Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 6 Health and Hygiene

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. Our body needs for muscle-building
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) fat
(c) Protein
(d) Water
Answer: (c) Protein
In simple words: Proteins are essential for building and repairing body tissues, especially muscles. Eating enough protein helps your body grow strong and healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that protein is vital for growth and repair, making it a key component of a healthy diet, particularly for active individuals.

Question 2. Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of __________
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Answer: (c) Vitamin C
In simple words: Scurvy happens when a person doesn't get enough Vitamin C, which is found in fruits and vegetables. This vitamin is very important for healthy skin and strong immune system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific vitamins to their deficiency diseases (e.g., Vitamin C with Scurvy) as this is a common question type.

Question 3. Calcium is an example of a __________
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) fat
(c) Protein
(d) minerals
Answer: (d) minerals
In simple words: Calcium is a mineral that our body needs to build strong bones and teeth. It's a key part of our diet, helping many body functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) and know examples for each category.

Question 4. We should include fruits and vegetables in our diet, because __________
(a) They are the best source of Carbohydrates
(b) They are the best source of Proteins
(c) They are rich in minerals and Vitamins
(d) They have high water content
Answer: (c) They are rich in minerals and Vitamins
In simple words: Fruits and vegetables give us important minerals and vitamins that keep our body healthy and help it fight off sickness. They are essential for overall well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary benefit of fruits and vegetables in diet, which is their high content of essential micronutrients.

Question 5. Bacteria are very small microorganism.
(a) Prokaryotic
(b) Eukaryotic
(c) Protozoa Acellular
(d) Acellular
Answer: (a) Prokaryotic
In simple words: Bacteria are tiny living things that do not have a nucleus inside their cells, which is why they are called prokaryotic. Most living things on Earth are prokaryotes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic difference between prokaryotic (no true nucleus) and eukaryotic (has a true nucleus) organisms, and classify common microorganisms accordingly.

II. True or False

Question. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. There are three main nutrients present in food.
2. Fats are used as an energy store by our body.
3. All bacteria have flagella.
4. Iron helps in the formation of haemoglobin.
5. Virus can grow and multiply outside host.
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
In simple words: Food has more than three main nutrients, like vitamins and minerals besides carbs, proteins, and fats. Not all bacteria have tails (flagella) to move. Viruses cannot grow on their own; they need to be inside a living host to multiply.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to keywords like "all" or "only" in True/False statements, as they often indicate a false statement if there are exceptions.

III. Fill in the Blanks

Question. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
1. Malnutrition leads to __________.
2. Iodine deficiency leads to __________ in adults.
3. Vitamin D deficiency causes __________.
4. Typhoid is transmitted due to contamination of __________ and water.
5. Influenza is a __________ disease.
Answer:
1. Deficiency diseases
2. Goitre
3. Rickets
4. Food
5. Viral
In simple words: Not eating enough or the right foods causes malnutrition, which can lead to various sicknesses. Lack of iodine causes a swollen neck (goitre), and not enough vitamin D causes weak bones (rickets). Typhoid spreads through dirty food and water. Influenza is a sickness caused by viruses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the specific deficiency diseases associated with different nutrients and the modes of transmission for common illnesses.

IV. Complete the Analogy

Question. Complete the following analogies.
1. Rice: Carbohydrate :: Pulses: __________
2. Vitamin D: Rickets :: Vitamin C: __________
3. Iodine: Goitre :: Iron: __________
4. Cholera: Bacteria :: Smallpox: __________
Answer:
1. Protein
2. Scurvy
3. Anemia
4. Virus
In simple words: This shows how certain foods relate to nutrients, and how vitamin or mineral deficiencies cause specific diseases. For example, rice is a carb, pulses are protein. Lack of Vitamin D causes rickets, and lack of Vitamin C causes scurvy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing analogies, identify the relationship between the first pair of words (e.g., source and nutrient, or nutrient and deficiency disease) and apply the same relationship to the second pair.

V. Match the Following

Question. Match the following vitamins with their associated deficiency diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create flashcards for each vitamin and its deficiency disease to easily recall these matches during an exam.

VI. Complete the Diagram

Question. Complete the given diagram showing types of nutrients and their sub-categories.
Answer: The diagram illustrates the major nutrient categories and their sub-types. The main categories are Carbohydrate, Protein, Water, Minerals, Fat, and Vitamin. The completed diagram branches out from "Nutrients" to show these six categories as the primary components of a balanced diet. It's like a map of what our body needs from food.
The diagram shows:
Starting from "Nutrients":
– Carbohydrate
– Protein
– Water
– Fat
– Minerals
– Vitamin
In simple words: The diagram helps us understand the different kinds of things our body gets from food. It shows that nutrients are split into big groups like carbs, proteins, and fats, and smaller groups like vitamins and minerals. Water is also a very important nutrient.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing diagrams, ensure all missing labels are filled in correctly and reflect the hierarchical or relational structure of the information.

VII. Write a Short Answer.

Question 1. Write two examples for each of the following.
(a) Food items rich in fat.
(b) Vitamin deficiency diseases.
Answer:
(a) Food items rich in fat: Meat, fish, egg yolk, milk.
(b) Vitamin deficiency diseases: Night blindness, Beriberi, Scurvy, Rickets.
In simple words: Foods like meat, fish, and milk give us fat. Sicknesses like night blindness, beriberi, scurvy, and rickets happen when we don't get enough vitamins. Eating a balanced diet prevents these issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide diverse examples for each category to show a comprehensive understanding.

Question 2. Differentiate between Carbohydrate and Protein.
Answer:
**Carbohydrate:**
1. Carbohydrates are the energy-giving components of food. They provide the body with quick energy.
2. Sources of carbohydrates include nuts, fruits, rice, and maize.
**Protein:**
1. Proteins are body-building foods. They are crucial for growth and repair of tissues.
2. Sources of proteins include pulses, soybean, nuts, egg, and fish.
In simple words: Carbohydrates give us energy to do things, like rice and fruits. Proteins help our body grow and fix itself, like from eggs and fish. Both are very important for a healthy body.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, use clear, concise points for each item, highlighting their main functions and common sources.

Question 3. Define the term “Balanced diet”.
Answer: A balanced diet is one that contains the right amount of various nutrients needed to keep us in good health. It includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water in proper proportions. This ensures the body receives all necessary elements for proper functioning.
In simple words: A balanced diet means eating all the right kinds of food in the right amounts. It gives our body everything it needs to stay healthy and strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good definition should not only state what a balanced diet is but also briefly mention its purpose (good health) and what it contains (various nutrients).

Question 4. Why should the fruits and vegetables not to be washed after cutting? Vitamins are of two types.
Answer: We should not wash fruits and vegetables after cutting them because valuable minerals and some proteins can be washed away. Many water-soluble vitamins are also easily lost if washed after being cut. Always wash them thoroughly before cutting.
In simple words: Do not wash fruits and vegetables after you cut them. If you do, some important minerals and vitamins that dissolve in water will get washed away. It's best to wash them whole before cutting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the loss of water-soluble nutrients as the key reason for washing fruits and vegetables before cutting.

Question 5. Write any two viral diseases.
Answer: Common cold, smallpox, and polio are examples of viral diseases. These illnesses are caused by viruses.
In simple words: Common cold, smallpox, and polio are sicknesses caused by tiny germs called viruses. Viruses are very tiny and can spread quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to recall at least two examples for common types of diseases (viral, bacterial, fungal, deficiency).

Question 6. What are the main features of a microorganism?
Answer: Microorganisms are very small living things that can only be seen with the help of a microscope. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. These tiny organisms are found almost everywhere.
In simple words: Microorganisms are tiny living things that you need a microscope to see. They are very small in size.

🎯 Exam Tip: The two key features of microorganisms are their small size and the need for a microscope to observe them.

VIII. Long Answers.

Question 1. Tabulate the vitamins and their corresponding deficiency diseases.
Answer: The table below lists important vitamins and the specific diseases that can occur if there is a lack of them in the diet. Each vitamin plays a distinct role in maintaining body functions, and a deficiency can lead to serious health issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting information in a table, ensure clear headings and accurate data points for each row and column.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Health and Hygiene Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Best Options

Question 1. Name the sunshine Vitamin
(a) A
(b) D
(c) C
(d) K
Answer: (b) D
In simple words: Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because our body can make it when our skin is exposed to sunlight. It's very important for strong bones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Vitamin D's unique ability to be produced by the body through sun exposure, which is why it's often called the "sunshine vitamin."

Question 2. __________ is a highly rich source of protein.
(a) Nut
(b) Gram
(c) Chicken
(d) Soya bean
Answer: (d) Soya bean
In simple words: Soya beans are a very good source of protein, especially for people who don't eat meat. They provide many essential building blocks for our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key protein sources, especially common plant-based options like soya beans, which are often highlighted in nutrition questions.

Question 3. The minerals are called by this name:
(a) Energy Food
(b) Balance diet
(c) Food for growth
(d) protective food
Answer: (d) protective food
In simple words: Minerals, along with vitamins, are known as protective foods because they help our body stay healthy and fight off sickness. They keep our body working correctly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify food types by their primary function (e.g., carbohydrates as energy foods, proteins as body-building foods, and vitamins/minerals as protective foods).

Question 4. Ben Ben is caused due to the deficiency of __________
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin K
(d) Vitamin B
Answer: (d) Vitamin B
In simple words: Beriberi is a disease that happens when someone does not get enough Vitamin B, especially Vitamin B1. It can affect the heart and nervous system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure precise recall of which vitamin deficiency leads to specific diseases; "Ben Ben" is likely a typo for "Beriberi."

Question 5. How much water is needed for a man in a day?
(a) 2L
(b) 3L
(c) 1.5L
(d) 1L
Answer: (a) 2L
In simple words: An average person needs to drink about 2 liters of water every day to stay hydrated and keep their body working well. Drinking enough water helps with many body processes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the recommended daily intake of water, which is generally around 2-3 liters for adults.

II. Matching

Question. Match the following minerals with their associated deficiency diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that minerals are crucial micronutrients, and their deficiencies can lead to specific health conditions, similar to vitamins.

III. Give Short Answers.

Question 1. Define Nutrients.
Answer: Nutrients are chemical parts of food that give us energy, help our body grow, and protect us from diseases. They are essential for all life processes. These include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
In simple words: Nutrients are the good things in food that give us energy, help us grow, and keep us from getting sick. They are vital for our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: A comprehensive definition of nutrients should cover their three main functions: energy, growth/repair, and protection.

Question 2. List the six important nutrition.
Answer: The six important types of nutrition, or nutrients, are:
1. Carbohydrate
2. Vitamins
3. Protein
4. Minerals
5. Fat
6. Water
These categories cover all the essential substances our body needs to function.
In simple words: The six main things our body needs from food are carbohydrates, vitamins, protein, minerals, fat, and water. Each one helps our body in a different way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the six main nutrient categories as they are fundamental to understanding diet and health.

Question 3. List out the types of vitamins.
Answer: Vitamins are classified into two main types based on how they dissolve: water-soluble and fat-soluble. Within these, there are six major types:
**Water-soluble Vitamins:** Vitamin B and Vitamin C.
**Fat-soluble Vitamins:** Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K.
Understanding these types helps in knowing how they are absorbed and stored in the body.
In simple words: Vitamins are divided into two main groups: ones that mix with water (like Vitamin B and C) and ones that mix with fat (like A, D, E, and K).

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, and list examples for each category.

Question 4. Differentiate between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
Answer:
**Kwashiorkor:** This condition results mainly from a lack of protein in the diet, even if there are enough calories. Key signs include stunted growth and swelling, especially in the face and limbs (edema). Diarrhea is also common.
**Marasmus:** This condition is caused by a severe lack of both calories and protein. It leads to a very skinny appearance, extreme weight loss, and slow body growth. It is a more severe form of malnutrition.
Both are forms of protein-energy malnutrition but differ in their specific dietary causes and symptoms.
In simple words: Kwashiorkor is when a child doesn't get enough protein, making their body swell. Marasmus is when a child doesn't get enough food at all, making them very thin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the primary cause (protein vs. total calories) and distinguishing physical symptoms for each condition when differentiating.

Question 5. What are food items contain minerals?
Answer: Many different food items are rich in essential minerals. These include green leafy vegetables like spinach, pulses (lentils and beans), eggs, milk, fish, and various fruits. Consuming a variety of these foods ensures a good intake of minerals.
In simple words: You can find minerals in foods like green leafy vegetables, lentils, eggs, milk, fish, and fruits. Eating these helps your body get the minerals it needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a range of food sources for minerals, including both plant-based and animal-based options.

IV. Give detailed Answers

Question 1. Fill ABCDE in this tabular column.
Answer: This table outlines the different nutrients, their food sources, and their main functions in the body. It demonstrates how various food components contribute to our overall health.

🎯 Exam Tip: For tabular questions, ensure all cells are correctly filled, and information is logically consistent across rows and columns.

Question 2. What are the uses of exercise?
Answer: Regular exercise offers many benefits for our health and well-being. Here are some of its key uses:
1. It improves growth and development, especially in children.
2. It delays aging, keeping the body younger and more active.
3. It strengthens muscles and improves blood circulation throughout the body.
4. It develops athletic skills and helps in reducing excess weight.
These benefits highlight the importance of physical activity in a healthy lifestyle.
In simple words: Exercise helps us grow and get strong, makes our muscles powerful, and keeps our blood flowing well. It also helps us stay young and keeps our weight healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing benefits, aim for a variety of positive outcomes (physical, developmental, preventative) to show a comprehensive understanding.