Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 6 Human Organ Systems

I. Choose the correct answer:

 

Question 1. The circulatory system transports these throughout the body
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nutrient
(c) Hormones
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: The circulatory system moves many important things around our body, including oxygen, nutrients, and hormones. It makes sure everything reaches where it needs to go.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the circulatory system acts like a delivery network, carrying essential substances to all parts of the body.

 

Question 2. Main organ of respiration in human body is
(a) Stomach
(b) Spleen
(c) Heart
(d) Lungs
Answer: (d) Lungs
In simple words: The lungs are the most important body parts for breathing. They take in oxygen and send out carbon dioxide.

🎯 Exam Tip: When thinking about breathing, always associate it directly with the lungs as their main function.

 

Question 3. Breakdown of food into smaller molecules in our body is known as
(a) Muscle contraction
(b) Respiration
(c) Digestion
(d) Excretion
Answer: (c) Digestion
In simple words: Digestion is the process where our body breaks down food into very small pieces. These tiny pieces can then be used for energy and growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Digestion is a key term; remember it means breaking down food so the body can absorb its nutrients.

 

II. Fill in the Blanks

 

Question 1. A group of organs together make up an .......... system.
Answer: A group of organs together make up an organ system.
In simple words: When different organs work together for a specific job, they form an organ system. This helps the body do complex tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that organs don't work alone; they team up to form systems like the digestive or circulatory system.

 

Question 2. The part of the skeleton that protects the brain is ..........
Answer: The part of the skeleton that protects the brain is skull.
In simple words: Our brain is very important, so it is kept safe inside a hard bony case called the skull.

🎯 Exam Tip: The skull's primary role is protection; always link it to safeguarding the brain.

 

Question 3. The process by which the body removes waste is ..........
Answer: The process by which the body removes waste is excretion.
In simple words: Excretion is how our body gets rid of things it doesn't need. It's like cleaning out the waste.

🎯 Exam Tip: Excretion is the general term for waste removal; differentiate it from digestion which is about breaking down food.

 

Question 4. The .......... is the largest sense organ in our body.
Answer: The skin is the largest sense organ in our body.
In simple words: Our skin covers our entire body and helps us feel things like touch, heat, and cold. This makes it our biggest sense organ.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that skin is not just a covering; it's an active sense organ for touch and temperature.

 

Question 5. The endocrine glands produce chemical substances called ..........
Answer: The endocrine glands produce chemical substances called hormones.
In simple words: Endocrine glands make special chemicals called hormones. These hormones travel in the blood and control many body functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Hormones are vital chemical messengers; associate them with endocrine glands and regulation of body processes.

 

III. True or False. If False, give the correct answer.

 

Question 1. Blood is produced in the bone marrow.
Answer: False – Red blood cells (RBCs) are produced in the bone marrow.
In simple words: While bone marrow makes red blood cells, it doesn't produce all parts of blood. So, the statement is partly true but more specific for RBCs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with biological terms. While bone marrow is crucial for blood, it specifically produces blood cells, not the entire blood substance.

 

Question 2. All the waste products of the body are excreted through the circulatory system.
Answer: False – All the waste products are transported through the circulatory system.
In simple words: The circulatory system carries waste, but other systems, like the urinary system, actually remove it from the body. It's like a transport service, not the final disposal unit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between 'transport' (moving around) and 'excretion' (removing from the body) in biological processes.

 

Question 3. The other name of the food pipe is an alimentary canal.
Answer: False – The other name of the digestive tract is an alimentary canal.
In simple words: The alimentary canal is the whole path food takes from mouth to anus. The food pipe (esophagus) is just one part of this long path.

🎯 Exam Tip: The alimentary canal is a broader term encompassing all parts of the digestive tract, not just the esophagus.

 

Question 4. Thin tube-like structures which are the component of the circulatory system are called blood vessels.
Answer: True
In simple words: Blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood all over our body, and they are a key part of the circulatory system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) are essential components of the circulatory system for blood transport.

 

Question 5. The brain, the spinal cord, and nerves form the nervous system.
Answer: True
In simple words: The nervous system controls our body and is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and all the nerves. It sends messages quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember these three main parts: brain, spinal cord, and nerves, as they together manage all body communication.

 

IV. Match the following

Answer:
1. Ear - c. Sound
2. Skeletal System - e. Protection of internal organs
3. Diaphragm - b. Flat muscle
4. Heart - a. Cardiac muscle
5. Lungs - d. Air sacs
In simple words: Each organ or system has a specific function or characteristic. The ear helps us hear sound, the skeletal system protects organs, the diaphragm is a flat muscle for breathing, the heart has cardiac muscles, and the lungs contain air sacs for breathing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, first connect the most obvious pairs, then use elimination for the remaining ones.

 

V. Arrange in the correct sequence

 

Question 1. Stomach → Large intestine → Oesophagus → Pharynx → Mouth → Small Intestine → Rectum → Anus
Answer: Mouth → Pharynx → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum → Anus
In simple words: This shows the path food takes through our body, starting from the mouth and ending when waste leaves the body. Each part plays a role in digestion.

🎯 Exam Tip: To remember the digestive path, think of the journey food takes from eating to waste removal, listing each organ in order.

 

Question 2. Urethra → Ureter → Urinary Bladder → Kidney
Answer: Kidney → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra
In simple words: This is the path urine takes as it is made and removed from the body. The kidneys make urine, and it leaves through the urethra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Visualize the urinary system: kidneys filter blood to make urine, ureters carry it to the bladder for storage, and the urethra releases it.

 

VI. Analogy

 

Question 1. Arteries : Carry blood from the heart:: ...........: Carry blood to the heart.
Answer: Arteries : Carry blood from the heart:: Veins: Carry blood to the heart.
In simple words: Arteries take blood away from the heart, while veins bring blood back to the heart. They are like two different types of roads for blood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the "A" in Arteries for "Away" from the heart, and "V" in Veins for "Visiting" the heart.

 

Question 2. Lungs : Respiratory system :: ...........: Circulatory system.
Answer: Lungs : Respiratory system :: Heart: Circulatory system.
In simple words: Just as lungs are the main part of the breathing system, the heart is the main part of the system that moves blood around the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analogies often test the main organ-system relationship; identify the central component of each system.

 

Question 3. Enzymes: Digestive glands :: ...........: Endocrine glands
Answer: Enzymes: Digestive glands :: Hormones: Endocrine glands
In simple words: Digestive glands produce enzymes that help break down food. In the same way, endocrine glands produce hormones that control various body functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the 'product' of each gland type: digestive glands produce enzymes, endocrine glands produce hormones.

 

VII. Give a Very short answer:

 

Question 1. Describe the skeletal system.
Answer: The skeletal system is made of bones, cartilages, and joints. It provides a framework for the body and helps in movements like walking and running. Bones also protect our internal organs.
In simple words: The skeletal system is like our body's framework, made of bones and joints. It helps us move and protects our insides.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points for the skeletal system include its components (bones, cartilage, joints), its functions (support, movement, protection).

 

Question 2. Write the functions of epiglottis?
Answer: The epiglottis prevents food from entering the windpipe when we swallow. It opens to allow air into the windpipe when we breathe. This small flap of tissue plays a critical role in directing substances to the correct tubes.
In simple words: The epiglottis is a small flap that stops food from going into our windpipe while eating. It opens up for air when we breathe.

🎯 Exam Tip: The main function of the epiglottis is to act as a switch, separating the food and air passages to prevent choking.

 

Question 3. What are the three types of blood vessels?
Answer: The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries. Each type has a unique role in carrying blood throughout the body.
In simple words: The three kinds of tubes that carry blood are arteries, veins, and tiny capillaries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always list all three types of blood vessels: arteries (carry blood away), veins (carry blood to the heart), and capillaries (connect arteries and veins, where exchange happens).

 

Question 4. Define the term "Trachea"
Answer: The trachea, also known as the "windpipe," is a tube held open by cartilaginous rings. It connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing air to pass through for breathing. Without these rings, the windpipe could collapse.
In simple words: The trachea is like our windpipe, a tube with rings that helps air go from our throat to our lungs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key aspects of trachea are its function (air passage), structure (cartilaginous rings), and connection to the respiratory system.

 

Question 5. Write any two functions of the digestive system.
Answer: Two functions of the digestive system are converting complex food substances into simple forms and absorbing the digested food. This breakdown and absorption provide the body with energy and nutrients.
In simple words: The digestive system breaks down big food particles into small ones. It then takes in these small, useful food parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: The two main roles of the digestive system are breaking down food (digestion) and taking in nutrients (absorption).

 

Question 6. Name the important parts of the eye? Three main parts.
Answer: The three main parts of the eye are the cornea, iris, and pupil. These parts work together to let us see the world around us.
In simple words: The three main parts of the eye are the cornea, the iris, and the pupil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember these three basic structures for the eye's anatomy: cornea (outer layer), iris (color), and pupil (opening for light).

 

Question 7. Name the five important sense organs.
Answer: The five important sense organs are eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. Each organ helps us experience a different aspect of our environment.
In simple words: We have five main sense organs: eyes for seeing, ears for hearing, nose for smelling, tongue for tasting, and skin for feeling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure you can name all five sense organs and briefly state what each helps us do.

 

VIII. Give a short answer:

 

Question 1. Write a short note on the rib cage.
Answer: The rib cage is made up of 12 pairs of curved, flat rib bones. Its main job is to protect the delicate vital organs like the heart and lungs inside the chest. This bony structure forms a protective shield.
In simple words: The rib cage is a set of 12 pairs of curved bones. It keeps our heart and lungs safe inside our chest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the structure (pairs of curved bones) and the primary function (protection of heart and lungs) when describing the rib cage.

 

Question 2. List out the functions of the human skeleton.
Answer: The human skeleton has several important functions:
1. It gives shape to the body.
2. Bones provide a framework for the body.
3. Bones work with muscles to help in movements like walking, running, chewing, and dancing.
4. It protects the soft internal organs from injury. The skeleton also stores minerals and produces blood cells.
In simple words: Our skeleton gives our body its shape, helps us move with our muscles, and protects our soft organs inside.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key functions of the skeleton include support, movement, and protection. Make sure to mention all three.

 

Question 3. Differentiate between the voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles.

Answer: Voluntary muscles are attached to our bones and we can control them, like when we decide to move our arm. Involuntary muscles are found in organs like our stomach and heart, and they work on their own without us thinking about them. This allows vital body functions to continue automatically.
In simple words: Voluntary muscles are ones we can choose to move, like our arm muscles. Involuntary muscles work by themselves, like the muscles in our stomach or heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key difference is control: voluntary muscles are under conscious control, while involuntary muscles function automatically.

 

IX. Answer in detail:

 

Question 1. List out the functions of the Endocrine system and Nervous system.
Answer: The endocrine system and nervous system both control body functions, but in different ways.

Functions of the Endocrine system:
1. The endocrine system manages various body functions and helps keep the internal environment stable.
2. Endocrine glands create chemical substances called hormones, which control different activities in the body. For example, growth hormone controls how we grow, and adrenaline hormone helps us during fear or stress.

Functions of the nervous system:
1. Sensory input: It receives signals from sensory receptors, like when you touch something hot.
2. Integration: It understands these signals and decides what to do next.
3. Motor output: It sends signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, telling them to act, like pulling your hand away from the hot object.
In simple words: The endocrine system uses hormones to control things like growth, while the nervous system uses electrical signals to sense, think, and react quickly. Both systems help our body work properly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the endocrine system works with hormones for slow, long-term regulation, while the nervous system uses electrical impulses for fast, short-term responses.

 

Question 2. Label the diagram given below to show the four main parts of the urinary system and answer the following questions.

(The image shows a diagram of the urinary system with kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra)

a. Which organ removes extra salts and water from the blood?
b. Where is the urine stored?
c. What is the tube through which urine is excreted out of the body?
d. What are the tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder called?
Answer:
a. The functional units of the kidney are called Nephrons which filter the blood and form the urine. So, the kidneys remove extra salts and water from the blood.
b. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
c. Urine is expelled out through the urethra.
d. The tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder are called ureters.
In simple words: The kidneys clean the blood and make urine. This urine goes through tubes called ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. When it's time to pee, the urine leaves the body through the urethra.

🎯 Exam Tip: For the urinary system, know the function of each part: kidneys (filter blood, make urine), ureters (carry urine), bladder (store urine), and urethra (release urine).

 

X. Questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills

 

Question 1. What will happen if the diaphragm shows no movement?
Answer: If the diaphragm does not move:
1. The diaphragm is the most important muscle for breathing.
2. When the diaphragm moves, it makes the lungs expand, creating a space for air.
3. This causes air to be sucked into the lungs.
4. If the diaphragm stops moving, the lungs cannot expand or get smaller, so breathing stops.
5. Without breathing, the person will eventually die. The diaphragm's constant movement is essential for life.
In simple words: If the diaphragm stops moving, our lungs won't be able to take in or push out air. This means breathing will stop, and the person will die.

🎯 Exam Tip: The diaphragm is crucial for breathing; its movement creates the pressure changes needed to draw air into and push air out of the lungs.

 

Question 2. Why is the heart divided into two halves by a thick muscular wall?
Answer: The heart is divided into two halves by a thick muscular wall for important reasons:
1. The lower chambers of the heart, called ventricles, have thicker muscular walls than the upper chambers, called atria.
2. The left ventricle, which pumps blood to the whole body, has an even thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle, which only pumps blood to the lungs.
3. This is because the left side needs to pump blood with much greater force through the body (systemic circuit) compared to the right side, which pumps blood only to the lungs (pulmonary circuit). The muscular wall keeps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separate.
In simple words: The heart is split into two halves by a strong wall so that clean, oxygen-rich blood doesn't mix with dirty, oxygen-poor blood. The left side has a very thick wall because it has to pump blood strongly to the whole body.

🎯 Exam Tip: The two main reasons for the heart's division are to prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and to allow different pressures for systemic and pulmonary circulation.

 

Question 3. Why do we sweat more in summer?
Answer: We sweat more in summer because:
1. Sweating is very important for our health because it helps keep our body temperature steady by cooling us down.
2. When it's hot, our body sweats. This moisture then evaporates from our skin, which makes us feel cooler right away. This is a natural cooling system.
3. That is why we sweat more when the summer is very hot, as our body tries to prevent overheating.
In simple words: We sweat more in summer to cool down our body. When sweat dries from our skin, it takes away heat and makes us feel cooler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect sweating to its primary function: evaporative cooling, which helps maintain a stable body temperature in hot environments.

 

Question 4. Why do we hiccup and cough sometimes when we swallow food?
Answer: We hiccup and cough when swallowing food due to various reasons:
1. Eating too quickly or swallowing air with food can cause hiccups.
2. Eating too many fatty or spicy foods can also trigger them.
3. Drinking too many fizzy drinks or alcohol can make the stomach swell, irritating the diaphragm and leading to hiccups. Coughing often happens if food accidentally goes down the wrong pipe (windpipe) instead of the food pipe. These are reflexes to protect our airways.
In simple words: We hiccup when our diaphragm gets irritated, like from eating too fast or certain foods. We cough if food accidentally goes into our windpipe instead of our food pipe, to clear it out.

🎯 Exam Tip: Hiccups are typically due to diaphragm irritation, while coughing during swallowing is usually a reflex to clear the airway from mistaken food entry.

 

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Human Organ Systems Additional Important Questions and Answers

 

I. Choose the right answer:

 

Question 1. A newborn baby has ........... bones.
(a) 206
(b) More than 200
(c) More than 300
(d) 210
Answer: (c) More than 300
In simple words: Babies are born with many more bones than adults. These extra bones later join together as they grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a baby's skeleton is different from an adult's; they have more bones that fuse over time.

 

Question 2. .......... connect bone to muscle.
(a) Skeleton
(b) Tendons
(c) Cartilages
(d) Ligaments
Answer: (b) Tendons
In simple words: Tendons are strong cords that attach muscles to bones, helping us move our body parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone) to avoid confusion.

 

Question 3. The walls of the heart is made up of
(a) Voluntary muscles
(b) Cardiac muscles
(c) Involuntary muscles
(d) Biceps muscle
Answer: (b) Cardiac muscles
In simple words: The heart is made of a special kind of muscle called cardiac muscle. This muscle works tirelessly and automatically to pump blood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cardiac muscle is unique to the heart; it is involuntary but has striations like voluntary muscles.

 

Question 4. .......... muscles are found in the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries, and other internal organs.
(a) Bone
(b) Smooth
(c) Cardiac
(d) Triceps
Answer: (b) Smooth
In simple words: Smooth muscles are found inside our organs like the stomach and intestines. We don't control them; they work on their own to help with digestion and other body functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Smooth muscles are involuntary and typically found in the walls of internal organs, controlling movements like food passage.

 

Question 5. The bronchi divide further and end in small air sacs called
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Thymus
(c) Alveoli
(d) Pinna
Answer: (c) Alveoli
In simple words: Inside our lungs, the air tubes branch into tiny bags called alveoli. This is where oxygen goes into our blood and carbon dioxide leaves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Alveoli are critical for gas exchange; they are the tiny structures where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exits.

 

II. Fill in the blanks:

 

Question 1. The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones and a few .........., and ..........
Answer: The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones and a few cartilages, and ligaments and tendons.
In simple words: Our adult skeleton has 206 bones, plus soft parts like cartilages, and strong bands called ligaments and tendons that hold things together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Beyond bones, remember cartilage, ligaments, and tendons are also crucial components of the skeletal system.

 

Question 2. The brain is covered by a three-layered tissue covering called...........
Answer: The brain is covered by a three-layered tissue covering called meninges.
In simple words: Our brain has three protective layers of tissue around it, called meninges. They keep the brain safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: The meninges are vital protective layers for both the brain and spinal cord.

 

Question 3. When we are walking, running or climbing the balance of the body is maintained by ..........
Answer: When we are walking, running or climbing the balance of the body is maintained by ears.
In simple words: Our ears not only help us hear but also have special parts that help us keep our balance when we move around.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the inner ear houses structures crucial for maintaining balance, not just hearing.

 

Question 4. The endocrine gland present in the chest is ..........
Answer: The endocrine gland present in the chest is Thymus Gland.
In simple words: In our chest, there's an endocrine gland called the thymus. It's important for our body's immune system, especially when we are young.

🎯 Exam Tip: The thymus gland is located in the chest and plays a significant role in developing the immune system.

 

Question 5. The .......... brings blood containing oxygen and urea from the aorta to the kidneys.
Answer: The renal artery brings blood containing oxygen and urea from the aorta to the kidneys.
In simple words: The renal artery is the blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood, along with waste like urea, from the main artery (aorta) to the kidneys for filtering.

🎯 Exam Tip: The renal artery is specific to the kidneys, bringing blood to them for the crucial process of filtration and urine formation.

 

Question 6. .......... connects the brain to a different part of the body through nerves.
Answer: Spinal cord connects the brain to a different part of the body through nerves.
In simple words: The spinal cord is like a main cable that links the brain to all other body parts using nerves. It helps send messages back and forth.

🎯 Exam Tip: The spinal cord serves as the vital communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing signals to travel effectively.

 

III. Match the Following:

Answer:
1. Stapes - iii. The smallest bone
2. Smooth muscles - i. Urinary bladder
3. Amylase - iv. Salivary gland
4. Brain - v. Controlling centre of the body.
5. Pituitary gland - ii. At the base of the brain
In simple words: Each item matches with its description: Stapes is the smallest bone. Smooth muscles are in the urinary bladder. Amylase is made by salivary glands. The brain is the body's control center. The pituitary gland is at the base of the brain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on linking anatomical structures to their locations or functions for accurate matching.

 

IV. Arrange in the correct sequence

 

Question 1. Trachea → Bronchi → Pharynx → Lungs → Larynx → Nasal cavity → Nostrils → Bronchiole → Alveolus
Answer: Nostrils → Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchiole → Alveolus
In simple words: This is the order that air takes when we breathe, starting from the nose and going deep into the lungs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the path of air from the outside to the inside of the lungs, listing each part of the respiratory system in sequence.

 

Question 2. Middle ear → Pinna → Outer ear → Inner ear
Answer: Pinna → Outer ear → Middle ear → Inner ear
In simple words: This shows the path sound travels through our ear, from the outside part we see to the deepest part inside.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the sequence of the ear's parts from the outermost (pinna) to the innermost (inner ear) as sound waves travel.

 

V. Analogy

 

Question 1. Skull: Made up of cranial bones and facial bones :: ...........: Made up of 12 pairs of curved flat rib bones
Answer: Skull: Made up of cranial bones and facial bones :: Ribcage: Made up of 12 pairs of curved flat rib bones
In simple words: Just as the skull is made of head and face bones, the ribcage is made of 12 pairs of curved rib bones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analogies often test the components of a structure. Identify the main parts that form the skull and the ribcage.

 

Question 2. Biceps : Bends the arm at the elbow :: ...........: Straightens the elbow
Answer: Biceps : Bends the arm at the elbow :: Triceps: Straightens the elbow
In simple words: The biceps muscle helps bend our arm. The triceps muscle, on the other hand, helps straighten our arm. They work opposite to each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize antagonistic muscle pairs; biceps contract to flex (bend), and triceps contract to extend (straighten).

 

VI. Very Short Answer:

 

Question 1. What are the two major divisions of the skeletal system?
Answer: The two major divisions of the skeletal system are:
1. Axial skeleton
2. Appendicular skeleton
These two parts together form our complete bony framework.
In simple words: Our skeleton is split into two main parts: the axial skeleton (head and trunk) and the appendicular skeleton (arms and legs).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both divisions: axial (central axis) and appendicular (limbs attached to the axis).

 

Question 2. Name the auditory ossicles.
Answer: The auditory ossicles are:
1. Malleus
2. Incus
3. Stapes
These tiny bones in the middle ear help transmit sound vibrations.
In simple words: The three tiny bones in our ear that help us hear are called Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names of the three small bones in the middle ear, collectively known as ossicles.

 

Question 3. Which is the longest bone in our body?
Answer: The thigh bone (femur) is the longest bone in our body. It is a very strong bone that supports a lot of weight.
In simple words: The longest bone in our body is the femur, which is the big bone in our thigh.

🎯 Exam Tip: The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh.

 

Question 4. What is the name of the muscles in the heart?
Answer: The muscles in the heart are called cardiac muscle. This special type of muscle works continuously and involuntarily to pump blood throughout the body.
In simple words: The muscles in our heart are called cardiac muscle. They are special because they never get tired and keep pumping blood all the time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cardiac muscle is unique to the heart, distinguishing it from skeletal and smooth muscles.

 

Question 5. What is the length of the Alimentary canal?
Answer: The length of the Alimentary canal is approximately 9 metres. This long tube allows for the complete process of digestion and absorption of food.
In simple words: Our alimentary canal, which processes food, is about 9 metres long.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate length of the alimentary canal (digestive tract) as it's a significant anatomical feature.

 

VI. Very Short Answer:

 

Question 1. What are the two major divisions of the skeletal system?
Answer: The human skeletal system is divided into two main parts:
1. Axial skeleton
2. Appendicular skeleton. These two parts work together to give our body shape and allow movement.
In simple words: The skeletal system has two main parts: the axial (head, spine, ribs) and the appendicular (arms, legs, shoulders, hips).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the axial skeleton provides core support and protection, while the appendicular skeleton allows for movement and interaction with the environment.

 

Question 2. Name the auditory ossicles.
Answer: The auditory ossicles are three small bones found in the middle ear:
1. Malleus (hammer)
2. Incus (anvil)
3. Stapes (stirrup). These tiny bones play a vital role in hearing by transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear.
In simple words: The three little bones that help us hear are called the malleus, incus, and stapes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the common names (hammer, anvil, stirrup) alongside their scientific names (malleus, incus, stapes) can help you remember them better.

 

Question 3. Which is the longest bone in our body?
Answer: The longest bone in the human body is the thigh bone, also known as the femur. This strong bone supports the weight of the upper body and is essential for walking and running.
In simple words: The femur, which is your thigh bone, is the longest bone in your body.

🎯 Exam Tip: The femur is not only the longest but also one of the strongest bones, crucial for weight-bearing and movement.

 

Question 4. What is the name of the muscles in the heart?
Answer: The muscles in the heart are called cardiac muscles. These are special involuntary muscles that contract rhythmically and continuously to pump blood throughout the body without us having to think about it.
In simple words: The heart has its own special muscles called cardiac muscles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that cardiac muscles are unique because they are involuntary (work automatically) and are only found in the heart.

 

Question 5. What is the length of the Alimentary canal?
Answer: The alimentary canal, which is the long tube through which food passes, measures approximately 9 meters in length. This long tube includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, forming the entire digestive tract.
In simple words: The alimentary canal, which is where food travels in your body, is about 9 meters long.

🎯 Exam Tip: Visualize the alimentary canal as a long winding path that food takes from eating to waste removal, highlighting its significant length within the body.

 

VII. Answer in detail:

 

Question 1. Tabulate the differences between arteries and veins.
Answer: While the prompt asks for a table, the provided content gives a descriptive list of differences for arteries and veins. Here are the key distinctions between arteries and veins:
Arteries:
1. They carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
2. They primarily carry oxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
3. Arteries have thick, elastic, and muscular walls to withstand high pressure from the pumping heart.
4. Valves are generally absent in arteries, as the blood flow is maintained by heart pressure.
5. Blood flows through arteries under high pressure.
Veins:
1. They carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart.
2. They primarily carry deoxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
3. Veins have thin, less muscular, and less elastic walls compared to arteries.
4. Valves are present in veins to prevent the backward flow of blood, especially against gravity.
5. Blood flows through veins under low pressure.
In simple words: Arteries take blood away from the heart and have strong walls for high pressure. Veins bring blood back to the heart, have thinner walls, and use valves to stop blood from flowing backward.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good way to remember is "Arteries Away" from the heart, and veins have valves. This helps recall their main functions and structural differences easily.

 

Question 2. Differentiate arteries from a vein and tabulate your answer.
Answer: Here are the differences between arteries and veins presented in a table format:

In simple words: Arteries carry bright red, oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary artery. Veins carry darker, oxygen-poor blood back to the heart, except for the pulmonary vein, which gives them a bluish look.

🎯 Exam Tip: When tabulating differences, ensure you compare similar characteristics in each row to make the distinction clear and easy to understand.