Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Food Security and Nutrition

Question 1. Availability of food is physical availability of food stocks in desired quantities, which is a function of domestic production, changes in stocks and imports.
(a) Availability of food
(b) Access to food
(c) Absorption of food
(d) None
Answer: (a) Availability of food
In simple words: Food security starts with having enough food physically present. This depends on how much food a country produces, how much it stores, and how much it imports from other countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three key aspects of food security: availability, access, and absorption. Availability is the fundamental first step.

 

Question 2. Buffer stock is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice, procured by the government through the FCI.
(a) FCI
(b) Consumer Cooperatives
(c) ICICI
(d) IFCI
Answer: (a) FCI
In simple words: The government keeps a special reserve of grains like wheat and rice. This reserve, called buffer stock, is managed by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) to ensure food supply.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the role of FCI – it is crucial for managing food procurement and distribution in India, directly impacting food security.

 

Question 3. Which is correct?
(i) HYV-High Yielding Varieties
(ii) MSP-Minimum Support Price
(iii) PDS-Public Distribution System
(iv) FCI-Food Corporation of India
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(d) All are correct
Answer: (d) All are correct
In simple words: All the given abbreviations are correctly explained. These terms are important in understanding food production and distribution systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always double-check abbreviations and their full forms, especially in economics and social science topics, as they represent key concepts.

 

Question 4. United States of America extended assistance through its Public Law 480.
(a) United States of America
(b) India
(c) Singapore
(d) UK
Answer: (a) United States of America
In simple words: The United States of America provided help to other countries using its Public Law 480 program. This law allowed them to offer food and other aid.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific aid programs and the countries associated with them, as they highlight global economic relationships.

 

Question 5. Green revolution was born in India paving way for self sufficiency in food grain production.
(a) Blue Revolution
(b) White Revolution
(c) Green Revolution
(d) Grey Revolution
Answer: (c) Green Revolution
In simple words: The Green Revolution started in India and helped the country grow enough food for itself. It used new farming methods to greatly increase grain output.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the "Green Revolution" as a significant event in Indian agriculture, leading to food self-sufficiency and involving improved crop varieties and farming techniques.

 

Question 6. Tamil Nadu is the only state in India to adopt universal PDS.
(a) Kerala
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (c) Tamil Nadu
In simple words: Tamil Nadu is unique because it uses a universal Public Distribution System (PDS). This means everyone, regardless of their income, can get food supplies through this system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note key distinctions in state policies, such as Tamil Nadu's universal PDS, which differs from targeted systems used elsewhere.

 

Question 7. Nutrition is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
(a) Health
(b) Nutrition
(c) Sanitation
(d) Security
Answer: (b) Nutrition
In simple words: Nutrition is about getting and using the right kinds of food needed to stay healthy and grow well. It's essential for everyone's well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define key terms like 'nutrition' in your answers. Understanding such basic concepts is vital for higher-level topics.

 

Question 8. Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme was started in 1980.
(a) 1980
(b) 1975
(c) 1955
(d) 1985
Answer: (a) 1980
In simple words: The Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme began in the year 1980. This program was designed to improve the health and nutritional status of people in the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important dates associated with major government programs. Dates help establish the timeline and historical context of policies.

 

Question 9. Health status is one of the indicators of the overall well-being of population and human resources development.
(a) Health
(b) Nutritional
(c) Economic
(d) Wealth
Answer: (a) Health
In simple words: A community's health shows how well people are doing overall. Good health is a key sign of a developed population and strong human resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that health is a foundational indicator for development, impacting a society's productivity and quality of life.

 

Question 10. Tamil Nadu Health System Projects has launched 108 ambulance service at free of cost.
(a) 106 ambulance
(b) 108 ambulance
(c) 107 ambulance
(d) 105 ambulance
Answer: (b) 108 ambulance
In simple words: Tamil Nadu's Health System Projects started the 108 ambulance service. This service is free for everyone, helping people get quick medical help when needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of specific public services and their associated numbers or initiatives, as they reflect government efforts in public welfare.

 

II. Fill in the blanks

 

Question 1. Ford Foundation from USA introduced HYV in India.
Answer: The Ford Foundation, an organization from the USA, introduced High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds in India. This played a crucial role in improving crop production and leading to the Green Revolution.
In simple words: The Ford Foundation from America brought in better quality seeds (HYV) to India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key players or organizations involved in significant historical developments, such as the Ford Foundation's role in the Green Revolution.

 

Question 2. Underweight is an important indicator of nutrition deficiency.
Answer: Being underweight is a clear sign that someone might not be getting enough nutrients. It's a key indicator used to identify nutrition deficiency, especially in children.
In simple words: If someone is underweight, it often means they are not getting enough food or proper nutrition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand direct indicators of nutritional health, such as being underweight, which signal a lack of proper diet.

 

Question 3. In the year 2013 National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.
Answer: The Indian Parliament passed the National Food Security Act in 2013. This law aims to provide food and nutritional security to people at affordable prices. It ensures access to adequate quantities of quality food.
In simple words: The Indian government passed the National Food Security Act in 2013 to make sure everyone can get enough food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note important years for significant legislation like the National Food Security Act, as they mark major policy changes.

 

Question 4. Consumer co-operatives play an important role in the supply of quality goods at reasonable rates to common people.
Answer: Consumer co-operatives are vital for making sure good quality products are available at fair prices for ordinary people. These groups help members save money and get reliable goods.
In simple words: Consumer co-operatives help people get good items at fair prices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the benefits of co-operative societies in promoting equitable access to goods and services, especially for consumers.

 

Question 5. Purchasing Power is the value of currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods and services that one unit of money can buy.
Answer: Purchasing power describes how much a certain amount of money can buy in terms of goods and services. If prices go up, your money buys less, so purchasing power decreases. This economic concept helps measure the real value of money.
In simple words: Purchasing power means how much stuff your money can buy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that purchasing power reflects the real value of money, which changes with inflation and prices of goods and services.

 

III. Match the following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II

Answer:
A. (iv) supply of quality goods
B. (i) subsidized rates
C. (v) United Nations Development Programme
D. (ii) 2013
E. (iii) Least poor region
In simple words: Consumer cooperatives help supply good products. The Public Distribution System sells things at lower, subsidized rates. UNDP stands for United Nations Development Programme. The National Food Security Act was passed in 2013. Kerala is known as the least poor region.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, connect each item from Column I to its most appropriate description or related term in Column II, focusing on key functions or definitions.

 

IV. Assertion and Reason

 

Question 1. Assertion (A): Purchasing power increases, price decreases and vice versa. Reason (R): The production of goods decline, the price of goods increases and then the purchasing power is affected.
(a) A is correct, R is false
(b) Both A and R are false statements
(c) A is correct but R is not a correct explanation
(d) A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A
Answer: (d) A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A
In simple words: The first statement is true: when prices drop, your money buys more, and vice versa. The second statement is also true and explains why: if fewer goods are made, prices go up, which then reduces how much your money can buy.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are true individually, then evaluate if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

 

Question 1. Define food security according to FAO.
Answer: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), food security means that all people always have physical, social, and economic ways to get enough safe and healthy food. This food must meet their diet needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. This definition emphasizes that food security is more than just having enough food; it's about reliable access to appropriate food for everyone.
In simple words: FAO says food security is when everyone can always get enough safe, good food that they like, so they can live a healthy and active life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining terms, especially those from specific organizations, try to include the key elements of their definition, such as "all people, at all times" for FAO's food security definition.

 

Question 2. What are the basic components of food and nutrition security?
Answer: The basic parts of food and nutrition security are:
1. Availability of food: This means there is enough food physically present.
2. Access to food: This means people can get food, whether by buying it, growing it, or through aid. Everyone should have a way to obtain food.
3. Absorption of food: This refers to the body's ability to use the nutrients from the food eaten for health and growth. Eating food is not enough; the body must be able to digest and utilize it.
In simple words: The main parts of food security are having food available, being able to get that food, and your body being able to use the food's nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list and briefly explain each component when asked. Using bullet points helps present information in a structured way.

 

Question 3. Explain 'ship to mouth' phenomenon.
Answer: The 'ship to mouth' phenomenon describes a situation where a country relies heavily on imported food, delivered directly from ships to feed its population. During the early 1960s, the United States helped India by providing food through its Public Law 480 (PL 480) scheme. This meant that India depended on these continuous food shipments from other nations, creating a direct "ship to mouth" reliance for its food supply. It highlights a period of food scarcity and dependence.
In simple words: 'Ship to mouth' means a country depends completely on food coming from other countries by ship to feed its people, like India did in the 1960s.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain historical terms by giving context, including the country and period involved, to show a full understanding.

 

Question 4. What is the role of FCI in Green Revolution?
Answer: The Food Corporation of India (FCI) played a very important role during the Green Revolution. At the start of each farming season, the FCI built large storage facilities and created buffer stocks of food grains. This ensured that there was always enough food, especially wheat and rice, available. These stocks were then distributed throughout the year, making sure food reached people across the country. By managing storage and distribution, FCI helped stabilize food prices and ensure food security.
In simple words: The FCI helped the Green Revolution by building big storage places for grains and making sure food was stored and given out to people all year long.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing roles of organizations, connect their actions directly to the outcomes of the event (e.g., FCI's role in storage and distribution linked to the success of the Green Revolution).

 

Question 5. What are the effects of Green Revolution?
Answer: The Green Revolution brought several major changes and effects:
1. It greatly increased agricultural production and cultivation, leading to more food being grown.
2. It boosted the productivity of land and farmers, meaning more crops were harvested from the same area.
3. It introduced new cropping systems and agricultural practices, changing how farmers grew food.
4. It spurred industrial development, as new machinery, fertilizers, and pesticides were needed for the improved farming techniques. These changes transformed Indian agriculture and helped the country achieve food self-sufficiency.
In simple words: The Green Revolution led to more food being grown, higher farm output, new ways of farming, and growth in industries related to agriculture.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing effects, use clear, concise points. Remember that the Green Revolution had both direct impacts on farming and broader economic consequences.

 

Question 6. Write a note on Differential Universal PDS and Targeted PDS
Answer: There are two main types of Public Distribution Systems (PDS): Universal PDS and Targeted PDS.
1. Under Universal Public Distribution System (PDS), every family that holds a ration card is allowed to receive food supplies. This system treats all families equally, regardless of their income or poverty level.
2. Under Targeted PDS, the government identifies specific groups of beneficiaries based on certain criteria, usually their income or poverty status. Only these identified families are given access to subsidized food and other entitlements, leaving out those who do not meet the criteria.
3. Tamil Nadu uses a Universal PDS, meaning all its citizens can access food supplies through the system, reflecting a focus on broader food security.
In simple words: Universal PDS gives food to everyone with a ration card, while Targeted PDS gives food only to poor families. Tamil Nadu follows the universal system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate clearly between universal and targeted systems by explaining who qualifies for benefits in each case, and provide an example if possible.

 

Question 7. Write a short note on purchasing power.
Answer: Purchasing power is a measure of the value of money, showing how many goods and services one unit of currency can buy. When prices of goods increase, the purchasing power of money decreases, meaning your money buys less than before. Conversely, if prices fall, purchasing power rises. This economic concept is vital for understanding inflation and the real economic well-being of individuals. A higher purchasing power allows people to buy more with the same amount of money.
In simple words: Purchasing power is how much stuff your money can buy. If prices go up, your money buys less, and your purchasing power drops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define purchasing power clearly and explain its inverse relationship with prices. Mentioning its relevance to inflation shows deeper understanding.

 

Question 8. What are the main reasons for the New Agricultural Policy?
Answer: The New Agricultural Policy was introduced for several key reasons:
1. Its primary aim was to increase both agricultural production and the productivity of farmland. This focused on getting more output from the available resources.
2. The policy also sought to remove restrictions on exports, such as export duties, bans, and quotas, particularly for organic and processed agricultural products. This would help farmers sell their produce internationally.
3. Finally, it aimed for the overall development of the entire agriculture sector, ensuring growth across all aspects of farming. This included efforts to modernize farming practices and support farmer welfare.
In simple words: The New Agricultural Policy wanted to grow more food, help farmers export their goods, and develop all parts of farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing policy reasons, summarize the main objectives. Focus on actions the policy intends to take and the problems it aims to solve.

 

Question 9. Write short note on multi-dimensional nature of poverty.
Answer: Multi-dimensional poverty measures go beyond just income to give a more complete picture of what poverty means. These measures show not only who is poor but also *how* they are poor, by looking at the many disadvantages they face. For example, it considers lack of education, poor health, and inadequate living standards. By breaking down poverty into different areas, these measures can show the poverty levels in various parts of a country and among different groups of people, helping to tailor specific solutions.
In simple words: Multi-dimensional poverty looks at poverty in many ways, not just money. It shows who is poor and what problems they face, like not having good education or health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that multi-dimensional poverty considers multiple factors (e.g., health, education, living standards) beyond just income, providing a holistic view.

 

Question 10. Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Tamil Nadu has implemented several nutrition programs to improve the health of its citizens. Some of the key initiatives include:
1. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): This program focuses on providing comprehensive services for children's development.
2. Mid-Day Meals Scheme: This scheme provides free lunch to schoolchildren, improving their nutrition and encouraging school attendance.
3. Reproductive and Child Health Programmes (RHP): These programs focus on the health of mothers and young children.
4. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): This mission aims to improve healthcare in rural areas.
5. Puratchi Thalaivar MGR Nutritious Meal Programme (PTMGRNMP): This is a major scheme offering nutritious meals.
6. Mid-day meal programme: A program to provide nutritious food to children in schools. These programs collectively address various aspects of nutritional well-being.
In simple words: Tamil Nadu runs programs like ICDS, Mid-Day Meals, RHP, NRHM, and the Puratchi Thalaivar MGR Nutritious Meal Programme to help people get proper nutrition.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing programs, ensure to name them accurately. Briefly mention the target group or main objective of each program for a complete answer.

 

Question 1. Elucidate why the Green Revolution was born.
Answer: The Green Revolution came about due to several urgent needs and factors:
1. Food security was essential for a country's overall development, and India was facing challenges in feeding its growing population.
2. After gaining independence, India focused on both agriculture and industry, but agriculture needed more specific attention.
3. Severe droughts in India forced the country to rely heavily on imported food grains, making it dependent on other nations.
4. As a result, India had to ask richer countries for food grains, often at lower prices, highlighting its food shortage.
5. The United States helped India with food aid through its Public Law 480 program, a period sometimes called 'ship to mouth' existence.
6. An American organization, the Ford Foundation, developed a plan to boost food production in India. This involved bringing in High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of wheat and rice seeds.
7. When these new seeds showed very good results in India, the idea of the Green Revolution, which aimed to use technology to increase crop yields, gained momentum and spread across the country. This marked a turning point towards self-sufficiency in food production.
In simple words: The Green Revolution started because India needed to grow more food to feed its people, especially after droughts. It also got help from America with new seeds, which worked well and led to big changes in farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by outlining the problems (food dependency, droughts) that led to the solution (new seeds, Ford Foundation aid), culminating in the Green Revolution.

 

Question 2. Explain Minimum Support Price.
Answer: The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a special price set by the government for certain crops. An expert group calculates this price by considering all the costs involved in growing that crop, like seeds, labor, and fertilizers. After the MSP is announced, the government opens procurement centers in areas where these crops are widely grown. Farmers can choose to sell their crops in the open market if they get a better price. However, if the open market price is lower than the MSP, farmers are guaranteed to sell their produce to government agencies like the FCI at the MSP. This assures farmers of a minimum income and protects them from sudden price drops, providing a safety net for their livelihood.
In simple words: Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a fixed price the government promises to pay farmers for their crops. It protects farmers from losing money if market prices fall, ensuring they get a fair deal.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining economic concepts like MSP, define what it is, who sets it, how it's calculated, and its key benefit (income assurance for farmers).

 

Question 3. Elaborate the Public Distribution System.
Answer: The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-managed system that ensures food security for citizens by distributing essential food grains at affordable prices. Here's how it works:
1. The PDS primarily operates through Ration Shops, which are retail outlets authorized to sell subsidized commodities.
2. The government takes steps to distribute food grains, such as rice, wheat, and sugar, at subsidized rates through this system.
3. The way PDS functions, its scope, and specific rules can differ from one state to another across India.
4. There are generally two main types of PDS: Universal PDS, where all families can get supplies, and Targeted PDS, which focuses on specific poorer groups.
5. For instance, Tamil Nadu uses a universal system where all family ration card holders are entitled to receive supplies.
6. Both the central and state governments help fund these subsidized supplies distributed through the PDS.
7. The National Food Security Act, passed by the Indian Parliament in 2013, guides the PDS. This act aims to ensure food and nutritional security for everyone.
8. According to this Act, 50% of urban households and 75% of rural households are considered "priority households" based on certain criteria, allowing them to receive highly subsidized food. For example, they are supplied rice at Rs. 3 per kg, wheat at Rs. 2 per kg, and millets at Rs. 1 per kg. This system is crucial for poverty reduction and nutritional support.
In simple words: The Public Distribution System (PDS) gives essential food items like rice and wheat at low prices through ration shops. It helps ensure poor families get enough to eat and is managed by both central and state governments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the PDS by mentioning its key features: purpose, mechanism (ration shops), types (universal/targeted), and its legal backing (NFSA). Include relevant numbers if available.

 

Question 4. What are the factors affecting the purchasing power and explain them.
Answer: Several important factors can influence the purchasing power of people:
1. **Overpopulation:** A high population growth rate, like India's 1.7 per 1000, means more demand for goods. If supply cannot keep up with this increased demand, prices rise. Higher prices reduce purchasing power, especially for people in rural areas.
2. **Increasing prices of essential goods:** Even with economic growth, if the prices of basic necessities keep rising, people's purchasing power gets eroded. For example, during 2015-16, pulse prices went up by about 40%, directly affecting the poor.
3. **Demand for goods:** When the demand for specific goods goes up, their prices usually increase. This rise in prices then reduces the amount of those goods that money can buy, thus affecting purchasing power.
4. **Price of goods affecting currency value:** The prices of goods have a direct impact on the value of a currency. If prices increase, the purchasing power decreases, which effectively lowers the real value of the currency itself.
5. **Production and supply of goods:** If fewer goods are produced and supplied, their prices will naturally go up. This increase in prices leads to a decrease in the overall purchasing power.
6. **Poverty and inequality:** Significant economic differences, where a small percentage of the population owns most of the wealth, can worsen poverty. This unequal distribution of wealth directly affects the purchasing power of the poorer sections of society.
7. **Government policies:** A country's government creates policies and regulations to protect its currency's purchasing power and maintain a healthy economy. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a tool used to track these changes in purchasing power. All these elements combined show how complex and interconnected the factors influencing purchasing power are in an economy.
In simple words: Many things affect how much your money can buy. These include too many people needing things, prices of essential goods going up, how much people want certain goods, and if fewer goods are made. Also, if wealth is not shared equally, many people will have less buying power.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining factors, use clear headings or bullet points for each factor. Then, briefly explain how each factor influences purchasing power, using simple cause-and-effect reasoning.

 

Question 5. Write briefly some of the important objectives of India's agricultural policy.
Answer: India's New Agricultural Policy, announced in 2018, aims to achieve several important goals:
1. **Raising input productivity:** One objective is to increase how much output is gained from agricultural inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. Improving these inputs helps farmers grow more.
2. **Raising value-added per hectare:** The policy seeks to increase the value obtained from each hectare of land, especially in small and marginal farms. This means focusing on producing more valuable crops rather than just increasing the physical amount of produce.
3. **Protecting poor farmers' interests:** The policy aims to help poor and small-scale farmers. This includes removing middlemen, providing more credit support, and implementing land reforms. Such measures ensure fair prices and better opportunities for farmers.
4. **Modernizing agriculture:** The policy promotes using modern technology in farming and applying improved inputs like HYV seeds and fertilizers. This helps make farming more efficient and productive.
5. **Addressing environmental degradation:** An important objective is to stop and reverse the damage to the natural environment caused by farming. This includes sustainable practices to protect natural resources.
6. **Removing bureaucracy:** The policy aims to reduce unnecessary official hurdles for farmers' co-operative societies and self-help groups. This allows farmers to work more freely and effectively. These objectives collectively aim for a sustainable and equitable growth in the agricultural sector.
In simple words: India's new farming policy aims to grow more food, get more value from each farm, help poor farmers, use modern tools, protect nature, and make it easier for farmers to work without too much paperwork.

🎯 Exam Tip: Organize the objectives using clear bullet points or numbered lists. For each objective, briefly explain the "what" (the goal) and the "how" (the method to achieve it).

 

Discuss about the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index India and Tamil Nadu.

Answer: The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report from 2018, created by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, shared important observations about India and Tamil Nadu.

**Observations about India:**
1. India significantly reduced its poverty rate from 55% to 28% over ten years. This meant 271 million people moved out of poverty between 2005-06 and 2015-16.
2. Despite this progress, India still had 364 million poor people in 2015-16, which was the largest number for any country, though it was down from 635 million in 2005-06.
3. Out of the 364 million people who were MPI poor in 2015-16, 156 million were children. In 2005-06, there were 292 million poor children, showing a 47% decrease or 136 million fewer children growing up in multi-dimensional poverty.
4. About 80% of people belonging to Scheduled Tribes (ST) were poor in 2005-06, and 50% of them remained poor in 2015-16, indicating persistent disparities.
5. Bihar was the poorest state, with over half its population living in poverty.
6. The four poorest states — Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh — were home to 196 million MPI poor people, which was more than half of all MPI poor people in India.
7. Kerala, known for its strong social development, greatly reduced its MPI by around 92% in 2006, making it one of the least poor regions. This shows the importance of human development policies.

**Multi-dimensional Poverty Index 2018 Report in Tamil Nadu:**
Over recent decades, Tamil Nadu has made great strides in reducing poverty. The state classifies its districts into three categories based on poverty levels: high poverty districts (above 40% of the population living below the poverty line), moderately poor districts (30% to 40%), and low-level poverty districts (below 30%). Since 1994, poverty has consistently decreased in both rural and urban areas of Tamil Nadu. The state now has a smaller share of India's poor population compared to its total population. After 2005, poverty reduction happened faster in Tamil Nadu than in many other Indian states. Tamil Nadu has also led various poverty alleviation programs from 2014-2017. The Indian government is running many policies to end poverty, and if these programs continue, they are expected to completely remove poverty in Tamil Nadu, making it a model for other states in India. This comprehensive approach highlights the state's dedication to improving its citizens' well-being.
In simple words: The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report shows that India reduced poverty, but many people, especially children and tribal groups, were still poor. States like Bihar were the poorest, while Kerala did very well. Tamil Nadu also made big progress in reducing poverty and aims to be a model state for development.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing reports, mention the source (UNDP, Oxford) and key findings. For state-specific analysis, provide comparative data or unique achievements. Always highlight the key takeaways regarding poverty reduction and regional disparities.

 

Question 7. Briefly explain the nutritional and health status of Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
1. Nutrition is very important for human health and overall well-being. 2. Tamil Nadu has done a great job in improving health and nutrition. 3. The state focuses on helping children below six years old, pregnant women, new mothers, and adolescent girls. 4. Tamil Nadu spends the most money on health and nutrition in the entire country. 5. Programmes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and the Puratchi Thalaivar MGR Nutritious Meal Programme (PTMGRNMP) are thought to be among the best in the country. These programmes help to provide essential care and food to vulnerable groups. 6. In Tamil Nadu, ICDS is carried out through 54,439 child centres, which include 49,499 Anganwadi centres and 4,940 mini Anganwadi centres.In simple words: Tamil Nadu puts a lot of effort into keeping its people healthy and well-fed, especially children and mothers. They spend a lot and run good programmes to make sure everyone gets enough to eat and proper care.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing policy impacts, use specific examples of programs and highlight key achievements or areas of focus, like target groups and funding.

 

VII. Activity and Projects

 

Question 1. Visit nearby "Uzhavar Sandhai" and collect the information about the functions of market.
Answer: Uzhavar Sandhai is a government scheme in Tamil Nadu that helps farmers sell their produce directly to consumers. This helps both farmers and buyers. Functions of Uzhavar Sandhai: 1. Uzhavar Sandhai, also known as Farmer's Market, started in Madurai in 1999. It helps farmers sell their goods at fair prices without middlemen. 2. Uzhavar Sandhai markets start operating early in the morning. 3. They allow farmers to directly meet and sell to the public. 4. They provide fresh vegetables and fruits at good prices every day, with no interference from middlemen. 5. Prices for items are clearly written on blackboards in each shop. 6. It ensures that consumers get accurate measurements for their purchases, often at lower prices than regular markets. This builds trust between farmers and consumers. 7. It also serves as a training center for farmers, teaching them new techniques. 8. Some Uzhavar Sandhai markets also sell seeds and other farming supplies to farmers. 9. Farmers who produce less can also sell their goods in these markets and benefit from them.In simple words: Uzhavar Sandhai is a special market where farmers sell fresh produce directly to people. It helps farmers get fair prices and customers get good, cheap food without middlemen. It even teaches farmers new things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining market functions, emphasize the direct connection between producers and consumers, and how it eliminates intermediaries to benefit both parties.

 

Question 2. Collect information about health centre functioning nearby your location.
Answer: Health centers offer continuous and complete care to patients. They help connect patients with social welfare and public health services started by the government. Good health centers are vital for community well-being. Functions of Health Centre: 1. They provide medical care. 2. They educate people about health. 3. They work to prevent and control local epidemic diseases. 4. They ensure safe water supply and basic sanitation. 5. They offer maternal and child health services, including family planning. 6. They provide clinical services. 7. They care for the aged and people with disabilities. 8. They offer child care. 9. They promote overall health in the community.In simple words: Health centers give medical help and teach people about staying healthy. They stop diseases, ensure clean water, help mothers and children, and care for older and disabled people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the preventive, curative, and promotional aspects of health centers, detailing how they serve different community needs from child care to sanitation.

 

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Food Security and Nutrition Additional Important Questions and Answers

 

I Choose the correct answer

 

Question 1. The minimum support price is the price announced by the Government at the of the cropping season.
(a) end
(b) beginning
(c) harvest
(d) none
Answer: (b) beginning
In simple words: The government announces the minimum price at which it will buy crops at the start of the planting season, giving farmers assurance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Minimum Support Price (MSP) is declared *before* the sowing season to encourage farmers and assure them a minimum income.

 

Question 2. The programme was implemented in selected districts where irrigation was assured.
(a) FCI
(b) HYV
(c) MSD
(d) None
Answer: (b) HYV
In simple words: The HYV (High Yielding Varieties) programme was used in areas where there was enough water for irrigation. This helped grow more crops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect HYV programs with guaranteed irrigation, as these high-yielding seeds require consistent water supply to be effective.

 

Question 3. The nature, scope and functioning of the varies from State to State.
(a) FCI
(b) PDS
(c) IRDP
(d) None
Answer: (b) PDS
In simple words: How the Public Distribution System (PDS) works and what it covers is different in each state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that while PDS is a national system, its exact implementation and features can differ significantly between states due to local governance.

 

Question 4.
(a) To save food grains from pest attack
(b) To deliver food
(c) To stop price fluctuations
Answer: (c) To stop price fluctuations
In simple words: One main reason for having buffer stock is to keep food prices steady so they don't go up and down too much.

🎯 Exam Tip: The primary role of buffer stock is price stabilization and ensuring food availability during shortages, rather than pest control or delivery logistics.

 

Question 5. Around 94% of the fair – price shops are run by in Tamil Nadu.
(a) banks
(b) government
(c) co-operatives
(d) local heads
Answer: (c) co-operatives
In simple words: Most of the shops that sell food at fair prices in Tamil Nadu are managed by co-operative groups. These groups often work together to provide essential goods to the community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the significant role of co-operative societies in running public distribution systems, especially in states like Tamil Nadu.

 

Question 6. It has been proposed to open new fair price shops so that, no cardholder walks more than km.
(a) 4
(b) 3.5
(c) 2.5
(d) 1.5
Answer: (d) 1.5
In simple words: New fair price shops are planned so that no one has to walk more than 1.5 kilometers to reach one. This makes food more accessible.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numerical targets like distance limits are often important details to remember for policy-related questions, as they reflect accessibility goals.

 

Question 7. is a method of monitoring purchasing power.
(a) Purchasing power parity
(c) Consumer price index
(d) Inflation
Answer: (c) Consumer price index
In simple words: The Consumer Price Index is a way to check how much your money can buy over time. It shows if your purchasing power is going up or down.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that the Consumer Price Index (CPI) directly measures inflation and changes in the cost of living, making it a key tool for monitoring purchasing power.

 

Question 8. In general, purchasing power is affected by :
(a) Poverty
(b) Unequal distribution of wealth
(c) Price of the goods
(d) All the options
Answer: (d) All the options
In simple words: Your ability to buy things is influenced by poverty, how wealth is shared, and how much goods cost. All these factors play a role.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that purchasing power is influenced by a combination of economic factors, not just one, often encompassing socio-economic conditions.

 

Question 9. is the largest economy in terms of PPP – GDP in 2019.
(a) USA
(b) China
(c) Japan
(d) India
Answer: (b) China
In simple words: In 2019, China had the biggest economy when measured by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Gross Domestic Product.

🎯 Exam Tip: For economic comparisons like PPP-GDP, remember the leading countries and specific years if mentioned, as these are factual recall points.

 

Question 10. are the factors that constitute the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index.
(a) Quality of work
(b) Health
(c) Education
(d) All the options
Answer: (d) All the options
In simple words: The Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index looks at health, education, and the quality of work to understand poverty, not just income. All these parts together show how poor someone is.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) assesses poverty beyond just income, considering deprivations in health, education, and living standards.

 

Question 11. district tops in Multi-dimensional index in Tamil Nadu.
(a) Coimbatore
(b) Kancheepuram
(c) Ariyalur
(d) Virudunagar
Answer: (b) Kancheepuram
In simple words: Kancheepuram is the district in Tamil Nadu that ranks highest in the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index, meaning it has the lowest levels of poverty according to this measure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific geographical data, such as which districts perform best or worst in particular indices, as these often reflect targeted policy successes or ongoing challenges.

 

Question 12. The status of in urban and Rural areas are traced with the help of the National Family Health Survey.
(a) Poverty
(b) Health
(c) Nutrition
(d) All the options
Answer: (c) Nutrition
In simple words: The National Family Health Survey helps us understand how well people are nourished in both cities and villages. It tracks nutrition status.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the primary focus of key national surveys; the National Family Health Survey is crucial for data on health, family planning, and especially nutrition indicators.

 

Question 13. is considered to be one of the world's largest programme of its kind for the holistic development of the child.
(a) ICDS
(b) RCH
(c) NRHM
(d) All the options
Answer: (a) ICDS
In simple words: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is seen as one of the biggest programmes globally that helps children grow in all ways, including their health and learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: The ICDS is a comprehensive program for child development, covering nutrition, health, and pre-school education, making it a globally recognized initiative.

 

Question 14. Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Scheme gives financial assistance to poor pregnant women upto :
(a) Rs. 25,000
(b) Rs. 12,000
(c) Rs. 15,000
(d) Rs. 50,000
Answer: (b) Rs. 12,000
In simple words: The Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Scheme gives money to poor pregnant women, up to Rs. 12,000, to help them during pregnancy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When studying government schemes, always recall the specific financial benefits or assistance amounts provided, as these are critical details.

 

Question 15. Better medical care leads to population.
(a) stable
(b) healthy
(c) disease less
(d) growth of active
Answer: (b) healthy
In simple words: When people get good medical care, it helps the population to be healthier.

🎯 Exam Tip: Good medical care directly improves the health status of a population, reducing illness and enhancing overall well-being.

 

II. Match the following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II.
Answer:

A. (iv)
B. (ii)
C. (i)
D. (iii)
In simple words: Each program in Column I is correctly matched with its specific focus or associated detail from Column II. For example, PTMGRNMP is about weaning food, and MDMP started in 1982 in rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, understand the core purpose or key feature of each item to correctly link them. Acronyms often represent important schemes.

 

Question 2. Match the Column I with Column II
Answer:

A. (v)
B. (i)
C. (iv)
D. (ii)
E. (iii)
In simple words: This match connects economic and social terms. For example, malnutrition means a lack of good food, and agricultural policy often involves HYV seeds. MPI is a way to look at poverty in many ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, look for direct definitions or primary associations. For example, "malnutrition" directly links to "lack of nutrition," and "agricultural policy" to key components like "HYV seeds."

 

III. Choose the correct statement

 

Question 1.
(i) India has reduced the poverty rate drastically from 55% to 28 % in the past 10 years.
(ii) Multidimensional poverty index reveals who is poor, how they are poor, and
(iii) A substantial number of Indian women and children are underweight, anaemic and deficient in micro-nutrient.
(iv) Though India has achieved self – sufficiency in food production, yet to attain food security to all.
(a) (i), (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (ii), (iii) are correct
(c) (ii), (iii) are correct
(d) all are correct
Answer: (d) all are correct
In simple words: All the statements are true. India has reduced poverty a lot, the poverty index shows more than just income, many women and children are still malnourished, and even with enough food, not everyone has access to it.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple-statement questions, evaluate each statement independently for accuracy before combining them. Often, even if one statement has a minor flaw, it might make the entire option incorrect.

 

Question 2.
(i) Raising the productivity of inputs and modernising agricultural is one of the aim of PMGYS.
(ii) Amartya Sen is an leading nobel laureate in agricultural science.
(iii) Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition programme is assisted financially by the world bank.
(iv) The National Food Security Act was implemented in Tamil Nadu in 2016.
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) are correct
(b) only (iv) is correct
(c) (i), (iv) are wrong
(d) (iii), (iv) are correct
Answer: (b) only (iv) is correct
In simple words: Only statement (iv) is correct: The National Food Security Act was put into action in Tamil Nadu in 2016. The other statements have errors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with details like the specific objectives of schemes, fields of expertise of famous personalities, and implementation dates of acts to correctly identify true statements.

 

IV. Assertion and Reason

 

Question 1. Assertion (A): The New Agricultural policy was announced by the Government of India in 2018. Reason (R): The Government decided to remove export restrictions on most organic and processed agricultural products.
(a) A is correct but R is not the correct explanation to A.
(b) A and R are wrong.
(c) A is correct and R is the correct explanation to A.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer: (c) A is correct and R is the correct explanation to A.
In simple words: Both the statement (A) about the New Agricultural Policy in 2018 and the reason (R) about removing export restrictions are true, and (R) explains why (A) was made.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true. Then, see if the reason directly explains the assertion. Use "because" between the two statements to test the explanation.

 

Question 2. Assertion (A): Government of India is implementing many policies and programmes to eradicate poverty in India. Reason (R): These policies if continued, Tamil Nadu can become a model of development in India in future.
(a) A is correct but R is not the correct explanation to A.
(b) A is wrong R is correct.
(c) A is correct but R is the correct explanation to A.
(d) A and R are wrong.
Answer: (a) A is correct but R is not the correct explanation to A.
In simple words: Assertion (A) is true because the government does run many programmes to fight poverty. Reason (R) is also a true statement about Tamil Nadu's potential, but it doesn't explain *why* the government implements those policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to distinguish between a true reason and a true statement. A reason must logically justify the assertion, not just be a standalone fact.

 

V. Answer in Short

 

Question 1. Write about the National Food Security Act in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: On November 1, 2016, Tamil Nadu became the last state in India to implement the National Food Security Act, after holding out for three years. The state announced that while it would follow the law, it would also make some changes to its rules. This act helps ensure food for many people.In simple words: Tamil Nadu started using the National Food Security Act in 2016, being the last state to do so. They said they would follow the law but also change some parts to fit their needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: For acts and policies, note the implementation date and any unique aspects of its application in specific regions, such as Tamil Nadu's modifications.

 

Question 2. Define Nutrition Security.
Answer: According to the well-known agricultural scientist M.S. Swaminathan, Nutrition security means that all people, at all times, have easy access to a healthy diet, safe drinking water, clean surroundings, basic healthcare, and primary education. It’s about more than just food; it’s about a complete healthy lifestyle.In simple words: Nutrition security means everyone can always get good food, clean water, healthcare, and education to live a healthy life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining key terms, especially those attributed to specific experts, use the official definition or key components to ensure accuracy.

 

Question 3. What is the purchasing power parity?
Answer:
• Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an economic idea that estimates how much money needs to be adjusted between two countries' currencies. It helps compare the prices of the same item in different countries to see what each currency can truly buy. PPP helps give a more realistic comparison of economic strength between nations. • PPP can be used to compare how much people earn in different countries, and other economic data. It also helps understand the cost of living or possible rates of inflation and deflation.In simple words: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) helps compare how much things cost and what money can buy in different countries, giving a better idea of how rich or poor countries are.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly explain that PPP is a theoretical exchange rate that equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies, allowing for a more accurate comparison of living standards.

 

Question 4. What does availability of food depend upon?
Answer: The availability of food depends on three main things: how much food is produced within the country, any changes in the amount of food stored (stocks), and how much food is brought in from other countries (imports). A stable food supply requires balancing these factors.In simple words: Food is available based on how much a country grows, how much it has stored, and how much it buys from other countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the three core pillars of food availability: domestic production, stock levels, and imports. These are the fundamental components of food security.

 

Question 5. Name the three-tier structure of consumer cooperative societies in India?
Answer: The three-tier structure of consumer cooperative societies in India helps in efficient distribution. These layers ensure reach from local villages to the state level. 1. Primary consumer cooperative societies (at the local or village level) 2. Central consumer cooperative stores (at the district level) 3. State-level consumer federations (at the state level)In simple words: Consumer cooperative societies in India work in three layers: small ones in villages, bigger ones in districts, and the biggest ones for the whole state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the hierarchical structure of cooperative societies, starting from the basic local level and moving up to the state or national federations.

 

Question 6. Write a note on National Food Security Act in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: The National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2013. On November 1, 2016, Tamil Nadu became the last state in the country to implement this Act. Tamil Nadu had waited three years to do so. On October 27, the state announced that even while putting the law into practice, it would change some of its original rules to suit local needs. This flexibility allowed Tamil Nadu to adapt the act for its specific population.In simple words: The National Food Security Act started in India in 2013. Tamil Nadu put it into action on November 1, 2016, but said it would change some rules to fit its state better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the passage year of the Act and the unique aspect of Tamil Nadu's delayed implementation and intention to modify provisions, which shows state autonomy.

 

Question 7. What is meant by Buffer stock?
Answer: Buffer stock is a collection of food grains, mainly wheat and rice, that the government buys and stores through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). This stored food helps ensure there is always enough food available, especially during times of shortage or high prices.In simple words: Buffer stock is extra food like wheat and rice that the government buys and keeps stored. It's used to make sure people always have food and prices stay steady.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define buffer stock by mentioning its key components (food grains like wheat and rice), the responsible agency (FCI), and its primary purpose (price stabilization and ensuring supply).

 

Question 8. How does the Buffer stock scheme help the people?
Answer: The buffer stock helps people by solving food shortages during tough times, like bad weather or natural disasters. By storing extra food, the government can release it when needed, preventing hunger and keeping prices affordable for everyone. This system acts as a safety net for the population.In simple words: The buffer stock helps people by providing food when there's a shortage, like during floods or droughts, making sure no one goes hungry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the safety net aspect of buffer stock, specifically its role in mitigating the impact of adverse conditions like calamities and preventing food crises.

 

Question 9. What is meant by Issue Price?
Answer: Buffer stock is used to give out food grains in areas where there isn't enough food and to poorer people. This food is sold at a price lower than the market price, and this special lower price is called the Issue Price. The Issue Price makes essential food affordable for vulnerable populations.In simple words: Issue Price is the cheap price at which the government sells stored food to poor people or in areas needing food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Issue Price as the subsidized price at which the government distributes food grains from buffer stock to beneficiaries, highlighting its role in affordability.

 

Question 10. what are the three major dimensions of poverty?
Answer: The three main parts of poverty are Health, Education, and Living Standard. These parts are used to measure poverty beyond just income, giving a fuller picture of how people are struggling.In simple words: The three main ways to look at poverty are a person's health, their education, and how they live.

🎯 Exam Tip: For the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), explicitly list the three main dimensions: Health, Education, and Living Standard, as these are universally recognized components.

 

Question 11. What is Padhumaiyar Kuzhu?
Answer: Padhumaiyar Kuzhu is a group that helps adolescent girls become stronger and more confident. It encourages them to take part in peer group services and activities. This helps them gain confidence and become agents of change in their communities.In simple words: Padhumaiyar Kuzhu is a group that empowers teenage girls, helping them gain confidence and become leaders by doing activities with their peers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific demographic (adolescent girls) and the twin objectives of empowerment and community participation when describing such initiatives.

 

Question 12. What is PPP?
Answer: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an economic idea. It helps estimate how much money needs to be adjusted so that the same item costs the same amount in two different countries, considering their exchange rates. Essentially, it shows the real buying power of a currency.In simple words: PPP means figuring out how much money from one country equals money from another country in terms of what you can actually buy, so you can compare prices fairly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define PPP as a method to compare economic productivity and standards of living between countries by adjusting for local purchasing power, making goods cost the same in different currencies.

 

Question 13. What are the uses of PPP?
Answer: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is used to compare how much people earn in different countries and other economic data. It also helps to understand the cost of living in various places, or to see possible rates of inflation (prices going up) or deflation (prices going down). PPP offers a clearer view of economic realities across borders.In simple words: PPP helps compare income and cost of living between countries. It also shows if prices are rising or falling.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the practical applications of PPP, such as comparing income levels, cost of living, and understanding inflation/deflation across different economies.

 

Question 14. What is meant by Agricultural policy?
Answer: An agricultural policy in a country is a set of plans designed to increase how much food is grown and how well farmers produce it. The main goal is to improve farmers' income and their way of living over a specific period. Such policies often include subsidies, price supports, and research initiatives.In simple words: Agricultural policy means the government's plans to help farmers grow more food and earn more money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define agricultural policy by its dual objectives: increasing agricultural production and productivity, and improving farmers' income and living standards.

 

Question 15. What are the ten indicators of Multi-Dimensional poverty index.
Answer: The ten indicators used for the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index are:
1. Nutrition and child mortality are considered under health.
2. Years of schooling and school attendance are indicators under education.
3. Cooking fuel, sanitation, water, electricity, floor, and assets are indicators under living standards. These indicators help understand different aspects of poverty beyond just income.
In simple words: The Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index looks at ten different things to measure poverty. These include health (like food and child deaths), education (how long people go to school), and how people live (like access to clean water, electricity, and cooking fuel).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember these three main categories – Health, Education, and Living Standards – and at least two indicators within each to explain the multi-dimensional nature of poverty comprehensively.

 

Question 16. Write a note on The Chief Minister's Comprehensive Health Insurance scheme.
Answer: The Chief Minister's Comprehensive Health Insurance scheme provides important health support.
1. It was launched in the years 2011-2012.
2. The scheme aims to provide free medical and surgical treatment in government and private hospitals to any family whose annual income is less than Rs. 72,000.
3. Its main goal is to achieve universal health care for everyone. This scheme helps many families get necessary medical care without financial burden.
In simple words: This health insurance plan started in 2011-2012. It gives free medical treatment in hospitals to families who earn less than Rs. 72,000 a year. The big idea is to make sure everyone can get good health care.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing government schemes, always include the year of launch, the main objective, and the target beneficiaries to score full marks.

 

Question 17. When does Food security exists?
Answer: Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. This food must meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Essentially, food security means everyone has enough good food to eat whenever they need it.
In simple words: Food security is when everyone always has access to enough safe, healthy food that they like to eat, so they can live an active and healthy life.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key elements of food security are "physical, social, and economic access" to "sufficient, safe, and nutritious food" for an "active and healthy life." Including these phrases is crucial.

 

Question 18. Write a note a Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Scheme.
Answer: The Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Scheme supports pregnant women.
1. It gives financial help up to Rs. 12,000 to poor pregnant women. This support helps them manage the costs during pregnancy and childbirth.
2. This scheme aims to prevent low birth weight in newborn babies.
3. These women can receive pre-delivery care, deliver their babies, and get immunizations for their babies in government hospitals. This ensures both mother and child are healthy.
In simple words: This scheme gives Rs. 12,000 to poor pregnant women. It helps stop babies from being born too small. Women can also get hospital care for delivery and baby shots through this program.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the financial assistance amount and the specific benefits for both the mother and the child (like preventing low birth weight and providing hospital care) when explaining this scheme.

 

Question 19. What was the aim of the National leprosy Eradication Programme?
Answer: The National Leprosy Eradication Programme had a clear goal. Its aim was to find all leprosy patients and give them continuous, regular treatment throughout the State. This program worked to detect cases early and ensure everyone received the necessary care to stop the spread of the disease.
In simple words: The goal of this program was to find all people with leprosy and give them regular treatment across the entire State.

🎯 Exam Tip: For eradication programs, focus on the dual aims of "detection" and "sustained treatment" to show a comprehensive understanding.

 

Question 20. Write the names of the four poorest states of India.
Answer: The four states in India with a higher number of poor people are Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. These states face significant challenges related to poverty. Understanding these regional disparities is key to addressing national poverty.
In simple words: The four states in India with the most poor people are Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the names correctly is crucial. Briefly mentioning the general characteristic (higher number of poor people) adds context.

Samacheer Kalvi.Guide

VI. Answer in Detail

 

Question 1. Explain the role of consumer co-operation in food security of India.
Answer: Consumer co-operatives play a vital role in ensuring food security in India.
1. They help supply good quality goods at reasonable prices to common people.
2. These co-operatives have a three-tier structure.
3. The structure includes Primary Consumer Co-operative Societies, Central Consumer Co-operative Stores, and State Level Consumer Federations. This multi-level structure helps them reach more people.
4. More than 50,000 village-level societies are involved in distributing consumer goods in rural areas.
5. Consumer co-operatives also offer other benefits like health care, insurance, and housing.
6. In Tamil Nadu, consumer co-operatives are very important, with about 94% of fair-price shops run by them. They help bridge the gap between producers and consumers.
In simple words: Consumer co-operatives help make sure everyone in India has food by selling good items at fair prices. They work at different levels, from villages to states, and also offer other benefits like health care. In Tamil Nadu, most fair-price shops are run by these co-operatives.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the role of co-operatives, emphasize their function in providing quality goods at reasonable rates, their tiered structure, and their broad impact on rural distribution and other services.

Samacheer Kalvi.Guide

 

Question 2. Name and explain the two components of food security system in India:
Answer: The food security system in India has two main parts:
(i) **Buffer Stock:** This is a reserve of food grains, mainly wheat and rice, bought by the government through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). This stock is used to give food grains to areas that need them and to poorer people at prices lower than the market. It is also used during natural disasters like droughts or earthquakes to ensure food supply. Maintaining a buffer stock helps stabilize food prices and availability.
(ii) **Public Distribution System (PDS):** This system distributes the food produced by the FCI through government-controlled ration shops. These shops provide food grains to the poorer sections of society. This network of ration shops ensures that essential food items reach those who need them most at affordable prices.
In simple words: India's food security system has two main parts. First is "Buffer Stock," which is a reserve of grains (like wheat and rice) the government keeps for emergencies and to sell cheaply to the needy. Second is the "Public Distribution System," where the government uses ration shops to sell these grains to poor people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each component – Buffer Stock and PDS – and explain their respective roles in managing food supply, stabilizing prices, and ensuring access for vulnerable populations. Mentioning the FCI's role is also important.