Samacheer Kalvi Class 12 Commerce Solutions Chapter 10 Recruitment Methods

I. Choose The Correct Answer.

 

Question 1. Recruitment is the process of identifying ...................
(a) Right Man for Right Job
(b) good performer
(c) Right job
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) Right Man for Right Job
In simple words: Recruitment means finding the right people for the right jobs. It's like matching a puzzle piece to its perfect spot in the company.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that recruitment is about finding suitable candidates, not just hiring anyone. Focus on the word "identifying" in the question.

 

Question 2. Recruitment bridges gap between ................... and ...................
(a) job seeker and job provider
(b) job seeker and agent
(c) job provider and owner
(d) owner and servant
Answer: (a) job seeker and job provider
In simple words: Recruitment helps to connect people looking for work with companies that have job openings. It fills the space between those who need a job and those who offer jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand recruitment as a two-way street connecting employers with potential employees. This is a core concept in human resource management.

 

Question 3. Advertisement is a ................... source of recruitment.
(a) internal
(b) external
(c) agent
(d) outsourcing
Answer: (b) external
In simple words: When a company places an advertisement for a job, it's looking for people from outside the company. This is a common way to find new talent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between internal sources (like promotions within the company) and external sources (like advertisements reaching outside candidates) in recruitment.

 

Question 4. Transfer is an ................... source of recruitment.
(a) internal
(b) external
(c) outsourcing
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) internal
In simple words: A transfer means moving an employee from one department to another within the same company. This is an example of finding a person for a job from inside the company.

🎯 Exam Tip: Transfers are a good way to fill vacancies using existing employees, which helps keep recruitment costs low and boosts employee morale.

 

Question 5. E – Recruitment is possible only through ................... facility.
(a) Computer
(b) Internet
(c) Broadband
(d) 4G
Answer: (b) Internet
In simple words: E-recruitment means hiring people using electronic tools, which mainly relies on the internet to reach many job seekers quickly. A computer is used, but the internet is the connecting force.

🎯 Exam Tip: E-recruitment leverages technology to streamline the hiring process, making it faster and broader in reach, with the internet being its backbone.

II. Very short answer questions.

 

Question 1. Give the meaning of Recruitment.
Answer: Recruitment is the process where an organization looks for and attracts suitable people for different job roles. It involves encouraging many potential candidates to apply. This helps companies fill their open positions with the right talent.
In simple words: Recruitment is about searching for and encouraging many people to apply for jobs in a company.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining recruitment, emphasize both "finding" (searching) and "attracting" (encouraging) potential candidates for open positions.

 

Question 2. What is promotion?
Answer: Promotion happens when an employee moves to a higher position in a company. This move is usually based on their length of service (seniority) and how well they perform their job. It offers a chance for growth and more responsibility within the organization.
In simple words: Promotion is when an employee gets a higher job in the company because of their experience and good work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key terms for promotion are "seniority," "merits," and "moving up in the organizational hierarchy."

 

Question 3. Write any two internal sources of recruitment.
Answer: Two common internal sources of recruitment are promotions and transfers. Promotions involve moving an employee to a higher position, while transfers involve moving an employee to a different job at the same level within the company. These methods help fill vacancies using existing staff. Additionally, internal sources often help to boost employee morale.
In simple words: Two ways to recruit from inside a company are giving someone a promotion (a higher job) or a transfer (a different job at the same level).

🎯 Exam Tip: Internal recruitment sources primarily include promotions, transfers, and sometimes rehiring former employees or dependents of existing staff. Focus on specific examples.

 

Question 4. What is meant by campus recruitment?
Answer: Campus recruitment is when organizations visit colleges and universities to find and hire suitable students. They look for fresh talent directly from educational institutions before students graduate. This method helps companies find new employees with relevant skills and academic backgrounds.
In simple words: Campus recruitment is when companies go to schools and colleges to find and hire students for jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that campus recruitment is about directly sourcing fresh graduates or students from educational institutions for entry-level positions.

 

Question 5. What is meant by poaching?
Answer: Poaching in recruitment means hiring skilled employees directly from rival companies. Organizations do this by offering them better pay and benefits, both monetary and non-monetary, rather than training their own staff. This practice is also known as "raiding" and can be a fast way to gain experienced personnel.
In simple words: Poaching is when a company hires workers from a competing company by offering them more money and better benefits. It's like 'stealing' talent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Poaching involves actively attracting employees from competitors, often with superior offers, and is also known by terms like 'raiding' or 'headhunting'.

III. Short Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. Define the term Recruitment.
Answer: According to Edwin B. Flippo, recruitment is the process of finding possible employees and encouraging them to apply for jobs within an organization. This means not only looking for people but also making them want to join the company. It's a key step in building a strong workforce.
In simple words: Edwin B. Flippo said recruitment is finding potential workers and making them want to apply for jobs in a company.

🎯 Exam Tip: When quoting a definition, ensure accuracy. For Edwin B. Flippo's definition, remember the two key actions: "searching" and "stimulating/encouraging" applications.

 

Question 2. What is meant by unsolicited applicants?
Answer: Unsolicited applicants are job seekers who send their applications to companies even when there are no public job openings. They apply on their own, hoping to be considered for future vacancies. This shows initiative and can be a good source for companies to find candidates. These are often called "walk-in" applications.
In simple words: Unsolicited applicants are people who send job applications to companies even when no jobs are advertised.

🎯 Exam Tip: Unsolicited applications are self-initiated by job seekers, often demonstrating strong interest in a particular company, even without a formal vacancy announcement.

 

Question 3. What is meant by job portals?
Answer: A job portal is a website that connects employers and job seekers. Because of modern technology, companies can use these online portals to find skilled people from all over the world. These platforms help organizations filter potential candidates and fill their job openings more easily. They are a crucial tool in modern recruitment.
In simple words: Job portals are websites that connect companies looking for workers with people looking for jobs. They help companies find candidates from everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Job portals simplify the recruitment process by offering a vast database of candidates and allowing employers to post jobs and filter applications efficiently.

 

Question 4. State the steps in the Recruitment process, outsourcing.
Answer: The recruitment process, especially when involving outsourcing, follows several key steps:
1. Planning recruitment: First, companies decide their hiring needs and strategies.
2. Determining vacancies: They identify which job roles are empty and need to be filled.
3. Identifying the sources: Next, they figure out where to find suitable candidates, whether internally or externally.
4. Drafting information for advertisement: They create the job description and details needed for advertising.
5. Selecting the suitable mode of advertisement: Companies choose the best way to advertise the job, like online portals or newspapers. This choice depends on the target audience.
6. Facilitating selection process: They help manage the stages where candidates are chosen, such as interviews and tests.
7. Evaluation and control: Finally, they review how effective the entire recruitment process was and make adjustments for the future.
In simple words: The steps in recruitment include planning, finding open jobs, choosing where to look for people, writing job ads, picking how to advertise, helping with interviews, and checking if the process worked well.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the steps in a logical sequence, emphasizing that recruitment is a systematic process from identifying needs to evaluating outcomes. "Outsourcing" in the question hints that some of these steps might be handled by external agencies.

IV. Long Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. Explain the internal sources of recruitment (any 5).
Answer: Internal sources of recruitment refer to filling job vacancies using people already working inside the organization. Here are five common internal sources:
(i) Transfer: This is when an employee moves from one department to another, usually to a similar level job, especially if one department has too many staff and another needs more. This helps balance the workforce.
(ii) Upgrading: Upgrading involves moving employees to a higher position, often based on their performance reviews. This helps employees grow within the company.
(iii) Promotion: Employees are moved to a higher position with more responsibilities, typically based on their experience and good performance. This boosts employee morale and offers career advancement.
(iv) Demotion: This is when an employee is moved from a higher position to a lower one, usually due to poor performance. While not a typical recruitment method, it's an internal movement that changes an employee's role.
(v) Job Rotation: This involves an employee learning different jobs by moving between various tasks or departments. It helps them gain a wider range of skills and understand different parts of the company, making them more versatile for future roles.
In simple words: Internal recruitment means finding workers from inside the company. This can be through transfers (moving jobs), upgrades or promotions (moving to a higher job), demotions (moving to a lower job), or job rotation (learning many different jobs).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that internal sources usually benefit the organization by reducing costs and increasing employee motivation, though demotion is a less positive form of internal movement.

 

Question 2. Explain the External sources of recruitment. (any 5)
Answer: External sources of recruitment involve looking outside the organization to find new employees. Here are five common external sources:
1. Walk-ins: This is when job seekers directly visit a company and submit their applications without a prior invitation or advertisement. It shows their strong interest in the company.
2. Advertisement: Companies place ads in newspapers, magazines, or online platforms to announce job openings. These ads specify the job details, required qualifications, and how to apply, reaching a wide audience.
3. Job Portals: Online platforms like job websites connect employers with a large pool of candidates. Companies can post vacancies and search resumes globally through these portals. This makes the search very efficient.
4. Employee Referral: Current employees recommend suitable candidates from their network of friends, relatives, or acquaintances. This often results in good quality hires, as the referrer usually has a good understanding of the company's needs.
5. Employment Agencies: These are organizations, either private or public (like Public Employment Exchanges), that act as a link between job seekers and employers. They maintain databases of candidates and help companies find suitable talent for a fee. This includes public exchanges that help job seekers find work.
In simple words: External recruitment means finding new staff from outside the company. Ways to do this include people walking in with applications, advertisements, online job portals, current employees recommending people, and using special hiring agencies.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining external sources, focus on how each method brings new candidates from outside the company, and be prepared to list several distinct examples.

 

Question 3. What are the Recent Trends in Recruitment?
Answer: Recent trends in recruitment focus on more efficient and strategic ways of finding talent. Two notable trends are:
1. Outsourcing: Many organizations now use external firms to manage part or all of their recruitment process. These outsourcing companies specialize in screening applications and finding the best candidates for specific jobs, charging a service fee. This allows the main company to focus on its core business.
2. Poaching: This involves organizations hiring skilled employees from rival companies by offering them better financial and non-financial benefits. Companies use poaching to quickly acquire experienced talent without spending time on training and development. It is also commonly called "raiding" in the industry.
In simple words: New ways of hiring include outsourcing (getting help from other companies to find staff) and poaching (hiring talented workers from other companies by offering more benefits).

🎯 Exam Tip: Recent trends like outsourcing and poaching highlight the shift towards more specialized and competitive strategies in talent acquisition. These trends aim to make recruitment faster and more effective.

12th Commerce Guide Recruitment Methods Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer.

 

Question 1. Promotion is a ................... source of requirement.
(a) internal
(b) external
(c) modern
(d) NOTA
Answer: (a) internal
In simple words: When someone gets a promotion, they are already working inside the company. So, promotion is a way to fill jobs from within the organization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that any movement of an existing employee to a new role within the same organization, such as a promotion or transfer, is considered an internal source of recruitment.

 

Question 1. The internal source of recruitment are
(i) promotion
(ii) e-recruitment
(iii) retention
(iv) advertisements
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer: (b) (i) and (iii)
In simple words: Internal ways to find staff include promoting current workers or keeping experienced retiring workers (retention). E-recruitment and advertisements are usually external.

🎯 Exam Tip: Internal sources are those that utilize existing employees or former employees with a prior connection to the organization, making promotion and retention suitable examples.

 

Question 3. Poaching is also known as ...................
(a) Selection
(b) Yield
(c) Success
(d) Raiding
Answer: (d) Raiding
In simple words: Poaching, which means hiring talented people from other companies, is also called raiding. It's a way to quickly get skilled workers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize synonyms for common HR terms; "poaching" and "raiding" are interchangeable in the context of attracting talent from competitors.

 

Question 4. The process of attracting potential people to apply for a job in an organisation is ...................
(a) Selection
(b) Recruitment
(c) HR
(d) NOTA
Answer: E-recruitment
In simple words: The overall process of bringing in potential people to apply for jobs is known as recruitment. E-recruitment is a modern online method to do this.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that recruitment is the broad process of attracting candidates, while E-recruitment is a specific method using digital platforms. The core term is recruitment.

 

Question 5. ................... helps in the process of moving employees from a lower position to a higher position.
(a) Appraisal
(b) Knowledge
(c) Skill
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) All of these
In simple words: Moving employees up to a higher job can be helped by checking their work (appraisal), what they know (knowledge), and what they can do (skill). All these things together help in promotions.

🎯 Exam Tip: While an appraisal is a formal process, knowledge and skills are fundamental qualities that an appraisal evaluates to determine suitability for promotion. Therefore, all factors contribute.

 

Question 6. Movement of an employee from a higher position to a lower position because of poor performance is known as ...................
(a) Promotion
(b) Demotion
(c) Rotation
(d) Retention
Answer: (b) Demotion
In simple words: When an employee is moved to a less important job because they are not performing well, it is called a demotion. It's a step down due to work quality issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Demotion is typically a consequence of unsatisfactory performance, resulting in a downgrade of an employee's position, responsibilities, and often pay.

 

Question 7. The organisation visits the Educational institutions to recruit suitable candidates is known as ...................
(a) Job Portals
(b) Campus
(c) Word of Mouth
(d) Online
Answer: (b) Campus
In simple words: When companies visit schools and colleges to hire students, it's called campus recruitment. They go directly to educational places to find new talent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Campus recruitment focuses on recruiting directly from educational institutions, distinguishing it from other online or informal methods.

 

Question 8. Why vacancy arises?
(a) Death
(b) Retirement
(c) Resignation
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) All of these
In simple words: A job can become empty for many reasons, such as an employee passing away, retiring, or leaving the job by resigning. All these situations create a vacancy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Vacancies can arise from both planned (e.g., retirement) and unplanned (e.g., death, resignation) departures of employees, all necessitating recruitment.

 

Question 9. Applicants with suitable qualification requirement can be known as ...................
(a) Walk-in
(b) Campus
(c) Advertisement
(d) NOTA
Answer: (a) Walk-in
In simple words: People who come directly to a company with the right skills and apply for a job are called walk-in applicants. They apply without being asked by an advertisement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Walk-in applicants are those who spontaneously visit the organization to inquire about or apply for job openings, often possessing relevant qualifications.

 

Question 10. Pick the odd one out:
(a) Rival firms
(b) Walk-ins
(c) Campus
(d) Deputation
Answer: (d) Deputation
In simple words: Rival firms, walk-ins, and campus recruitment are all ways to find new employees. Deputation means sending an employee to work in another company or department temporarily, which is different from finding a new hire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that rival firms, walk-ins, and campus recruitment are all external sources of fresh talent, whereas deputation is an internal arrangement for existing employees.

 

Question 11. Pick the odd one out:
(a) Word of mouth
(b) Job portals
(c) Labour contractors
(d) Campus
Answer: (d) Campus
In simple words: Word of mouth, job portals, and labour contractors are common external ways to find new workers. Campus recruitment is also external but involves going directly to educational institutions, making it a slightly different category of approach compared to the others.

🎯 Exam Tip: While all are external, "campus" recruitment specifically targets educational institutions, while the others are broader methods for reaching various job seekers.

 

Question 12. Pick the odd one out:
(a) Transfer
(b) Promotion
(c) Demotion
(d) Advertisement
Answer: (d) Advertisement
In simple words: Transfers, promotions, and demotions all involve moving existing employees within the company. Advertisements, however, are used to find new people from outside the company, making it the different one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that transfers, promotions, and demotions are internal movements, whereas advertisements are a classic external recruitment method.

 

Question 13. Pick the odd one out:
(a) Planning
(b) Determining
(c) Identifying
(d) Upgrading
Answer: (d) Upgrading
In simple words: Planning, determining, and identifying are all steps in the recruitment process. Upgrading, which means moving an employee to a higher position, is an internal source of recruitment, not a general step in the process.

🎯 Exam Tip: The recruitment process involves sequential steps like planning and identifying needs, whereas "upgrading" is a specific action related to employee movement, often a result of the process.

 

Question 14. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) E-Recruitment – Online methods
(b) Unsolicited Applicants – Applications of job seekers
(c) Employee referral – Existing employees recommendation
(d) Private Employment Agencies – Established by the Government
Answer: (d) Private Employment Agencies – Established by the Government
In simple words: This option describes a type of agency. Private Employment Agencies are organizations that help connect job seekers with employers, but they are usually run by private businesses, not the government. Government-run agencies are called Public Employment Exchanges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the details in matching questions. Private agencies are typically commercial, while public agencies are government-backed. Carefully distinguish between the two types of employment services.

 

Question 15. Which is the correct statement?
The vacancy arises due to:
(i) Retirement or Death of an employee.
(ii) Resignation of an employee.
(iii) Disablement and Dismissal of an employee.
(a) (i) is correct
(b) (ii) is correct
(c) (iii) is correct
(d) All (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
Answer: (d) All (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: A job can become empty for many reasons. These include when someone retires, passes away, resigns, becomes unable to work, or is fired. All these situations mean a new person is needed for the role.

🎯 Exam Tip: Vacancies are created by any event that causes an employee to leave their position, encompassing both voluntary (resignation, retirement) and involuntary (death, dismissal, disablement) departures.

II. Match The Following

 

Question 1. Match List I with List – II

(a) 4 3 1 2
(b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 4 1 2 3
Answer: (a) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 1, (iv) 2
In simple words: Match each recruitment term with its correct definition. Promotion means moving up, demotion means moving down, retention uses retired staff, and job rotation involves learning multiple jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core concept of each term (Promotion, Demotion, Retention, Job Rotation) to correctly identify its corresponding definition or characteristic.

 

Question 2. Match List I with List – II

(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 1 2 3
Answer: (b) (i) 3, (ii) 4, (iii) 1, (iv) 2
In simple words: This question matches different recruitment sources or situations with their definitions. Transfers move employees between departments. Dependants are the legal family of a deceased employee. Previous applicants have already applied before. Acquisition and mergers involve one company taking over or joining another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read each item in List I and match it with the most accurate description in List II. Pay attention to keywords that define each term precisely.

 

Question 3. Match List I with List – II

(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 4 3 2 1
Answer: (a) (i) 2,(ii) 1,(iii) 4,(iv) 3
In simple words: This matching exercise connects different recruitment methods with their characteristics. Poaching means taking skilled workers from other companies. Factory gate recruitment is for temporary workers. Campus recruitment involves visiting schools. Walk-ins are people who come directly to apply.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary purpose or method of each recruitment source. Poaching is about talent acquisition from competitors, while factory gate is often for mass hiring of manual labor.

 

III Assertion And Reason.

 

Question 1. Assertion (A): One single employee managing to learn how to perform in more than one job on rotation. Reason (R): It familiarises the employees with all kinds of jobs performed and becomes a source.
(a) (A) is True (R) is False
(b) (A) is False (R) is True
(c) Both (A) and (R) are True
(d) Both (A) and (R) are False
Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are True
In simple words: Assertion (A) is true because job rotation means an employee learns many jobs. Reason (R) is also true as this helps employees understand different roles and can be a source of internal recruitment. Both statements support each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true. Then, check if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. If both are true and related, the correct option is usually where both are true and R explains A.

 

IV. Very Short Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. What is Retention?
Answer: Retention, as an internal source of recruitment, involves using retired employees to meet new staffing needs. This happens when their service period is extended according to the company's decision. It helps keep experienced people working.
In simple words: Retention means keeping retired employees by extending their service if the company needs them, based on their experience.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining retention, emphasize that it involves utilizing *retired* employees by *extending their service*, and it's an *internal source* of recruitment.

 

Question 2. How the Dependants are appointed?
Answer: Dependants are appointed when the legal heirs or family members of a deceased employee are given a chance to take over their position. This provides support to the family and fills the vacancy.
In simple words: Family members of a deceased employee might be given their job as dependants, helping the family and filling the role.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key point for 'dependants' appointment is the replacement of a deceased employee by their legal heirs or family members.

 

Question 3. What is meant by retention?
Answer: Retention is a specific internal recruitment method where employees who have retired or are about to retire are re-engaged. Their service is extended at the management's discretion to fill job requirements. It ensures continuity of experience.
In simple words: Retention in recruitment means keeping retired employees or extending their work time to fill jobs as decided by the company.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state that retention focuses on *retiring* or *retired* employees and is an *internal* source of recruitment. Mentioning "management discretion" adds completeness.

 

Question 4. What is Campus Recruitment?
Answer: Campus recruitment is when organizations visit educational institutions like colleges and universities. They go there specifically to find and hire suitable candidates directly from the student body. This is a common way to recruit fresh talent.
In simple words: Campus recruitment is when companies go to colleges to find and hire students for jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define campus recruitment by mentioning *organizations*, *educational institutions*, and the goal of *identifying and recruiting suitable candidates* directly from these places.

 

Question 5. What is E-Recruitment?
Answer: E-Recruitment refers to the online method of finding and hiring employees. When an organization uses digital platforms and internet-based tools for its recruitment process, it is following e-recruitment. This makes the process faster and wider reaching.
In simple words: E-recruitment means using online methods or the internet to find and hire new employees.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core of e-recruitment is the use of *online methods* or the *internet* for the recruitment process.

 

Question 6. What is Deputation?
Answer: Deputation is when an existing employee of an organization is assigned to a specific job in *another* organization for a short, set period. It is usually a temporary arrangement to solve a particular staffing need elsewhere.
In simple words: Deputation is when an employee from one company works at another company for a short time for a specific job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that deputation involves an *existing employee* moving to *another organization* for a *specified, usually short, period*.

 

Question 7. What is word of mouth?
Answer: Word of mouth in recruitment means that information about job seekers is gathered through people known to the organization. These known people then pass on messages about job vacancies to others in their network. It relies on personal connections.
In simple words: Word of mouth recruitment means getting information about jobs or candidates through people talking to each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that "word of mouth" involves *personal connections* and *informal communication* about job vacancies or suitable candidates.

 

Question 8. What is outsourcing?
Answer: Outsourcing in recruitment means hiring external firms to handle the recruitment process. These firms help by screening applications and finding the right people for jobs. They are paid service charges for this work. This saves the company time and resources.
In simple words: Outsourcing in recruitment means hiring another company to do the job of finding and hiring new employees.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on outsourcing as *hiring external firms* to *manage the recruitment process* and that these firms are paid for their services.

 

Question 9. Mention any two Features of campus recruitment.
Answer:
(i) Most of the applicants for campus recruitment are gathered in one place, like a college campus.
(ii) The company can arrange the recruitment process in a short period because candidates are readily available.
In simple words: Two features of campus recruitment are that many job seekers are in one spot, and companies can quickly organize hiring events.

🎯 Exam Tip: For features of campus recruitment, highlight the *concentration of applicants* in one location and the *speed/efficiency* of the recruitment process.

 

Question 10. List the benefits of external sources of recruitment.
Answer:
(i) The company gains new abilities and skills from outside applicants, bringing fresh perspectives.
(ii) New employees can bring different work habits and can help change older, less effective habits within the organization.
In simple words: External recruitment brings new skills and fresh ideas, and new employees can help change old work habits.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing benefits of external sources, emphasize the introduction of *new skills/perspectives* and the potential for *organizational change*.

 

V. Short Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. What do you mean by poaching?
Answer: Poaching in recruitment means that a company hires employees from other companies by offering them better pay and benefits. This method allows the hiring company to get experienced staff without having to train and develop their own employees from scratch. It is also known as raiding.
In simple words: Poaching is when a company hires skilled workers from rival companies by offering them more money and benefits.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key elements of poaching are *hiring from other companies*, *offering better terms*, and the goal of acquiring *experienced talent* without internal development. Mentioning "raiding" is also useful.

 

Question 2. Explain the difference between Advertisement and Unsolicited application.

Answer: Advertisement involves an employer actively announcing job openings through media like newspapers. Unsolicited applications, on the other hand, are sent by job seekers on their own initiative, without any prior job posting from the company. The main difference is who initiates the contact and whether a vacancy is formally announced.
In simple words: Advertisements are when companies tell everyone about open jobs. Unsolicited applications are when people send their resumes even when no job is announced.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between the proactive nature of advertising by the *employer* and the reactive/voluntary nature of unsolicited applications by the *job seeker*. Use a table format if asked to compare.

 

VI. Long Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. What are the Internal Sources of Recruitment? [PUT] [DR]
Answer: Internal sources of recruitment are ways a company fills job openings by using its current employees. These methods include:
(i) Promotion: Employees move from a lower position to a higher one based on their seniority and good performance within the company's hierarchy.
(ii) Upgrading: Performance reviews help employees move from lower to higher positions, improving their career path.
(iii) Transfer: An employee is moved from one department that has too many staff to another department that needs more staff.
(iv) Demotion: An employee moves from a higher position to a lower one, usually due to poor performance, to highlight the importance of doing well.
(v) Retired employees: Employees who have already retired can be called back to fill a vacancy if they have the necessary skills and experience.
In simple words: Internal recruitment means hiring from inside the company. This can be done through promotions (moving up), upgrading (moving to a better role), transfers (moving sideways), demotions (moving down due to poor work), or asking retired employees to come back.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing internal sources, ensure you clearly define each method (promotion, upgrading, transfer, demotion, retired employees) and emphasize that all these methods involve existing or former employees within the organization.

 

Question 2. Explain the different methods of recruitment.
Answer: There are two main ways organizations find and hire employees:
**1. Internal Sources:** These involve filling job openings from within the existing workforce. Examples include:
- Promotion: Moving an employee to a higher rank with more responsibility.
- Upgrading: Improving an employee's position, often with more specialized tasks.
- Transfers: Moving an employee to a different department or job at the same level.
- Demotion: Moving an employee to a lower-level position, typically due to performance issues.
- Dependents: Hiring family members of deceased employees.
- Retired employees: Re-engaging employees who have previously retired.
- Recommodation by existing employees: Current staff recommending suitable candidates.
- Job Rotation: Moving employees between different tasks or jobs to broaden their skills.
**2. External Sources:** These involve finding candidates from outside the organization. They can be divided into direct and indirect methods:
(a) Direct Sources:
- Walk-ins: Candidates who directly apply for jobs without prior advertisement.
- Campus Recruitment: Visiting educational institutions to hire students.
- Advertisements: Placing job ads in media like newspapers or online.
- Unsolicited Applicants: People sending resumes even when no job is advertised.
- Factory Gate Recruitment: Hiring temporary or unskilled workers directly at the factory gate.
(b) Indirect Sources:
- Job portals: Online platforms connecting job seekers with employers.
- Employee referral: Existing employees recommending external candidates.
- Employment Agencies: Private firms that help match candidates with jobs.
- Professional Associations: Organizations for professionals that might help with recruitment.
- Labour Contractors: Individuals who provide a workforce for specific tasks.
- Outsourcing: Hiring external firms to manage the recruitment process.
- Word of mouth: Informal recommendations from known people.
- Poaching: Hiring skilled employees from rival firms.
- Government (Public) Employment Exchange: Government bodies that maintain a database of job seekers.
- Deputation: Sending an employee to work in another organization temporarily.
In simple words: Recruitment happens in two main ways: internal and external. Internal means hiring people already working for the company, like promotions or transfers. External means hiring people from outside the company, using methods like job ads, campus visits, job websites, or even hiring from other companies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Start by categorizing recruitment into Internal and External sources. Then, provide a few distinct examples for each, briefly explaining what they entail. For external sources, distinguishing between direct and indirect methods shows deeper understanding.

 

Question 3. Elaborate on the factors affecting recruitment.
Answer: Recruitment is influenced by both internal and external factors:
**A. Internal Factors:** These are elements within the organization that affect how it recruits staff. They include:
- Size of the organization: Larger companies usually have more openings and resources for recruitment.
- Image of the organization: A good reputation attracts more and better candidates.
- Recruitment policy: The company's rules about hiring, such as whether to prioritize internal or external candidates.
- Image of job: How attractive a specific job role appears to potential applicants.
- Future plans: The company's growth plans affect how many people and what kind of people it will need to hire.
**B. External Factors:** These are elements outside the organization that influence recruitment. They include:
- Labour Market: The overall availability of skilled and unskilled workers in the economy.
- Unemployment situation: High unemployment means more candidates are available, while low unemployment means fewer.
- Labour Laws: Government regulations about hiring, working conditions, and discrimination that companies must follow.
- Legal Consideration: Broader legal requirements that impact the recruitment process.
- Socio-economic factors: Social and economic conditions, such as education levels and income, which influence the quality and quantity of the available workforce.
In simple words: Many things affect how a company hires people. Inside the company, its size, reputation, hiring rules, and future plans matter. Outside the company, things like how many people are looking for jobs, government laws, and general economic conditions also play a big role.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly separate internal and external factors. For each factor, briefly explain *how* it affects recruitment, rather than just listing it. Use acronyms like LULLS (Labour Market, Unemployment situation, Labour Laws, Legal Consideration, Socio-economic factors) or SIR IF (Size, Image, Recruitment policy, Image of job, Future plans) to remember the points for better recall.

 

Question 4. Discuss the importance of Recruitment.
Answer: Recruitment is very important for an organization for several reasons:
(i) It is the first step in finding suitable candidates for various job positions.
(ii) It helps in attracting many people to apply for a job, giving the company a wide choice.
(iii) It acts as a bridge, connecting job providers (companies) with job seekers (people looking for work).
(iv) It encourages prospective employees to apply, making sure there are enough applicants.
(v) It involves communicating clearly about job vacancies to potential candidates.
(vi) It is considered an economical method if done right, as it aims to get the best people for the least cost.
(vii) The recruitment process itself is usually simple and easy to understand.
(viii) It has a positive impact on the company by bringing in fresh talent and ideas.
(ix) During recruitment, no formal employment contract is established yet, allowing flexibility.
(x) A well-planned recruitment process can be done quickly, requiring less time to find candidates.
In simple words: Recruitment is important because it finds good people for jobs, brings many applicants, links employers and job seekers, and helps companies grow by getting the right talent. It is a simple and efficient way to staff an organization.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing importance, focus on both the organizational benefits (finding suitable candidates, attracting talent) and the broader role it plays (bridging the gap between employers and job seekers). Use action verbs to describe its functions.