Samacheer Kalvi Class 5 Social Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 2 Hydrosphere

Evaluation

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. What is present on earth?
(a) Air
(b) Water
(c) Land
(d) Plants
Answer: (b) Water
In simple words: Out of the given choices, water is a major and vital element found on Earth. It is fundamental for life and covers a significant portion of our planet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always relate multiple-choice questions to the chapter's main topic. Since this chapter is about the hydrosphere, water is the most logical answer.

Question 2. Select the odd one out.
(a) Arabian
(b) Indian
(c) Arctic
(d) Pacific
Answer: (a) Arabian
In simple words: The Arabian Sea is part of the Indian Ocean, while Indian, Arctic, and Pacific are names of entire oceans. The Indian, Arctic, and Pacific are major oceans, but "Arabian" refers to a specific sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between major oceans and smaller seas or gulfs to correctly identify the odd one out.

Question 3. Water body that is surrounded by land on all sides is called ______.
(a) River
(b) Gulf
(c) Lake
(d) Bay
Answer: (c) Lake
In simple words: A lake is a body of water that has land all around it. Rivers flow, gulfs and bays are open to the sea, but a lake is fully enclosed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key defining feature of a lake is being completely surrounded by land, distinguishing it from other water bodies.

Question 4. Evaporation is the ______ stage of the water cycle.
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (a) First
In simple words: Evaporation is the very first step in the water cycle. It is when water turns into vapor and goes up into the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the correct order of the water cycle stages: Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, and Runoff/Infiltration.

Question 5. Water body that is partially enclosed by land and has wide opening to the sea is called ______.
(a) Sea
(b) Strait
(c) Bay
(d) Pond
Answer: (c) Bay
In simple words: A bay is like a large curve of the coastline where the land goes inwards, but it still has a wide opening to the ocean. It's a partly enclosed water area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish a bay from a gulf or lagoon by its "wide opening" characteristic and partial enclosure by land.

II. Match The Following:

1. Precipitation - Sambhar lake
2. A lagoon - Palk Strait
3. Joining between Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal - Formation of cloud
4. Inland salt water lake - Chilika in Orissa
5. Condensation - Rain
Answer:
1. Precipitation - Rain
2. A lagoon - Chilika in Orissa
3. Joining between Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal - Palk Strait
4. Inland salt water lake - Sambhar lake
5. Condensation - Formation of cloud
In simple words: Matching connects a term to its correct description or example. Precipitation is rain, a lagoon is like Chilika Lake, Palk Strait joins the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, Sambhar Lake is an inland salt lake, and condensation forms clouds.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, read both lists carefully and identify unique definitions or examples for each term to ensure correct pairs.

III. True Or False:

Question 1. About 97.5% of water on the earth is salt water.
Answer: True
In simple words: Most of the water on our planet, about 97.5%, has salt in it, like the water in oceans and seas. Only a small amount is fresh water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember this percentage to show you understand the distribution of fresh and salt water on Earth.

Question 2. Water is not necessary for our basic needs.
Answer: False
In simple words: Water is very important for all our basic needs. We need it to drink, clean, cook, and for many other daily activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state clearly whether the statement is True or False. For False statements, it's good to briefly know why.

Question 3. Water in the sea is sweet.
Answer: False
In simple words: Sea water is actually very salty, not sweet. It contains a lot of dissolved salts from the land and rocks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that the saltiness of sea water is a key characteristic, making it different from fresh water found in rivers and lakes.

Question 4. We should keep the tap open throughout while washing utensils.
Answer: False
In simple words: We should not leave the tap running while washing dishes. This wastes a lot of water that could be saved.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your knowledge of water conservation practices. Always think about how to save resources.

Question 5. We should save water.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is very important for everyone to save water. Water is a precious resource, and we need to use it wisely so there is enough for the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the importance of water conservation in your mind. This is a common theme in environmental studies.

IV. Answer The Following:

Question 1. Define hydrosphere.
Answer: The hydrosphere is the total amount of water present on our planet. It includes all the water found on Earth's surface, underground, and even in the air as vapor and clouds. This global water system plays a vital role in Earth's climate and ecosystems.
In simple words: Hydrosphere is all the water on Earth, whether it's in oceans, under the ground, or in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a term, make sure to cover all its components and its significance, like the locations of water in the hydrosphere.

Question 2. Why is the hydrosphere important?
Answer: The hydrosphere is crucial because water is essential for almost all daily activities. We need water for drinking, bathing, cooking, and sanitation. Animals and plants also depend on water to live and survive. Without water, the process of evaporation cannot happen, which means clouds would not form, and there would be no rain. This makes it fundamental for all life forms and Earth's climate cycle.
In simple words: Hydrosphere is important because all living things need water to survive. Without water, there would be no rain or clouds.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining importance, list specific examples of how water is used by living beings and its role in natural processes.

Question 3. Name the different types of water bodies.
Answer: The Earth has many different types of water bodies. These include large bodies like Oceans and Seas, flowing water like Rivers, still water like Lakes, and partially enclosed areas like Gulfs and Bays. Other examples are Lagoons, Straits, and Waterfalls. Each type has its own unique features and plays a role in the global water system.
In simple words: Different types of water bodies are Oceans, Seas, Rivers, Lakes, Gulfs, Bays, Lagoons, Straits, and Waterfalls.

🎯 Exam Tip: Try to list at least five different types of water bodies to show a comprehensive understanding of geographical terms.

V. Answer The Following In Detail:

Question 1. What are the different stages of water cycle?
Answer: The water cycle involves several key stages:
Stage I: Evaporation – The sun's heat warms up water bodies like oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. This warmth causes the water to slowly turn into a gas called vapor, which rises into the air.
Stage II: Condensation – As the water vapor goes higher in the sky, it meets cooler air. This cool air makes the vapor turn back into tiny liquid water droplets, forming clouds. Wind and air movements then carry these cloud formations around.
Stage III: Precipitation – Inside the clouds, these tiny water particles bump into each other and grow bigger. When they become too heavy, they fall back to Earth as precipitation. This can be in different forms like rain, hail, snow, or sleet, depending on the temperature.
Stage IV: Runoff and Infiltration – When precipitation reaches the ground, some of the water flows over the land into oceans, rivers, and other water bodies. This is called runoff. Other water soaks into the ground, a process called infiltration. This cycle continuously moves water across the Earth, powered by the sun.
In simple words: The water cycle has four main steps: Evaporation (water turns to vapor), Condensation (vapor forms clouds), Precipitation (water falls as rain, snow, etc.), and Runoff/Infiltration (water flows or soaks into the ground).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly explain each stage of the water cycle, using simple terms. Mention the driving force (sun's heat) and the different forms of precipitation.

Activity:

Question 1. List out the uses of water in our daily life.
Answer: Water is used in many ways in our daily lives:
• Domestic purpose: We use water for cooking meals, drinking, bathing, and washing clothes and dishes. It is essential for maintaining hygiene.
• Industrial purposes: Industries use water for manufacturing products, cooling machinery, and as a solvent in many processes.
• Recreation: Water bodies provide opportunities for fun activities like swimming, rafting, and boating.
• Hydropower: Water is used to generate electricity by flowing through turbines in dams. This clean energy source is crucial for powering homes and industries.
• Agriculture: Water is vital for irrigation to grow crops and for watering livestock. It is the backbone of farming.
• Other uses: Fishing, gardening, and even transportation on waterways depend on water.
In simple words: We use water at home for cooking and cleaning, in factories for making things, for fun activities like swimming, to make electricity, and for farming and growing food.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing uses, categorize them (e.g., domestic, industrial) to show a structured answer. Give at least two specific examples for each category.

Think Zone:

Question 1. What other water sources can be a part of the Hydrosphere?
Answer: Besides the commonly known sources, the hydrosphere includes many other water storage areas. These consist of vast Oceans, large Lakes, smaller Ponds, flowing Rivers, and even underground water called groundwater. Ice caps and glaciers also hold a significant amount of Earth's water, contributing to the hydrosphere. These all represent different forms and locations of water on Earth.
In simple words: Other water sources in the Hydrosphere are Oceans, Lakes, Ponds, Rivers, and seas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Broaden your thinking beyond just oceans and rivers; include other less obvious sources like groundwater and ice to show a complete picture.

Question 2. Name some water bodies in your locality.
Answer: In our locality, we might find various water bodies. These can include large Oceans and Seas, winding Rivers, calm Ponds, or even stunning Waterfalls. The specific types depend on the geography of the area. For example, coastal areas would have seas and oceans, while hilly regions might have rivers and waterfalls.
In simple words: You can find water bodies like Oceans, Seas, Rivers, Ponds, and Waterfalls near you, depending on where you live.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question requires you to think locally. If you live near a coast, mention seas; if inland, focus on rivers or lakes.

Additional Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. ______ is the total amount of water present on a planet.
(a) Hydrosphere
(b) Lithosphere
(c) Atmosphere
(d) Biosphere
Answer: (a) Hydrosphere
In simple words: The term "Hydrosphere" is used to describe all the water found on a planet. It covers oceans, lakes, rivers, and even water in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly remember the definition of the hydrosphere to avoid confusing it with other 'spheres' of the Earth.

Question 2. ______ are vast water bodies that usually separate continents from one another.
(a) Oceans
(b) Seas
(c) Rivers
(d) Ponds
Answer: (a) Oceans
In simple words: Oceans are very large areas of water that separate different continents. They are the biggest water bodies on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Oceans are distinct from seas by their immense size and role in separating landmasses.

Question 3. A ______ is a large area of an ocean or a sea that is surrounded by land.
(a) Rivers
(b) Lakes
(c) Gulf
(d) Bay
Answer: (c) Gulf
In simple words: A gulf is a part of the sea or ocean that goes deep into the land, almost like a big curve, and is mostly surrounded by land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that a gulf is a type of bay, but generally larger and more deeply indented into the land.

Question 4. Wind movements cause the clouds particles to collide is ______.
(a) Evaporation
(b) Condensation
(c) Precipitation
(d) Infiltration
Answer: (c) Precipitation
In simple words: When tiny cloud particles hit each other because of wind, they grow bigger and then fall down as rain, snow, or hail. This falling is called precipitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the collision of cloud particles directly to the process of precipitation, which is the release of water from the atmosphere.

II. Match The Following:

1. Oceans - (a) Rajasthan
2. Rivers - (b) India
3. Sambhar lake - (c) Courtallam
4. Lagoon - (d) Large streams
5. Waterfall - (e) Atlantic
Answer:
1. Oceans - (e) Atlantic
2. Rivers - (d) Large streams
3. Sambhar lake - (a) Rajasthan
4. Lagoon - (b) India
5. Waterfall - (c) Courtallam
In simple words: Here, we connect a water body or feature to its example or description. The Atlantic is an ocean, rivers are large streams, Sambhar lake is in Rajasthan, Chilika Lagoon is in India, and Courtallam is a waterfall.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, it helps to identify a unique characteristic or location for each item to pair them correctly.

III. True Or False:

Question 1. Hydrosphere covers about 97% of the planet Earth.
Answer: False
In simple words: The hydrosphere covers a large part of Earth, but not 97% of its *surface*. About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water. However, about 97.5% of *all* water on Earth is saltwater. The question is slightly ambiguous but leans towards surface area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with percentages related to Earth's water. 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, but 97.5% of *that water* is saltwater.

Question 2. Animals and plants also need water for their survival.
Answer: True
In simple words: Just like humans, all animals and plants need water to live and grow. Water is fundamental for all life processes on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that water is a universal necessity for all forms of life, not just humans.

Question 3. Sea water is salty in nature.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, sea water is naturally salty. This saltiness comes from minerals and salts that have dissolved into the ocean over millions of years.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a basic fact about oceanography. Always confirm such fundamental characteristics.

Question 4. A lake is a body of water, which is partially enclosed by land.
Answer: False
In simple words: A lake is actually fully surrounded by land, not just partially. Water bodies that are partially enclosed by land are typically bays or gulfs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate clearly between the definitions of a lake (fully enclosed) and a bay or gulf (partially enclosed).

Question 5. Do not put plastic garbage when you go near beaches.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is very important not to leave plastic trash on beaches. This helps protect sea animals and keeps our environment clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question highlights environmental responsibility. Always remember the importance of not polluting water bodies.

IV. Answer The Following:

Question 1. What is Lagoon?
Answer: A lagoon is a shallow body of water that is separated from the open sea by a barrier, such as a sandbar, coral reef, or strip of land. These bodies of water are typically calmer and shallower than the main ocean. An excellent example of a lagoon is Lake Chilika in Odisha, India, which is a significant ecosystem.
In simple words: A lagoon is a small, shallow lake of water that is separated from the sea by sand or rocks. Lake Chilika in India is an example.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a geographical term, always try to provide a relevant example to illustrate your answer clearly.

Question 2. What is strait? Give example.
Answer: A strait is a narrow passage of water that connects two larger bodies of water. It acts like a natural channel for ships and marine life. A well-known example is the Palk Strait, which links the Bay of Bengal with the Indian Ocean and separates India from Sri Lanka. Straits are important geographical features for trade and navigation.
In simple words: A strait is a thin strip of water that joins two bigger water areas. The Palk Strait is an example, connecting the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a strait *connects* two larger water bodies, while an isthmus *connects* two larger landmasses.

Question 3. What is waterfall? Give example.
Answer: A waterfall is a place where river water flows over the edge of a steep cliff or a series of drops, falling from a great height. This dramatic natural feature occurs when a river encounters a sudden change in elevation. An example is Courtallam Waterfall, famous for its beauty and natural cascades. Waterfalls are often tourist attractions and can be used for hydropower generation.
In simple words: A waterfall is when river water drops down from a high rock or cliff. The Courtallam Waterfall is a good example.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a waterfall, mention both the "falling water" aspect and the "great height" or "steep drop" feature.

V. Answer The Following In Detail:

Question 1. Describe any five types of water bodies.
Answer: Here are five types of water bodies:
1. Seas: Seas are large bodies of saltwater, smaller than oceans, and usually partly enclosed by land. They connect to the ocean and have salty water. An example is the Arabian Sea.
2. Rivers: Rivers are large natural streams of fresh water that flow across the land, typically starting in mountainous areas and usually draining into oceans or larger seas. Rivers are vital for freshwater supply.
3. Lakes: A lake is a large body of still water that is completely surrounded by land on all sides. Lakes can contain either salt or fresh water. Dal Lake is an example of a freshwater lake.
4. Gulf: A gulf is a very large area of an ocean or a sea that extends into the land, making it mostly surrounded by land. Gulfs are generally larger and more enclosed than bays. The Gulf of Kutch is an example.
5. Bay: A bay is a body of water that is partially enclosed by land but has a wide opening to a sea or another large water body. It often forms a curved coastline. The Bay of Bengal is a prominent example.
In simple words: There are many water bodies like Seas (smaller than oceans, salty), Rivers (freshwater streams flowing over land), Lakes (water completely surrounded by land), Gulfs (large sea areas mostly surrounded by land), and Bays (partially enclosed water with a wide sea opening).

🎯 Exam Tip: For each water body, specify its key characteristics such as size, water type (fresh/salt), and how it is connected to or surrounded by land.