Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 Rise of Marathas and Peshwas

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. Who was the teacher and guardian of Shivaji?
(a) Dadaji Kondadev
(b) Kavi Kalash
(c) Jijabai
(d) Ramdas
Answer: (a) Dadaji Kondadev
In simple words: Dadaji Kondadev was a very important person in Shivaji's life, teaching him and guiding him like a protector. He helped Shivaji learn many things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures associated with prominent historical personalities like Shivaji Maharaj. Their roles are often tested.

Question 2. How was the Prime Minister of Maratha kings known?
(a) Deshmukh
(b) Peshwa
(c) Panditrao
(d) Patil
Answer: (b) Peshwa
In simple words: The main minister who helped the Maratha king run the kingdom was called the Peshwa. They had a very powerful role in the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the titles and roles of important officials in historical administrations is crucial for understanding governance structures.

Question 3. Name the family priest of Shambhuji who influenced him in his day-to-day administration.
(a) Shahu
(b) Anaji Datto
(c) Dadaji Kondadev
(d) KaviKalash
Answer: (c) Dadaji Kondadev
In simple words: Kavi Kalash was the family priest for Shambhuji, and he gave advice that affected how the kingdom was managed every day. Spiritual leaders often played a role in royal courts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to individuals who held advisory positions as they often had significant influence on rulers.

Question 4. What was the backbone of Shivaji's army in the beginning?
(a) Artillery
(b) Cavalry
(c) Infantry
(d) Elephantry
Answer: (c) Infantry
In simple words: At first, the foot soldiers, or infantry, were the most important part of Shivaji's army. They formed the core strength before other units grew.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the composition and strengths of armies is important when studying military history.

Question 5. Who proclaimed wars and freed Malwa and Gujarat from Mughal domination?
(a) Balaji Vishwanath
(b) Bajirao
(c) Balaji Bajirao
(d) Shahu
Answer: (b) Bajirao
In simple words: Bajirao was a powerful leader who started wars and successfully took Malwa and Gujarat away from Mughal rule. He was a very brave and effective general.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific achievements of key historical figures like Bajirao, as their actions shaped the political landscape.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1. The spread of the ............ movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people to develop consciousness and oneness.
Answer: Bhakti
In simple words: The Bhakti movement, a religious movement, brought people together in Maharashtra and made them feel a sense of shared identity and unity. It stressed devotion and equality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the social and cultural movements that contributed to the rise of regional powers or national identity.

Question 2. ............ was the key official of the revenue administration of Peshwa.
Answer: Kamavisdar
In simple words: The Kamavisdar was a very important officer responsible for managing how money was collected from taxes in the Peshwa's rule. They played a key role in the financial system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learning the administrative terms and roles helps in understanding how historical empires were managed and governed.

Question 3. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at ............ in 1761.
Answer: Panipat
In simple words: The great power of the Marathas came to a sad end at a place called Panipat in the year 1761. This battle significantly weakened their empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important battles and their years, like the Third Battle of Panipat, are often asked in exams as turning points in history.

Question 4. ............ was the foreign minister in the Ashtapradhan.
Answer: Sumant / Dubeer
In simple words: In the Ashtapradhan, which was Shivaji's council of eight ministers, the person responsible for dealing with other countries was called the Sumant, also known as Dubeer. They handled diplomatic relations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names and specific roles of the ministers in the Ashtapradhan council under Shivaji.

Question 5. Shambhuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with ............
Answer: Anaji Datto
In simple words: After Shivaji, his son Shambhuji took over the kingdom, but not without a fight for the throne, especially against a person named Anaji Datto. Power transitions often led to conflicts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding succession struggles and key figures involved helps to trace the continuity and changes in a dynasty.

III. Match the Following:

Answer:
1. Shahji Bhonsle - (c) Shivaji's father
2. Shambhuji - (d) Son of Shivaji
3. Shahu - (e) Shambhuji's grandson
4. Jijabai - (a) Mother of Shivaji
5. Afzal Khan - (b) General of Bijapur
In simple words: This match helps us connect important people from Maratha history with their relationships or key roles. For example, Shahji Bhonsle was Shivaji's father, and Jijabai was his mother. Shambhuji was Shivaji's son, and Shahu was Shambhuji's grandson. Afzal Khan was a general from Bijapur.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always practice matching important people with their relationships or titles to improve historical understanding and recall.

IV. State True Or False:

Question 1. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders.
Answer: True
In simple words: The difficult landscape of mountains and rocks made it hard for enemies to attack the Marathas, giving them natural protection. This geography was a great advantage for their defense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how geography and terrain can influence military strategies and provide natural defenses for kingdoms.

Question 2. Hymns composed in Sanskrit by the Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.
Answer: False
In simple words: The Bhakti saints mostly wrote their hymns in the local Marathi language, not Sanskrit, so that common people from all backgrounds could understand and sing them. This made the movement very popular.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the language used by religious movements; often, local languages were preferred to reach a wider audience.

Question 3. Shivaji captured Puranthar from the Mughals.
Answer: True
In simple words: Shivaji successfully took control of the fort of Purandar from the Mughals. This was an important victory that showed his military skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of important forts and territories captured by leaders like Shivaji, as these mark their territorial expansion.

Question 4. Deshmukhs held sway over rural regions and their control was over between twenty and a hundred villages.
Answer: True
In simple words: Deshmukhs were powerful local leaders who had authority over many villages in the countryside. They played a significant role in regional administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different levels of administration and the roles of local officials like Deshmukhs in historical empires.

Question 5. Abdali invaded ten times before finally marching on Delhi.
Answer: False
In simple words: Ahmad Shah Abdali, the Afghan king, invaded India fewer than ten times before he finally marched on Delhi and fought the Third Battle of Panipat. While he invaded multiple times, the number ten is not accurate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with numerical facts and figures related to historical events, as they can be used to distinguish true from false statements.

V. Consider the Following Statements. Tick (√) The Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A) : Soldiers were to live in forts and towns far away from home Reason (R) : Maratha soldiers were not permitted to retire from battlefields each year for the purpose of cultivating their land.
(a) R is correct explanation of A
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is Wrong and R is correct
(d)A and R are wrong
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A
In simple words: The reason (R) correctly explains why the assertion (A) was made. Maratha soldiers had to stay in forts and towns far from their homes because they were not allowed to go back to their farms every year for cultivation. This ensured they remained on duty.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then assess if the Reason logically explains the Assertion.

Question 2. Statement I: Judging from the ledgers of correspondence and account books, Peshwas were keen on accurate record-keeping. Statement II: Artillery decided the battle at Panipat in 1761.
(a) I is correct
(b) II is correct
(c) I and II are correct
(d) I and II are false
Answer: (c) I and II are correct
In simple words: Both statements are true. The Peshwas indeed kept very good records of their letters and money accounts. Also, the use of powerful cannons, or artillery, was a key factor that decided who won the battle of Panipat in 1761.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating multiple statements, confirm the accuracy of each statement individually before determining the combined correct option.

Question 3. Find the odd one out Shahji, Shivaji, Shambuji, Shahu, Rahuji Bhonsle
Answer: Rahuji Bhonsle
In simple words: Rahuji Bhonsle is the odd one out because the others (Shahji, Shivaji, Shambuji, Shahu) are all direct male descendants of Shivaji's family, forming a continuous line of rulers. Rahuji Bhonsle belonged to a different branch.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "odd one out" questions, look for a common characteristic or lineage among most items, and identify the one that doesn't fit.

Question 4. Find out the wrong pair
1. Gaikwad - Baroda
2. Peshwa – Nagpur
3. Holkar – Indore
4. Shinde - Gwalior
Answer: 2. Peshwa – Nagpur
In simple words: The wrong pair is Peshwa - Nagpur. The Peshwas were based in Pune, not Nagpur. The other pairs correctly link Maratha families with their main cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the regional bases or capitals of different Maratha confederacy families is important for understanding their political structure.

Question 5. Arrange the events in chronological order
I) Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian Kondadev.
II) Emperor Shahu died when Balaji Bajirao was Peshwa.
III) Shivaji resumed his military raids after his father's death and conquered Javali.
IV) Balaji Vishwanath became Peshwa.
Answer: I), III), IV), II)
In simple words: The correct order of these events is: first, Shivaji gained full independence after his guardian Kondadev died. Then, after his father died, Shivaji restarted his military campaigns and took over Javali. Later, Balaji Vishwanath became the Peshwa. Finally, Emperor Shahu passed away during the time when Balaji Bajirao was the Peshwa.

🎯 Exam Tip: To arrange events chronologically, recall the approximate dates or the sequence of major happenings in the relevant historical period.

VI. Answer In One Or Two Sentences:

Question 1. The impact of the Bhakti movement on Marathas.
Answer: The Bhakti movement greatly helped the Maratha people in Maharashtra. It fostered a strong sense of shared identity and unity among them. Additionally, it encouraged feelings of social equality and togetherness within the Maratha community.
In simple words: The Bhakti movement brought the Marathas together. It made them feel united and equal, helping them realize their shared identity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the impact of movements, focus on both social and cultural effects, such as unity and identity formation.

Question 2. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
Answer: Chauth was a tax, one-fourth of the total revenue, collected by Shivaji from people as protection money. Sardeshmukhi was an extra tax, one-tenth of the revenue, which Shivaji collected as his right as the chieftain. These taxes were crucial for funding the Maratha state.
In simple words: Chauth was a tax for protection, one-fourth of the money. Sardeshmukhi was an extra tax, one-tenth, taken by Shivaji as a leader's fee.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each term and state its purpose or significance, especially when asked about specific historical taxes or administrative policies.

Question 3. Role of Kamavisdar in Maratha revenue administration.
Answer: The Kamavisdar was the main official in charge of the Peshwas' revenue administration. They were also responsible for keeping a small group of soldiers to maintain order in their administrative area and collect taxes or tribute. This made them key figures in local governance.
In simple words: The Kamavisdar led tax collection for the Peshwas. They also had soldiers to keep peace and collect money in their area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Outline the specific duties of administrative officials to demonstrate a clear understanding of their role in the government structure.

Question 4. Execution of Shambhuji by Mughal Army.
Answer: Shambhuji was in a weak position and could not fight against the Mughals. Emperor Aurangzeb came to the Deccan region, captured Shambhuji, and after torturing him, ordered his execution by hanging. This event marked a difficult period for the Marathas.
In simple words: Shambhuji was captured by Aurangzeb in the Deccan. After torture, he was executed by hanging.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important events like the execution of a ruler should be remembered with the key figures and circumstances involved.

Question 5. Battle of Panipat fought in 1761.
Answer: The Maratha Empire's peak ended sadly at Panipat near Delhi in 1761. The Afghan king, Ahmad Shah Abdali, invaded India multiple times before marching to Delhi. The Marathas, who were divided among various commanders, approached the battle with different plans. The Afghan's mobile artillery proved deadly against both the Maratha cavalry and infantry, deciding the battle in January 1761. This loss was a major setback.
In simple words: The Marathas' power ended in 1761 at Panipat against Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Afghans' powerful cannons were a major reason for their victory.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing battles, include the year, key participants, and major factors that determined the outcome.

VII. Answer The Following:

Question 1. Examine the essential features of the Maratha administration under Shivaji.
Answer: Shivaji's administration was well-organized, with several key features:
Village Administration:
The Deshmukhs managed control over twenty to a hundred villages in rural areas. Each village was run by a headman called a 'Patil', who received help from the village accountant, or 'Kulkami'. This ensured local governance.
Military Administration:
Shivaji paid great attention to his army and the training of his soldiers. He personally selected every soldier. Retired captains were put in charge of guarding the forts. His military was known for its discipline and agility.
Ashtapradhan:
Shivaji created a council of eight ministers known as 'Ashtapradhan'. The Peshwa served as the Prime Minister, and the Amatya was the finance minister. Each minister had specific duties to help manage the kingdom efficiently.
Revenue Administration:
Shivaji collected taxes like Chauth and Sardeshmukhi. Assessments were made so that cultivators kept 3/5 of the produce, and 2/5 was taken by the government. This system aimed to be fair to farmers.
Judicial Administration:
Civil disagreements were resolved by the Panchayat and village council. Criminal matters were judged based on Hindu law books, called 'shastras'. This shows a structured legal system.
In simple words: Shivaji had a very good way of running his kingdom. He organized villages with Patils, built a strong army with trained soldiers, and had a council of eight ministers called Ashtapradhan to help him. He also had a clear system for collecting taxes and solving legal problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing administrative features, categorize them (e.g., Military, Revenue, Judicial) and provide specific examples for each to show depth of knowledge.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1. Compare the revenue administration of the Peshwas with that of Shivaji.
Answer: Both Shivaji and the Peshwas had structured revenue systems, but with some differences:
Under the Peshwas:
• They appointed Kamavisdars to collect taxes, who were key officials in their revenue system.
• A small team of clerks and servants was used to keep track of revenue records, ensuring proper accounting.
• The right to collect revenue was often auctioned off to contractors.
• A tax known as a prospective tax or Revenue required people to pay one-third to one-half of their income.
• The assessment usually meant the cultivator kept three-fifths (3/5), and two-fifths (2/5) was taken by the government.
Under Shivaji:
• Shivaji required Chauth (1/4 of the revenue) as protection money. This was a payment to avoid raids.
• He also collected Sardeshmukhi (an extra 1/10 of the revenue) as a chieftain's due, asserting his authority. Shivaji's system was generally seen as more lenient towards cultivators.
In simple words: Shivaji and the Peshwas both collected taxes, but their methods varied. Shivaji collected Chauth and Sardeshmukhi as protection fees, while the Peshwas had Kamavisdars and sometimes auctioned off tax collection rights. The Peshwas also collected a higher percentage of tax in some cases.

🎯 Exam Tip: For comparative questions, create distinct points for each entity and highlight both similarities and differences in their policies or structures.

X. Student Activity:

I. Match the responsibilities of Ashtapradhan

Answer:
1. Amatya - (c) Finance Minister
2. Waqia - (d) Interior Minister
3. Sumant - (a) Foreign Minister
4. Senapati - (b) Commander-in-chief
In simple words: This matching exercise helps you learn the roles of the different ministers in Shivaji's Ashtapradhan council. For example, the Amatya was in charge of money, and the Senapati was the head of the army.

🎯 Exam Tip: A clear understanding of the Ashtapradhan's structure and the duties of each minister is fundamental for questions on Maratha administration.

2. Group Activity

Question. Collect information about the Thanjavur Marathas with special reference to their contribution to education, art, and architecture.
Answer: The Thanjavur Marathas made significant contributions to education, art, and architecture:
Venkoji, Shivaji's half-brother, established the Maratha Kingdom in Tanjore in April 1674 A.D. This marked the beginning of their rule.
Important rulers like Shahuji I, Serfoji I, and Serfoji II were great patrons of culture. The Saraswathi Mahal Library, built by them, is a significant example of their architectural contributions and commitment to knowledge.
They supported Sanskrit and Telugu literature, encouraging scholars and poets. This led to a rich literary output.
Tanjore paintings are a unique art form that added great beauty to their palaces and are famous even today. These paintings show their love for fine arts.
In simple words: The Thanjavur Marathas, started by Venkoji, helped a lot with learning, art, and buildings. They built the famous Saraswathi Mahal Library, supported Sanskrit and Telugu writing, and created beautiful Tanjore paintings.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing contributions, provide specific examples of institutions (like libraries), art forms (like paintings), and literary support to strengthen your answer.

7th Social Science Guide Rise Of Marathas And Peshwas Additional Important Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer.

Question 1. The welfare system followed by Shivaji was
(a) Tulughama
(b) Guerilla
(c) Tank System
(d) Bluewater policy
Answer: (b) Guerilla
In simple words: Shivaji used a special fighting method called guerrilla warfare, which involved surprise attacks and quick movements. This was a key part of his military strategy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the unique strategies or policies associated with particular rulers, as these often highlight their innovation and effectiveness.

Question 2. The major Mughal port in the Arabian sea was
(a) Karachi
(b) Cochin
(c) Goa
(d) Surat
Answer: (d) Surat
In simple words: Surat was the most important port city for the Mughals on the Arabian Sea coast. It was a big center for trade and business.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the key economic centers like major ports helps in understanding the trade and revenue systems of historical empires.

Question 3. Shivaji assumed the title Chhatrapati in the year.
(a)1654
(b)1664
(c)1674
(d)1684
Answer: (b) 1664
In simple words: Shivaji took on the important title of Chhatrapati, meaning 'paramount sovereign,' in the year 1674. This coronation marked his formal declaration as an independent ruler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of coronations and significant events are important historical markers and should be memorized accurately.

Question 4. The village accountant and a keeper of records in the Maratha empire was
(a) Kulkarni
(b) Patil
(c) Nyayadhish
(d) Senapathi
Answer: (a) Kulkarni
In simple words: The Kulkarni was a village official in the Maratha empire who was responsible for keeping all the records and accounts of the village. They were like the village clerk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the roles of various village officials (e.g., Patil, Kulkarni) to avoid confusion in administrative questions.

Question 5. Eight ministers council of Shivaji was known as
(a) Astadiggajas
(b) Ashta Pradhan
(c) Navarathnas
(d) Triratnas
Answer: (b) Ashta Pradhan
In simple words: Shivaji's council, made up of eight important ministers, was known as the Ashta Pradhan. This council helped him manage the kingdom effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific names of important historical councils or groups, as they are frequently asked in exams.

Question 6. The name of the Gwalior Maratha family is ............
(a) Gaikuvar
(b) Bhosle
(c) Holkan
(d) Scindhia
Answer: (d) Scindhia
In simple words: The Maratha family that ruled in Gwalior was known as the Scindhias. They were one of the powerful Maratha clans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the major Maratha families (e.g., Gaikwad, Holkar, Scindhia, Bhosle) with their respective regions or states.

Question 9. In Maratha administration ............ held sway over rural regions.
(a) Patil
(b) Kulkami
(c) Deshmukkhs
(d) All of the options
Answer: (c) Deshmukkhs
In simple words: The Deshmukhs were powerful local chiefs in the Maratha empire who controlled many villages. They played a significant role in managing the rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific roles of different officials like Patil, Kulkarni, and Deshmukhs in Maratha administration to distinguish their functions.

Question 10. In Maratha Administration Waqia-navis was responsible for ............ ministry.
(a) Finance
(b) External affairs
(c) Interior
(d) Law
Answer: (c) Interior
In simple words: The Waqia-navis was like an interior minister, responsible for keeping records and managing internal affairs within the Maratha kingdom. They kept the king informed about daily events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the functions of various ministers in the Ashtapradhan helps in understanding the administrative structure of the Maratha empire.

II. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. ............ was the father of Shivaji.
Answer: Shaji Bhonsle
In simple words: Shivaji's father was named Shaji Bhonsle. He was a military general who served various Deccan Sultanates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the full names and key family relations of important historical figures.

Question 2. Shivaji's mother ............
Answer: Jijabai.
In simple words: Shivaji's mother was Jijabai. She greatly influenced his upbringing and values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical figures often have strong parental influences; note these relationships as they can be key to understanding their motivations.

Question 3. Two great Hindu epics are ............ and the ............
Answer: Ramayana, Mahabharatha.
In simple words: The Ramayana and Mahabharata are two very old and important Hindu stories. They teach many lessons about life and dharma.

🎯 Exam Tip: These epics are fundamental to Indian culture and history; understanding their names is a basic cultural fact.

Question 4. The strength of Shivaji's army was ............ Soldiers.
Answer: Mavali foot
In simple words: Shivaji's army relied heavily on Mavali foot soldiers. These were local people from the hilly Mavali region, known for their bravery and knowledge of the terrain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the unique strengths of armies, such as the type of soldiers and their special skills, as they often decided battles.

Question 5. Shivaji conquered Javali in ............
Answer: 1656
In simple words: Shivaji captured Javali in the year 1656. This victory was an important step in his efforts to expand his kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important dates like these mark significant turning points in historical narratives and should be memorized.

Question 6. Aurangzeb's uncle and the Mughal general were................
Answer: Shaista Khan
In simple words: Shaista Khan was Aurangzeb's uncle and a powerful Mughal general. He tried to defeat Shivaji but faced setbacks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key figures in conflicts, like generals and commanders, are important to remember, especially their relation to major rulers.

Question 7. Shivaji plundered Surat in ............
Answer: 1664.
In simple words: Shivaji attacked and looted the rich city of Surat in 1664. This action was a major blow to the Mughal empire and helped Shivaji gather resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific raids and their dates are significant as they show military strategy and impact on trade centers.

Question 8. Chatrapati means ............
Answer: Parasolpati
In simple words: The word 'Chatrapati' means 'lord of the parasol'. This title was used for kings, showing their high status and protection over their people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the meaning of royal titles provides insight into the culture and values of the time.

Question 9. The village headman in Maratha kingdom was ............
Answer: Patil.
In simple words: In the Maratha kingdom, the Patil was the head of a village. This person was responsible for law and order and collecting taxes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Local administrative roles like the village headman (Patil) were crucial for governance and maintaining order at the grassroots level.

Question 10. ............ was the chief Justice in the Marathon empire.
Answer: Nyayadhish
In simple words: The Nyayadhish was the chief justice in the Maratha empire. They were in charge of the judicial system and giving fair judgments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key positions in the judicial system are important for understanding how justice was managed in historical empires.

Question 11. Shahu mean ............
Answer: honest
In simple words: The name Shahu is associated with honesty. Shahu was an important Maratha ruler and a grandson of Shivaji.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sometimes names have meanings that reflect virtues or characteristics, which can be useful context.

Question 12.Two prominent Maratha families are ............
Answer: Gaikwad, Peshwa
In simple words: Two important Maratha families were the Gaikwads and the Peshwas. They both played big roles in the Maratha empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing prominent family names is essential for understanding the power structure and political landscape of an era.

Question 13. During the period of the ............ the northern frontiers of the Maratha state extended
Answer: Peshwa Balaji Bajiro
In simple words: The Maratha kingdom expanded its northern borders during the time of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. His leadership helped spread Maratha influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link periods of territorial expansion with the specific rulers or leaders responsible for them.

Question 14. The revenue administration of Peshwa was headed by a key official called ............
Answer: Kamavisdar
In simple words: The revenue system under the Peshwas was managed by a special officer called the Kamavisdar. This person oversaw the collection of taxes and managed the income of the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always note the names of officials responsible for specific administrative tasks, like revenue collection, as they show how the government worked.

Question 15. the Third Battle of Panipat was fought in the year ............
Answer: 1761 A.D
In simple words: The Third Battle of Panipat happened in 1761. This battle was a major event and had a big impact on the Maratha empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Crucial battles and their dates are central to understanding the course of history and their long-term consequences.

III. Match the following

Question. Match the following.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly understanding the duties of each official helps you match them correctly and shows a good grasp of the administrative structure.

IV. State true or false:

Question 1. The Bhakti Movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness
Answer: True
In simple words: The Bhakti Movement helped the Maratha people feel more united and aware of their shared identity. It brought people together through devotion and common cultural values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize how social and religious movements, like the Bhakti movement, can profoundly influence political and cultural unity in a region.

Question 2. The forces of Shivaji Plundered Surat in 1674.
Answer: False
In simple words: Shivaji plundered Surat in 1664, not 1674. There were two such raids, but the first significant one was in 1664.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to dates as they are crucial for accuracy in historical events and often used to create false statements.

V. Consider the following statements. Tick (√) the appropriate answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A) : Shivaji's father captivated by the Sultan of Bijapur. Reason (R) : Shivaji's Military raids angered the Sultan of Bijapur.
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer: (b) R is the correct explanation of A
In simple words: The Sultan of Bijapur was angry because Shivaji was doing military raids. This anger led the Sultan to capture Shivaji's father, Shahji.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, always check if the reason directly explains the assertion, not just states a related fact.

Question 2. Assertion (A) : Bajirao assumed the powers of the commands in chief Reason (R) : He didn't want to depend on Deshmukh's
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer: (a) R is not the correct explanation of A
In simple words: Bajirao took over the powers of the commander-in-chief, but this was not because he did not want to rely on the Deshmukhs. His assumption of power was due to broader political developments and his own ambition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the reason provides a direct and logical cause for the assertion, not just a related but distinct fact or event.

Question 3. Find the odd one out.
1. Shurunavis, Waqia - Navis, Sumant, Kamavisdar
Answer: Kamavisdar
In simple words: Shurunavis, Waqia-Navis, and Sumant were all part of the Ashtapradhan, Shivaji's council of eight ministers. Kamavisdar was an official under the Peshwas, not a member of Shivaji's Ashtapradhan, making it the odd one out.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the members of key administrative councils, like the Ashtapradhan, helps in identifying who doesn't belong.

VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1. Who were the notable saints of the Bhakthi movement?
Answer: Eknath, Tukaram, and Ramdas were the notable saints of the Bhakti Movement. These saints preached devotion and social equality across all sections of society.
In simple words: Eknath, Tukaram, and Ramdas were important Bhakti saints. They taught people about devotion and being equal.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for notable figures, list at least two or three key names to ensure full marks.

Question 2. What is the meaning of Chhatrapati?
Answer: Chhatra means 'parasol', and pati means 'master or lord'. So, Chhatrapati is the Sanskrit equivalent of King or Emperor. This regal title was specially used by the Marathas, particularly Shivaji, to signify his supreme authority.
In simple words: Chhatrapati means 'lord of the parasol'. It is a Sanskrit title for a king or emperor, used by Maratha rulers like Shivaji.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both parts of a compound word (Chhatra and Pati) to fully define its meaning and show depth of understanding.

Question 3. Name the prominent Maratha families.
Answer: The prominent Maratha families included:
• Gaekwad at Baroda
• Bhonsle at Nagpur
• Holkar at Indore
• Shinde or Scindhia at Gwalior
• Peshwa at Pune.
These families became powerful regional rulers during the decline of the central Maratha authority.
In simple words: The main Maratha families were the Gaikwad, Bhonsle, Holkar, Shinde, and Peshwa. Each family controlled a different area.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing families, try to also mention their respective regions if possible, as it adds valuable context.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1. What were the factors responsible for the rise of Marathas?
Answer: Several key factors helped the Marathas rise to power:
Geographical Features: The rocky and mountainous terrain of Maharashtra offered natural protection, which was very useful for guerrilla warfare against invaders.
Bhakti Movement and the Marathas: The Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra fostered a sense of shared identity and unity among the Maratha people. This spiritual awakening helped promote feelings of unity and social equality.
Literature and Language of the Marathas: The Marathi language and its literature played a crucial role in uniting the people. Shared stories and songs helped build a common bond.
These elements combined to create a strong sense of Maratha nationalism, which propelled their rise.
In simple words: The Marathas rose because of their strong local identity, unity from the Bhakti movement, and the protection given by their mountains. Their common language also helped them unite.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing historical rises, categorize factors into geographical, social, cultural, and political aspects for a complete answer.