Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 Social Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 1 Economics An Introduction

I. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The producers of food grains are ................
Answer: Farmers are the people who produce food grains. They grow crops to feed everyone. This ensures that food is available for the community.
In simple words: Farmers grow food grains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that farmers play a very important role in providing food for the whole country.

Question 2. Collection of honey is a ................ occupation.
Answer: Collecting honey is a primary occupation. It involves getting natural resources directly from nature. This type of job is foundational, as it gathers basic goods.
In simple words: Honey collection is a primary job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Primary occupations involve directly using natural resources, like farming or fishing.

Question 3. The conversion of raw materials into finished goods is called ................
Answer: Turning raw materials into finished products is called secondary activities. These activities change natural resources into items we can use. An example is making bread from wheat.
In simple words: Changing raw things into finished items is called secondary activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Secondary activities are about manufacturing and processing, adding value to raw materials.

Question 4. According to Gandhiji the villages are ................ of the nation.
Answer: According to Mahatma Gandhi, villages are the backbone of the nation. He believed that the strength and future of India depended on its villages. Healthy villages mean a strong country.
In simple words: Gandhiji said villages are the backbone of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about famous personalities, make sure to state their exact view or quote if possible.

Question 5. The percentage of population in the cities of Tamil Nadu is ................
Answer: The percentage of the population living in cities in Tamil Nadu is 47%. This shows that almost half of the people in the state live in urban areas. Many people move to cities for better opportunities.
In simple words: 47% of Tamil Nadu's people live in cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important statistics and percentages correctly for specific regions.

II. Match the Following

Answer:
1. Cattle rearing - Primary occupation (c)
2. Food processing - Secondary occupation (d)
3. Iron & Steel Industry - Tertiary occupation (a)
4. Telephone - Services (b)
5. Cotton Industry - Agro based industry (d)
In simple words: Cattle rearing is a primary job as it deals with animals. Food processing changes raw food, so it's secondary. Iron & Steel is a big industry, often supported by tertiary services. Telephone provides services, making it tertiary. Cotton industry uses farm produce, making it agro-based.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the definitions of primary, secondary, and tertiary occupations to correctly match them with examples.

III. Match and Find the Odd Pair

Answer:
1. Small scale Industry - Paper Industries (c)
2. Forest based Industries - Information Technology (d)
3. Services - Cattle rearing (b)
4. Banking - Transaction of Money (a)
In simple words: Small scale industries can include paper making. Forest-based industries use things from forests, so Information Technology is the odd one here as it's not related. Services are things like banking, not cattle rearing. Banking is mainly about money transactions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the core characteristic of each term (e.g., "small scale industry" refers to size, "forest based" to raw material) to find the correct match or the odd one out.

IV. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. Agriculture is a (primary / Secondary) occupation.
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
Answer: (a) Primary
In simple words: Agriculture is a primary job because it takes things directly from nature, like growing crops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that any activity directly extracting resources from nature falls under primary occupation.

Question 2. Economic activities are divided on the basis of (ownership / use)
(a) Ownership
(b) Use
Answer: (a) Ownership
In simple words: Economic activities are sorted by who owns them, like if they are private or government-owned.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the different criteria for classifying economic activities, such as ownership, nature of activity, or raw materials.

Question 3. Sugar Industries are (Primary / Secondary) activity
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
Answer: (b) Secondary
In simple words: Sugar industries are secondary because they process sugarcane (a raw material) into sugar (a finished product).

🎯 Exam Tip: Secondary activities involve processing or manufacturing raw materials into new products.

Question 4. Agro based industry (Cotton / Furniture)
(a) Cotton
(b) Furniture
Answer: (a) Cotton
In simple words: An agro-based industry uses things that come from farming, and cotton comes from plants grown on farms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Agro-based industries depend on agricultural products as their main raw materials.

Question 5. Dairy farming is a (Public sector/Co-operative sector)
(a) Public sector
(b) Co-operative sector
Answer: (b) Co-operative sector
In simple words: Dairy farming is often run by groups of people working together to share profits and resources, which is called a co-operative.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the different types of economic sectors, such as public, private, and co-operative, and their characteristics.

V. Answer the Following Questions

Question 1. Sandhai - Define
Answer: A "Sandhai" is a local market, usually held once a week or month in villages. In a Sandhai, people gather at a specific place and time to sell and buy things they need. This tradition helps meet the local community's needs.
In simple words: A Sandhai is a weekly or monthly market in villages where people buy and sell goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining terms, provide a clear explanation and mention key features like location, frequency, and purpose.

Question 2. What is called the barter system?
Answer: The barter system is a way of trading where people exchange goods or services directly for other goods or services, without using money. For example, someone might trade a bag of rice for enough clothes. This system was used before money became common.
In simple words: Barter is trading one thing for another without using money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include an example when defining a system like barter to make the explanation clear and complete.

Question 3. What is trade?
Answer: Trade is the act of giving and receiving goods or services between people or groups, usually in exchange for money. It allows people to get things they need or want that they cannot produce themselves. Trade helps the economy grow by moving products from producers to consumers.
In simple words: Trade is exchanging goods or services, often for money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that trade involves both goods and services, and usually money, in its definition.

Question 4. What is Savings?
Answer: Savings refer to the part of a person's income that is not spent on current needs or wants, but is kept aside for future use. It is the money remaining after all consumption expenses. Saving is important for future plans or unexpected situations.
In simple words: Savings are the money you keep from your income for later, after you have spent what you need.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that savings are for future needs and represent unspent income.

Question 5. What was the necessity for the invention of money?
Answer:
1. Money was invented because traders faced difficulties when exchanging goods directly due to differences in value. It was hard to agree on how much of one item was worth another. Money solved this problem by providing a common measure of value.
2. To make trading fair and easy, people created money. Money acts as a medium of exchange, making transactions much simpler than the barter system.
In simple words: Money was needed because it was hard to trade things directly when they had different values. Money made buying and selling much easier and fairer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key problem (difficulty in valuing goods in barter) that money solved, making transactions efficient.

Question 6. What was the reason for the development of settlements near water bodies?
Answer:
1. Rivers were the main source for growing crops. Early people needed water for their plants to get food. This made riverbanks ideal places for farming.
2. So, early humans chose to live permanently near rivers. The water provided not just for farming, but also for drinking, cooking, and transportation. Therefore, settlements grew where water was easily available.
In simple words: Settlements grew near rivers because rivers provided water for growing crops, and for daily needs like drinking and washing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing historical settlements, always link their location to essential resources like water and fertile land.

Question 7. What are called secondary occupation?
Answer: Secondary occupations involve taking raw materials obtained from primary activities and turning them into finished products. These activities process natural resources. For example, turning cotton into cloth or wood into furniture are secondary occupations.
In simple words: Secondary occupations change raw things into finished products.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish secondary occupations as those involved in manufacturing and construction, adding value to raw materials.

Question 8. Name the city-centered industries.
Answer: Some examples of industries that are often located in cities include cement industries, iron and aluminum industries, and seafood processing. These industries benefit from the availability of labor, markets, and transport facilities in urban areas. Cities provide the infrastructure needed for these types of large-scale operations.
In simple words: City industries include making cement, iron, aluminum, and processing seafood.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list examples, try to provide a few diverse ones that clearly fit the category.

VI. Answer the Following in Detail

Question 1. List out the important primary occupations of your district.
Answer: The important primary occupations that are commonly found in districts include:
1. Agriculture: This involves farming, growing crops like rice, wheat, or vegetables. It is a fundamental activity in many regions.
2. Cattle rearing: This includes raising cows, buffaloes, or other livestock for milk, meat, or labor. It is a traditional and vital source of income.
3. Collection of fruits, nuts, honey, and medicinal herbs: This activity involves gathering natural forest products. These items are often sold or used for local needs. These occupations depend directly on natural resources.
In simple words: Important primary jobs are farming, raising cattle, and collecting natural things like fruits, nuts, honey, and herbs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always list out activities clearly and distinctly when asked to "list out" important occupations, and link them back to their primary nature.

Question 2. Mention the manufacturing industries found in your district.
Answer: Manufacturing industries that can be found in a district often include:
1. Cotton textiles: These industries turn raw cotton into yarn and fabric.
2. Spinning and weaving: This is part of the textile process, creating threads and turning them into cloth.
3. Food processing industries: These take raw food items and prepare them for sale, like making juices or packaged snacks.
4. Beedi production: This industry involves making traditional hand-rolled cigarettes.
5. Wind power generations: This industry produces electricity using wind turbines. These industries are important for job creation and economic growth.
In simple words: Common industries are cotton textiles, making thread and cloth, processing food, making beedis, and generating wind power.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing industries, give a range of examples that reflect different types of manufacturing and resource use.

Question 3. How are the industries classified on the basis of raw materials?
Answer: Industries are classified into different types based on the raw materials they use:
1. Agro-Based Industries: These industries use agricultural products as their main raw materials. Examples include cotton textiles, sugar mills, and food processing units. They depend heavily on farming.
2. Forest-Based Industries: These industries get their raw materials from forests. Examples include paper mills, furniture making, and building materials (like timber). These industries support forest conservation.
3. Mineral-Based Industries: These industries use minerals and metals as their raw materials. Examples include cement, iron, and aluminum industries. They are usually located near mines.
4. Marine-Based Industries: These industries use products from the sea and oceans. An example is seafood processing. These industries are important in coastal areas.
In simple words: Industries are grouped by what they use: farm products (agro-based), forest products (forest-based), minerals (mineral-based), or sea products (marine-based).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly categorize industries by their raw material source and provide relevant examples for each category.

Question 4. Write down the occupations in the service sector.
Answer: The service sector, also known as the tertiary sector, involves occupations that provide services to people to fulfill their daily needs. These include:
1. Transport: This covers various ways people and goods move, such as roadways, railways, waterways, and airways. It connects places and helps trade.
2. Communication: This involves sending and receiving information, like postal services, telephones, and information technology. It keeps people connected.
3. Trade: This includes activities related to buying (procurement) and selling goods. It links producers and consumers.
4. Banking: This involves financial services like managing money transactions and offering banking services. It helps people save and borrow money. These services are vital for modern life.
In simple words: Service jobs include transport (roads, trains, boats, planes), communication (post, phone, internet), trade (buying and selling), and banking (managing money).

🎯 Exam Tip: For service sector occupations, list key areas and provide specific examples within each, showing how they fulfill daily needs.

Question 5. What do you know about the features of cities?
Answer: Cities have several distinct features that make them different from villages:
1. A city is a large human settlement: Cities are home to many more people than villages, making them densely populated areas.
2. The high density of population: Many people live in a small area in cities, leading to crowded conditions.
3. Four-way roads, flyovers, skyscrapers, parks: Cities have advanced infrastructure, including complex road networks, tall buildings, and public green spaces.
4. Educational institutions, hospitals, government offices: Cities offer many important services like schools, colleges, medical care, and public administration centers.
5. Private and public industries and technological institutions: Cities are centers for various businesses, factories, and places for technology development, providing many job opportunities.
6. Employment opportunities, permanent monthly income, basic requirements: Cities offer a wide range of jobs, often with regular monthly pay, and provide access to many essential goods and services. These features make cities hubs of economic and social activity.
In simple words: Cities are big places with lots of people living close together. They have big roads, tall buildings, parks, schools, hospitals, government offices, and many job options with regular pay.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing features, group similar points (e.g., infrastructure, services, economy) to create a well-structured answer.

VII. Fill in the Tabular Column Given Below

Answer: This table shows different types of jobs, categorizing them by where they are mainly found. Occupations in villages are mostly tied to nature and traditional crafts. City jobs are more about services and advanced industries. Some jobs, like shopkeeping and handicrafts, are found in both places. Understanding these differences helps to see how economies vary between rural and urban areas.
In simple words: The table lists jobs common in villages (like farming), cities (like banking), and some jobs found in both (like selling goods).

🎯 Exam Tip: When presented with a table to fill, carefully analyze each category and ensure your entries fit the description accurately.

Activity

Write the lyrics of Bharathiyar's “சிந்து நதியின் மிசை நிலவினிலே சேரநன் நாட்டிளம் பெண்களுடனே சுந்தர தெலுங்கினில் பாட்டிசைத்து தோணிகளோட்டி விளையாடி வருவோம் கங்கை நதிப்புறத்துக் கோதுமைப் பண்டம் காவிரி வெற்றிலைக்கு மாறு கொள்வோம் சிங்கமராட்டியர் தம் கவிதை கொண்டு சேரத்துத் தந்தங்கள் பரிசளிப்போம் சிங்களத் தீவினுக்கோர் பாலம் அமைப்போம் சேதுவை மேடுறுத்தி வீதி சமைப்போம் வங்கத்தில் ஓடி வரும் நீரின் மிகையால் மையத்து நாடுகளில் பயிர் செய்குவோம்”, Analyze the lyrics and write down the commodities which were exchanged in yesteryears with the help of the teacher.

(1) Wheat
(2) Betel
(3) Tusk

VIII. Stick Picture

Answer: This table requires you to stick pictures illustrating primary, secondary, and tertiary activities. For primary activities, you could use a picture of farming, fishing, or mining. For secondary, a factory making goods or construction work would be suitable. For tertiary, images of a teacher, a doctor, or someone working in a bank would fit. This visual exercise helps reinforce the understanding of different economic sectors.
In simple words: Stick pictures of jobs that get things from nature (primary), jobs that make things (secondary), and jobs that offer services (tertiary).

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose clear and simple images that directly represent each type of activity to effectively convey the concept.

I. Fill in the Blanks Answer

Question 1. The permanent settlements near the rivers were called ................
Answer: The permanent settlements near rivers were often called villages. Early communities settled by rivers because they provided essential resources like water for drinking and farming. This allowed for stable living and the growth of populations.
In simple words: Old settlements near rivers were called villages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the historical connection between rivers and the establishment of permanent human settlements due to resource availability.

Question 2. More than ................ percentage of the world's population live in cities.
Answer: More than 50 percentage of the world's population live in cities. This shows a global trend where more people are moving to urban areas. Cities offer various opportunities and amenities, attracting a significant portion of humanity.
In simple words: Over 50% of people worldwide live in cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep up-to-date with general statistics about global population distribution, especially urban vs. rural percentages.

Question 3. The ................ sector serves the people to fulfill their daily needs.
Answer: The service sector serves the people to fulfill their daily needs. This sector provides various services like transport, communication, health, and education. It plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life and supporting other economic sectors.
In simple words: The service sector helps people with their daily needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify the service sector as the one that provides non-material goods (services) to the population.

Question 4. One who uses the products is called ................
Answer: One who uses the products is called a consumer. Consumers are individuals or households who buy and use goods and services to satisfy their wants and needs. They are a vital part of any economy.
In simple words: A consumer is a person who uses products.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand basic economic terms like 'consumer,' 'producer,' and 'trader' and their roles.

Question 5. ................ are the real shadow of cities.
Answer: Villages are the real shadow of cities. This means that cities often depend on villages for resources, and the growth of cities can sometimes overshadow the needs of rural areas. It highlights the interconnectedness and contrast between urban and rural life.
In simple words: Villages are like the real shadow of cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a more philosophical statement; interpret it to mean the close relationship and dependency between rural and urban areas.

II. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. Tertiary activities are also called as sector ................
(a) Private
(b) Service
(c) Public
Answer: (b) Service
In simple words: Tertiary activities are also known as the service sector because they provide services instead of making goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that tertiary and service sector are interchangeable terms referring to the same economic activities.

Question 2. Secondary and tertiary activities are ................ centred activities.
(a) City
(b) Town
(c) Village
Answer: (a) City
In simple words: Both secondary (making things) and tertiary (services) jobs are usually found more in cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that manufacturing and service industries usually thrive in urban centers due to better infrastructure and market access.

Question 3. ................ is the main occupation in villages.
(a) Mining
(b) Fishing
(c) Farming
Answer: (c) Farming
In simple words: Farming is the main job in villages because it uses land to grow food for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate villages with primary occupations, with farming being the most prominent.

III. Answer the Following Questions

Question 1. Sandhai - Define
Answer: A "Sandhai" is a type of local market, typically held once a week or month in villages. In these markets, people gather at a specific spot and time to sell their goods and buy what they need. It serves as an important hub for trade and community interaction, meeting the daily requirements of the local population.
In simple words: A Sandhai is a village market that happens every week or month for buying and selling things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining cultural or local terms, provide context about their function and typical location.

Question 2. What is called the barter system?
Answer: The barter system is a traditional method of exchange where goods or services are traded directly for other goods or services, without the use of money. For example, a person might exchange a bag of rice for some clothes. This system relies on a "double coincidence of wants," meaning both parties must want what the other has. It was prevalent before currency was widely adopted.
In simple words: The barter system means swapping goods for other goods instead of using money. For example, trading rice for clothes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the barter system clearly and always include a simple, relatable example to illustrate its concept.

Question 3. What are consumer goods?
Answer: Consumer goods are finished products that are bought by individuals or households for their own personal use or consumption. These goods are used to satisfy daily needs and wants directly. Examples include food items, clothing, and household appliances. They are distinct from raw materials or goods used in production.
In simple words: Consumer goods are finished products that people buy for their own use, like food or clothes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that consumer goods are final products intended for direct personal consumption, not for further production.

Question 4. Who are cultivators?
Answer: Cultivators are people who are actively involved in farming, which means growing crops, and often also in grazing animals. They work the land to produce food and other agricultural products. These individuals are typically farmers who depend on agriculture for their livelihood. They play a crucial role in food security.
In simple words: Cultivators are people who farm the land and raise animals. They are farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define cultivators broadly to include both crop farming and animal grazing activities.

Question 5. How are industries classified?
Answer: Industries are classified based on several factors, primarily:
1. Availability of raw materials: This refers to the source of materials used, such as agro-based, mineral-based, forest-based, or marine-based industries.
2. Capital: Industries can be classified based on the amount of money invested, such as small-scale, medium-scale, or large-scale industries. This influences their production capacity.
3. Ownership: This categorizes industries based on who owns and controls them, such as public sector, private sector, joint sector, or co-operative sector. Each type has different management structures. Understanding these classifications helps in analyzing economic structure.
In simple words: Industries are grouped by their raw materials (what they use), the money invested (how big they are), and who owns them (private or government).

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide the main criteria for classification and a brief explanation for each, ensuring clarity on why these categories exist.

Question 6. Name the sectors that are helpful in the economic development of our country.
Answer: The primary sectors that significantly contribute to the economic development of a country are agriculture and industries. Agriculture provides food and raw materials, sustaining the population and feeding industries. Industries, including manufacturing and services, create goods, generate employment, and add value to raw materials. Both sectors are interdependent and essential for overall growth and prosperity. A balanced development of both is vital for a robust economy.
In simple words: Agriculture and industries are the main parts that help our country's economy grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the two foundational sectors (agriculture and industry) and briefly explain their contribution to national development.

IV. Mind Map

Answer: This mind map visually organizes key concepts related to economics and economic activities. It branches out from 'Economics' to important terms like 'Santhai', 'exchange commodities', and 'Savings'. It further details 'Activity' into its three main sectors: 'Primary activity', 'Secondary activity', and 'Tertiary activity'. Mind maps are useful tools for understanding and remembering how different concepts are connected. They provide a clear visual representation of information, making complex topics easier to grasp.
In simple words: This mind map shows how different ideas in economics are linked. It explains concepts like markets, trading, saving, and the three types of jobs (primary, secondary, and tertiary).

🎯 Exam Tip: When creating a mind map, use clear keywords and connect related ideas with lines to show their relationships, making it easy to read and understand.