Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu

 

Question 1. Who was the first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha?
(a) T.M. Nair
(b) P. Rangaiah
(c) G. Subramaniam
(d) G.A. Natesan
Answer: (b) P. Rangaiah
In simple words: P. Rangaiah was the first person to lead the Madras Mahajana Sabha. This group worked for the rights of Indians.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about historical figures, clearly state their role or achievement, especially if they were the "first" in a position.

 

Question 2. Where was the third session of the Indian National Congress held?
(a) Marina
(b) Mylapore
(c) Fort St. George
(d) Thousand Lights
Answer: (d) Thousand Lights
In simple words: The third big meeting of the Indian National Congress took place in an area called Thousand Lights. This was a significant early meeting for the political party.

🎯 Exam Tip: For event-based questions, remember both the "where" (location) and "when" (date, if provided) to score full marks.

 

Question 3. Who said "Better bullock carts and freedom than a train deluxe with subjection"?
(a) Annie Besant
(b) M. Veeraraghavachari
(c) B.P. Wadia
(d) G.S. Arundale
Answer: (a) Annie Besant
In simple words: Annie Besant said this famous line, meaning that having simple freedom is much better than having luxurious things but being controlled by others. She was a strong supporter of India's independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote-based questions test your knowledge of who said what; focus on associating key phrases with their speakers.

 

Question 4. Which among the following was SILF's official organ in English?
(a) Dravidian
(b) Andhra Prakasika
(c) Justice
(d) New India
Answer: (c) Justice
In simple words: The "Justice" newspaper was the main English publication for SILF. It helped them share their ideas and news with more people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When studying organizations, also note their publications or communication channels as they are often significant.

 

Question 5. Who among the following were Swarajists?
(a) S. Satyamurty
(b) Kastunrangar
(c) P. Subbarayan
(d) Periyar EVR
Answer: (a) S. Satyamurty
In simple words: S. Satyamurty was one of the members of the Swarajist party. This party aimed to get more self-rule for Indians by participating in elections.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify key leaders associated with different political movements or parties during the freedom struggle.

 

Question 6. Who set up the satyagraha camp in Udyavanam near Madras?
(a) Kamarai
(b) Rajaji
(c) K. Santhanam
(d) T. Prakasam
Answer: (d) T. Prakasam
In simple words: T. Prakasam started the satyagraha camp in Udyavanam, which was close to Madras. This camp was a place for non-violent protests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important locations and the leaders associated with them are frequently tested in history exams.

 

Question 7. Where was the anti-Hindi Conference held?
(a) Erode
(b) Madras
(c) Salem
(d) Madurai
Answer: (c) Salem
In simple words: The big meeting against Hindi being forced on people happened in Salem. This conference was a significant event in the anti-Hindi movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the venues of major conferences or protests helps demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of historical movements.

 

Question 8. Where did the congress volunteers clash with the military during Quit India Movement?
(a) Erode
(b) Madras
(c) Salem
(d) Madurai
Answer: (d) Madurai
In simple words: During the Quit India Movement, congress volunteers and military forces had a conflict in Madurai. This showed the growing tension and resistance against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note down specific instances of conflict or resistance as they highlight the intensity of a movement.

II. Fill In The Blanks

 

Question 1. T. Muthuswami was appointed the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court.
Answer: T. Muthuswami was appointed the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court.
In simple words: T. Muthuswami was the first Indian person to become a Judge in the Madras High Court.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important names and their roles, especially those who were first in significant positions.

 

Question 2. The economic exploitation of India was exposed by G. Subramaniam through his writings.
Answer: The economic exploitation of India was exposed by G. Subramaniam through his writings.
In simple words: G. Subramaniam showed how the British were unfairly using India's money and resources by writing about it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight figures who used literature or journalism to raise awareness during the freedom struggle.

 

Question 3. Nilakanta Brahmachari started the secret society named Bharata Matha Society.
Answer: Nilakanta Brahmachari started the secret society named Bharata Matha Society.
In simple words: Nilakanta Brahmachari created a hidden group called the Bharata Matha Society. Secret societies played a role in revolutionary activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the names of secret societies and their founders, as these are often part of the revolutionary phase.

 

Question 4. The starting of trade unions in Madras was pioneered by B.P.Wadia.
Answer: The starting of trade unions in Madras was pioneered by B.P.Wadia.
In simple words: B.P.Wadia was among the first to organize trade unions in Madras. These unions helped workers fight for their rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify leaders who were instrumental in establishing workers' rights organizations, as industrial movements were also part of the larger struggle.

 

Question 5. The Dravidian Association Hostel for non-Brahmin students was established by C. Natesanar.
Answer: The Dravidian Association Hostel for non-Brahmin students was established by C. Natesanar.
In simple words: C. Natesanar set up a hostel called the Dravidian Association Hostel for students who were not Brahmins. This helped many students get an education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize contributions made towards social reform and education, especially for marginalized communities.

 

Question 6. C. Rajaji formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras.
Answer: C. Rajaji formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras.
In simple words: C. Rajaji was responsible for creating the first Congress government in Madras. This marked a step towards Indian self-governance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the individuals who held important political offices during the transitional period.

 

Question 7. Yakub Hasan was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League.
Answer: Yakub Hasan was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League.
In simple words: Yakub Hasan established the Muslim League branch in Madras. This group represented Muslim interests in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the founders of significant political or communal organizations in different regions.

 

Question 8. Bashyam hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932.
Answer: Bashyam hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932.
In simple words: Bashyam raised the Indian national flag on top of Fort St. George on January 26, 1932. This was a brave act of defiance against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical dates combined with significant events and the people involved are key details to memorize.

III. Choose The Correct Statement

 

Question 1.
(i) Madras Native Association was founded in 1852.
(ii) Tamil nationalist periodical Swadesamitran was started in 1891.
(iii) The Madras Mahajana Sabha demanded conduct of civil services examinations only in India
(iv) V.S. Srinivasanar was an extremist.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (iii) is correct
(c) (iv) is correct
(d) All are correct
Answer: (a) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: The Madras Native Association began in 1852, and the Tamil newspaper Swadesamitran started in 1891. Both these statements are accurate facts about early nationalist activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple-statement questions, carefully check each statement individually against your knowledge before selecting the combined correct option.

 

Question 2.
(i) EVR did not participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(ii) Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan of the Muslim League.
(iii) Workers did not participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(iv) Toddy shops were not picketed in Tamil Nadu.
(c) (ii) is correct
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (c) (ii) is correct
In simple words: Rajaji and Yakub Hasan of the Muslim League cooperated closely. This cooperation was an important part of the political landscape during the freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the alliances and working relationships between different leaders and organizations, as they shaped the political movements.

 

Question 3. Assertion (A): The Justice Party opposed the Home Rule Movement. Reason (R): The Justice Party feared that Home Rule would give the Brahmins more power.
(a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) A is correct but R is wrong
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Both the statement that the Justice Party was against the Home Rule Movement and the reason that they feared it would increase Brahmin power are true. The reason correctly explains why they opposed it.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both A and R are individually true, then determine if R logically explains A.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): EVR raised the issue of representation for non-Brahmins in legislature. Reason (R): During the first Congress Ministry, Rajaji abolished sales tax.
(a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) A is correct but R is wrong.
(c) Both A and R are wrong.
(d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (b) A is correct but R is wrong.
In simple words: The statement that EVR spoke up for non-Brahmins to have a fair chance in government is true. However, the statement that Rajaji removed sales tax during the first Congress Ministry is false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be cautious with specific policy details and dates in Assertion-Reason questions; factual accuracy for both statements is critical.

IV. Match The Following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (iv) MNA - Torture Commission
B. (v) EVR Periyar - Vaikom Hero
C. (ii) S.N. Somayajulu - Removal of Neill Statue
D. (iii) Vedaranyam - Salt Satyagraha
E. (i) Thalamuthu - Anti-Hindi agitation
In simple words: Each item in Column I correctly matches with its related event or term in Column II. This shows the connections between leaders, places, and movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, it's helpful to quickly link the most obvious pairs first, then use elimination for the remaining ones.

V. Answer The Following Questions Briefly

 

Question 1. List out the contribution of the moderates.
Answer: The moderates primarily helped by showing how unfair the British claims of being liberal were. They pointed out how the British exploited India and acted hypocritically by practicing democratic rules in England but imposing a non-representative government in their colonies. They raised awareness about economic exploitation. It was their early critique that laid the groundwork for future nationalist movements.
In simple words: The moderates showed how the British were unfair to India, taking advantage of its resources, even while pretending to be democratic in their own country. They spoke out against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific methods and outcomes of the moderates, such as their use of petitions and exposing British exploitation, rather than revolutionary actions.

 

Question 2. Write a note on the Tirunelveli Uprising.
Answer:
1. V.O. Chidambaranar and Subramania Siva organized mill workers in Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli.
2. In 1908, V.O. Chidambaranar led a strike at European-owned coral mills, which happened around the time Bipin Chandra Pal was released.
3. To celebrate Bipin Chandra Pal's release, V.O.C and Subramania Siva arranged a public gathering.
4. Both leaders were accused of sedition (speaking against the government) and were given harsh prison sentences.
5. The news of their arrest caused riots in Tirunelveli. People burned down the Police Station, Court Building, and Municipal Office.
6. Four people died when police opened fire. V.O.C was treated very badly in jail. This uprising showed strong local resistance to British authority.
In simple words: The Tirunelveli Uprising happened because V.O. Chidambaranar and Subramania Siva organized mill workers and were then arrested. This led to big riots, burning of buildings, and even deaths due to police firing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing uprisings, include the key leaders, the inciting incident (like an arrest), the public reaction (riots), and the government's response (police firing, harsh treatment).

 

Question 3. What is the contribution of Annie Besant to India's freedom struggle?
Answer: Annie Besant greatly helped India's freedom struggle by starting the Home Rule League. She also wrote two books and a pamphlet about self-governance. Many members of her movement played a big role in setting up and organizing classes for workers through trade unions. Her efforts helped awaken a sense of self-rule among Indians.
In simple words: Annie Besant started the Home Rule League and wrote books about self-governance. Her group also helped organize workers through trade unions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Annie Besant's key initiative, the Home Rule League, and her contributions through writing and organizing, which were crucial for the nationalist movement.

 

Question 4. Mention the various measures introduced by the Justice Ministry.
Answer: The Justice Ministry brought in many new rules to help non-Brahmins. These measures included:
1. Setting aside jobs in local governments and places of education for them.
2. Starting the Staff Selection Board, which later became the Public Service Commission, to ensure fair hiring.
3. Passing the Hindu Religious Endowment Act, which brought temples under government control to prevent misuse of funds.
4. Allowing only non-Brahmin women into public life, showing a step towards gender equality.
5. Ending the Devadasi system, which was a social reform to uplift women.
6. Giving away unused government lands (Poromboke) to poor people for building homes.
7. Expanding basic education for disadvantaged groups by offering free tuition, scholarships, and free meals. These steps aimed to bring social justice and equal opportunities.
In simple words: The Justice Ministry made many rules to help non-Brahmins, like reserving jobs, setting up a hiring board, controlling temples, ending the Devadasi system, giving land to the poor, and making education easier for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing measures, present them as clear, numbered points for better readability and to ensure all details are covered.

 

Question 5. Write briefly on EVR's contribution to the constructive programme?
Answer: E.V. Ramaswamy (EVR) actively supported the constructive program by promoting the use and sale of khadi (hand-spun cloth). He was also against people drinking alcohol. He played a very important role in the satyagraha movement for temple entry in Vaikom. Mahatma Gandhi even called him "Vaikom Hero" because of his strong work against caste discrimination and his efforts for temple entry rights. His work helped bring social reform into the broader freedom movement.
In simple words: EVR helped the constructive program by promoting khadi and opposing alcohol. He was also called "Vaikom Hero" by Gandhi for his work against caste discrimination and for temple entry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the specific aspects of a leader's contribution, like EVR's role in social reform and his recognition by other prominent leaders.

 

Question 6. What is Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy?
Answer:
1. A gurukulam (a traditional school) was opened in Cheranmadevi by V.V. Subramanianar to promote national education. It received money from the Congress party.
2. However, students in the gurukulam were treated differently based on their caste.
3. They were forced to eat separately, and even the food served to different caste groups was distinct.
4. E.V.R. noticed this issue and strongly criticized it, along with another leader, Dr. R. Varadarajulu.
5. This controversy, combined with disagreements about communal representation within the Congress, eventually led E.V.R. (Periyar) to leave the Congress party. This incident highlighted the challenges of caste discrimination within the nationalist movement.
In simple words: The Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy was about caste discrimination at a school for national education. Students were made to eat separately based on caste, which E.V.R. strongly opposed, causing him to leave the Congress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both the cause of the controversy (caste discrimination) and its significant outcome (EVR leaving the Congress) for a complete answer.

 

Question 7. Why was the anti-Hindi agitation popular?
Answer: The anti-Hindi agitation became popular because many people in Tamil Nadu felt that making Hindi compulsory was an attempt by North India to force its culture and language on them. They saw it as harmful to the Tamil language and their unique cultural identity. This strong feeling of protecting their language and culture made the movement widely supported. The agitation highlighted a crucial aspect of identity politics during the freedom struggle.
In simple words: The protest against Hindi was popular because Tamils felt it was an unfair attempt to force a North Indian language on them, which would hurt their own Tamil language and culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the popularity of a movement, focus on the underlying sentiments and perceived threats that resonated with the public.

 

Question 8. Outline the key incidents during the Quit India Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: On August 8, 1942, the Quit India resolution was passed, and soon after, all Congress leaders were arrested. In Tamil Nadu, several key incidents took place:
1. Police waited at every railway station with lists to arrest local leaders as they arrived.
2. Kamaraj managed to avoid arrest when he returned from a Bombay conference. He then worked secretly and organized people during the movement.
3. All parts of society, including students, participated in the movement.
4. There were many acts of violence, such as setting fire to post offices in Vellore and Panapakkam.
5. Telegraph lines were cut down.
6. Congress volunteers clashed with the military in Madurai.
7. Railway traffic was disrupted, and trains were derailed in Coimbatore.
8. Police fired on crowds in Rajapalayam, Karaikudi, and Devakottai. These incidents show the widespread nature of the resistance and the harsh government response.
In simple words: During the Quit India Movement in Tamil Nadu, leaders were arrested, but Kamaraj worked secretly to organize protests. People participated widely, leading to violence like burning post offices, cutting telegraph lines, clashes with the military in Madurai, and police firings.

🎯 Exam Tip: For outlining incidents, use a numbered list for clarity and include a variety of event types, from arrests to public actions and government repression.

VI. Answer The Questions Given Under Each Caption

 

Question 1. Salt march to Vedaranyam
(a) What was in forefront of the civil disobedience movement in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: In Tamil Nadu, demonstrations, hartals (strikes), and the staging of Swadeshi dramas and songs were very prominent during the civil disobedience movement. These activities were seen in both rural and urban areas. The people used creative ways to show their protest and national spirit.
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, protests, strikes, and Swadeshi plays and songs were key parts of the civil disobedience movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the diverse forms of protest, including cultural expressions, as they demonstrate broad public engagement in a movement.

 

Question 1. Salt march to Vedaranyam
(b) How was the movement in Madras city?
Answer: In Madras city, as part of the civil disobedience movement, shops were picketed, and foreign goods were boycotted. People actively refused to buy imported items to support Indian industries. This economic protest was a common strategy to pressure the British.
In simple words: In Madras, people closed shops and refused to buy foreign goods as part of the movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on specific actions like picketing and boycotts when describing urban participation in civil disobedience.

 

Question 1. Salt march to Vedaranyam
(c) Who organised and led the Salt Satyagraha March to Vedaranyam?
Answer: Rajaji organized and led the Salt Satyagraha March to Vedaranyam. He was a prominent leader who played a crucial role in mobilizing people for this significant protest. This march was similar to Gandhi's Dandi March, aiming to defy the British salt laws.
In simple words: Rajaji planned and led the Salt Satyagraha March to Vedaranyam.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly name the key leader for specific marches or movements, as leadership is a vital aspect of historical events.

 

Question 1. Salt march to Vedaranyam
(d) From where and when does the march started and reached Vedaranyam?
Answer: The march started from Trichirapalli on April 13, 1930, and arrived in Vedaranyam (in Tanjore district) on April 28. It covered a long distance, inspiring many along the way. The specific dates highlight the planning and execution of this important event.
In simple words: The march started in Trichirapalli on April 13, 1930, and ended in Vedaranyam on April 28.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include both start and end points, along with the precise dates, for geographical and chronological accuracy in historical event descriptions.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(a) How were 'no-changers' different from 'pro-changers'?
Answer: The 'no-changers' wanted to keep boycotting the legislative councils and refused to participate in elections. On the other hand, the 'pro-changers' wished to contest elections for the councils. These differences showed the various approaches within the nationalist movement towards achieving independence.
In simple words: 'No-changers' wanted to boycott elections, while 'pro-changers' wanted to take part in elections.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the core difference between opposing groups in political movements to show a clear understanding.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(b) What did Rajaji oppose? Name two persons who supported him.
Answer: Rajaji was against the idea of entering the legislative councils (council entry). Two people who supported his view were Kasturi Ranga Iyengar and M. A. Ansari. This internal debate was a significant aspect of the Swarajist movement.
In simple words: Rajaji did not want to enter the councils. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar and M. A. Ansari supported him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific stance of a leader on a key issue and name their prominent supporters for a complete answer.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(c) Who formed Swaraj Party?
Answer: Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru together formed the Swaraj Party. This party was created to work for India's self-rule from within the British-controlled legislative councils. Their goal was to disrupt British policy from the inside.
In simple words: Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru started the Swaraj Party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate political parties with their founders to demonstrate foundational knowledge.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(d) Who led the Swarajists in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: S. Srinivasa Iyengar and S. Satyamurthi led the Swarajists in Tamil Nadu. These leaders played a crucial role in bringing the Swarajist ideology to the region and gaining local support. They championed the idea of parliamentary resistance.
In simple words: S. Srinivasa Iyengar and S. Satyamurthi were the leaders of the Swarajists in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question specifies a region (e.g., "Tamil Nadu"), ensure your answer focuses on leaders from that particular region.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(a) Name the leaders provided leadership during non-cooperation movement in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: E.V. Ramaswamy (Periyar) and C. Rajaji provided the leadership for the non-cooperation movement in Tamil Nadu. Their guidance was essential in organizing protests and spreading the message of non-cooperation throughout the region. These leaders helped shape the movement's local direction.
In simple words: E.V. Ramaswamy (Periyar) and C. Rajaji led the non-cooperation movement in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention the full names of leaders and any well-known titles (like Periyar) to provide complete information.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(b) Who was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League?
Answer: Yakub Hasan was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League. He established this regional chapter to represent Muslim interests and ensure their voice was heard in the political landscape of Madras. His efforts helped organize the Muslim community within the broader nationalist context.
In simple words: Yakub Hasan started the Madras branch of the Muslim League.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific individuals responsible for establishing regional branches of important national organizations.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(c) What was set up as a part of Non-cooperation movement?
Answer: As part of the Non-cooperation Movement, a Congress volunteer corps was set up. This group of volunteers was crucial for organizing and managing the movement's activities. They were responsible for various tasks, including maintaining discipline during protests.
In simple words: A Congress volunteer corps was created as part of the Non-cooperation Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the organizational structures or groups created as part of larger movements, as they indicate strategic planning.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(d) How did these volunteers assist?
Answer: These volunteers helped by handing out pamphlets, carrying flags during processions, and keeping order at meetings. They also played a role in picketing liquor shops. Their tasks were vital for the smooth running and impact of the non-cooperation activities. Their active participation made the movement visible and effective.
In simple words: Volunteers gave out papers, carried flags, kept order at meetings, and picketed liquor shops.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about assistance, provide concrete examples of tasks performed to illustrate their contribution effectively.

 

Question 4. No tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(a) Where did the No-tax campaigns take place?
Answer: The no-tax campaign took place in Thanjavur. This campaign involved people refusing to pay taxes to the British government as a form of non-violent protest. It was a direct challenge to British authority and revenue collection.
In simple words: The campaign where people refused to pay taxes happened in Thanjavur.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific locations of key protests are essential details for demonstrating a good grasp of historical events.

 

Question 4. No tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(b) How did the people show their protest?
Answer: People showed their protest by boycotting councils, schools, and courts. They also boycotted foreign goods. Additionally, many workers went on strikes all over the region. These actions disrupted daily life and British administration, showcasing widespread public discontent. It was a multifaceted approach to civil disobedience.
In simple words: People protested by avoiding councils, schools, courts, and foreign goods. Workers also went on strikes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide multiple examples of protest methods (boycotts, strikes) to demonstrate the varied nature of the resistance.

 

Question 4. No tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(c) What was one of the important aspects of the movement in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: One important part of the movement in Tamil Nadu was the 'Temperance Movement', which meant a movement against liquor (alcohol). This focused on social reform alongside political goals. It aimed to reduce the consumption of alcohol, which was often seen as a social ill and a source of British revenue.
In simple words: An important part of the movement in Tamil Nadu was the 'Temperance Movement' or the movement against alcohol.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize when social reform efforts were integrated into larger political movements, as this shows a nuanced understanding.

 

Question 4. No tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(d) What was the Act for which the communities agitated?
Answer: The communities protested against the Criminal Tribes Act. This Act unfairly labeled certain communities as criminals, and their agitation sought to challenge this discriminatory legislation. Their resistance aimed at securing justice and dignity. The protests sought to repeal these unjust laws.
In simple words: The communities protested against the Criminal Tribes Act.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific laws or policies that were the target of public agitation, as this demonstrates knowledge of the underlying issues.

VII. Answer In Detail

 

Question 1. Explain the contribution of Madras Mahajana Sabha.
Answer: The Madras Mahajana Sabha was founded by M. Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharlu, and P. Rangaiah. P. Rangaiah Naidu was chosen as its first president. The Sabha made many contributions to the nationalist movement:
1. It significantly helped the growth of national awareness.
2. The Sabha actively spoke out for the basic rights of Indian people.
3. It built a strong connection with the Indian National Congress after 1920.
4. In 1930, the Sabha organized the Salt Satyagraha Movement in Madras, covering areas like George Town, Esplanade, the high court, and the beach. Members were violently attacked by the British police during this movement. This direct confrontation highlighted the risks taken by activists.
5. When the British government banned the Congress party, the Madras Mahajana Sabha arranged many exhibitions and Swadeshi shows.
6. These exhibitions helped spark patriotic feelings among the people in the country. The Sabha acted as a precursor to more organized nationalist movements in South India.
In simple words: The Madras Mahajana Sabha, founded by M. Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharlu, and P. Rangaiah, greatly helped spread nationalism. It fought for Indian rights, worked with the Congress, organized the Salt Satyagraha in Madras (facing police attacks), and held exhibitions to encourage patriotism when the Congress was banned.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing contributions, include the founders, key activities, and the impact or significance of the organization's work.

 

Question 2. What were the scenario of Tamil Nadu during the Quit India movement?
Answer: During the Quit India Movement, on August 8, 1942, the Quit India Resolution was passed, and Mahatma Gandhi gave the famous slogan 'Do or Die'. The movement quickly spread across Tamil Nadu, and here's what happened:
1. K. Kamaraj worked secretly and organized people during the movement after giving the police the slip.
2. The movement was widespread throughout Tamil Nadu, showing deep public support.
3. All sections of society took part in the protests, making it a mass movement.
4. Many workers, including those in Buckingham and Carnatic Mills, Madras Port Trust, Madras Corporation, and Madras Tramway, went on strike, paralyzing industries.
5. Telegraph and telephone lines were cut, and public buildings in Vellore and Panapakkam were burnt down.
6. The airport in Sulur was attacked, and trains were derailed in Coimbatore, severely disrupting communication and transport.
7. Congress volunteers clashed with the military in Madurai.
8. There were police firings in places like Rajapalayam, Karaikudi, and Devakottai, leading to casualties.
9. Many young men and women joined the Indian National Army, demonstrating their commitment to the struggle.
10. Students from various colleges actively participated in protests, boycotting classes and joining demonstrations.
11. The British brutally suppressed the Quit India Movement with brute force, arresting thousands and using violence to quell the agitation. The widespread participation and the intensity of the British response highlight the significance of the movement in the region.
In simple words: During the Quit India Movement in Tamil Nadu, leaders like Kamaraj organized protests, and people from all walks of life participated. There were many strikes, attacks on public property like post offices and railway lines, and clashes with the military in Madurai. Police shootings happened, and the British suppressed the movement with great force.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed answers on movements, describe the overall situation, mention key leaders, specific actions by the public, and the government's response, using numbered points for clarity.

 

Question 3. Under what circumstances did E. V. R. leave the Congress? What was Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy? How did it lead E. V. R. to leave the Congress?
Answer:
(i) E. V. Ramaswamy (Periyar) played an active role in Tamil Nadu's freedom struggle. However, he became unhappy with the Congress because he felt it was only promoting the interests of Brahmins. This growing dissatisfaction eventually led to his departure.
(ii) The Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy was a key incident. To support national education, a gurukulam (traditional school) was set up in Cheranmadevi by V.V. Subramanianar, receiving funds from the Congress. However, caste discrimination was practiced, and students were made to dine separately based on their caste. This blatant inequality directly contradicted the principles of social justice. The gurukulam received financial support from the Congress, implicating the party in the discriminatory practices.
(iii) The issue was brought to E.V.R.'s attention in 1925. He strongly questioned and criticized this practice, along with another leader, Dr. P. Varadarajulu. They believed that such discrimination had no place in an institution promoting national education.
(iv) At the Kanchipuram Conference of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee on November 21, 1925, E.V.R. raised the demand for representation for non-Brahmins in the legislature. His attempts to achieve this since 1920 had faced continuous failure.
(v) When his resolution at the Kanchipuram Conference was defeated, E.V.R. left the conference with other non-Brahmin leaders who met separately. Soon after, he left the Congress completely and started the Self-Respect Movement. Thus, the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy and the opposition to communal representation within the Congress were the primary reasons that led E.V.R. to leave the party. This event marked a turning point in his political career and the social justice movement in Tamil Nadu.
In simple words: E.V.R. left the Congress because he felt it favored Brahmins. A big reason was the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy, where students faced caste discrimination, like eating separately. When E.V.R.'s demand for non-Brahmin representation in the legislature was rejected, he left the Congress and started the Self-Respect Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear narrative linking Periyar's overall dissatisfaction, the specific controversy (Cheranmadevi Gurukulam), and the political events (Kanchipuram Conference) that led to his departure from the Congress and the start of the Self-Respect Movement.

 

VIII. Activity

 

Question 1. Students can be asked to write a sentence or two about the important places of freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Many important places in Tamil Nadu played a big part in the freedom struggle. For instance, Madras was a key city where the Indian National Congress held its third session in 1887. In this session, Badruddin Tyabji was the president, and 362 members from Madras were among the 607 participants. This shows the early involvement of the region.
In simple words: Many places in Tamil Nadu, like Madras, were important in India's fight for freedom. Madras hosted a big meeting of the Indian National Congress very early on.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about historical events, always mention the key places, dates, and important figures involved to provide a complete picture.

 

Question 2. Role Play: Students can be divided into groups and asked to debate the -views of the Moderates, Extremists, Revolutionaries, Annie Besant's supporters, Justice Party, and British Government.
Answer: For this role-play, students can take on various roles to represent different groups during the freedom struggle. The characters could include:
1. British Government (represented by police forces and the Governor)
2. Revolutionaries (like Arbindo Gosh, Vanchinathan, and Bharathi, who often expressed ideas through songs)
3. Justice Party (represented by E.V.R. (Periyar))
4. Moderates (such as V.O.Chidambaranar, Subramaniya Siva, Rajaji, and Satyamurti)
5. Extremists (like Bipin Chandra Pal).
The class can be divided into three groups, with two students representing each character to prepare dialogues. Points for debate can cover events like the Swadeshi Movement, Anti-Hindi Agitation, Vedaranyam Salt March, Vaikom Satyagraha, Quit India Movement, and Non-Cooperation Movement, including specific issues like the Hindi language as compulsory in schools and temple entry. The teacher can assign these characters and topics.
In simple words: Students can act out roles like British officials, freedom fighters, and leaders from different groups to debate important events in India's fight for freedom. Each group will represent their characters' views on events like the Swadeshi Movement or the Salt March.

🎯 Exam Tip: In a debate, always understand your character's viewpoint thoroughly and use strong arguments based on historical facts to support it.

 

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu Additional Important Questions and Answers

 

I. Choose the correct statement

 

Question 1. Madras Native Association was formed in the year:
(a) 1825
(b) 1806
(c) 1852
(d) 1860
Answer: (c) 1852
In simple words: The Madras Native Association, an early group working for Indian rights, was started in the year 1852. It aimed to speak for the local people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember key dates for important organizations as they mark the beginning of significant movements.

 

Question 2. In 1908 Bharathiar organized a huge public meeting to celebrate
(a) Swaraj day
(b) Birthday
(c) Republic day
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Swaraj day
In simple words: In 1908, Bharathiar held a big public gathering to celebrate Swaraj Day, which means "Self-Rule Day." This event helped people feel more patriotic.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about specific events, know what was being celebrated or protested, as this indicates the movement's main goal.

 

Question 3. One of the prominent moderate who attended the meeting in Madras before the formation of Indian National Congress:
(a) Gokhale
(b) Bharathiyar
(c) Aurobindo Gosh
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer: (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
In simple words: Dadabhai Naoroji was a well-known moderate leader who attended a meeting in Madras even before the Indian National Congress was officially formed. He was a pioneer in early nationalist thought.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key figures in the early nationalist movement and their roles, especially those who were active before the major organizations were established.

 

Question 4. The person who is called Kappalotiya Tamizhan
(a) V.O.C
(b) Bharathiyar
(c) Gandhiji
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) V.O.C
In simple words: V.O.C. is known as "Kappalotiya Tamizhan," which means "the Tamilian who sailed ships," because he started the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company. This nickname highlights his role in encouraging local businesses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nicknames or titles given to historical figures often reflect their most significant contributions or achievements; always associate them correctly.

 

Question 5. The extremist leaders ... inspired many youths to join the Swadeshi movement in Madras.
(a) T. Muthuswami
(b) Nilakanta Brahmachari
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Mrs. Annie Besant
Answer: (c) Bipin Chandra Pal
In simple words: Bipin Chandra Pal, an extremist leader, played a big role in motivating many young people in Madras to join the Swadeshi movement. His powerful speeches encouraged local industries.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying leaders, distinguish between moderates, extremists, and revolutionaries, as their methods and inspirations differed significantly.

 

Question 6. Gandhi's 'Do or Die' slogan came during which movement?
(a) Non-cooperation Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Khilafat Movement
Answer: (b) Quit India Movement
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi gave the famous 'Do or Die' slogan during the Quit India Movement, urging Indians to act decisively for independence. This powerful phrase encouraged people to make a final effort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect iconic slogans to the specific movements they originated from, as this helps in understanding the context and intensity of the struggle.

 

Question 7. ... championed the cause of 'Criminal Tribes' of Tamil Nadu.
(a) Yakub Hasan
(b) V.V.Somayajulu
(c) George Joseph
(d) Maulana Shaukat Ali
Answer: (c) George Joseph
In simple words: George Joseph was a strong supporter for the rights of the 'Criminal Tribes' in Tamil Nadu. He worked to help these groups against unfair laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of social reform movements and the individuals who championed specific causes, as these often run alongside the broader freedom struggle.

 

Question 8. The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was launched at ............
(a) Colombo
(b) Madras
(c) Tuticorin
(d) Thoothukudi
Answer: (d) Thoothukudi
In simple words: The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, which was started to promote Indian businesses, was launched from Thoothukudi. This port city was important for trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the geographical locations associated with key events or organizations helps in visualizing and understanding historical contexts.

 

Question 9. ... was one of the epicenter of Khilafat agitation.
(a) Chennai
(b) Vaniyambadi
(c) Arakkonam
(d) Coimbatore
Answer: (b) Vaniyambadi
In simple words: Vaniyambadi was a very important center for the Khilafat agitation, a movement that aimed to support the Ottoman Caliph. This town played a significant role in gathering support.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the main centers of movements, as these locations often reveal where public support was strongest and activities were most concentrated.

 

Question 10. Who gave the slogan "A war is ahead sans sword, sans bloodshed..."?
(a) T. Prakasham
(b) Namakkal V Ramalingam
(c) N. M. R. Subbaraman
(d) K. Kamraj
Answer: (b) Namakkal V Ramalingam
In simple words: The powerful slogan "A war is ahead without swords, without bloodshed..." was given by Namakkal V Ramalingam. This slogan promoted peaceful resistance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link important quotes and slogans to their authors, as they often capture the essence of a leader's philosophy or a movement's approach.

 

Question 11. ... arrived in Madras on 18th February 1929 greeted with hartals, demonstrations etc.
(a) Torture commission
(b) Cripps mission
(c) Simon commission
(d) Prince of Wales
Answer: (c) Simon commission
In simple words: The Simon Commission arrived in Madras on 18th February 1929, and people showed their anger with protests and general strikes (hartals). This commission was boycotted because it had no Indian members.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the historical commissions and their reception by the Indian public, especially those that sparked widespread protests due to lack of Indian representation.

 

Question 12. In the elections held in ... the Swarajists won the majority seats in Madras.
(a) 1924
(b) 1926
(c) 1927
(d) 1906
Answer: (b) 1926
In simple words: In the elections held in 1926, the Swarajists managed to win most of the seats in Madras. This victory showed their growing political influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on election years and the parties that gained power, as this highlights shifts in political dominance and public opinion.

 

Question 13. At Vedaranyam ... broke the salt law by picking up salt along with 12 volunteers.
(a) T. Prakasam
(b) K. Nageswara Rao
(c) K. Kamaraj
(d) C. Rajaji
Answer: (d) C. Rajaji
In simple words: C. Rajaji led a group of 12 volunteers at Vedaranyam and broke the salt law by picking up salt. This act was a key part of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand who led significant marches and movements, as well as the specific actions taken, such as breaking the salt law.

 

Question 14. E.V.R. left the congress and started the ... movement.
(a) Swadeshi
(b) Quit India
(c) Self Respect
(d) Civil Disobedience
Answer: (c) Self Respect
In simple words: E.V.R. left the Congress party and then started the Self-Respect Movement. This movement aimed to promote social equality and dignity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the reasons why key leaders left political parties and the alternative movements they initiated, as this shows ideological differences and new paths for social change.

 

Question 15. In Tamil Nadu ... were led by S. Srinivasanar and S.Satyamurthi.
(a) Swarajists
(b) Satyagrahis
(c) Mill workers
(d) Zamindars
Answer: (a) Swarajists
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, the Swarajists were led by S. Srinivasanar and S. Satyamurthi. This group aimed to enter legislative councils and disrupt British rule from within.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the leaders associated with different political factions or movements, as they often defined the direction and strategies of their groups.

 

II. Fill in the blanks

 

Question II.1. ............ contributed much to the development of education and amelioration of the depressed classes.
Answer: Christian Missionaries
In simple words: Christian Missionaries played a large role in improving education and helping disadvantaged groups. Their efforts brought many new schools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the social contributions of various groups, like missionaries, in areas such as education and social welfare during colonial times.

 

Question II.2. Introduction, of ............ helped the educated Indian middle class to fought against colonial rule.
Answer: Western Education
In simple words: Western education helped educated Indians from the middle class fight against foreign rule. It gave them new ideas and ways to think critically.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how colonial policies, such as introducing Western education, sometimes unintentionally empowered local populations to challenge foreign rule.

 

Question II.3. Social disability hindered the society imposed by obnoxious ............
Answer: Caste, system
In simple words: Society faced many problems due to social disabilities caused by the unfair caste system. This system created deep divisions among people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize how social issues, like the caste system, were major challenges within Indian society and often became targets for reform alongside the freedom struggle.

 

Question II.4. Madras Native Association was ceased to exist by ............
Answer: 1862
In simple words: The Madras Native Association, one of the first Indian political organizations, stopped existing by the year 1862. New groups later took its place.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the lifespan of early political organizations to understand the evolution of nationalist movements and the emergence of new leadership.

 

Question II.5. The newspaper ............ was started in 1878 became the vehicle of nationalist propaganda.
Answer: The Hindu
In simple words: The newspaper called 'The Hindu' started in 1878 and quickly became important for spreading ideas about Indian nationalism. It was a key tool for sharing news and opinions.

🎯 Exam Tip: The role of newspapers and media in spreading nationalist ideas is crucial; identify specific publications and their impact.

 

Question II.6. Swadesamitran periodical became daily newspaper in ............
Answer: 1899
In simple words: The Swadesamitran periodical started being published daily in the year 1899. This showed its growing importance in local news.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates for significant media developments show the growing reach and influence of nationalist communication.

 

Question II.7. Many of the demands of Madras Mahajana sabha were adopted later by the ............
Answer: Indian National Congress
In simple words: The Indian National Congress later took up many of the demands that the Madras Mahajana Sabha had made earlier. This showed how early regional groups influenced larger national bodies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the relationship between regional associations and national political parties, noting how initial demands were often integrated into broader movements.

 

Question II.8. The early nationalists believed in ............ methods.
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: The first nationalists had their own ways of working for freedom, but the source does not mention what these methods were. They often used petitions and peaceful protests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always note if an answer is not provided in the source to avoid inventing information. However, you can add general contextual information if it doesn't contradict the missing answer.

 

Question II.9. The early nationalists were came to be knowrr as ............
Answer: Moderates
In simple words: The first nationalists became known as Moderates. They used calm and peaceful ways to ask for changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different factions within the nationalist movement, such as Moderates, Extremists, and Revolutionaries, by their titles and methods.

 

Question II.10. Out of a total of 72 delegates who attended the first session of Indian National Congress ............ members were from Madras.
Answer: 22
In simple words: From the 72 people who went to the first meeting of the Indian National Congress, 22 of them were from Madras. This shows Madras had good representation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers or statistics often highlight the level of participation and representation from different regions in historical events.

 

Question II.11. ............ through his writings advanced the cause of Nationalism.
Answer: G. Subramaniam
In simple words: G. Subramaniam helped promote nationalism through his writings. He used his words to inspire people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the role of journalists and writers in shaping public opinion and spreading nationalist ideologies.

 

Question II.12. ............ was previously called as 'Makkis Garden' where the third session of Indian National congress was held.
Answer: Thousand lights
In simple words: The place known as Thousand Lights was earlier called 'Makkis Garden,' and it was where the third big meeting of the Indian National Congress happened. This location holds historical significance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect historical names of places with their modern names or significant events held there, as this helps with contextual understanding.

 

Question II.14. V.O.Chidambaranar launched ............ in pursuance of Swadeshi at Thoothukudi.
Answer: Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company
In simple words: V.O.Chidambaranar started the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in Thoothukudi as part of the Swadeshi movement. This aimed to support Indian businesses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the practical initiatives taken during nationalist movements, such as establishing indigenous industries or services, to promote self-reliance.

 

Question II.15. The Swadeshi ships plied between ............
Answer: Thoothukudi and Colombo
In simple words: The Swadeshi ships sailed regularly between Thoothukudi and Colombo. This route helped connect India with Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the routes or areas of operation for key nationalist enterprises, as this illustrates their economic and geographical reach.

 

Question II.16. ............ and ............ were the name of the two ships purchased by V.O.Chidambaranar.
Answer: Gallia, Lavo
In simple words: V.O.Chidambaranar bought two ships named Gallia and Lavo. These ships were crucial for his Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific details, like the names of ships, can be important for demonstrating a thorough knowledge of an event.

 

Question II.17. V.O.C was treated harshly in prison and was made to pull the ............
Answer: heavy oil press
In simple words: V.O.C. faced very harsh treatment in prison and was forced to operate a heavy oil press. This was a form of severe punishment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the personal sacrifices and hardships faced by freedom fighters, as these stories often highlight the severity of colonial rule.

 

Question II.18. To avoid imprisonment Subramanya Bharati moved to ............
Answer: Pondicherry
In simple words: To escape being arrested, Subramanya Bharati moved to Pondicherry. Pondicherry was a French territory, offering him a safe place from British laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note instances where freedom fighters sought refuge in foreign-controlled territories within India to continue their activities without immediate British interference.

 

Question II.19. Revolutionaries in Tamil Nadu were trained in revolutionary activities at ............
Answer: India House in London and in Paris
In simple words: Revolutionaries from Tamil Nadu received training for their activities at places like India House in London and also in Paris. These locations were centers for anti-British movements abroad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the international connections of Indian revolutionaries and how they used foreign soil as bases for training and organizing.

 

Question II.20. Revolutionary radical papers and Bharati's poems were banned as ............
Answer: Seditious Literature
In simple words: Revolutionary writings and poems by Bharathi were banned because they were considered "seditious literature," meaning they encouraged rebellion against the government. The British wanted to stop these messages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that colonial governments often used censorship and bans on literature to suppress nationalist sentiments and control public discourse.

 

Question II.21. Revolutionary activities continued till the out break of ............
Answer: First World War
In simple words: Revolutionary activities in India continued strongly until the start of the First World War. The war brought changes in political focus.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how global events, like world wars, influenced the timeline and intensity of India's freedom struggle, sometimes creating new opportunities or challenges.

 

Question II.22. The revolutionary activities were intensified with arrival ............ in 1910.
Answer: Aurobindo Ghosh, V.V.Subramanianar
In simple words: Revolutionary activities grew stronger with the arrival of leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh and V.V. Subramanianar in 1910. Their presence sparked more intense actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key individuals often play a pivotal role in accelerating or shaping movements; identify leaders associated with specific phases of revolutionary activity.

 

Question II.23. ............ of senkottai was influenced by the Bharata Matha society.
Answer: Vanchinathan
In simple words: Vanchinathan from Senkottai was greatly inspired by the Bharata Matha Society. This society aimed to instill patriotic values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect individuals with the organizations or ideologies that influenced them, as this reveals the intellectual currents shaping their actions.

 

Question II.24. ............ failed to inspire and mobilize the people despite their patriotism.
Answer: Young revolutionaries
In simple words: Despite their strong love for their country, the young revolutionaries could not fully inspire and gather people. This shows that gaining mass support was difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the limitations of movements, even patriotic ones, in mobilizing mass support without broader appeal or organizational strength.

 

Question II.25. The objective of the Bharata Matha Society was to kindle the ............ fewer among the people by killing British officials.
Answer: Patriotic
In simple words: The Bharata Matha Society wanted to awaken patriotic feelings among people, especially by targeting British officials through acts of violence. Their goal was to inspire fear in the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific aims and methods of revolutionary groups, which sometimes included violent actions against colonial authorities to spark a wider rebellion.

 

Question II.26. At ............ the collector of Tirunelveli Robert W.D'E. Ashe was shot dead.
Answer: Maniyachi junction
In simple words: Robert W.D'E. Ashe, the collector of Tirunelveli, was shot dead at Maniyachi junction. This assassination was a major revolutionary act.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific locations of key events, especially violent acts, are important for understanding the immediate context and impact of revolutionary activities.

 

Question II.27. Mrs. Annie Besant started the newspapers ............ and ............ to carry forward her agenda of Home rule movement.
Answer: India and Commonweal
In simple words: Annie Besant started two newspapers, "India" and "Commonweal," to promote her Home Rule movement. These papers were used to spread her ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Media outlets founded by prominent leaders are often central to their political campaigns; remember their names and purpose.

 

Question II.28. Under ............ Annie Besant was asked to pay hefty amount as security.
Answer: Press Act of 1910
In simple words: Annie Besant was required to pay a large sum of money as security under the Press Act of 1910. This act aimed to control what was published.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key legislative acts, like the Press Act, were often used by the colonial government to restrict freedom of speech and suppress dissent.

 

Question II.29. ............ was elected as the president of the congress session of 1917.
Answer: Annie Besant
In simple words: Annie Besant was chosen as the president for the 1917 session of the Congress. This was a significant moment for women in politics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall who presided over important sessions of the Indian National Congress, as this indicates their leadership and influence at the time.

 

Question II.30. The differences between the two Non-Brahmin leaders ............ and ............ was solved by CNatesanar.
Answer: Dr. T.M.Nair, and P.Thyagarayar
In simple words: The disagreements between the two Non-Brahmin leaders, Dr. T.M. Nair and P. Thyagarayar, were resolved by C. Natesanar. This helped unite the non-Brahmin movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify peacemakers or mediators in internal conflicts within movements, as they often play a crucial role in maintaining unity and progress.

 

Question II.31. The ............ demanded communal representation.
Answer: Justice party
In simple words: The Justice Party asked for communal representation, meaning they wanted seats reserved for specific communities. This was a key demand to ensure fair representation for non-Brahmins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the demands of different political parties, especially concerning representation, as these often reflect the social and political inequalities of the time.

 

Question II.32. The ............ provided reservation of seats to Non-Brahmins.
Answer: Act of 1919
In simple words: The Act of 1919 introduced reservations for non-Brahmins in government jobs and legislative bodies. This was a significant step towards addressing their grievances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific legislative acts with their provisions, particularly those related to social reforms like reservations or electoral changes.

 

Question II.33. After the 1923 elections ............ of the Justice party formed the ministry.
Answer: Raja of Panagal
In simple words: After the elections in 1923, Raja of Panagal from the Justice Party formed the government. This marked a period of Justice Party rule in Madras Presidency.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key individuals who became leaders or formed ministries after elections, as this signifies their political rise and impact.

 

Question II.34. The staff selection Board established by the Justice party later became the ............
Answer: Public Service Commission
In simple words: The staff selection board created by the Justice Party later turned into the Public Service Commission. This body was important for recruiting government employees.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the institutional changes brought about by different political parties, especially those that created enduring administrative bodies like the Public Service Commission.

 

Question II.35. The Rowlat Act was named after ............ who headed the committee.
Answer: Sir Sydney Rowlatt
In simple words: The Rowlatt Act got its name from Sir Sydney Rowlatt, who was in charge of the committee that proposed it. This act was deeply unpopular in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect important acts with the individuals who chaired the committees responsible for their formulation, as this helps recall their origins.

 

Question II.36. On 18 march 1919 ............ addressed a meeting on marina beach to protest against Rowlet Act.
Answer: Gandhi
In simple words: On March 18, 1919, Mahatma Gandhi spoke at a meeting on Marina Beach to protest against the Rowlatt Act. His speech rallied people against the unjust law.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember who delivered key speeches at significant protests, as their presence often indicates the importance and impact of the event.

 

Question II.37. To further the cause of national education a gurukulam was started at ............
Answer: Cheranmadevi
In simple words: A gurukulam was set up in Cheranmadevi to promote national education. This school aimed to provide education based on Indian values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the efforts made to establish alternative educational institutions during the nationalist movement, focusing on their locations and objectives.

 

Question II.38. When Rajaji formed the ministry in 1937 the status of James Neill finally moved to ............
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: When Rajaji formed his government in 1937, the statue of James Neill was eventually moved, though the specific location is not mentioned. This was a symbolic removal of colonial symbols.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note symbolic acts, like the removal of colonial statues, which often represented the assertion of national identity and the rejection of foreign dominance.

 

Question II.39. For the salt march to Vedaranyam led by C.Rajaji a special song was composed by ............
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: A special song was created for the Vedaranyam Salt March, which was led by C. Rajaji. Such songs often boosted morale and spread the message of the movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cultural contributions, such as patriotic songs, played a significant role in inspiring participants during freedom struggles; note their creation and purpose.

 

Question II.40. ............ was the forst woman to pay penalty for violation of salt laws.
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: The first woman to be fined for breaking the salt laws showed great courage. Her action inspired many other women to join the movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify significant "firsts" or pioneering roles played by individuals, especially women, in key nationalist movements, as this highlights their breaking of social barriers.

 

Question II.41. ............ fell dead holding the national flag in a procession organised under Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: During a Civil Disobedience procession, a person died while holding the national flag. This act of sacrifice became a powerful symbol for the movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Acts of martyrdom, particularly those involving national symbols, often become rallying points and sources of inspiration for a movement.

 

Question II.42. Tirupur Kumaran was hailed as ............
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: Tirupur Kumaran is remembered with great respect for his bravery, even though the specific title given to him is not mentioned. He is a symbol of sacrifice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the significant contributions and sacrifices of individuals, even if specific honorary titles are not immediately recalled, and relate them to the overall movement.

 

Question II.43. The ............ was trounced in 1937 elections to the Madras province.
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: In the 1937 elections for the Madras province, one political party suffered a major defeat. This election marked a change in political power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Electoral outcomes, especially significant defeats or victories, indicate shifts in public support and political alignments.

 

Question II.44. ............ Act was passed in 1939 for the removal of the civil and social disabilities against the 'depressed classes'.
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: An act was passed in 1939 to remove social and civil barriers faced by the 'depressed classes.' This law aimed to bring more equality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how legislation addressed social inequalities and aimed to uplift marginalized communities during the reform periods.

 

Question II.45. The Governor of Madras who took over the administration removed ............ as compulsory subject after the resignation of the congress ministry.
Answer: [Answer not provided in source]
In simple words: After the Congress government resigned, the Governor of Madras removed a subject that was compulsory. This change showed how political decisions affected education policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the impact of political changes, like ministerial resignations, on policy decisions, particularly in areas like education or language.

 

III. Choose the correct statement

 

Question 1.
(i) Madras Native Association was founded in 1852.
(ii) Tamil nationalist periodical Swadesamitran was started in 1891.
(iii) The Madras Mahajana Sabha demanded conduct of civil services examinations only in India
(iv) V.S. Srinivasanar was an extremist.
(a) (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i) and (iii) are correct
Answer: (a) (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct
In simple words: Statements (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct. The Madras Native Association was indeed formed in 1852, the Swadesamitran periodical began in 1891, and the Madras Mahajana Sabha asked for civil service exams to be held only in India. These facts show early nationalist efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating multiple statements, carefully verify each piece of information, especially dates and demands of organizations, to select the fully correct combination.

 

Question 2.
(i) The educated middle class did not show interest in public affairs.
(ii) The appointment of first Indian Judge to the Madras High court was Criticized by the press.
(iii) The primary contribution of the moderates lies in exposing the liberal claims of the British.
(iv) Boycott of foreign goods was not propagated by the congress.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: Statements (ii) and (iii) are correct. The press criticized the first Indian judge's appointment to the Madras High Court, and Moderates mainly worked to show how the British were not truly liberal. This helped people see the flaws in British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the actions and criticisms of various groups, like the press and moderates, to understand their specific contributions to the nationalist discourse.

 

Question 3.
(i) In 1908 V.O.C led a strike in the European owned Coral Mills.
(ii) V.O.C was given a draconian sentence of two life imprisonments.
(iii) Students and youths did not participated in the Swadeshi Movement.
(iv) Extremists and revolutionaries were not suppressed by the British with an iron hand.
(a) (i) and (iii) are correct
(b) (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(d) (i) and (ii) are correct
Answer: (d) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: Statements (i) and (ii) are correct. V.O.C. led a strike at the European-owned Coral Mills in 1908, and he received a very harsh sentence of two life imprisonments. These actions highlight his significant activism and the severe consequences he faced.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the direct actions of key figures and the immediate repercussions they faced from the colonial administration, such as strikes and severe sentences.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): When the National movement was in ebb, Annie Besant proposed the Home Rule Movement. Reason (R): Home Rule Demanded a nominal allegience to British crown.
(a) A is correct but R is wrong
(b) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion well. Annie Besant started the Home Rule Movement when nationalist feelings were low, and this movement asked for self-rule under the British Crown. This demand sought greater autonomy within the empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then determine if the reason directly explains the assertion.

 

IV. Match the Following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (iv)
B. (v)
C. (ii)
D. (iii)
E. (i)
In simple words: This question matches key figures and places from the freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu with their related events or roles. Knowing these connections helps in understanding the historical context.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, always look for direct associations like an individual's title, a movement's location, or a person's key action. Cross-referencing known facts is crucial.

 

Question 2. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (ii)
B. (v)
C. (iv)
D. (i)
E. (iii)
In simple words: This match helps connect important figures and organizations from the freedom movement with their specific roles or causes in Tamil Nadu. Understanding these roles helps in remembering historical contributions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on unique identifiers for each person or organization. For example, Periyar is strongly associated with the Anti-Hindi agitation, making it an easy match.

 

Question 3. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (v)
B. (iv)
C. (iii)
D. (i)
E. (ii)
In simple words: This section links various newspapers and literary works with their founders or main themes. These publications played a big role in spreading nationalist ideas and supporting different movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching publications, remember to associate them with their founders or key contributors to make correct connections.

 

V. Answer the Question Briefly

 

Question 1. What do you know about Tirupur Kumaram?
Answer:
- Tirupur Kumaran was born in Chennimalai, Erode district, Tamil Nadu. - He was a strong revolutionary who fought for freedom. - He took part in a march against the ban on the national flag and died from injuries caused by a police attack. - Kumaran passed away while holding the flag of the Indian Nationalists. His bravery inspired many. - He is honored as a martyr in Tamil Nadu and is known by the special name "Kodi Kaththa Kumaran."
In simple words: Tirupur Kumaran was a freedom fighter from Tamil Nadu who died holding the national flag during a protest. He is remembered as a martyr.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a historical figure, include their birthplace, key actions, and any special titles or recognition they received.

 

Question 2. Name the Newspapers and journals started by Indians to express the Indian perspective.
Answer: To share the Indian point of view, several newspapers were started. These included "The Hindu," "Swadesamitran," "Indian Patriot," "South Indian Mail," "Madras Standard," "Vijaya," "Suryodayam," and "Desabhimani." These papers became important tools for spreading nationalist messages.
In simple words: Many newspapers like "The Hindu" and "Swadesamitran" were started by Indians to share their views and spread nationalist ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing specific names of publications is important. Remember that these newspapers were crucial for political communication during the freedom struggle.

 

Question 3. Give an account on Vanchinathan's role in the struggle for freedom.
Answer:
1. Vanchinathan was working for the Travancore state government. 2. The actions of the extremist groups caused great concern among the British. 3. The collector Ashe had shot and killed four extremists in Tirunelveli. This made revolutionaries very angry. 4. Because of this, Vanchinathan wanted to take revenge against the collector. 5. He went to Maniyachi Railway Station and shot Collector Ashe on June 17, 1911, then he took his own life.
In simple words: Vanchinathan played a revolutionary role by shooting British Collector Ashe in 1911 and then committing suicide, as an act of revenge for the killing of extremists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the cause and effect: the collector's actions, Vanchinathan's motivation, and the specific impactful event he carried out.

 

Question 4. Name of the books written by Annie Besant.
Answer: Annie Besant wrote two important books: 1. "How India Wrought for Freedom" 2. "India" - A Nation and a Pamphlet on Self-Government. These writings helped explain her vision for India.
In simple words: Annie Besant wrote two books: "How India Wrought for Freedom" and "India - A Nation and a Pamphlet on Self-Government."

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for specific works, list the titles accurately. These books helped shape the discourse on Indian independence.

 

Question 5. Give an account on V.O.C role in the struggle for freedom.
Answer:
- In 1907, V.O.C. attended the Congress sessions held at Surat. This marked his entry into national politics. - He followed the teachings of the militant leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and shared his philosophy with others. - He was accused of sedition and sentenced to forty years in prison, which showed the harshness of British rule.
In simple words: V.O.C. was a key figure who followed Bal Gangadhar Tilak's ideas and was imprisoned for his role in the freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize V.O.C.'s early involvement, his political mentor, and the severe punishment he received, as these highlight his significant role.

 

Question 6. Write a short note on south Indian Liberal Federation (SILF).
Answer: The Non-Brahmins organized themselves into a political group to protect their interests. On November 20, a meeting of about thirty Non-Brahmins took place. It was led by Dr. T.M. Nair, P. Thiyagarayar, and C. Natesanar at Victoria Public Hall in Chennai. The South Indian Liberal Federation (SILF) was created to promote the interests of Non-Brahmins. It later became known as the 'Justice Party.' This party aimed to address social inequalities.
In simple words: The South Indian Liberal Federation (SILF), later called the Justice Party, was formed by Non-Brahmins to protect their interests and address social inequalities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include the founding members, the purpose (protecting Non-Brahmin interests), and the later name (Justice Party) for a complete note.

 

Question 7. How was the freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu unique?
Answer: The freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu was special because from the start, it was not just about gaining independence from British rule. It was also a fight for freedom from the social problems caused by the unfair caste system. This dual struggle made Tamil Nadu's movement unique, as it combined political independence with social reform.
In simple words: The freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu was unique because it fought for both independence from the British and freedom from the unfair caste system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the "dual nature" of the struggle (political independence and social reform) as the key unique selling point for this answer.

 

Question 8. When and where the meeting Rowlatt Sathyagraha held? Who addressed it?
Answer: A meeting for the Rowlatt Satyagraha was held on March 18, 1919, at Marina Beach. Mahatma Gandhi addressed this meeting, urging people to peacefully protest the Rowlatt Act. Later, the Madras Satyagraha Sabha was formed to continue the movement.
In simple words: The Rowlatt Satyagraha meeting was held on March 18, 1919, at Marina Beach and was addressed by Mahatma Gandhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the date, location, and the key speaker (Gandhi) for events like the Rowlatt Satyagraha meeting.

 

Question 9. Throw light on the beginning of the nationalist press in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: People realized that newspapers were essential to share the Indian perspective. In 1878, G. Subramaniam, M. Veeraraghavachari, and four other friends started "The Hindu" newspaper. It soon became a way to spread nationalist ideas. G. Subramaniam also began a Tamil nationalist newspaper called "Swadesamitran" in 1891, which became a daily by 1899. The creation of "The Hindu" and "Swadesamitran" encouraged the launch of other local newspapers like "Indian Patriot," "South Indian Mail," "Madras Standard," "Desabhimani," "Vijaya," "Suryodayam," and "India." These publications were vital for public awareness.
In simple words: Nationalist newspapers like "The Hindu" (1878) and "Swadesamitran" (1891) were started in Tamil Nadu by G. Subramaniam and others to spread Indian views and nationalist ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the names of key newspapers and their founders, along with the years, will earn full marks. Emphasize their role in propaganda.

 

Question 10. Describe briefly the Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Tamil Nadu was very active during the Non-cooperation Movement, led by C. Rajagopalachari and E. V. Ramaswamy. Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan of the Madras branch of the Muslim League. As a result, Hindus and Muslims worked together closely during the movement in Tamil Nadu. A Congress volunteer group of about 1000 members was formed to hand out pamphlets, carry flags in processions, and keep order in meetings.
In simple words: The Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu was active, led by C. Rajagopalachari and E. V. Ramaswamy, with strong Hindu-Muslim cooperation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the leaders (Rajaji, EVR), the significant Hindu-Muslim unity, and the active role of volunteers in the movement in Tamil Nadu.

 

VI. Answer All the Questions Given Under Each Caption

 

Question 1. Salt March to Vedaranyam
(a) What was in forefront of the civil disobedience movement in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: Demonstrations, hartals (strikes), and plays about Swadeshi were very common in both rural and urban areas of Tamil Nadu. These activities were a major part of the Civil Disobedience Movement, helping to rally public support.
In simple words: Public protests, strikes, and Swadeshi-themed dramas were very important in Tamil Nadu during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing what was "in the forefront," focus on the visible and popular forms of protest that engaged the public.

 

Question 1. Salt March to Vedaranyam
(b) How was the movement in Madras city?
Answer: In Madras city, as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement, shops were picketed, and foreign goods were boycotted. This economic protest aimed to hurt British trade and show Indian resolve.
In simple words: In Madras, shops were picketed and foreign goods were boycotted during the movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: For urban areas like Madras, emphasize boycotts and picketing as common forms of protest during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

 

Question 1. Salt March to Vedaranyam
(c) Who organised and led the Salt Satyagraha March to Vedaranyam?
Answer: C. Rajagopalachari, popularly known as Rajaji, organized and led the Salt Satyagraha March to Vedaranyam. His leadership was crucial for the success of this protest.
In simple words: Rajaji organized and led the Salt Satyagraha March to Vedaranyam.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the name of the leader for specific marches. Rajaji is the key figure associated with the Vedaranyam Salt March.

 

Question 1. Salt March to Vedaranyam
(d) From where and when does the march started and reached Vedaranyam?
Answer: The march began from Trichirapalli on April 13, 1930. It reached Vedaranyam in Tanjore district on April 28, 1930. This journey covered a significant distance, demonstrating the dedication of the participants.
In simple words: The march started from Trichirapalli on April 13, 1930, and reached Vedaranyam on April 28, 1930.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide both the start and end locations, along with the correct dates, to answer completely.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(a) What were the views of 'No-changers' and 'pro-changers' in the context of the Swarajists-Justice Party rivalry?
Answer: The 'No-changers' wanted to continue boycotting the councils and elections, sticking to Gandhi's original non-cooperation plan. On the other hand, 'pro-changers' wanted to take part in the elections for the councils, believing they could fight for freedom from within the system. This difference in approach created a split in the movement.
In simple words: 'No-changers' wanted to boycott councils, while 'pro-changers' wanted to participate in elections to work from inside the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the two groups by their core strategy: boycott (No-changers) versus electoral participation (pro-changers).

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(b) What did Rajaji oppose? Name two persons who supported him.
Answer: Rajaji opposed the idea of entering the councils. The two people who supported his view were Kasturi Ranga Iyengar and M. A. Ansari. These leaders believed in maintaining the boycott of legislative bodies.
In simple words: Rajaji opposed council entry, and was supported by Kasturi Ranga Iyengar and M. A. Ansari.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about opposition, state what was opposed and list the names of key supporters accurately.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(c) Who formed Swaraj Party?
Answer: Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru together formed the Swaraj Party. This party aimed to enter the legislative councils and obstruct British administration from within.
In simple words: Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru together formed the Swaraj Party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two key founders of the Swaraj Party. Their formation was a direct response to the "No-changer" stance.

 

Question 2. Swarajists-Justicites Rivalry
(d) Who led the Swarajists in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: S. Srinivasa Iyengar and S. Satyamurthi led the Swarajists in Tamil Nadu. They played an important role in promoting the party's agenda in the region.
In simple words: S. Srinivasa Iyengar and S. Satyamurthi led the Swarajists in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the prominent regional leaders for movements. For Swarajists in Tamil Nadu, Srinivasa Iyengar and Satyamurthi are the main names.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(a) Name the leaders provided leadership during non-cooperation movement in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: E.V. Ramaswamy (Periyar) and C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) were the main leaders who provided leadership for the non-cooperation movement in Tamil Nadu. Their combined efforts made the movement strong in the region.
In simple words: E.V. Ramaswamy (Periyar) and C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) led the Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately naming the leaders is vital. For the Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu, Periyar and Rajaji are the key figures.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(b) Who was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League?
Answer: Yakub Hasan was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League. He played a significant role in organizing Muslim political activity in the region.
In simple words: Yakub Hasan founded the Madras branch of the Muslim League.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct questions about founders require a precise name. Yakub Hasan is the correct answer here.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(c) What was set up as a part of Non-cooperation movement?
Answer: A Congress volunteer corps was set up as part of the Non-cooperation Movement. These volunteers were essential for carrying out various activities and maintaining order.
In simple words: A Congress volunteer corps was established as part of the Non-cooperation Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the organizational aspects of the movement. The formation of volunteer groups was a common strategy.

 

Question 3. Non-cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu
(d) How did these volunteers assist?
Answer: These volunteer groups helped by distributing pamphlets, carrying flags during processions, and keeping order in the meetings. They also participated in picketing liquor shops, which was a significant part of the movement's social reform agenda.
In simple words: Volunteers distributed pamphlets, carried flags, managed meetings, and picketed liquor shops.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the specific activities of the volunteers, as this shows a detailed understanding of their role in the movement.

 

Question 4. No Tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(a) Where did the No-tax campaigns take place?
Answer: A no-tax campaign took place in Thanjavur. This region was a key site for resistance against British tax policies.
In simple words: The no-tax campaigns happened in Thanjavur.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific locations for campaigns. Thanjavur is the correct answer for the no-tax campaign.

 

Question 4. No Tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(b) How did the people show their protest?
Answer: People showed their protest by boycotting councils, schools, and courts. They also boycotted foreign goods. Additionally, a large number of workers went on strikes all over the region, demonstrating widespread disapproval.
In simple words: People protested by boycotting British institutions, foreign goods, and by going on strikes.

🎯 Exam Tip: List multiple methods of protest (boycotts, strikes) to show a comprehensive understanding of the civil disobedience tactics used.

 

Question 4. No Tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(c) What was one of the important aspects of the movement in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: One important part of the movement in Tamil Nadu was the 'Temperance Movement,' which was a campaign against liquor. This social reform initiative aimed to address issues related to alcohol consumption, linking social welfare with political action.
In simple words: A key part of the movement in Tamil Nadu was the 'Temperance Movement' against liquor.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for "important aspects," identify a specific, well-known sub-movement or cause, such as the Temperance Movement.

 

Question 4. No Tax - Campaigns and Temperance Movement
(d) What was the Act for which the communities agitated?
Answer: The communities protested against the Criminal Tribes Act. This act was seen as discriminatory and was a major source of injustice for certain groups of people. Many communities struggled against this unfair law.
In simple words: Communities protested against the Criminal Tribes Act.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately name the specific act that caused agitation. The Criminal Tribes Act is the correct answer for this context.

 

VII. Answer In Detail

 

Question 1. Explain the contribution of Madras Mahajana Sabha.
Answer: The Madras Mahajana Sabha was founded by M. Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharlu, and P. Rangaiah. P. Rangaiah Naidu was chosen as its first president. This organization made many important contributions to the national movement. It gave a voice to the basic rights of people in our country. It also developed a very close connection with the Indian National Congress after 1920, showing a united front. In 1930, the Sabha organized the Salt Satyagraha Movement in Madras, specifically in George Town, Esplanade, and beach areas. Members were attacked by the British police for this. When the British government banned the Congress party, the Madras Mahajana Sabha held many exhibitions and Swadeshi exhibitions. These events inspired patriotic feelings in the hearts of the people, making them more determined to fight for freedom.
In simple words: The Madras Mahajana Sabha, founded by M. Veeraraghavachari and others, played a key role in raising demands for rights, cooperating with Congress, and organizing events like the Salt Satyagraha, fostering patriotism in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed answers, include its founders, early leadership, key activities (like the Salt Satyagraha and exhibitions), and its impact on fostering nationalism.

 

Question 2. What were the scenario of Tamil Nadu during the Quit India movement?
Answer: During the Quit India Movement, the Quit India Resolution was passed on August 8, 1942, and Gandhi gave the slogan 'Do or Die.' The movement was very active in Tamil Nadu. K. Kamaraj worked secretly and organized people throughout the movement. The movement was widespread across Tamil Nadu, with all parts of society taking part. Many workers went on strike, including those in Buckingham and Carnatic Mills, Madras Port Trust, Madras Corporation, and Madras Tramway. Telegraph and telephone lines were cut, and public buildings in Vellore and Panapakkam were burned. The airport in Sulur was attacked, and trains were derailed in Coimbatore. Congress volunteers clashed with the military in Madurai. Police opened fire in Rajapalayam, Karaikudi, and Devakottai. Many young men and women joined the Indian National Army, and college students actively participated in protests. Despite strong suppression by the British military, the movement continued, showing the deep resolve of the people.
In simple words: During the Quit India Movement, Tamil Nadu saw widespread protests, strikes, sabotage of communication, and clashes with the military, despite strong British suppression, with many people actively participating.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the various forms of protest (strikes, sabotage, clashes), geographical spread, and participation of different groups to show the intensity of the movement.

 

Question 3. Under what circumstances did E. V. R. leave the Congress? What was Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy? How did it lead E. V. R. to leave the Congress?
Answer:
(i) E. V. Ramaswamy, known as E. V. R., played a big role in Tamil Nadu's freedom struggle. However, he was unhappy with the Congress party because he felt it was only looking after the interests of Brahmins. (ii) To help national education, a Gurukulam (a traditional school) was started in Cheranmadevi by V. V. Subramanianar. This institution received money from Congress. However, students there were treated unfairly based on their caste. (iii) Brahmin and non-Brahmin students were made to eat separately, and the food served to them was different. E. V. R. noticed this in 1925 and criticized it strongly, along with another leader, Dr. P. Varadarajulu. (iv) In the Kanchipuram Conference of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee on November 21, 1925, E. V. R. brought up the issue of representation for non-Brahmins in the legislature. But his efforts to make changes since 1920 had not worked. (v) When his resolution was defeated, E. V. R. left the Conference along with other non-Brahmin leaders who held a separate meeting. Soon after, he left the Congress and started the Self-Respect Movement. The Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy and the opposition to caste-based representation within Congress ultimately led E. V. R. (Periyar) to leave the party.
In simple words: E.V.R. left Congress due to the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy, where students were discriminated against based on caste, and his belief that Congress only supported Brahmins, leading him to start the Self-Respect Movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam incident (discrimination in dining, etc.) and E.V.R.'s broader disillusionment with Congress's caste policies, linking these to his departure and the launch of the Self-Respect Movement.