissolution of confederacy, abolition of Peshwaship), territorial (annexation of lands), and personal (fate of Baji Rao II) consequences.

Question 6. Name the states signed into Subsidiary Alliance.
Answer: Several states signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British:
• Hyderabad was the first state to join the alliance.
• Other states that followed included Tanjore, Awadh, Peshwa, Bhonsle, Gwalior, Indore, Jaipur, Udaipur, and Jodhpur. This alliance placed these states under British influence and protection.
In simple words: States like Hyderabad, Tanjore, Awadh, and others joined the Subsidiary Alliance. This meant they agreed to let the British protect them in exchange for certain conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is important to remember Hyderabad as the first state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance and to be able to list a few other prominent states that followed.

VII. Answer The Following In Detail:

Question 1. Write an essay on the Second Carnatic War.
Answer: In the 18th century, three Carnatic Wars took place in India, mainly between various Indian rulers, and the British and French East India Companies. These wars were a struggle for control and influence.

The Second Carnatic War (1749-1754)
The main reason for this war was the issue of who would succeed to the thrones in Carnatic and Hyderabad. Anwaruddin Khan and Chanda Sahib were both claiming the throne of Carnatic. Nasir Jang and Muzaffar Jang were fighting for the throne of Hyderabad.

The French sided with Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jang. Their goal was to protect and expand their influence in the entire Deccan region. The British, on the other hand, supported the other claimants to protect their own interests.

Battle of Ambur (1749):
1. Eventually, Dupleix (French leader), Chanda Sahib, and Muzaffar Jang formed a strong alliance. They defeated and killed Anwar-ud-din Khan, who was the Nawab of Carnatic, in the Battle of Ambur.
2. Muhammad Ali, Anwar-ud-din's son, managed to escape to Trichinopoly.
3. After this victory, Chanda Sahib became the new Nawab of Carnatic and rewarded the French with 80 villages around Pondicherry.
4. In the Deccan, the French also defeated and killed Nasir Jang. They then made Muzaffar Jang the Nizam (ruler) of Hyderabad.
5. The new Nizam gave many rewards to the French for their help.
6. Dupleix was appointed as the governor for all French territories south of the Krishna River. However, Muzaffar Jang was later killed by his own people.
7. After Muzaffar Jang's death, Salabat Jang, Nasir Jang's brother, was placed on the throne by Bussy (a French general).
8. Salabat Jang granted the Northern Circars region to the French.
9. At this time, Dupleix's power reached its highest point.

Battle of Arcot (1751):
1. While these events were happening, Dupleix sent his forces to surround the fort of Trichy.
2. Chanda Sahib also joined the French in trying to capture Trichy.
3. Robert Clive, a British officer, proposed a plan to the British governor, Saunders. With only 200 English and 300 Indian soldiers, Clive was given the task of capturing Arcot. His attack was successful. Robert Clive's bold move helped turn the tide.
4. Robert Clive then defeated the French at Ami and Kaveripak. With help from Lawrence, Chanda Sahib was killed in Trichy. Muhammad Ali was made the Nawab of Arcot under British protection. Because of these setbacks, the French Government called Dupleix back to Paris.

Treaty of Pondicherry (1755):
1. Godeheu replaced Dupleix as the French leader. He signed the Treaty of Pondicherry. According to this treaty, both the British and French agreed not to interfere in the internal matters of the Indian states. They were allowed to keep their old positions and agreed not to build new forts. This treaty made the British stronger.
2. The Second Carnatic War did not lead to a clear winner but showed the British were better on land. Mohammad Ali was appointed as the Nawab of Carnatic. Even though the French were still powerful in Hyderabad, their main influence in the Deccan peninsula was weakened by this war.
In simple words: The Second Carnatic War was a fight for power in Carnatic and Hyderabad, with the British and French supporting different Indian rulers. Key battles like Ambur and Arcot took place. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, which weakened French power and made the British stronger in the Deccan region.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing an essay, structure your answer with an introduction, main causes, important battles/events, and a conclusion (treaty and outcome). Clearly separating sections like "Battle of Ambur" and "Battle of Arcot" helps.

Question 2. Give an account of the Fourth Anglo Mysore war.
Answer: Fourth Anglo – Mysore War (1799):
Tipu Sultan had not forgotten the harsh Treaty of Srirangapatnam that Lord Cornwallis forced upon him in 1790. This fueled his desire for revenge and led to the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.

Causes:
• Tipu Sultan sought assistance from countries like Arabia, Turkey, Afghanistan, and the French to counter the British.
• He was in contact with Napoleon Bonaparte, who had invaded Egypt at that time, showing his efforts to form alliances against the British.
• French officers came to Srirangapatnam and established the Jacobin club, a political organization, and planted a 'Tree of Liberty', symbolizing revolutionary ideas.

Course:
• In 1799, Lord Wellesley declared war against Tipu Sultan.
• The British military campaign was well-planned and executed.
• Tipu was forced to retreat to his capital, Srirangapatnam.
• On May 4, 1799, Srirangapatnam was captured by the British.
• Tipu Sultan fought bravely but was ultimately killed during the defense of his capital. His courage in battle is remembered.
• By the end of the war, the entire region of Mysore came under the control of the British.

Result:
• The British took control of several areas including Kanara, Wynad, Coimbatore, Darapuram, and Srirangapatnam.
• Krishna Raja Odayar was placed on the throne of Mysore.
• Tipu Sultan's family was moved to the Vellore fort.
In simple words: The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War happened because Tipu Sultan wanted revenge after a harsh treaty and sought help from other nations. Lord Wellesley declared war in 1799, captured Srirangapatnam, and killed Tipu Sultan. As a result, the British took over many of Mysore's lands and placed a new ruler on the throne.

🎯 Exam Tip: Organize detailed answers by using sub-headings like "Causes," "Course," and "Result" to make the information clear and easy to follow. Highlight Tipu Sultan's efforts for alliances and his ultimate fate.

Question 3. Describe the policy adopted by Lord Dalhousie to expand the British empire in India.
Answer: Lord Dalhousie, a key architect of the British Empire in India, was a strong imperialist. He introduced a new policy known as the Doctrine of Lapse to expand British control.

The Doctrine of Lapse:
1. This policy was based on a prior rule established in 1848. It stated that if an Indian ruler adopted a child without the British East India Company's permission, the adopted son would only inherit the ruler's personal property, not the kingdom. The kingdom would then go directly to the British paramount power. This principle essentially denied the right of adopted heirs to rule if not approved by the British.
2. Dalhousie used this rule to annex states where rulers died without a natural male heir or where an adoption was not approved by the Company.
3. This policy was strongly opposed by Indians and became one of the main reasons for the Great Revolt of 1857. It fueled widespread resentment against British rule.
In simple words: Lord Dalhousie used the Doctrine of Lapse policy to take over Indian states. If a ruler died without a natural male heir and hadn't gotten British permission for adoption, their kingdom would become part of the British Empire. This policy angered many and helped cause the Revolt of 1857.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the Doctrine of Lapse, explain how it was applied (annexation of states without approved heirs), and mention its significant consequence (contributing to the 1857 Revolt).

Question 4. How did Lord Wellesley expand the British power in India?
Answer: Lord Wellesley expanded British power in India mainly through the Subsidiary Alliance system.
• Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance. This system brought many princely states under the indirect control of the British.
• States that joined the alliance were called 'protected states', and the British became the 'Paramount Power', promising to keep peace within these states. This often meant removing the state's own army.

Main features of the Subsidiary Alliance:
• Any Indian ruler who entered this alliance had to disband their own armed forces and instead accept and pay for British forces stationed in their territory.
• They also had to remove all non-English Europeans from their state.
• In return, the British promised to defend the state from both internal problems and external attacks. This system allowed the British to control states without directly annexing them, expanding their influence and military presence across India.
In simple words: Lord Wellesley used the Subsidiary Alliance system to make British power bigger. Indian states had to give up their armies, accept British protection, and pay for British soldiers. In return, the British would defend them, but this made the states dependent on British power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on explaining the Subsidiary Alliance as Wellesley's key tool for expansion, describing its core features and the strategic advantage it gave the British.

VIII. HOTS

Question 1. Explain the causes of the success of the English in India.
Answer: The English succeeded in India due to several important factors:

1. Lack of unity among Indian States: Even though there were powerful kings ruling Punjab, Mysore, and the Maratha region, they often lacked unity and fought among themselves for various reasons. They did not realize the danger posed by the East India Company. This disunity allowed the British to conquer them one by one.

2. Greater Naval Power: The British arrived in India by sea and built a strong naval presence in the Indian Ocean. There was no strong Indian naval power to challenge them, which gave the British a key advantage in controlling trade routes and troop movements.

3. Development of textile: By the start of the 19th century, English-made cotton textiles became very popular. They successfully replaced traditional Indian goods in many markets. This economic strength supported British military and political expansion.

4. Scientific division of labour: The British promoted modern science and organized work in a way that helped their colonial interests. This efficient system in production and governance gave them an edge.

5. Economic prosperity: The British East India Company had enough money to pay its shareholders. This wealth gave them the financial power to fund their wars in India. Their strong economy allowed them to sustain long military campaigns.
In simple words: The English won in India because Indian states fought among themselves and lacked unity. The British also had a very strong navy, better textile production, organized labor methods, and enough money to pay for their wars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a balanced explanation covering both internal weaknesses of Indian states (lack of unity) and external strengths of the British (naval power, economic advantage, organized systems).

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science From Trade To Territory Additional Important Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. The Black Hole tragedy held in the year ..........................
(a) 1756
(b) 1757
(c) 1764
(d) 1758
Answer: (a) 1756
In simple words: The Black Hole tragedy, where many prisoners died, happened in the year 1756. This was a sad event in Calcutta.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately recall the year of the Black Hole Tragedy, as it's a significant event often tested.

Question 2. Dual system of Government started in Bengal by ..........................
(a) Robert Clive
(b) Dupleix
(c) Sir. Eyre Coote
(d) General Joseph Smith.
Answer: (a) Robert Clive
In simple words: The Dual System of Government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive. This system shared power between the Company and the Nawab.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the Dual System of Government with Robert Clive, who implemented this administrative structure.

Question 3. Indian Government Act introduced in the year ..........................
(a) 1947
(b) 1950
(c) 1935
(d) 193a
Answer: (c) 1935
In simple words: The important Indian Government Act was introduced in the year 1935. This act brought major changes to how India was governed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year 1935 for the Government of India Act, as it was a landmark legislation before independence.

Question 4. The police system was created in India by ..........................
(a) Robert Clive
(b) Warren Hastings
(c) Sir. Eyre Coote Lord
(d) Cornwallis
Answer: (d) Cornwallis
In simple words: Lord Cornwallis set up the police system in India. He wanted to ensure better law and order across the land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Attribute the creation of the police system to Lord Cornwallis, a key administrative reformer.

Question 5. The police system established in India as a regular police force in ..........................
(a) 1790
(b) 1791
(c) 1792
(d) 1793
Answer: (b) 1791
In simple words: A proper police force was set up in India in the year 1791. This was part of making the administration stronger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specific year (1791) when the police system was formally established as a regular force in India.

Question 6. The hereditary village police was ............
(a) Chowkidars
(b) pabel
(c) Jamindhars
(d) diwans
Answer: (a) Chowkidars
In simple words: Village police who inherited their job were known as Chowkidars. These traditional watchmen helped maintain law and order.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to identify specific terms for administrative roles like 'Chowkidars' when describing historical governance structures.

Question 7. The 'Daroka' system was extended to Madras in ............
(a) 1801
(b) 1802
(c) 1803
(d) 1805
Answer: (b) 1802
In simple words: The 'Daroga' police system reached Madras in 1802. This system aimed to create a more organized police structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note key dates associated with the expansion of British administrative systems like the 'Daroga' system.

Question 8. The Diwani system was ............
(a) Temple in charge
(b) Building in charge
(c) Tax collection
(d) Kuthagai
Answer: (c) Tax collection
In simple words: The Diwani system was about collecting taxes, especially land revenue. This power gave the British East India Company a lot of money and influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that 'Diwani' specifically refers to the right to collect revenue and administer civil justice, which was crucial for British financial control.

Question 9. Who transformed the British Empire in India into the British empire of India?
(a) Robert clive
(b) Hartings
(c) Wellesley
(d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer: (c) Wellesley
In simple words: Lord Wellesley changed the British presence in India into an empire. He introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system, which brought many Indian states under British control.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Lord Wellesley with the Subsidiary Alliance system and the aggressive expansion of British power, which transformed their role from traders to rulers.

Question 10. Indian High Court Act introduced in the year ............
(a) 1855
(b) 1857
(c) 1860
(d) 1861
Answer: (d) 1861
In simple words: The Indian High Courts Act, which set up High Courts, came in 1861. This act helped improve the judicial system in British India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific year 1861 for the Indian High Courts Act, as it's a significant date in judicial reforms.

Question 1. The Black Hole tragedy led by ............
Answer: Siraj-ud-daulah
In simple words: Siraj-ud-daulah was responsible for the Black Hole tragedy. This event involved British prisoners being held in a small dungeon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly spell the names of historical figures and key events. The Black Hole tragedy was a major incident that intensified British-Nawab conflict.

Question 2. After the Battle of ............ the company was granted an undisputed visit to have free trade.
Answer: Plassey
In simple words: The company got free trade rights after the Battle of Plassey. This victory greatly boosted the East India Company's economic power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the direct link between the Battle of Plassey and the granting of free trade rights, which was a significant economic advantage for the British.

Question 3. The treaty of ............ signed at the end of the Battle of Buxar.
Answer: Allahabad
In simple words: The Treaty of Allahabad was signed after the Battle of Buxar. This treaty gave the British important revenue collection rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always connect treaties to the specific battles they resolved, such as the Treaty of Allahabad with the Battle of Buxar.

Question 4. The treaty of Allahabad signed in the year ............
Answer: 1765
In simple words: The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765. This agreement solidified British control over a large part of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the year of key treaties helps in understanding the timeline of British expansion in India.

Question 5. The Battle of Adayar held in the year ............
Answer: 1746
In simple words: The Battle of Adayar happened in 1746. This battle was part of the First Carnatic War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the dates of major battles to place them correctly in the historical context of the Carnatic Wars.

Question 6. In Europe ..................., were opposite camps.
Answer: English, French
In simple words: The English and French were rivals in Europe. Their conflicts often spread to their colonies, including India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that European rivalries, especially between the English and French, significantly influenced colonial conflicts in India.

Question 7. The treaty of Aix-la-Chapple was signed at the end of ............
Answer: First Carnatic war
In simple words: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the First Carnatic War. This treaty temporarily brought peace between the British and French in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly link each major treaty to the specific war it concluded to show full understanding.

Question 8. ............ was called a Hero of Arcot.
Answer: Robert Clive
In simple words: Robert Clive was called the Hero of Arcot. His successful defense of Arcot against a larger force greatly boosted British morale.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key figures with their famous titles or achievements, like Robert Clive and the 'Hero of Arcot'.

Question 9. Treaty of Pondicherry was signed in the year ............
Answer: 1755
In simple words: The Treaty of Pondicherry was signed in 1755. This treaty aimed to bring peace during the Second Carnatic War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the dates of significant treaties to accurately sequence historical events.

Question 10. The British General ............ defeated Haider Ali.
Answer: Sir Eyre Coote
In simple words: General Sir Eyre Coote defeated Haider Ali. His military skills played a vital role in British victories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the names of military leaders and their opponents in Anglo-Mysore Wars.

Question 11. ............ was signed between Lord Cornwallis and Tipu Sultan.
Answer: Treaty of Srirangapatnam
In simple words: Lord Cornwallis and Tipu Sultan signed the Treaty of Srirangapatnam. This treaty concluded the Third Anglo-Mysore War and greatly weakened Tipu Sultan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Treaty of Srirangapatnam with its key signatories and its outcome (Tipu Sultan's territorial losses).

Question 12. The french officers founded a ............ club in Srirangapatnam.
Answer: Jacobin
In simple words: French officers started a Jacobin club in Srirangapatnam. This showed French revolutionary ideas and influence in Tipu Sultan's court.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the Jacobin club as an example of French influence and revolutionary ideals in India.

Question 13. ............ was signed at the end of the first Anglo- Maratha war.
Answer: The treaty of Saibai
In simple words: The Treaty of Salbai ended the First Anglo-Maratha War. This treaty established peace between the British and Marathas for two decades.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you accurately name the treaty that ended the First Anglo-Maratha War (Treaty of Salbai).

Question 14. BajiRao II made the treaty of ............ with Lord Wellesley.
Answer: Bassein
In simple words: Baji Rao II made the Treaty of Bassein with Lord Wellesley. This treaty brought the Peshwa under British protection and control.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the Treaty of Bassein as a crucial Subsidiary Alliance that greatly increased British influence over the Maratha Confederacy.

Question 15. The Indian Civil service Act passed in the year ............
Answer: 1861
In simple words: The Indian Civil Service Act was passed in 1861. This act created a proper system for recruiting and managing administrators in British India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately recall the year 1861 for the Indian Civil Service Act, which professionalized colonial administration.

Question. Match the following.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Create a mental timeline of treaties and their associated years. This helps in understanding the chronological development of British influence.

Question 1. After tha Battle of Plassey Siraj-ud-daulah was the Nawab of Bengal.
Answer: False
In simple words: False. Mir Jafar became Nawab after the Battle of Plassey. He was installed by the British after Siraj-ud-daulah's defeat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with sequence of events; Mir Jafar succeeded Siraj-ud-daulah after Plassey.

Question 2. Dupleix as the governor of all the territories south of the river Krishna.
Answer: True
In simple words: True. Dupleix was made governor of all land south of the Krishna river. This showed the wide influence the French had gained.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize Dupleix's significant territorial control and ambition in South India as a key aspect of French power.

Question 3. Count de Lally was deputed from France to conduct the third Carnatic War.
Answer: True
In simple words: True. Count de Lally was sent from France to lead the Third Carnatic War. He was a crucial leader in the French efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key military commanders sent from Europe to lead forces during the Carnatic Wars.

Question 4. The Indian Civil Service Act passed in the year 1857
Answer: False
In simple words: False. The Indian Civil Service Act was passed in 1861. This act formalized the civil administration under British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the year of the Indian Mutiny (1857) and the Indian Civil Service Act (1861).

Question 5. In 1870 Surendra Nath Banerjee became successful in the I.C.S examination.
Answer: True
In simple words: True. Surendra Nath Banerjee passed the ICS exam in 1870. He was among the first Indians to join this important service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important Indian personalities who achieved success in British administrative services, like Surendra Nath Banerjee.

Question. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) 1. Treaty of Allahabad – 1757
2. Treaty of Srirangapatinam – 1765
3. Treaty of Ali Nagar – 1792
4. Treaty of Bassein – 1802
Answer: (4) Treaty of Bassein – 1802
In simple words: The Treaty of Bassein and the year 1802 are correctly matched. This treaty brought the Maratha Peshwa under British influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific years associated with treaties to identify correct matches, as many historical events are closely dated.

Question. Choose the correct statement:
(a) Sir. Thiruvarar Muthusamy Iyyar was the first Indian Chief Justice of the Madras High Court.
Answer: (a) Sir. Thiruvarar Muthusamy Iyyar was the first Indian Chief Justice of the Madras High Court.
In simple words: Sir Thiruvarar Muthusamy Iyyar was the first Indian Chief Justice of the Madras High Court. This was a notable achievement during British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize and remember pioneers like Sir Thiruvarar Muthusamy Iyyar who achieved significant positions during the colonial era.

Question 1. What was the aim of geographical discoveries?
Answer: The main goal of geographical discoveries was to earn the most money possible through trade. Explorers also aimed to gain political power and control over new lands and resources. This intense drive for wealth and power fueled many expeditions across the globe.
In simple words: Geographical discoveries aimed to make more money from trade and gain political power.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the aims of discoveries, focus on both economic (trade, wealth) and political (power, control) motivations.

Question 2. Write short notes on the Battle of Adayar.
Answer: The Battle of Adayar, also known as the Battle of San Thome, was a key event in the First Carnatic War. In this battle, a small but well-trained French army, led by Captain Paradise, defeated a much larger Indian army led by Mahfuz Khan. This battle clearly showed that European military training and tactics were superior to Indian methods at that time. It proved a turning point, highlighting the importance of disciplined forces. This victory greatly boosted European confidence.
In simple words: The Battle of Adayar was when a small French army easily beat a larger Indian army, showing how strong European training was.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how the Battle of Adayar demonstrated European military superiority and influenced future conflicts.

Question 3. Write short notes on the Treaty of Paris.
Answer: The Treaty of Paris brought an end to the Seven Years' War. As part of this treaty, the French regained their settlements in India, including Pondicherry. However, they were not allowed to build forts or strengthen these places militarily. This restriction significantly limited French power and influence in India moving forward, ensuring British dominance.
In simple words: The Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War, giving French areas back but stopping them from building forts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the key conditions of the Treaty of Paris, especially the clause preventing French fortification in India, which was crucial for British supremacy.

Question 4. What are the areas annexed by Dalhousie by applying the Doctrine of Lapse policy?
Answer: Lord Dalhousie annexed several Indian states using his Doctrine of Lapse policy. These included Satara in 1848, Jaipur and Sambalpur in 1849, and Nagpur in 1854. This policy allowed the British to take over states where the ruler died without a natural male heir and no adopted son was recognized by the Company. It was a major way the British expanded their empire and consolidated control.
In simple words: Dalhousie used the Doctrine of Lapse to take over Satara (1848), Jaipur, Sambalpur (1849), and Nagpur (1854).

🎯 Exam Tip: List the major states annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse with their respective years to demonstrate detailed knowledge.

Question 1. How the Battle of Plassey marked the initiation of British rule in India?
Answer: The Battle of Plassey marked the beginning of British rule in India in a major way. After Nawab Alivardi Khan died in 1756, his grandson Siraj-ud-daulah became the new Nawab of Bengal. The British exploited the new Nawab's inexperience and his unpopularity to gain more power. When Siraj-ud-daulah tried to assert his authority by attacking British settlements like Calcutta, Robert Clive retaliated and recaptured Calcutta. A peace treaty was signed, but soon after, the British seized the French settlement of Chandannagar.
The actual Battle of Plassey occurred on June 23, 1757, where Robert Clive's forces from the British East India Company decisively defeated Siraj-ud-daulah and his French allies. This victory was largely due to Mir Jafar's betrayal, who was promised the Nawabship by the British. With Bengal's defeat, the British acquired immense wealth from the treasury, which they used to strengthen their military. This battle was crucial because it shifted political power, marking the start of direct British political dominance that would last for the next two centuries. It effectively turned the British East India Company from a trading body into a political power.
In simple words: The Battle of Plassey started British rule in India. After the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulah, fought the British, Robert Clive won due to betrayal. This gave the British a lot of money and power, beginning their control for 200 years.

🎯 Exam Tip: To answer this, describe the context leading to the battle, the key players, the decisive outcome (betrayal, British victory), and the immediate and long-term consequences on British power and Indian sovereignty.

Question 2. Explain the Judicial system of the English East India company.
Answer: The English East India Company gradually developed its judicial system in India to consolidate its control. In 1772, the Dual Government system ended, and the Company took direct charge of collecting revenue and administering justice. This led to the creation of Diwani Adalats (civil courts) and Faujdari Adalats (criminal courts).
The Regulating Act of 1773 established a Supreme Court in Calcutta, which included a Chief Justice and three other judges appointed by the British Crown. This court handled various types of cases, including civil, criminal, religious, and maritime disputes. Later, similar Supreme Courts were set up in Madras in 1801 and Bombay in 1823.
Further reforms occurred when William Bentinck introduced the Jury system in Bengal in 1832. An Indian Law Commission was also formed to organize and codify the laws. A major step was the establishment of the 'rule of law' across the entire British Empire. Finally, with the Indian High Courts Act of 1861, new High Courts were created in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, replacing the older Supreme Courts. This structured system aimed to bring uniformity and British legal principles to India, making the administration more organized.
In simple words: The British East India Company built a justice system in India. They set up civil and criminal courts, and a Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1773. Later, more courts were added in Madras and Bombay. They also started jury trials and made new laws, leading to High Courts in 1861.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the evolution of the judicial system chronologically, mentioning key acts (Regulating Act, High Courts Act), types of courts, and major reforms (jury system, law commission).