Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. .......... laid the foundation of the 'Mamluk' dynasty.
(a) Mohammad Ghori
(b) Jalal-ud-din
(c) Qutb-ud-din AibAK
(d) Iltutmish
Answer: (c) Qutb-ud-din Aibak
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the leader who started the Mamluk dynasty in India. He was a general who became powerful after the Ghurid Empire fell apart.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the name Qutb-ud-din Aibak as the founder of the Mamluk dynasty; this is a key fact for early Delhi Sultanate history.

Question 2. Qutb-ud-in shifted his capital to Delhi from ..........
(a) Lahore
(b) Poona
(c) Daulatabad
(d) Agra
Answer: (a) Lahore
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak first ruled from Lahore, but later moved his main city to Delhi. Moving the capital to Delhi helped the new empire become stronger and more central.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing capital changes helps understand how rulers tried to control their territory and its importance. Delhi eventually became the core of the Sultanate.

Question 3. .............completed the construction of the Qutb-Minar.
(a) Razia
(b) Qutb-ud-din -Aibak
(c) Iltutmish
(d) Balban
Answer: (c) Iltutmish
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak started building the Qutb-Minar, but it was Iltutmish who finished it. This tall tower is an important example of early Islamic architecture in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between who started a project and who completed it, especially for famous monuments like the Qutb-Minar, as questions often test this detail.

Question 4. .......... laid the foundation of the city Tughluqabad near Delhi.
(a) Muhammad-bin -Tughluq
(b) Firozshah Tughluq
(c) Jalal -ud-din
(d) Ghiyas -ud-din
Answer: (d) Ghiyas-ud-din
In simple words: Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq was the one who started building the city of Tughluqabad close to Delhi. This city was built to protect against attacks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Tughluqabad with Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq as a significant urban development during his rule.

II. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. ..........was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty.
Answer: Ghiyas - ud- din - Tughlaq
In simple words: Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq was the first ruler who started the Tughluq family's rule. He established this new dynasty after the Khalji dynasty ended.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the founder of each major dynasty, as this is a fundamental historical fact.

Question 2. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq shifted his capital from Delhi to..........
Answer: Devagiri
In simple words: Muhammad-bin-Tughluq moved his capital from Delhi to Devagiri. This move was an attempt to better control the southern parts of his large empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Muhammad-bin-Tughluq's decision to shift the capital is a famous event; note both the original and new locations.

Question 3. ..........patronized the famous Persian poet Amir Khusru.
Answer: Ghiyas - ud - din - Balban
In simple words: The famous Persian poet Amir Khusru was supported by Balban. Balban appreciated art and culture, and many poets and scholars found his court welcoming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing which rulers supported specific artists or scholars shows their cultural interests and is a common question type.

Question 4. Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid in Delhi was built by ..........
Answer: Qutb - ud - din Aibak
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak built the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi. This mosque was one of the first and most important Islamic buildings in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key architectural constructions are often linked to specific rulers; memorize these connections.

Question 5. The threat of Mongols under Chengizkhan to India was during the reign of ..........
Answer: Iltutmish
In simple words: India faced a big danger from the Mongols, led by Chengizkhan, when Iltutmish was the ruler. Iltutmish cleverly managed to keep the Mongol armies away from India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding external threats and how rulers handled them is important for understanding their political strategies.

III. Match the following:

Question. Match the following.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, it's often helpful to first connect the pairs you are absolutely sure about, then use elimination for the remaining options.

IV. State true or false:

Question 1. Qutb-ud-din Aibak died of a mysterious fever.
Answer: False
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak did not die from a fever. He died after falling from his horse while playing polo.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with details about historical figures' deaths; they are often tested to check specific knowledge.

Question 2. Razia was an able and brave fighter.
Answer: True
In simple words: Razia Sultan was indeed a very capable and courageous ruler. She was known for her leadership skills and bravery in battle, which was unusual for a queen at that time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the qualities and achievements of important rulers like Razia Sultan, as these are often highlighted in historical narratives.

Question 3. The Turkish nobles chose Iltutmish, son of Aibak, as Sultan after the death of Aibak.
Answer: False
In simple words: After Aibak died, his son Aram Shah became Sultan, but he was not very capable. The Turkish nobles then chose Iltutmish, who was Aibak's son-in-law and a slave, not his son.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to family relations and succession details, as they can be tricky in historical questions.

Question 4. Firoz Shah Tughluq refused to accept an invitation from a Bahmani Prince to intervene in the affairs of the Deccan.
Answer: True
In simple words: Firoz Shah Tughluq decided not to get involved in the problems of the Bahmani kingdom in the Deccan. He learned from past mistakes of trying to control distant areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Rulers' foreign policies and decisions not to expand can be as significant as their conquests; remember their reasoning.

V. Match the statement with the reason. Tick (√) the appropriate answer:

Question a) Assertion:(A) : Balban maintained a cordial relationship with Mongols Reason (R) : The Mongol ruler, a grandson of Chengiz Khan, assured that Mongols would not advance beyond Sutlej.
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A and R are wrong.
(d) A is wrong and R is correct.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Balban kept good relations with the Mongols because their leader promised not to cross the Sutlej River. This agreement helped protect Balban's empire from Mongol attacks.

🎯 Exam Tip: In assertion-reason questions, first check if both statements are true, then if the reason directly explains the assertion.

Question b) Find out the correct pair:
1. Hoysala – Devagiri
2. Yadavas – Dwarasamudra
3. Kakatias – Warrangal
4. Pallavas – Madurai
Answer: 3. Kakatias – Warrangal
In simple words: The correct match here is the Kakatias with Warrangal, as Warrangal was their capital city. The other options incorrectly pair kingdoms with different capital cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "correct pair" questions, identifying the specific capital or region associated with each dynasty is key.

Question c) Find out the wrong statement/statements:
1. After Ghori's death in 1206, his slave Qutb-ud-din Aibak proclaimed himself the ruler of the Turkish territories in India.
2. Razia established the department of spies to gather intelligence about the conspirators and the trouble makers against her rule.
3. Balban built forts to guard his empire against the Mongol attack.
4. Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur in 1526.
Answer: 2. Razia established the department of spies to gather intelligence about the conspirators and the trouble makers against her rule.
In simple words: The wrong statement is about Razia establishing a spy department. It was actually Balban who created a strong spy network to keep his rule safe. Razia's rule faced challenges but she did not specifically create such a department.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about which ruler introduced specific administrative reforms; many reforms are wrongly attributed in multiple-choice questions.

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1. Name the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage.
Answer: Iqta the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage.
In simple words: Land given to army officials instead of a salary was called an Iqta. This system helped rulers manage their army and collect taxes from different regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Iqta system is a fundamental concept in Delhi Sultanate administration; understand its purpose and function.

Question 2. Who founded the city of Agra?
Answer: Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra.
In simple words: Sikandar Lodi was the ruler who started the city of Agra. He chose this location because it was a good place to control both trade and the nearby areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect important city foundations with their respective founders, especially for cities that became historically significant.

Question 3. Name the ruler who established Muslim rule in India in 12th century A.D. (CE).
Answer: Muhammad Ghori established Muslim rule in India in 12th Century A.D. (CE).
In simple words: Muhammad Ghori began Muslim rule in India during the 12th century. His victories paved the way for the Delhi Sultanate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Muhammad Ghori's role in establishing Muslim rule is a key event in Indian history; remember his contribution and the century.

Question 4. Write a note on Chahalgani.
Answer: Chahalgani, also known as 'The Forty,' was a group of 40 important Turkish nobles. Iltutmish organized this group to help him rule and to protect the Sultanate from Mongol attacks. This council of powerful individuals played a crucial role in the early Sultanate period.
In simple words: The Chahalgani was a special group of 40 strong Turkish nobles. Iltutmish formed them to help him govern and to fight off the Mongols.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on who formed the Chahalgani, its composition, and its main purpose.

Question 5. How did Ala-ud-din Khalji consolidate the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer: Alauddin Khalji strengthened the Delhi Sultanate in several ways.
1. He invaded and looted rich southern regions, bringing back vast wealth.
2. He removed the previous ruler, Jalal-ud-din, with the support of nobles and commanders, declaring himself Sultan in 1296. This secured his position and unified the empire.
In simple words: Alauddin Khalji made the Delhi Sultanate stronger by conquering rich southern lands and taking over the throne himself. He also gained the support of important nobles and army leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining consolidation, mention both military conquests and political maneuvers that helped a ruler strengthen their power.

Question 6. List out the contributions of Firoz Shah Tughluq.
Answer: Firoz Shah Tughluq made many important contributions:
• He created charitable organizations for poor Muslims, showing his concern for welfare.
• He built many mosques, colleges (madrasas), and hospitals, which improved education and healthcare.
• He introduced many humanitarian measures, like ending harsh punishments.
• He banned cruel punishments and unfair taxes, making the legal system more just.
• He boosted farming by building many canals, gardens, and cities, improving infrastructure.
In simple words: Firoz Shah Tughluq did many good things like starting charities, building schools and hospitals, and ending harsh laws. He also helped farmers by building canals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing contributions, categorize them (e.g., social, architectural, administrative) for a structured answer.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1. Write about the invasion of Timur in 1398.
Answer: Timur, a ruler from Samarkand in Central Asia, saw that India was weak.
• In December 1398, he attacked India and heavily plundered cities like Delhi and Punjab.
• He took away immense wealth, including gold, silver, and jewels. He also took Indian carpenters and masons back to Samarkand to work on monuments. Timur's invasion severely weakened the Delhi Sultanate.
In simple words: Timur, a Central Asian ruler, attacked India in 1398 because it was weak. He robbed Delhi and Punjab, taking much wealth and skilled workers back to his own land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the main reasons for Timur's invasion, the extent of his plunder, and its long-term impact on the Delhi Sultanate.

VIII HOTS:

Question 1. How would you evaluate Muhammad-bin-Tughluq as Sultan of Delhi?
Answer: Muhammad-bin-Tughluq was a complex ruler, often called a "mixture of opposites."
• He was a very learned man but also known for his harshness.
• He dreamed of controlling all of India and introduced many new plans, but most of his grand plans failed.
• **Change of Capital:** He moved his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulatabad) to better control his large empire, but later moved it back to Delhi. This move caused great hardship and left Delhi empty.
• **Tax in Doab region:** He increased land tax in the Doab region, which led to a revolt by the peasants against the government, as it was a time of famine.
• **Token Currency:** Due to a shortage of silver and coins, he introduced copper token currency. This led to widespread fake coins and made the state go bankrupt.
In simple words: Muhammad-bin-Tughluq was a smart but sometimes cruel ruler whose big plans often failed. His decision to change the capital, raise taxes, and use token currency caused many problems for his empire and its people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating a ruler like Muhammad-bin-Tughluq, discuss both his positive intentions (e.g., being learned, grand visions) and the negative outcomes of his policies (e.g., capital shift, token currency, Doab tax).

X. Student Activity:

Question 1. Match the Father with Son

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the key succession lines for major dynasties to easily match rulers with their immediate successors.

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1. Qutb - ud - din Aibak was died while playing
(a) Hockey
(b) Kabaddi
(c) Polo
(d) Wrestling
Answer: (c) Polo
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak died in an accident while playing polo. He fell from his horse during the game.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific details about historical events, like a ruler's death, are often tested. Remember the cause and context.

Question 2. Malik Kafar invaded Madurai in
(a) 1300 A. D
(b) 1310 A.D
(c) 1320 A.D
(d) 1330 A. D
Answer: (b) 1310 A. D
In simple words: Malik Kafur, a general of Alauddin Khalji, attacked Madurai in the year 1310 AD. This invasion extended the influence of the Delhi Sultanate further south.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the exact year of important invasions helps place events in their correct historical sequence.

Question 3. The other name of Devagiri was
(a) Daulatabad
(b) Aurangabad
(c) Allahabad
(d) Nagpur
Answer: (a) Daulatabad
In simple words: Devagiri was also known by the name Daulatabad. This city became famous when Muhammad-bin-Tughluq briefly made it his capital.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of alternative names for important historical places, as questions may use either name.

Question 4. which Marocco traveller visited India during the period of Muhammed bin
(a) Ibn - Battuta
(b) Abdur Razzaq
(e) Marcopolo
(d) Nicolo Conti
Answer: (a) Ibn - Battuta
In simple words: The famous traveler Ibn Battuta, from Morocco, visited India when Muhammad-bin-Tughluq was the Sultan. His writings provide valuable details about that time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate famous travelers with the rulers they visited, as their accounts offer unique insights into historical periods.

Question 5. Muhammed - bln - Tughlag Issued token currency in
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Copper
(d) Iron
Answer: (c) Copper
In simple words: Muhammad-bin-Tughluq introduced token currency made of copper. He did this because there was not enough silver in the empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the material of the token currency and the ruler who issued it; this policy led to significant economic challenges.

Question 6. Feroz Shah Tughiug laid out how many new gardens?
(a) 500
(b) 1000
(c) 1200
(d) 1500
Answer: (c) 1200
In simple words: Firoz Shah Tughluq was known for his extensive public works and built 1200 new gardens. These gardens improved the beauty and environment of his cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers related to construction or public works can be important details for historical questions.

Question 7. The Jauhar system was followed among
(a) Mughal women
(b) Rajput women
(c) Tribal women
(d) Marathi Women
Answer: (b) Rajput women
In simple words: The practice of Jauhar was common among Rajput women. They would choose self-immolation to protect their honor during enemy invasions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the cultural practices and traditions of different groups, like the Rajputs, as they reflect their societal values.

Question 8. The last ruler in Delhi Sultanate was ..........
(a) Ibn Battuta
(b) khizz Khan
(c) Ibrahim Lodi
(d) Rajput
Answer: (c) Ibrahim Lodi
In simple words: Ibrahim Lodi was the final ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat, which ended the Sultanate and began the Mughal Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the last ruler of a dynasty and the event that ended their rule is crucial for understanding historical transitions.

Question 9. ...................founded the Tughluh Dynasty
(a) Ibn Bauuta
(b) Abdur Razak
(c) Marco polo
(d) Gliyas - ud - din Thughlaq
Answer: (d) Gliyas - ud - din Thughlaq
In simple words: Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughluq Dynasty. He was a military commander before becoming the Sultan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the founder of each major dynasty; this is a foundational piece of historical knowledge.

Question 10. Sultanate was formed In Madurai In the year
(a) A.D 1334
(b) A.D 1332
(c) A.D 1336
(d) A.D 1330
Answer: (a) A.D 1334
In simple words: The Madurai Sultanate was formed in the year 1334 AD. This was an independent Muslim kingdom that broke away from the Delhi Sultanate in the south.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the formation years of independent regional sultanates as they indicate the weakening or decentralization of larger empires.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1. ................is a Persian term used for the slaves purchased for military service.
Answer: Bandagen
In simple words: The Persian word "Bandagan" was used for slaves bought for military work. These military slaves often rose to high positions in the Sultanate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding key historical terms like "Bandagan" helps grasp the administrative and military structure of the Delhi Sultanate.

Question 2. The Muslim slaves were posted as .......... in India.
Answer: Governors
In simple words: Muslim slaves, especially those trained for administration and military, were often appointed as governors in India. This system helped the rulers maintain control over different regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the unique role of slaves in the Delhi Sultanate, where they could rise to high ranks and positions of power.

Question 3. Mamluk is an Arabic word which means ..........
Answer: Slave
In simple words: The Arabic word "Mamluk" means slave. The Mamluk dynasty rulers were originally military slaves who later became powerful rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the meaning of "Mamluk" clarifies why this dynasty was named so and reflects its unique origin.

Question 4. The general of Alauddin Khalji was ..........
Answer: Bakhtiar Khali
In simple words: The general of Alauddin Khalji was Bakhtiar Khalji. He was a trusted military leader who helped Alauddin in his conquests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying important generals associated with powerful rulers like Alauddin Khalji is useful for historical context.

Question 5. .......... in Delhi Mosque is considered as the oldest Mosque in India.
Answer: Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid
In simple words: The Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid in Delhi is known as the oldest mosque in India. It was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and marks the beginning of Indo-Islamic architecture in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key historical buildings and their significance (like being the "oldest") are important facts to remember.

Question 6. ................laid the foundation for Qutb-Minar.
Answer: Qutb-ud-din-Aibak started building the Qutb Minar. This famous tower in Delhi stands as a symbol of early Islamic architecture in India.
In simple words: Qutb-ud-din Aibak began building the Qutb Minar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key historical figures associated with famous monuments and their specific contributions.

Question 7. Iltutmish granted ...............to the members of his army.
Answer: Iltutmish gave land areas called Iqtas to the soldiers in his army. These land grants were given instead of regular wages, allowing soldiers to collect revenue from the assigned territory.
In simple words: Iltutmish gave land, called Iqtas, to his army members.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the administrative terms and policies introduced by different rulers, like the Iqta system under Iltutmish.

Question 8. The Iqta holder is called the .............or .............A.D.
Answer: The person who received an Iqta (land grant) was called an Iqtadar or a Muqti. They were responsible for managing the land and maintaining troops for the Sultan.
In simple words: An Iqta holder was known as an Iqtadar or a Muqti.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific titles and roles of officials in the Delhi Sultanate administration to distinguish their functions.

Question 9. ................abolished the forty systems.
Answer: Balban removed the group known as 'The Forty' (Chahalgani), which was a powerful council of Turkish nobles. He did this to strengthen his own power and reduce the influence of other nobles.
In simple words: Balban ended the group called 'The Forty'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the actions rulers took to consolidate their power and centralize administration.

Question 10. ............., grandson of Chengizkhan is a Mongol viceroy in Iran.
Answer: Hulagu Khan, who was a grandson of Chengiz Khan, served as a Mongol viceroy in Iran. His influence was significant in shaping the region's political landscape during that period.
In simple words: Hulagu Khan, Chengiz Khan's grandson, was a Mongol leader in Iran.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note important foreign figures who had an impact on the Delhi Sultanate's foreign policy or borders.

Question 11. Ala-ud-din established a system of forced .............of food grains for Delhi.
Answer: Ala-ud-din Khalji set up a system to forcefully collect food grains for Delhi, known as procurement. This was done to make sure the city had enough food and to control prices.
In simple words: Ala-ud-din made a system to get food grains for Delhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the economic reforms and policies introduced by rulers, especially regarding supply and prices, and their impact.

Question 12. ..............was another name of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
Answer: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was also known by another name, Jauna Khan. This was his original name before he ascended the throne.
In simple words: Jauna Khan was another name for Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to different names or titles used for historical figures as they can often appear in questions.

Question 13. The new Daulatabad declared as an independent state as ....................
Answer: The newly formed state of Daulatabad was declared independent as the Bahmani Sultanate. This marked a significant regional power shift in the Deccan.
In simple words: The Bahmani kingdom became an independent state from Daulatabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the rise of new kingdoms during or after the Delhi Sultanate period and their geographical locations.

Question 14. .................besides the Delhi city, was the province suffered most by Timur's raid.
Answer: Besides Delhi, Punjab was the province that suffered the most damage and destruction during Timur's raid. His invasion caused widespread devastation and weakened the Sultanate.
In simple words: After Delhi, Punjab was hit hardest by Timur's attack.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the impact and geographical spread of major invasions on different regions of India.

Question 15. The representative of Timur was ....................
Answer: Khizr Khan was appointed as Timur's representative in India after the invasion. He helped manage the territories Timur had conquered and established the Sayyid dynasty.
In simple words: Khizr Khan represented Timur after the invasion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key figures who played a role in events following invasions or major political changes in history.

III. Match the following:

🎯 Exam Tip: Always double-check historical figures with their correct roles, titles, or associated events and places to avoid confusion.

IV. State true or false:

Question 1. Qutb-ud-din Aibak died of a mysterious fever.
Answer: False. It is false that Qutb-ud-din Aibak died from a mysterious fever. He actually died in 1210 A.D. while playing polo (chaugan), falling from his horse.
In simple words: False. He died playing polo, not from a fever.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific details about the end of a ruler's life, especially if it's an unusual or notable event.

Question 2. Razia was an able and brave fighter.
Answer: True. It is true that Razia Sultan was a very capable and courageous ruler and fighter. She was known for her leadership skills and bravery in battle, ruling effectively despite being a woman in a male-dominated era.
In simple words: True. Razia was a skilled and brave ruler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key qualities and contributions of important female rulers in history, noting how they broke norms.

Question 3. The Turkish nobles chose Iltutmish, son of Aibak, as Sultan after the death of Aibak.
Answer: False. This statement is false. Iltutmish was not the son of Aibak; he was Aibak's son-in-law and a slave who later became a prominent general. The nobles chose him after Aibak's actual son was deemed incompetent to rule.
In simple words: False. Iltutmish was Aibak's son-in-law, not his son.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate carefully between familial relations and political succession in royal lineages, as they are often distinct.

Question 4. Firoz Shah Tughluq refused to accept an invitation from a Bahmani Prince to intervene in the affairs of the Deccan.
Answer: True. It is true that Firoz Shah Tughluq declined an invitation from a Bahmani Prince to get involved in Deccan matters. He generally chose to avoid conflicts in distant regions to focus on stability within his own empire.
In simple words: True. Firoz Shah Tughluq did not get involved in Deccan affairs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the foreign policy and diplomatic decisions of rulers regarding other kingdoms and their impact on their reign.

V. Match the statement with the reason.Tick (√) the appropriate answer:

Question 1. Assertion:(A) : Balban maintained a cordial relationship with Mongols Reason (R) : The Mongol ruler, a grandson of Chengiz Khan, assured that Mongols would not advance beyond Sutlej.
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A and R are wrong.
(d) A is wrong and R is correct.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Balban was friends with Mongols because their leader promised not to attack beyond the Sutlej River. The reason correctly explains why Balban maintained this relationship.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are true, then if the Reason directly explains the Assertion.

Question 2. Find out the wrong pair
1. Jauhar - Rajput women
2. Balban – The forty
3. Razia – Qutbminar
4. litutmish – Igtas
Answer: (3) Razia -Qutbminar
In simple words: The pair "Razia - Qutbminar" is wrong because Razia was not involved with the construction or naming of Qutb Minar, which was primarily linked to Qutb-ud-din Aibak and Iltutmish.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully check the association of historical figures with events, monuments, or policies; one small mismatch can make the pair wrong.

Question 3.
1. Balban abolished the forty
2. ITumish organized the forty
3. Razia was killed by the forty
(a) 1,2,3 correct
(b) land 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) land 3 correct
Answer: (a) 1, 2, 3 correct
In simple words: All three statements are correct. Balban ended 'The Forty', Iltutmish started it, and 'The Forty' (Turkish nobles) were involved in Razia's death.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the roles of key institutions like 'The Forty' and their impact on different rulers and events within the Sultanate.

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1. How litutmish saved Delhi Sultanate from the attack of Mongols?
Answer: Iltutmish saved the Delhi Sultanate from a Mongol attack by wisely refusing to give shelter to Khwarezm Shah Jalaluddin, an enemy of Chengiz Khan. By not helping Jalaluddin, Iltutmish avoided drawing the Mongols' wrath onto Delhi, thereby protecting his kingdom from a huge threat.
In simple words: Iltutmish saved Delhi from Mongols by not helping Khwarezm Shah Jalaluddin, an enemy of Chengiz Khan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight political shrewdness and diplomatic decisions when answering questions about a ruler's protective actions against external threats.

Question 2. What is Jauhar?
Answer: Jauhar was an ancient tradition practiced by Rajput women. When their men went to battle knowing defeat was certain, the women would voluntarily commit self-immolation on a pyre to protect their honor and avoid capture or dishonor by the enemy. This was a brave and tragic act.
In simple words: Jauhar was an old Rajput tradition. When their men faced sure defeat in war, women would burn themselves to death to protect their honor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both "what" a custom is and "why" it was practiced, especially when dealing with social history and cultural practices.

Question 3. Why did Tughlaq want to change his capital?
Answer: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq wanted to move his capital to Devagiri for two main reasons. First, he aimed to expand his empire across all of India, and Devagiri (renamed Daulatabad) was more centrally located. Second, he wanted to protect his capital from the frequent attacks by the Mongols from the north.
In simple words: Tughlaq moved his capital to Devagiri to control a bigger empire and to protect it from Mongol attacks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide multiple reasons when asked "why" a historical event occurred, showing a comprehensive understanding of the ruler's motivations.

Question 4. Write a note on Razia.
Answer: Razia Sultan was the first female ruler (Sultana) of Delhi and the daughter of Iltutmish. She was known as a very capable and courageous leader and a skilled fighter. During her rule, she successfully defended the Sultanate against Mongol invasions, proving her administrative and military prowess.
In simple words: Razia was Delhi's first female ruler and Iltutmish's daughter. She was a brave and skilled leader who fought off Mongol attacks.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing notes on personalities, include their position, key qualities, and major achievements or challenges faced during their reign.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1. Examine the rule of Balban.
Answer: Balban became the Sultan in 1266 A.D. His rule was marked by strong measures to centralize power and protect the empire. He got rid of 'The Forty', a group of powerful Turkish nobles, to prevent challenges to his authority. He created a new spy network to keep an eye on people and maintained good relations with the Mongols to avoid invasions. Balban also constructed many forts to defend his borders and was a patron of the arts, notably supporting the Persian poet Amir Khusru.
In simple words: Balban became Sultan in 1266 A.D. He ended 'The Forty' and made a spy system to control his empire. He also built forts and kept peace with the Mongols. He was kind to the Persian poet Amir Khusru.

🎯 Exam Tip: When examining a ruler's reign, discuss their key policies, administrative changes, military strategies, and cultural contributions for a complete answer.

Question 2. Explain the features of Indo-Saracenic architecture with examples.
Answer: Indo-Saracenic architecture is a unique style that mixes Persian architectural designs with traditional Indian decorative elements. This blend gave mosques and Madrasas (religious schools) a distinct look, often incorporating verses from the Quran as decorative script. Key examples of buildings constructed in this style include the Qutb Minar, the Alai Darwaza, the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid, the Mothi-ki-Masjid, the tombs of Iltutmish and Balban, and the forts found in Daulatabad and Firozabad. These structures beautifully showcase a fusion of both cultures.
In simple words: Indo-Saracenic architecture combines Persian building styles with Indian designs. Mosques and schools built this way often had special writings from the Quran. Famous examples include the Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza, and forts in Daulatabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing architectural styles, always define the style, list its characteristics, and provide specific examples of structures built in that style.