Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 1 Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 2 Chapter 1 Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms

7th Social Science Guide Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. Who was the greatest ruler of Sangama Dynasty?
(a) Bukka
(b) Devaraya II
(c) Harihara II
(d) Krishna Devaraya
Answer: (b) Devaraya II
In simple words: Devaraya II was considered the most powerful king of the Sangama Dynasty. He helped expand the kingdom a lot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important rulers and their dynasties, as these are common questions in history exams.

Question 2. Which was the most common animal depicted on the pillars of Vijayanagara style?
(a) Elephant
(b) Horse
(c) Cow
(d) Deer
Answer: (b) Horse
In simple words: In Vijayanagara art, especially on temple pillars, the horse was often carved. It showed their love for horses and their importance in warfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific cultural and artistic details mentioned in the text, as they often appear in objective questions.

Question 3. Who was the last ruler of the Sangama Dynasty?
(a) Rama Raya
(b) Tirumaladeva Raya
(c) Devaraya II
(d) Virupaksha Raya II
Answer: (d) Virupaksha Raya II
In simple words: Virupaksha Raya II was the final ruler of the Sangama Dynasty, after whom another dynasty took over. This shows how dynasties changed over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the first and last rulers of important dynasties helps in understanding the timeline of historical events.

Question 4. Who ended the Sultanate in Madurai?
(a) Saluva Narasimha
(b) Devaraya II
(c) Kumara Kampana
(d) Tirumaladeva Raya
Answer: (c) Kumara Kampana
In simple words: Kumara Kampana was the person who defeated the Sultanate in Madurai, bringing that region under Vijayanagara control. This was a significant military achievement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Major military victories and the leaders responsible for them are key facts for historical recall.

Question 5. Name the Bahmani King who was a linguist and a poet.
(a) Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah
(b) Muhammad I
(c) Sultan Firoz
(d) Mujahid
Answer: (c) Sultan Firoz
In simple words: Sultan Firoz was a Bahmani king who was not just a ruler, but also loved languages and writing poetry. This shows his interest in learning and culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Rulers known for their cultural or intellectual contributions are important to remember, as it highlights their broader impact.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1. ...........was the capital of the Aravidu dynasty.
Answer: Penukonda
In simple words: Penukonda was the main city where the Aravidu dynasty ruled from. It served as their center of power and governance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the capital cities associated with different dynasties, as they are fundamental geographical facts.

Question 2. Vijayanagar emperor's issued a large number of gold coins called Warable.
Answer: Varaha
In simple words: The Vijayanagar emperors made many gold coins, and these coins were known as Varaha. These coins were an important part of their economy and trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific terms related to currency and economic practices of historical kingdoms are often tested.

Question 3. Mahmud Gawan used ................. chemists to teach the preparation and use of gunpowder.
Answer: Persian
In simple words: Mahmud Gawan used chemists from Persia to teach others how to make and use gunpowder. This helped the Bahmani army become stronger with new weapons technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the origin of technological advancements and cultural exchanges in history is crucial.

Question 4. In Vijayanagara administration ................ looked after the affairs of villages.
Answer: Gauda
In simple words: In the Vijayanagara kingdom, the Gauda was the person in charge of managing everything in the villages. They were like the village headmen, responsible for local affairs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key administrative positions and their roles are important for understanding how historical kingdoms were governed.

III. Match the Following:

Answer:

In simple words: This table matches important people, places, and terms from the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms. For example, Vijayanagara means "City of victory," and Krishnadevaraya's court had "Astadiggajas," which were eight famous scholars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create flashcards for matching questions, focusing on key figures, their achievements, and associated terms.

IV. Match the Statement with the Reason. Tick (√) the Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A): The Vijayanagar army was considered one of the feared armies in India. Reason (R): Vijayanagar armies used both firearms and cavalry.
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer: (b) R is correct explanation of A
In simple words: The Vijayanagar army was strong because they used both guns and horses well. This combination of advanced weapons and fast-moving soldiers made them very powerful.

🎯 Exam Tip: For assertion-reason questions, first check if both statements are true. Then, see if the reason directly explains the assertion.

Question 2. Find out the wrong pair
(a) Silk - China
(b) Spices - Arabia
(c) Precious stone - Burma
(d) Madurai Vijayam - Gangadevi
Answer: (b) Spices - Arabia
In simple words: While spices were traded in Arabia, they were mainly grown in India and Southeast Asia, not primarily from Arabia itself. This makes it the incorrect pair, as the others accurately link items to their origin.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying wrong pairs, check each option carefully against your knowledge of historical facts and geographical origins.

Question 3. Find the odd one out Harihara II, Muhammad I, Krishnadeva Raya, Devaraya I.
Answer: Muhammad I
In simple words: All the other names – Harihara II, Krishnadeva Raya, and Devaraya I – were rulers from the Vijayanagar Empire. Muhammad I, however, was a ruler from the Bahmani Kingdom, making him the odd one out.

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the odd one out, group the given items by a common characteristic; the item that doesn't fit the group is the answer.

Question 4. Consider the following statements and find out which is/are correct
I) Turquoise throne is one of the bejeweled royal seats of Persian kings described in Firdausi's Shah Nama.
II) The fertile regions between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra and Krishna-Godavari delta were the zones of conflict among the rulers of Vijayanagar, and Bahmani.
III) Muhammad I was educated at Multan.
IV) Mahmud Gawan served with great distinction as the Prime Minister under Muhammad III.
(a) i), ii) are correct
(b) i), ii), iii) are correct
(c) i), iii), iv) are correct
(d) iii), iv) are correct
Answer: (a) i), ii) are correct
In simple words: Statements I and II are correct. The Turquoise throne is a real historical item from Persian kings. Also, the rich land between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers was a common reason for fights between Vijayanagar and Bahmani rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple-statement questions, evaluate each statement individually as true or false before combining them to find the correct option.

V. True or False:

Question 1. Harihara and Bukka were the founders of the Bahmani kingdom.
Answer: False
In simple words: Harihara and Bukka actually founded the Vijayanagar Empire, not the Bahmani kingdom. Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah founded the Bahmani kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with who founded which empire; it's a common point of confusion.

Question 2. Krishnadeva Raya, who reigned for 20 years, was the most illustrious ruler of the Sangama dynasty.
Answer: False
In simple words: Krishnadeva Raya was indeed a great ruler and reigned for about 20 years, but he belonged to the Tuluva dynasty, not the Sangama dynasty. This is a common historical detail to mix up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate rulers with their correct dynasties to avoid errors in True/False questions.

Question 3. Alasani Peddana was the greatest of all Astadiggajas.
Answer: True
In simple words: Alasani Peddana was indeed considered the most important among the Astadiggajas, who were the eight scholars in Krishnadevaraya's court. He was highly regarded for his literary works.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key figures and their specific contributions or status (like 'greatest') is important for detailed knowledge.

Question 4. Kingship of Vijayanagar administration was hereditary, based on the principle of primogeniture.
Answer: True
In simple words: In the Vijayanagar kingdom, the kingship was passed down from father to son, usually to the eldest son, which is called primogeniture. This ensured a continuous line of succession within the ruling family.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand terms like 'hereditary' and 'primogeniture' to grasp the succession patterns of historical empires.

Question 5. There were 18 monarchs of the Bahmani dynasty.
Answer: True
In simple words: The Bahmani dynasty had a total of 18 rulers throughout its history. This gives us an idea of how long the dynasty lasted and how many kings ruled it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers related to the duration or number of rulers in a dynasty are good facts to remember.

VI. Answer in One or Two Sentences:

Question 1. The four dynasties of the Vijayanagara kingdom with reference to prominent rulers of each dynasty.
Answer: The four dynasties of the Vijayanagara kingdom and their prominent rulers are:
1. Sangama Dynasty - Devaraya II
2. Saluva Dynasty - Saluva Narasimha
3. Tuluva Dynasty - Krishnadevaraya
4. Aravidu Dynasty - Tirumaladeva
In simple words: The Vijayanagara kingdom had four main ruling families: Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu. Each dynasty had important kings like Devaraya II and Krishnadevaraya.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list dynasties and their rulers, ensure accuracy in both names and their corresponding dynasty.

Question 2. Battle of Talikota.
Answer:
• The Sultans of Deccan kingdoms formed a group to fight against the Vijayanagar Empire.
• This battle is also known as 'Rakasa Tangadi' or 'Battle of Talikota'.
• They fought at Talikota in 1565 A.D. Vijayanagar was defeated.
• All the buildings, Palaces and temples were destroyed in the capital city Hampi.
In simple words: The Battle of Talikota in 1565 was a big fight where many Deccan Sultans teamed up against Vijayanagar. Vijayanagar lost, and its capital, Hampi, was destroyed. This battle was a major turning point in history.

🎯 Exam Tip: For major battles, remember the year, who fought, the outcome, and its significance.

Question 3. The structure of governance in the Vijayanagar kingdom.
Answer:
• The Vijayanagar empire was divided into different parts: mandalams, nadus, sthalas, and gramas.
• Each province was ruled by a Mandalesvara.
• Each village had a grama sabha (village council). The Gauda, who was the village headman, took care of village matters.
• The army had infantry (foot soldiers), cavalry (horse soldiers) with firearms, and elephant corps (elephants).
In simple words: The Vijayanagar kingdom had a clear way of ruling, dividing land into smaller parts from big to small. Villages had their own leaders, and the kingdom had a strong army with different types of soldiers, including those with guns. This system helped them manage a large area.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing administration, break it down into different levels (empire, province, village) and specific roles.

Question 4. The five independent kingdoms of Deccan Sultanate.
Answer: The five independent kingdoms of Deccan were Bidar, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar and Golconda.
In simple words: After the Bahmani kingdom broke up, five new independent kingdoms formed in the Deccan region: Bidar, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar, and Golconda. These kingdoms became powerful in their own right.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names of the five Deccan Sultanates, as they are a frequent topic in regional history.

Question 5. The educational reforms of Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah.
Answer:
• Hasan Shah took special care in establishing a school to educate his sons.
• He also opened institutions for noble families' children to learn military arts.
In simple words: Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah cared about learning. He started a school for his own children and also set up places where children from important families could learn how to fight and be good soldiers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on specific actions or policies when asked about reforms by a ruler.

VII. Answer in Detail:

Question 1. Discuss the career and achievements of Krishna Devaraya.
Answer:
(i) Krishnadevaraya ruled for 20 years and was the most famous ruler of the Tuluva dynasty. He was a very strong and capable king.
(ii) He took control of the small, independent chiefs in the Tungabhadra area, bringing them under his rule.
(iii) The Bahmani sultan, Mahmud Shah, was held captive by his minister. Krishnadevaraya freed the sultan and put him back on his throne. Prataparudra, a ruler, sought peace and offered his daughter for marriage to Krishnadevaraya.
(iv) Krishnadevaraya accepted the peace offer and gave back the land he had won from Prataparudra.
(v) With the help of Portuguese gunners, Krishnadevaraya easily defeated the Sultan of Golconda. After this, he took over Raichur from the ruler of Bijapur. This shows his military strength and strategic alliances.
A Great Builder:
(i) Krishnadevaraya built many large tanks and reservoirs to collect rainwater, which was important for farming and daily life.
(ii) He constructed famous temples like Krishnaswamy, Hazara Ramaswamy, and Vithalaswamy in Hampi, his capital city.
(iii) He used the wealth gained from wars to build temple gateways (gopura) for major temples in South India. These grand gateways were called 'Rayagopuram' and were built in his honor.
(iv) He had good relationships with Portuguese and Arabian traders, which helped increase the empire's income through customs.
Patron of Literature, Art and Architecture:
Krishnadevaraya supported art and literature. Eight famous scholars, known as Astadiggajas, were part of his court. He made his court a center for learning and creativity.
In simple words: Krishnadevaraya was a very powerful and smart king of the Tuluva dynasty who ruled for 20 years. He was a great general, winning many battles and expanding his empire, even freeing a Bahmani sultan. He was also a big builder, making many tanks and famous temples. He supported writers and artists, making his court home to eight famous scholars. He truly left a big mark on history.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing a ruler's achievements, categorize them (e.g., military, administration, construction, culture) for a structured and comprehensive answer.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1. Discuss the causes for the decline of the Vijayanagar rule. To what extent the Bahmani sultans contributed to it?
Answer:
• After Krishna Devaraya, the rulers were not as effective in the Vijayanagar empire. Commanders used this weakness to declare themselves independent.
• There were frequent wars between Vijayanagar and the Bahmani Kingdom, which made the country financially weak. These constant conflicts drained their resources.
• Finally, the sultans of the Deccan Kingdoms formed a group to fight against Vijayanagar. Their combined forces defeated Vijayanagar in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 A.D.
• These sultans destroyed the buildings, palaces, temples, and the capital city of Hampi, which was a huge blow to the empire.
In simple words: After Krishnadevaraya, the kings of Vijayanagar were not strong, leading to local leaders breaking away. Constant wars with the Bahmani sultans also made the empire poor. Finally, many Deccan sultans joined together and defeated Vijayanagar in the Battle of Talikota, destroying their capital Hampi. The Bahmani sultans and their successors played a big part in weakening and eventually bringing down the Vijayanagar Empire through continuous warfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing decline, identify both internal weaknesses (e.g., weak rulers, internal conflicts) and external pressures (e.g., wars with other kingdoms).

X. Answer Grid:

Question 1. Name the kingdom ruled by 18 monarchs which lasted for nearly 180 years.
Answer: Bahmani Kingdom
In simple words: The Bahmani Kingdom was ruled by 18 kings and lasted for about 180 years. This kingdom was a powerful force in the Deccan region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on numerical details like the number of rulers or duration when presented in a grid format.

Question 2. Name the Bahmani Sultan who was restored to the throne by Krishna Devaraya?
Answer: Mahmud Shah
In simple words: Krishna Devaraya helped put Bahmani Sultan Mahmud Shah back on his throne. This was an act of political strategy by Krishnadevaraya.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific instances of one ruler helping another, as these often highlight key political relationships.

Question 3. Name the book written by Krishna Devaraya in Sanskrit.
Answer: Jambavati Kaiyanam
In simple words: Krishnadevaraya, who was also a writer, wrote a book in Sanskrit called Jambavati Kaiyanam. This shows his talent beyond just ruling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Literary works by rulers are important to recall, especially their titles and the language they were written in.

Question 4. Where did Hasan Bahman Shah shift his capital.
Answer: Gulbarga
In simple words: Hasan Bahman Shah moved his kingdom's main city, or capital, to Gulbarga. Changing the capital was a big decision that affected the kingdom's administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Capital cities and their changes are key geographical and administrative facts to remember.

7th Social Science Guide Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. The repressive measures of which Muslim king led to the rise of newly independent states?
(a) Balban
(b) Ala - ud - din Khilji
(c) Muhammed - bin - Tughlaq
Answer: (c) Muhammed - bin - Tughlaq
In simple words: The harsh rules and policies of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq caused many regions to break away and form their own independent kingdoms. This shows how a ruler's decisions can lead to big changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific policies of rulers to their historical consequences, such as the rise or fall of states.

Question 2. Battle of Talikota was fought in the year.
(a) 1550
(b) 1555
(c) 1560
(d) 1565
Answer: (d) 1565
In simple words: The important Battle of Talikota, which severely weakened the Vijayanagar Empire, happened in the year 1565. Remembering the exact year of key events is vital for history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the specific years for major battles and historical turning points.

Question 3. The poem Madura Vijayam composed by
(a) Kumara Kampana
(b) Ganga Devi
(c) Ibn Battuta
(d) Abdur Razzaq
Answer: (b) Ganga Devi
In simple words: The poem called Madura Vijayam was written by Ganga Devi. This epic poem tells the story of Kumara Kampana's victory in Madurai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate literary works with their authors, especially when they document historical events.

Question 4. The Eight Eminent Luminaries in Literature were known as
(a) Ashoka Pradhan
(b) Navaratnas
(c) Amukta Malyada
(d) Astadiggajas
Answer: (d) Astadiggajas
In simple words: The eight famous scholars and poets in Krishnadevaraya's court were together called Astadiggajas. They were very important for literature and learning during that time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific terms for groups of scholars or talented individuals in royal courts are important vocabulary.

Question 5. A Persian emissary who visited the court of Krishna Devaraya was
(a) Wassuf
(b) Marcopolo
(c) Ibn Battuta
(d) Abdur Razzaq
Answer: (d) Abdur Razzaq
In simple words: Abdur Razzaq was a special visitor from Persia who came to Krishnadevaraya's court. He wrote down his experiences, giving us important information about the Vijayanagar Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember foreign travelers and diplomats who visited historical courts, as their writings provide valuable historical insights.

Question 6. Who wrote a Telugu epic Amuktamalyada?
(a) Krishna Devaraya
(b) Tenali Ramakrishna
(c) Allasani Peddana
(d) Tukkanna
Answer: (a) Krishna Devaraya
In simple words: The great king Krishnadevaraya himself wrote an important Telugu poem called Amuktamalyada. This shows he was not only a powerful ruler but also a talented poet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific works authored by rulers, especially in regional languages, is a valuable historical detail.

Question 7. The Bahmani Kingdom was established in the year
(a) 1327
(b) 1337
(c) 1347
(d) 1350
Answer: (c) 1347
In simple words: The Bahmani Kingdom, a powerful Muslim kingdom in the Deccan, was founded in the year 1347. This marked a new era in South Indian history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Exact foundation years of major kingdoms are fundamental facts for creating a historical timeline.

Question 8. The territorial divisions of Bhamani Kingdom was ...........................
(a) District
(b) City
(c) Tarafs
(d) Capital
Answer: (c) Tarafs
In simple words: The Bahmani Kingdom was divided into regions called Tarafs for easier management. Each Taraf had its own governor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific administrative terms like 'Tarafs' when studying medieval Indian kingdoms, as they often appear in exams.

Question 9. Wasir – i – ashraf was the minister of in the Bahmani Kingdom
(a) Finance
(b) Deputy finance
(c) Foreign affairs
(d) Police affairs
Answer: (c) Foreign affairs
In simple words: The Wasir-i-ashraf was an important minister who handled all matters related to other countries for the Bahmani Kingdom. They looked after diplomatic relations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the roles of key ministers in historical administrations helps in understanding the governance structure of the period.

Question 10. The eighth Bahmani king was..........................
(a) Mahmud bavan
(b) Muhammad
(c) Zahan khan
(d) Sultan firoz
Answer: (d) Sultan firoz
In simple words: Sultan Firoz was the eighth king of the Bahmani Sultanate, known for his leadership. He was an important ruler during this period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Chronological order of rulers and their significant contributions are common knowledge points in history exams.

II. Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1. ........... and ........... are the two great kingdoms.
Answer: Vijayanagar, Bahmani
In simple words: In South India, Vijayanagar and Bahmani were two big and powerful kingdoms. They often had conflicts but also shared cultural influences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the major contemporary kingdoms and their locations when studying a specific historical period.

Question 2. Vijayanagar means ...........
Answer: the city of victory
In simple words: The name Vijayanagar actually means "City of Victory." This name reflected the kingdom's strong military and expansionist ambitions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the meaning of historical names can often provide insights into the nature or aspirations of a kingdom or place.

Question 3. ........... head of Saivite Sringeri mutt instructed to establish the Vijayanagar kingdom.
Answer: Vidyaranya
In simple words: The sage Vidyaranya, who was the leader of the Sringeri monastery, guided the founders to set up the Vijayanagar kingdom. His spiritual support was crucial.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key religious figures who influenced political decisions or the founding of kingdoms, as they play a significant role in history.

Question 4. The Vijayanagar ruler who recruited Muslim fighters in their army was ...........
Answer: Devaraya II
In simple words: Devaraya II, a ruler of Vijayanagar, included Muslim soldiers in his army. This showed a practical approach to strengthening his military.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific examples of rulers who adopted diverse military strategies or included different communities in their armed forces, as it shows adaptability.

Question 5. Saluva Dynasty was founded by ...........
Answer: Saluva Narasimha
In simple words: The Saluva Dynasty, which came after the Sangama Dynasty in Vijayanagar, was started by Saluva Narasimha. He took control to protect the kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the succession of dynasties and their founders in major kingdoms, as this helps in tracing historical timelines.

Question 6. Tuluva Dynasty was founded by ...........
Answer: Naras Nayaka
In simple words: The Tuluva Dynasty, which was the third dynasty to rule Vijayanagar, was established by Naras Nayaka. He played a key role in the kingdom's politics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the founders of each dynasty, as they often represent pivotal moments of transition or consolidation in a kingdom's history.

Question 7. Krishna deva Raya, with the assistance of the ........... easily defeated the Sultan of Golconda.
Answer: Portuguese gunners
In simple words: Krishnadevaraya used help from Portuguese gunners, who had advanced weapons, to easily defeat the Sultan of Golconda. This shows the importance of new military technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how foreign alliances or military aid influenced the outcomes of battles and political power in historical periods.

Question 8. Rayagopuram were built by ...........
Answer: Krishna Devaraya
In simple words: Krishnadevaraya was known for building grand temple gateways called Rayagopurams. These huge structures showed his power and devotion.

🎯 Exam Tip: When studying rulers, note their contributions to art and architecture, as these are often significant achievements that reflect their reign.

Question 9. The notable in Krishnadevaraya Patron was ...........
Answer: Tenali Ramakrishna
In simple words: Tenali Ramakrishna was a famous poet and scholar who was supported by Krishnadevaraya. He was part of the king's special group of eight scholars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures in a ruler's court, especially in literature or arts, as they often symbolize the cultural achievements of that era.

Question 10. Battle of Talikota also known as ...........
Answer: Rakasa Tangadi
In simple words: The Battle of Talikota, a very important battle, is also known by another name, Rakasa Tangadi. This battle greatly changed the power balance in South India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For major historical events, be aware of any alternative names or terms, as questions might use either name.

Question 11. Krishna Devaraya was succeeded by ...........
Answer: Achtyuda Deva Raya
In simple words: After Krishnadevaraya, Achyuta Deva Raya became the next ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire. He faced many challenges during his reign.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the order of succession for prominent rulers helps in tracing the continuity and changes within a kingdom.

Question 12. Vijayanagar Empire collapsed in the year ...........
Answer: 1646
In simple words: The Vijayanagar Empire finally ended in the year 1646. This marked the close of a powerful South Indian kingdom after many internal and external struggles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key dates for the rise and fall of major empires are important for understanding historical timelines and broad historical trends.

Question 13. Vijayanagar Provinces were administered by ...........
Answer: Mandalesvara
In simple words: The provinces of the Vijayanagar Empire were managed by officials called Mandalesvara. These administrators were responsible for maintaining order and collecting taxes in their regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the administrative hierarchy and designations of officials in historical kingdoms, as this reflects their governance structure.

Question 14. The new style of temple building temple was introduced by Vijayanagar rulers is called ...........
Answer: Vijayanagara style
In simple words: The Vijayanagar rulers developed a special way of building temples, which became known as the Vijayanagara style. This style had unique features and grand designs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize specific architectural styles associated with different dynasties or kingdoms, as they are key cultural indicators.

Question 15. ........... contributed extensively to the development of the bhamani kingdom
Answer: Mahamud Gawan
In simple words: Mahmud Gawan played a huge role in helping the Bahmani kingdom grow and become strong. He was a very influential minister who brought many reforms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key ministers or advisors often have significant impacts on a kingdom's development; identify their roles and contributions.

III. Match The Following:

Answer:

In simple words: Bidar was known for its Madrasa (a place of learning). Ganga Devi wrote Madura Vijayam. Goda Devi is linked with Amukta Malyada (a literary work). Hampi was the capital, also known as Vijaya Nagar.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, connect key places with their features, authors with their works, and individuals with their associated terms.

IV. Match The Statement With The Reason. Tick (√) The Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A) : Several foreign nobles of the state to leave for their Provinces. Reason (R) : Gawan was executed.
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer: (b) R is correct explanation of A
In simple words: The execution of Gawan made many foreign nobles leave their provinces. This is because Gawan was a powerful figure who supported many foreign nobles, and his death caused instability.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then evaluate if the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Question 2. Find the odd one out
(a) Muhammad -1
(b) Mujahid
(c) Gawan
(d) Shihab – ud – din Mahmud
Answer: (c) Gawan
In simple words: Muhammad I, Mujahid, and Shihab-ud-din Mahmud were all Bahmani Sultans (rulers), while Gawan was a prime minister. So, Gawan is the one that doesn't fit with the others.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'odd one out' questions, identify the common category shared by three items and then find the one that does not belong to that category.

V. State True Or False:

Question 1. Vijayanagar temple architecture belonged to the Dravidian style of Architecture
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is false. Vijayanagar temple architecture actually has its own distinct style, which is often seen as an evolution of the Dravidian style, but with unique features. It is known for its grandeur and intricate carvings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about architectural styles; while influences exist, distinct styles have unique characteristics.

Question 2. The Capturing fertile regions between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra was the major cause for the wars between Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdom
Answer: True
In simple words: The statement is true. The rich land between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers was highly valued for its agricultural production. Both the Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms wanted to control this fertile region, which led to many conflicts between them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Economic factors, such as control over fertile lands or trade routes, were often primary causes of conflicts between historical kingdoms.

Question 3. The Delhi Sultanate was gradually broken up into six independent Deccan Kingdoms
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is false. The Delhi Sultanate broke up into many smaller independent kingdoms, but specifically in the Deccan region, the Bahmani Kingdom itself later broke up into five independent sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar, and Berar), not six.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the fragmentation of the Delhi Sultanate and the later disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom, as these are different historical events.

Question 4. Amir - i - Jumla was the finance minister of the Bahmani Kingdom.
Answer: True
In simple words: The statement is true. The Amir-i-Jumla was indeed the finance minister in the Bahmani Kingdom. This official was responsible for managing the kingdom's money matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the specific titles and roles of important officials in different kingdoms to answer questions about administrative structures.

VI. Answer In One Or Two Sentences:

Question 1. What is Astadiggajas?
Answer: Astadiggajas refers to the group of eight eminent scholars who excelled in literature and adorned the royal court of Krishnadevaraya. Notable persons among them included Alasani Peddana and Tenali Ramakrishnan.
In simple words: Astadiggajas were eight great scholars and poets who were part of King Krishnadevaraya's court. Alasani Peddana and Tenali Ramakrishnan were two famous members of this group.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining historical terms, always include key identifying features and, if possible, famous examples related to the term.

Question 2. What are countries did Vijayanagar had trade contact?
Answer: The Vijayanagar Empire had strong trade relationships with many countries. These included Persia, South Africa, Portugal, Arabia, China, Burma, various regions in South East Asia, and Sri Lanka. This vast network shows the empire's economic strength.
In simple words: Vijayanagar traded with many countries like Persia, Portugal, China, and Sri Lanka. They bought and sold goods across Asia and Africa.

🎯 Exam Tip: List as many countries as possible to show comprehensive knowledge when asked about trade relations or international contact.

Question 3. Who were the important scholars in Vijayanagar Empire?
Answer: The Vijayanagar Empire was home to many important scholars who contributed significantly to literature. Some of the key scholars included Srinatha, Pothana, Jakkama, Duggana, Tenali Ramakrishna, and Allasani Peddana. These figures enriched the cultural heritage of the empire.
In simple words: Important scholars in Vijayanagar were Srinatha, Pothana, Jakkama, Duggana, Tenali Ramakrishna, and Allasani Peddana. They were famous writers and thinkers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to name important figures, try to list at least three to four names to demonstrate a good understanding.

Question 4. What is Turquoise?
Answer: Turquoise is a beautiful semi-precious stone that is sky blue in color. In history, it was famously used as one of the precious gems on the royal seats of Persian kings, as described in Firdausi's Shah Nama, symbolizing luxury and royalty.
In simple words: Turquoise is a blue-green stone. It was a valuable gem used on the royal thrones of Persian kings, as written in an old book called Shah Nama.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing an object, provide both its physical characteristics and any significant historical or cultural context associated with it.

Question 5. What is the Special feature of Golconda fort?
Answer: The Golconda Fort, located about 11 kilometers from Hyderabad, boasts several special features. It is widely recognized for its impressive acoustic architecture, allowing sounds to travel across long distances. The fort's highest point is Bala Hissar, and it also features a secret underground tunnel that connected the Durbar Hall to palaces at the foot of the hills, offering an escape route.
In simple words: Golconda Fort near Hyderabad has special features like its amazing sound system where a clap can be heard far away. It also has a high point called Bala Hissar and a secret tunnel.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical sites, remember specific, unique features that set them apart, like acoustic properties or hidden passages, as these are often highlighted.

VII. Answer In Detail:

Question 1. Describe the eight ministers of the Bahmani state.
Answer: The Bahmani state had a structured administration with eight important ministers, each with specific duties:
1. Vakil-us-saltana – This minister acted as the Lieutenant of the Kingdom, essentially a chief deputy to the Sultan.
2. Peshwa – This role was closely associated with the lieutenant, often handling executive duties and acting as a prime minister.
3. Waziri-kull – This minister was responsible for overseeing and supervising the work of all the other ministers in the state.
4. Amir-i-jumla – This important minister was in charge of the state's finances, managing revenue and expenditure.
5. J. προτοταπ6 σכוT TOT Mance. (This part of the source is unreadable, but would typically detail another minister's role, such as 'Nazir - Assistant Minister of Finance').
6. Wasir-i-ashraf – This minister managed foreign affairs, dealing with other kingdoms and diplomatic relations.
7. Kotwal – This official held the critical role of Chief of Police and city magistrate, ensuring law and order.
8. Sadr-i-jahan – This minister was responsible for chief justice and also managed religious affairs and endowments.
In simple words: The Bahmani kingdom had eight main ministers who helped the king rule. They handled things like running the kingdom, managing money, dealing with other countries, keeping law and order, and looking after justice and religious matters. Each had a special job.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing administrative structures, list each position along with its primary function to provide a complete answer. If source text is unreadable, state exactly what was provided.

Question 2. Explain the life and achievements of Mahmud Gawan.
Answer: Mahmud Gawan was a highly influential Persian scholar and military leader who served as the prime minister under Muhammad III, the Sultan of the Bahmani Kingdom. He was well-educated in Islamic theory, Persian literature, and mathematics, and was also a talented poet and prose writer.

His Achievements:

• Gawan was renowned for his successful military campaigns, which greatly expanded the Bahmani territory. He was also praised for his administrative reforms that improved governance.
• He effectively utilized gunpowder in battles, notably against the Vijayanagar kings in Belgaum, showing his strategic military foresight.
• To prevent provincial governors from becoming too powerful, Gawan reorganized the Sultanate's four provinces into eight smaller ones, ensuring better control.
• The administrative changes he introduced significantly increased the efficiency and effectiveness of the Bahmani government, strengthening the kingdom internally.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing historical figures, always include both their personal qualities (life) and their major contributions (achievements) for a comprehensive answer.